Edgar Filing: GRAN TIERRA ENERGY INC.

Document

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)



ý		QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018



o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission file number 001-34018

GRAN TIERRA ENERGY INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		98-0479924
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

900, 520 - 3 Avenue SW Calgary, Alberta Canada T2P 0R3
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(403) 265-3221

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer x	Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company o
	Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No ý

On October 30, 2018, 391,347,284 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value, were outstanding.

Gran Tierra Energy Inc.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2018

Table of contents



		Page
PART I	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	35
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36

PART II	Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	36
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	36
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Item 6.	Exhibits	38
SIGNATURES		39

CAUTIONARY LANGUAGE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q regarding our financial position, estimated quantities and net present values of reserves, business strategy, plans and objectives of our management for future operations, covenant compliance, capital spending plans and those statements preceded by, followed by or that otherwise include the words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “estimate”, “project”, “target”, “goal”, “plan”, “budget”, “objective”, “could”, “should”, or similar expressions or variations on these expressions are forward-looking statements. We can give no assurances that the assumptions upon which the forward-looking statements are based will prove to be correct or that, even if correct, intervening circumstances will not occur to cause actual results to be different than expected. Because forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. There are a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, sustained or future declines in commodity prices; potential future impairments and reductions in proved reserve quantities and value; our operations are located in South America, and unexpected problems can arise due to guerilla activity; technical difficulties and operational difficulties may arise which impact the production, transport or sale of our products; geographic, political and weather conditions can impact the production, transport or sale of our products; the risk that current global economic and credit conditions may impact oil prices and oil consumption more than we currently predict; our ability to execute business plans; the risk that unexpected delays and difficulties in developing currently owned properties may occur; the timely receipt of regulatory or other required approvals for our operating activities; the failure of exploratory drilling to result in commercial wells; unexpected delays due to the limited availability of drilling equipment and personnel; the risk that current global economic and credit market conditions may impact oil prices and oil consumption more than we currently predict, which could cause us to further modify our strategy and capital spending program; those factors set out in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information included herein is given as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the SEC and, except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we disclaim any obligation or undertaking to publicly release any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any forward-looking statement is based.

GLOSSARY OF OIL AND GAS TERMS

In this document, the abbreviations set forth below have the following meanings:



bbl	barrel	BOE	barrels of oil equivalent
bopd	barrels of oil per day	BOEPD	barrels of oil equivalent per day
Mcf	thousand cubic feet	NAR	net after royalty

Sales volumes represent production NAR adjusted for inventory changes. Our oil and gas reserves are reported NAR. Our production is also reported NAR, except as otherwise specifically noted as "working interest production before royalties." Natural gas liquids ("NGLs") volumes are converted to BOE on a one-to-one basis with oil. Gas volumes are converted to BOE at the rate of 6 Mcf of gas per bbl of oil, based upon the approximate relative energy content of gas and oil. The rate is not necessarily indicative of the relationship between oil and gas prices. BOEs may be misleading, particularly if used in isolation. A BOE conversion ratio of 6 Mcf:1 bbl is based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner tip and does not represent a value equivalency at the wellhead.

PART I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Gran Tierra Energy Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(Thousands of U.S. Dollars, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
OIL AND NATURAL GAS SALES (Notes 3 and 7)	$	175,118		$	103,768		$	476,792		$	294,555

EXPENSES
Operating	29,511			21,931			78,019			60,547
Workover	13,106			5,390			25,922			17,919
Transportation	7,505			6,038			21,024			19,472
Depletion, depreciation and accretion (Note 3)	51,630			35,279			137,698			93,968
General and administrative (Note 3)	13,811			8,651			37,173			26,876
Severance	1,004			1,164			2,015			1,164
Equity tax	—			—			—			1,224
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	(888		)	(1,271		)	94			779
Financial instruments (gain) loss (Note 10)	(4,874		)	1,675			6,840			(5,211		)
Interest expense (Note 5)	7,404			3,989			20,274			10,415
	118,209			82,846			329,059			227,153

LOSS ON SALE	—			—			(292		)	(9,076		)
INTEREST INCOME	725			301			2,121			954
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES (Note 3)	57,634			21,223			149,562			59,280

INCOME TAX EXPENSE (RECOVERY)
Current (Note 8)	19,108			4,333			36,224			13,522
Deferred (Note 8)	(36,769		)	13,760			(118		)	36,664
	(17,661		)	18,093			36,106			50,186
NET AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	75,295		$	3,130		$	113,456		$	9,094

NET INCOME PER SHARE
- BASIC	$	0.19		$	0.01		$	0.29		$	0.02
- DILUTED	$	0.18		$	0.01		$	0.28		$	0.02
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING - BASIC (Note 6)	391,209,589			394,771,194			391,185,636			397,439,007
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING - DILUTED (Note 6)	427,947,959			394,774,953			427,416,964			397,450,637

(See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements)

Gran Tierra Energy Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(Thousands of U.S. Dollars, Except Share and Per Share Amounts)



	As at September 30, 2018			As at December 31, 2017

ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 11)	$	130,158		$	12,326
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (Note 11)	1,228			11,787
Accounts receivable	64,616			45,353
Investment (Note 10)	37,608			25,055
Taxes receivable	70,256			40,831
Other current assets	14,153			9,893
Total Current Assets	318,019			145,245

Oil and Gas Properties (using the full cost method of accounting)
Proved	804,204			629,081
Unproved	441,275			464,948
Total Oil and Gas Properties	1,245,479			1,094,029
Other capital assets	2,901			5,195
Total Property, Plant and Equipment (Note 3)	1,248,380			1,099,224

Other Long-Term Assets
Deferred tax assets	58,901			57,310
Investment (Note 10)	17,623			19,147
Other long-term assets (Note 11)	5,133			6,112
Goodwill (Note 3)	102,581			102,581
Total Other Long-Term Assets	184,238			185,150
Total Assets (Note 3)	$	1,750,637		$	1,429,619
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	164,885		$	126,199
Derivatives (Note 10)	17,688			21,151
Taxes payable	9,759			9,324
Equity compensation award liability (Note 10)	16,534			295
Total Current Liabilities	208,866			156,969

Long-Term Liabilities
Long-term debt (Notes 5 and 10)	398,989			256,542
Deferred tax liabilities	28,470			28,417
Asset retirement obligation	38,877			31,241
Equity compensation award liability (Note 10)	14,648			11,135
Other long-term liabilities	9,257			8,980
Total Long-Term Liabilities	490,241			336,315

Contingencies (Note 9)

Shareholders’ Equity
Common Stock (Note 6) (391,339,489 and 385,191,042 shares of Common Stock and nil and 6,111,665 exchangeable shares, par value $0.001 per share, issued and outstanding as at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively)	10,295			10,295
Additional paid in capital	1,328,983			1,327,244
Deficit	(287,748		)	(401,204		)
Total Shareholders’ Equity	1,051,530			936,335
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	1,750,637		$	1,429,619

(See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements)

Gran Tierra Energy Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Operating Activities
Net income	$	113,456		$	9,094
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depletion, depreciation and accretion (Note 3)	137,698			93,968
Deferred tax (recovery) expense	(118		)	36,664
Stock-based compensation (Note 6)	20,477			4,935
Amortization of debt issuance costs (Note 5)	2,329			1,868
Cash settlement of restricted share units	(360		)	(534		)
Unrealized foreign exchange gain	(133		)	(304		)
Financial instruments loss (gain) (Note 10)	6,840			(5,211		)
Cash settlement of financial instruments (Note 10)	(26,169		)	1,518
Cash settlement of asset retirement obligation	(456		)	(462		)
Loss on sale	292			9,076
Net change in assets and liabilities from operating activities (Note 11)	(40,652		)	(28,105		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	213,204			122,507

Investing Activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment (Note 3)	(258,551		)	(175,719		)
Property acquisitions (Note 4)	(20,100		)	(30,410		)
Net proceeds from sale of Brazil business unit	—			34,481
Changes in non-cash investing working capital	32,638			16,047
Net cash used in investing activities	(246,013		)	(155,601		)

Financing Activities
Proceeds from bank debt, net of issuance costs (Note 5)	4,988			115,264
Repayment of bank debt (Note 5)	(153,000		)	(85,000		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options (Note 6)	1,408			—
Repurchase of shares of Common Stock (Note 6)	(1,314		)	(10,000		)
Proceeds from issuance of Senior Notes, net of issuance costs (Note 5)	288,087			—
Net cash provided by financing activities	140,169			20,264

Foreign exchange loss on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents	(402		)	(1,060		)

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents	106,958			(13,890		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period (Note 11)	26,678			43,267
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period (Note 11)	$	133,636		$	29,377

Supplemental cash flow disclosures (Note 11)

(See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements)

Gran Tierra Energy Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Share Capital
Balance, beginning of period	$	10,295		$	10,303
Issuance of Common Stock	1			—
Repurchase of Common Stock (Note 6)	(1		)	(4		)
Balance, end of period	10,295			10,299

Additional Paid in Capital
Balance, beginning of period	1,327,244			1,342,656
Exercise of stock options (Note 6)	1,407			—
Stock-based compensation (Note 6)	1,645			1,903
Repurchase of Common Stock (Note 6)	(1,313		)	(9,996		)
Balance, end of period	1,328,983			1,334,563

Deficit
Balance, beginning of period	(401,204		)	(493,972		)
Net income	113,456			9,094
Cumulative adjustment for accounting change related to tax reorganizations	—			124,476
Balance, end of period	(287,748		)	(360,402		)

Total Shareholders’ Equity	$	1,051,530		$	984,460

(See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements)

Gran Tierra Energy Inc.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

1. Description of Business

Gran Tierra Energy Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company” or “Gran Tierra”), is a publicly traded company focused on oil and natural gas exploration and production in Colombia.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The information furnished herein reflects all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of results for the interim periods.

The note disclosure requirements of annual consolidated financial statements provide additional disclosures to that required for interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2018.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements which are included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and are the same policies followed in these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, except as noted below. The Company has evaluated all subsequent events through to the date these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company adopted Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers with a date of initial application of January 1, 2018 in accordance with the modified retrospective approach without using the practical expedients. Except for providing enhanced disclosures about the Company's revenue transactions, the application of ASC 606 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

a) Significant Accounting Policy

The Company's revenue relates to oil and natural gas sales in Colombia. The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control of the product to a customer. This generally occurs at the time the customer obtains legal title to the product and when it is physically transferred to the delivery point agreed with the customer. Payment terms are generally within three business days following delivery of an invoice to the customer. Revenue is recognized based on the consideration specified in contracts with customers. Revenue represents the Company's share and is recorded net of royalty payments to governments and other mineral interest owners.

The Company evaluates its arrangement with third parties and partners to determine if the Company acts as a principal or an agent. In making this evaluation, management considers if the Company obtains control of the product delivered, which is indicated by the Company having the primary responsibility for the delivery of the product, having ability to establish prices or having inventory risk. If the Company acts in the capacity of an agent rather than as a principal in transaction, then the revenue is recognized on a net-basis, only reflecting the fee realized by the Company from the transaction.

Tariffs, tolls and fees charged to other entities for use of pipelines owned by the Company are evaluated by management to determine if these originate from contracts with customers or from incidental arrangements.

In the comparative period, revenue from the production of oil and natural gas was recognized when the customer took title and assumed the risks and rewards of ownership, prices were fixed or determinable, the sale was evidenced by a contract and collection of the revenue was reasonably assured.

b) Significant Judgments

When determining if the Company acted as a principal or as an agent in transactions, management determines if the Company obtains control of the product. As part of this assessment, management considers detailed criteria for revenue recognition set out in ASC 606.

Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities". ASU 2016-01 addressed certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 was effective for annual reporting periods and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The implementation of this update did not impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows or disclosure.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities". ASU 2018-03 clarified certain aspects of the guidance in ASU 2016-01. ASU 2018-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted upon adoption of ASU 2016-01.The amendments should be applied retrospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the effective date of ASU 2016-01. The Company early adopted this update on January 1, 2018. The implementation of this update did not impact the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows or disclosure.

Recently Issued but Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Leases

In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, "Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842". ASU 2018-01 provides an optional transition practical expedient that, if elected, would not require an organization to reconsider their accounting for existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendment are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in ASU 2016-02. The Company is planning to adopt ASU 2018-01 upon transition to ASU 2016-02 "Leases".

The Company has completed an assessment of its contract inventory, identified contracts which meet the definition of a lease and is currently determining the value of right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities and transition adjustments. The Company expects to use practical expedients available for land easements and short-term leases and will apply the guidance of ASU 2016-02 using a modified retrospective transition approach.

Fair Value Measurements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement". ASU 2018-13 will modify certain fair value measurements disclosure requirements. ASU 2018-13 will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The disclosure amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, and disclosure requirements for significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, should be applied prospectively. All other amendments in ASU 2018-13 should be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The application of ASU 2018-13 will not impact the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-use Software

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, "Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract". ASU 2018-15 clarifies requirements for capitalization of software development costs and requires that a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to be capitalized and expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement.

ASU 2018-15 will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The provisions of this amendment should be applied retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is currently assessing the impact this update will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and disclosure.

3. Segment and Geographic Reporting

The Company is primarily engaged in the exploration and production of oil and natural gas. Commencing 2018, the Company has one reportable segment based on geographic organization, Colombia. Prior to the sale of the Company's Brazil business unit effective June 30, 2017 and Peru business unit effective December 18, 2017, Brazil and Peru were reportable segments. The "All Other" category represents the Company’s corporate activities, Mexico activities and Brazil and Peru activities until the date of sale.

The following tables present information on the Company’s reportable segments and other activities:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	Colombia		All Other			Total
Oil and natural gas sales	$	175,118	$	—		$	175,118
Depletion, depreciation and accretion	51,416		214			51,630
General and administrative expenses	7,370		6,441			13,811
Income (loss) before income taxes	63,797		(6,163		)	57,634
Segment capital expenditures	101,453		10			101,463

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	Colombia		All Other			Total
Oil and natural gas sales	$	103,768	$	—		$	103,768
Depletion, depreciation and accretion	33,388		1,891			35,279
General and administrative expenses	5,500		3,151			8,651
Income (loss) before income taxes	31,276		(10,053		)	21,223
Segment capital expenditures	70,606		1,088			71,694

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	Colombia		All Other			Total
Oil and natural gas sales	$	476,792	$	—		$	476,792
Depletion, depreciation and accretion	135,980		1,718			137,698
General and administrative expenses	20,876		16,297			37,173
Income (loss) before income taxes	175,977		(26,415		)	149,562
Segment capital expenditures	257,771		780			258,551

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	Colombia		All Other			Total
Oil and natural gas sales	$	286,137	$	8,418		$	294,555
Depletion, depreciation and accretion	88,453		5,515			93,968
General and administrative expenses	15,561		11,315			26,876
Income (loss) before income taxes	90,018		(30,738		)	59,280
Segment capital expenditures	168,881		6,838			175,719



	As at September 30, 2018
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	Colombia		All Other		Total
Property, plant and equipment	$	1,246,979	$	1,401	$	1,248,380
Goodwill	102,581		—		102,581
All other assets	226,733		172,943		399,676
Total Assets	$	1,576,293	$	174,344	$	1,750,637

	As at December 31, 2017
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	Colombia		All Other		Total
Property, plant and equipment	$	1,096,833	$	2,391	$	1,099,224
Goodwill	102,581		—		102,581
All other assets	176,980		50,834		227,814
Total Assets	$	1,376,394	$	53,225	$	1,429,619

4. Property, Plant and Equipment

On August 6, 2018, the Company acquired a working interest ("WI") in the VMM-2 block in the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin for cash consideration of $17.0 million, of which $6.2 million was allocated to proved properties.

On June 20, 2018, the Company acquired the remaining WI in the Alea 1848-A and 1947-C Blocks in the Putumayo Basin for cash consideration of $3.1 million.

Subsequent to September 30, 2018, the Company acquired the remaining 45% WI in the PUT-1 Block in the Putumayo Basin for cash consideration of $28.1 million.

5. Debt and Debt Issuance Costs

The Company's debt at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was as follows:



(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	As at September 30, 2018			As at December 31, 2017
Senior notes	$	300,000		$	—
Convertible notes	115,000			115,000
Revolving credit facility	—			148,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(16,011		)	(6,458		)
Long-term debt	$	398,989		$	256,542

Senior Notes

On February 15, 2018, Gran Tierra Energy International Holdings Ltd. ("GTEIH"), an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, issued $300 million of 6.25% Senior Notes due 2025 (the "Senior Notes"). The Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and certain subsidiaries of the Company that guarantee its revolving credit facility. Net proceeds from the sale of the Senior Notes were $288.1 million, after deducting the initial purchasers' discounts and commission and the offering expenses payable by the Company.

The Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.25% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on August 15, 2018. The Senior Notes will mature on February 15, 2025, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased.

Before February 15, 2022, GTEIH may, at its option, redeem all or a portion of the Senior Notes at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. Thereafter, the Company may redeem all or a portion of the Senior Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest applicable to the date of the redemption at the following redemption prices: 2022 - 103.125%; 2023 - 101.563%; 2024 and thereafter - 100%.

Interest Expense

The following table presents total interest expense recognized in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Contractual interest and other financing expenses	$	6,588	$	3,346	$	17,945	$	8,547
Amortization of debt issuance costs	816		643		2,329		1,868
	$	7,404	$	3,989	$	20,274	$	10,415

6. Share Capital

On May 1, 2018, Gran Tierra Exchangeco Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, announced that it had established a redemption date of July 5, 2018 in respect of all of its outstanding exchangeable shares. Effective July 5, 2018, all remaining outstanding exchangeable shares of record on July 4, 2018 were acquired for purchase consideration of one share of Gran Tierra common stock for each exchangeable share, and on July 9, 2018, the Company retired and canceled one share of Special A Voting Stock and one share of Special B Voting Stock, which held voting rights in connection with those exchangeable shares. As a result, no shares of Special A Voting Stock and Special B Voting Stock remain outstanding.



	Shares of Common Stock		Exchangeable Shares of Gran Tierra Exchangeco Inc.		Exchangeable Shares of Gran Tierra Goldstrike Inc.
Balance, December 31, 2017	385,191,042		4,422,776		1,688,889
Options exercised	541,394		—		—
Shares repurchased and canceled	(504,612	)	—		—
Exchange of exchangeable shares	6,111,665		(4,422,776	)	(1,688,889	)
Balance, September 30, 2018	391,339,489		—		—

On March 7, 2018, the Company announced that it intended to implement a share repurchase program (the “2018 Program”) through the facilities of the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") and eligible alternative trading platforms in Canada. Under the 2018 Program, the Company is able to purchase at prevailing market prices up to 19,269,732 shares of Common Stock, representing approximately 5.00% of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock as of March 8, 2018. Shares purchased pursuant to 2018 Program will be canceled. The 2018 Program will expire on March 11, 2019, or earlier if the 5.00% share maximum is reached.

Equity Compensation Awards

The following table provides information about performance stock units (“PSUs”), deferred share units (“DSUs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:



	PSUs		DSUs	RSUs		Stock Options
	Number of Outstanding Share Units		Number of Outstanding Share Units	Number of Outstanding Share Units		Number of Outstanding Stock Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price/Stock Option ($)
Balance, December 31, 2017	6,131,951		455,768	122,090		8,960,692		3.65
Granted	3,660,422		182,607	—		2,049,930		2.54
Exercised	—		—	(120,268	)	(541,394	)	2.60
Forfeited	(618,735	)	—	(1,822	)	(656,847	)	4.69
Expired	—		—	—		(621,854	)	6.55
Balance, September 30, 2018	9,173,638		638,375	—		9,190,527		3.20

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, was $10.3 million and $20.5 million, respectively, and was primarily recorded in general and administrative ("G&A") expenses (three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 - $1.8 million and $4.9 million, respectively).

At September 30, 2018, there was $24.2 million (December 31, 2017 - $13.7 million) of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested PSUs and stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

Net Income per Share

Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock and exchangeable shares issued and outstanding during each period. Diluted net income per share is similarly calculated except that the common shares outstanding for the period is increased using the treasury stock method to reflect the potential dilution that could occur if outstanding stock awards were vested at the end of the applicable period plus potentially issuable shares on conversion of the convertible notes. Anti-dilutive shares represent potentially dilutive securities that are excluded from the computation of diluted income or loss per share as their impact would be anti-dilutive.

Weighted Average Shares Outstanding



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Weighted average number of common and exchangeable shares outstanding	391,209,589		394,771,194		391,185,636		397,439,007
Shares issuable pursuant to stock options	6,509,385		61,325		4,295,964		187,150
Shares assumed to be purchased from proceeds of stock options	(5,585,408	)	(57,566	)	(3,879,029	)	(175,520	)
Shares issuable pursuant to convertible notes	35,814,393		—		35,814,393		—
Weighted average number of diluted common and exchangeable shares outstanding	427,947,959		394,774,953		427,416,964		397,450,637

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, 3,198,865 and 5,436,667 options, respectively, (three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 - 9,259,811 and 9,744,747 options, respectively), on a weighted average basis, were excluded from the diluted income per share calculation as the options were anti-dilutive. Shares issuable upon conversion of the 5.00% Convertible Notes due 2021 ("Convertible Notes") were dilutive and included in the diluted income per share calculation. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the numerator used in the computation of diluted earnings per share included net income for the period adjusted for interest after tax on convertible debentures and amortization of debt issuance costs of $1.7 million and $5.2 million, respectively.

7. Revenue

Most of the Company's revenues are from oil sales at prices which reflect the blended prices received upon shipment by the purchaser at defined sales points or are defined by contract relative to ICE Brent and adjusted for Vasconia crude, quality and transportation discounts each month. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, 100% (three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 - 100%) of the Company's revenue resulted from oil sales. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, quality and transportation discounts were 13% and 14% respectively, of the ICE Brent price (three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 - 21% and 22%, respectively). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company's production was sold primarily to two major customers in Colombia (three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 - three).

As at September 30, 2018, accounts receivable included $8.9 million of accrued sales revenue related to September 2018 production (December 31, 2017 - $11.1 million related to December 31, 2017 production).

8. Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate was 24% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with 85% in the comparative period in 2017. Current income tax expense was higher in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared with the corresponding period in 2017, primarily as a result of higher taxable income in Colombia. The deferred income tax recovery of $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to the impact of the release of a portion of the valuation allowance in Colombia, partially offset by the excess tax depreciation compared with accounting depreciation in Colombia.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the difference between the effective tax rate of 24% and the 21% U.S. statutory rate was primarily due to the impact of foreign taxes, which was partially offset by a decrease in the valuation allowance and other permanent differences.

For the comparative period in 2017, the 85% effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of foreign taxes and an increase in the valuation allowance, which were partially offset by other permanent differences.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") was enacted in the US on December 22, 2017. The Act reduced the US federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from 35%, required companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings. In 2017, the Company recorded provisional amounts for the enactment-date effects of the Act that included adjusting deferred tax assets (before valuation allowance), by applying the guidance in SAB 118, because it had not yet completed its enactment-date accounting for these effects. In the period ended September 30, 2018, the Company filed its US Federal 2017 tax return, whereby the provisional amounts recorded in 2017 were finalized and closed. The changes to the 2017 enactment-date provisional amounts resulted in a $9.4 million increased Foreign Tax Credit carryover balance, which was fully offset by a corresponding increase in the related valuation allowance.

9. Contingencies

The Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos (National Hydrocarbons Agency) ("ANH") and Gran Tierra are engaged in ongoing discussions regarding the interpretation of whether certain transportation and related costs are eligible to be deducted in the calculation of an additional royalty (the "HPR royalty"). Based on the Company's understanding of the ANH's position, the estimated compensation which would be payable if the ANH’s interpretation is correct could be up to $53.7 million as at September 30, 2018. At this time no amount has been accrued in the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as Gran Tierra does not consider it probable that a loss will be incurred.

In addition to the above, the Company has a number of other lawsuits and claims pending. Although the outcome of these other lawsuits and disputes cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes the resolution of these matters would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Gran Tierra records costs associated with these lawsuits and claims as they are incurred or become probable and determinable.

Letters of credit and other credit support

At September 30, 2018, the Company had provided letters of credit and other credit support totaling $78.3 million (December 31, 2017 - $76.0 million) as security relating to work commitment guarantees contained in exploration contracts and other capital or operating requirements.

10. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurement

Financial Instruments

At September 30, 2018, the Company’s financial instruments recognized in the balance sheet consisted of: cash and cash equivalents; restricted cash and cash equivalents; accounts receivable; investments; derivatives, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, long-term debt and equity compensation award liability.

Fair Value Measurement

The fair value of certain investments, derivatives and equity compensation awards (PSU and DSU) liabilities are remeasured at the estimated fair value at the end of each reporting period.

The fair value of the short-term portion of the Company's investment in PetroTal Corp. ("PetroTal") (formerly Sterling Resources Ltd.) was estimated using quoted prices from Canadian public markets, including the TSX Venture Exchange and alternative trading platforms, at September 30, 2018 and the foreign exchange rate at that time. The fair value of the long-term portion of the investment restricted by escrow conditions was estimated using observable and unobservable inputs; factors that were evaluated included quoted market prices, precedent comparable transactions, risk-free rate, measures of market risk volatility, estimates of the Company's and PetroTal's costs of capital and quotes from third parties.

The fair value of commodity price and foreign currency derivatives is estimated based on various factors, including quoted market prices in active markets and quotes from third parties. The Company also performs an internal valuation to ensure the reasonableness of third party quotes. In consideration of counterparty credit risk, the Company assessed the possibility of whether the counterparty to the derivative would default by failing to make any contractually required payments. Additionally, the Company considers that it is of substantial credit quality and has the financial resources and willingness to meet its potential repayment obligations associated with the derivative transactions.

The fair value of the PSU liability was estimated based on option pricing model using inputs such as quoted market prices in an active market, and PSU performance factors. The fair value of the DSU liabilities was estimated based on quoted market prices in an active market.

The fair value of the Company's investment in PetroTal, derivatives and PSU and DSU liabilities at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, was as follows:



(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	As at September 30, 2018		As at December 31, 2017
Investment in PetroTal shares - current and long-term	$	55,231	$	44,202
Foreign currency derivative asset	100		302
	$	55,331	$	44,504

Commodity price derivative liability	$	17,688	$	21,151
Equity compensation award liability - current and long-term	31,182		11,430
	$	48,870	$	32,581

The following table presents gains or losses on financial instruments recognized in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Commodity price derivative loss (gain)	$	929		$	2,489		$	20,384		$	(3,759	)
Foreign currency derivatives loss (gain)	525			(814		)	(1,499		)	(1,452		)
Investment gain	(6,328		)	—			(12,045		)	—
Financial instruments (gain) loss	$	(4,874	)	$	1,675		$	6,840		$	(5,211	)

Investment gain for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, related to the fair value gain on the PetroTal shares Gran Tierra received or subscribed for in connection with the sale of its Peru business unit in December 2017. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, this investment gain was unrealized.

Financial instruments not recorded at fair value include the Senior Notes and the Convertible Notes. At September 30, 2018, the carrying amounts of the Senior Notes and the Convertible Notes were $288.9 million and $111.8 million, respectively, which represented the aggregate principal amount less unamortized debt issuance costs, and the fair values were $293.8 million and $153.3 million, respectively. The fair value of long-term restricted cash and cash equivalents and the revolving credit facility approximated their carrying value because interest rates are variable and reflective of market rates. The fair values of other financial instruments approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy consists of three broad levels. Level 1 inputs consist of quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and have the highest priority. Level 2 and 3 inputs are based on significant other observable inputs and significant unobservable inputs, respectively, and have lower priorities. The Company uses appropriate valuation techniques based on the available inputs to measure the fair values of assets and liabilities.

At September 30, 2018, the fair value of the current portion of the investment and DSU liability was determined using Level 1 inputs, the fair value of derivatives and PSUs was determined using Level 2 inputs and the fair value of the long-term portion of the investment restricted by escrow conditions was determined using Level 3 inputs. The table below presents the fair value of the long-term portion of the investment:



	Nine Months Ended			Year Ended
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Opening balance, investment - long-term	$	19,147		$	—
Acquisition	—			19,091
Transfer from long-term (Level 3) to current (Level 1)	(4,787		)	—
Unrealized valuation gain	5,332			56
Unrealized foreign exchange loss	(2,069		)	—
Closing balance, investment - long-term	$	17,623		$	19,147

The Company uses available market data and valuation methodologies to estimate the fair value of debt. The fair value of debt is the estimated amount the Company would have to pay a third party to assume the debt, including a credit spread for the difference between the issue rate and the period end market rate. The credit spread is the Company’s default or repayment risk. The credit spread (premium or discount) is determined by comparing the Company’s Senior Notes, Convertible Notes and revolving credit facility to new issuances (secured and unsecured) and secondary trades of similar size and credit statistics for both public and private debt. The disclosure above regarding the fair value of the Convertible Notes was determined using Level 2 inputs based on the indicative pricing published by certain third-party services or trading levels of the Convertible Notes, which are not listed on any securities exchange or quoted on an inter-dealer automated quotation system. The disclosure in the paragraph above regarding the fair value of cash and restricted cash and cash equivalents, revolving credit facility and Senior Notes was based on Level 1 inputs.

The Company’s non-recurring fair value measurements include asset retirement obligations. The fair value of an asset retirement obligation is measured by reference to the expected future cash outflows required to satisfy the retirement obligation discounted at the Company’s credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate. The significant level 3 inputs used to calculate such liabilities include estimates of costs to be incurred, the Company’s credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate, inflation rates and estimated dates of abandonment. Accretion expense is recognized over time as the discounted liabilities are accreted to their expected settlement value, while the asset retirement cost is amortized over the estimated productive life of the related assets.

Commodity Price Derivatives

The Company utilizes commodity price derivatives to manage the variability in cash flows associated with the forecasted sale of its oil production, reduce commodity price risk and provide a base level of cash flow in order to assure it can execute at least a portion of its capital spending.

At September 30, 2018, the Company had outstanding commodity price derivative positions as follows:



Period and type of instrument	Volume, bopd	Reference	Sold Swap ($/bbl, Weighted Average)		Purchased Call ($/bbl, Weighted Average)
Swaps: October 1, to December 31, 2018	5,000	ICE Brent	$	55.90	n/a
Participating Swaps: October 1, to December 31, 2018	5,000	ICE Brent	$	52.50	$	56.11

The Company does not have any outstanding commodity price derivative positions relating to 2019.

Foreign Currency Derivatives

The Company utilizes foreign currency derivatives to manage the variability in cash flows associated with the Company's forecasted Colombian peso ("COP") denominated expenses. At September 30, 2018, the Company had outstanding foreign currency derivative positions as follows:



Period and type of instrument	Amount Hedged (Millions COP)	U.S. Dollar Equivalent of Amount Hedged (Thousands of U.S. Dollars)⁽¹⁾	Reference	Purchased Call (COP)	Sold Put (COP, Weighted Average)
Collars: October 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018	43,500	14,636	COP	3,000	3,107

⁽¹⁾At September 30, 2018 foreign exchange rate.

11. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents with the Company's interim unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the interim unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:



(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	As at September 30,				As at December 31,
	2018		2017		2017		2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	130,158	$	15,125	$	12,326	$	25,175
Restricted cash and cash equivalents - current	1,228		3,920		11,787		8,322
Restricted cash and cash equivalents - long-term (included in other long-term assets)	2,250		10,332		2,565		9,770
	$	133,636	$	29,377	$	26,678	$	43,267

Net changes in assets and liabilities from operating activities were as follows:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	2018			2017
Accounts receivable and other long-term assets	$	(35,934	)	$	8,356
Derivatives	21,645			—
Inventory	(3,375		)	(28		)
Prepaids	489			3,080
Accounts payable and accrued and other long-term liabilities	5,380			5,951
Taxes receivable and payable	(28,857		)	(45,464		)
Net changes in assets and liabilities from operating activities	$	(40,652	)	$	(28,105	)

The following table provides additional supplemental cash flow disclosures:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	2018		2017
Non-cash investing activities:
Net liabilities related to property, plant and equipment, end of period	$	100,790	$	68,018

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the "Financial Statements" as set out in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as the "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" and "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in Part II, Items 8 and 7, respectively, of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2018. Please see the cautionary language at the beginning of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q regarding the identification of and risks relating to forward-looking statements, as well as Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Financial and Operational Highlights

Key Highlights for the third quarter of 2018


•	Achieved a new company milestone: Colombia working interest production before royalties of 36,170 BOEPD, 11% higher compared with 32,570 BOEPD in the third quarter of 2017. Production increased largely because of production from development activities in the Acordionero Field.


•	The quarter's Colombia production also increased 60% from second quarter 2015 when the strategy to refocus Gran Tierra on Colombia began, an annual growth rate of 20%.

•

Since acquiring the Acordionero field in the Middle Magdalena Valley ("MMV") in August 2016, we have increased production 299% to a record high average rate during the quarter of 18,885 bopd (14,890 bopd NAR). From the acquisition date of August 23, 2016, until September 30, 2018, the MMV assets have generated $419.8 million in oil and natural gas sales, operating netback of $327.2 million while incurring capital expenditures of $229.8 million


•	Production NAR was 28,599 BOEPD, 4% higher than the third quarter of 2017.


•	Continued significant exposure to oil price strength with oil representing 100% of our production.


•	Oil and natural gas sales volumes were 28,659 BOEPD, 4% higher than the third quarter of 2017. The quarter's increase in oil and gas sales volumes was driven by the production increase (3,600 bopd) and a change in inventory (128 bopd), partially offset by higher royalties (2,516 bopd) due to higher oil prices.


•	Net income was $75.3 million compared with $3.1 million in the third quarter of 2017.


•	Funds flow from operations⁽¹⁾ increased by 54% to $85.0 million compared with the third quarter of 2017, while the Brent price increased only 46% from the third quarter of 2017.


•	Active quarter with capital expenditures of $101.5 million.


•	Oil and gas sales per BOE were $66.42, 62% higher than the third quarter of 2017.


•	Operating netback⁽²⁾ per BOE was $47.41, 70% higher than the third quarter of 2017.


•	Operating expenses per BOE were $11.19, 29% higher than the third quarter of 2017 as a result of higher power generation costs ($0.74 per bbl) and field operation maintenance activities (0.94 per bbl).


•	Workover expenses increased by 133% to $4.97 per bbl compared to the third quarter of 2017. During the quarter, we replaced 9 electric submersible pumps which had an average run life of 243 days.


•	Quality and transportation discount was $9.55 per BOE compared with $11.09 per BOE in the third quarter of 2017; this $1.54 per BOE reduction resulted from the optimization of transportation routes and narrowing of differentials.


•	Transportation expenses per BOE were $2.85, 19% higher compared with the third quarter of 2017. The increase was due to the increased use of alternative transportation routes, which had higher costs per BOE.


•	General and administrative ("G&A") expenses before stock-based compensation per BOE decreased by 49% to $1.40 per BOE compared with the third quarter of 2017.


•	Exited the quarter with $130.2 million of cash and cash equivalents.


•	In addition, subsequent to September 30, 2018, our Common Stock was admitted to list on the London Stock Exchange.

•

Subsequent to the quarter there was an act of sabotage to one of our flow lines close to the Costayaco operations, Villagarzon, Putumayo. No one from Gran Tierra Energy or the local communities were injured however; three members of the Civil Defense authorities did sustain minor injuries. The damage to the flow line was repaired and back in operation within 24-hours. The appropriate authorities are investigating those responsible and the company is cooperating fully with the authorities in their investigation.

⁽¹⁾Funds flow from operations and operating netback are non-GAAP measures which do not have any standardized meaning prescribed under GAAP. Refer to the non-GAAP measures disclosure below for a definition and reconciliation of these measures.



(Thousands of U.S. Dollars, unless otherwise indicated)	Three Months Ended September 30,								Three Months Ended June 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			% Change		2018			2018			2017			% Change
Average Daily Volumes (BOEPD)
Consolidated
Working Interest Production Before Royalties	36,170			32,570			11		35,400			35,553			31,305			14
Royalties	(7,571		)	(5,055		)	(50	)	(7,202		)	(7,222		)	(5,052		)	(43	)
Production NAR	28,599			27,515			4		28,198			28,331			26,253			8
Decrease (Increase) in Inventory	60			(68		)	188		(296		)	(403		)	(64		)	(530	)
Sales⁽¹⁾	28,659			27,447			4		27,902			27,928			26,189			7

Colombia
Working Interest Production Before Royalties	36,170			32,570			11		35,400			35,553			30,398			17
Royalties	(7,571		)	(5,055		)	(50	)	(7,202		)	(7,222		)	(4,914		)	(47	)
Production NAR	28,599			27,515			4		28,198			28,331			25,484			11
Decrease (Increase) in Inventory	60			(68		)	188		(296		)	(403		)	(70		)	(476	)
Sales⁽¹⁾	28,659			27,447			4		27,902			27,928			25,414			10

Net Income	$	75,295		$	3,130		—		$	20,300		$	113,456		$	9,094		—

Operating Netback
Oil and Natural Gas Sales	$	175,118		$	103,768		69		$	163,446		$	476,792		$	294,555		62
Operating Expenses	(29,511		)	(21,931		)	35		(26,732		)	(78,019		)	(60,547		)	29
Workover Expenses	(13,106		)	(5,390		)	143		(8,327		)	(25,922		)	(17,919		)	45
Transportation Expenses	(7,505		)	(6,038		)	24		(6,522		)	(21,024		)	(19,472		)	8
Operating Netback⁽²⁾	$	124,996		$	70,409		78		$	121,865		$	351,827		$	196,617		79

G&A Expenses Before Stock-Based Compensation	$	3,679		$	6,965		(47	)	$	5,593		$	17,254		$	22,138		(22	)
G&A Stock-Based Compensation	10,132			1,686			501		6,609			19,919			4,738			320
G&A Expenses, Including Stock-Based Compensation	$	13,811		$	8,651		60		$	12,202		$	37,173		$	26,876		38

EBITDA⁽²⁾	$	116,668		$	60,491		93		$	102,278		$	307,534		$	163,663		88

Funds Flow From Operations⁽²⁾	$	85,015		$	55,128		54		$	94,549		$	254,312		$	151,074		68

Capital Expenditures	$	101,463		$	71,694		42		$	84,394		$	258,551		$	175,719		47



	As at
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		% Change
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	130,158	$	12,326	956

Revolving Credit Facility	$	—	$	148,000	(100	)

Senior Notes	$	300,000	$	—	—

Convertible Notes	$	115,000	$	115,000	—

⁽¹⁾Sales volumes represent production NAR adjusted for inventory changes.

⁽²⁾Non-GAAP measures

Operating netback, EBITDA and funds flow from operations are non-GAAP measures which do not have any standardized meaning prescribed under GAAP. Management views these measures as financial performance measures. Investors are cautioned that these measures should not be construed as alternatives to net income or other measures of financial performance as determined in accordance with GAAP. Our method of calculating these measures may differ from other companies and, accordingly, may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies. Each non-GAAP financial measure is presented along with the corresponding GAAP measure so as not to imply that more emphasis should be placed on the non-GAAP measure.

Operating netback, as presented, is defined as oil and natural gas sales less operating and transportation expenses. Management believes that operating netback is a useful supplemental measure for management and investors to analyze financial performance and provides an indication of the results generated by our principal business activities prior to the consideration of other income and expenses. A reconciliation from oil and natural gas sales to operating netback is provided in the table above.

EBITDA, as presented, is defined as net income adjusted for depletion, depreciation and accretion ("DD&A") expenses, interest expense and income tax (recovery) expense. Management uses this supplemental measure to analyze performance and income generated by our principal business activities prior to the consideration of how non-cash items affect that income, and believes that this financial measure is useful supplemental information for investors to analyze our performance and our financial results. A reconciliation from net income to EBITDA is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	2018			2017		2018		2018		2017
Net income	$	75,295		$	3,130	$	20,300	$	113,456	$	9,094
Adjustments to reconcile net income to EBITDA
DD&A expenses	51,630			35,279		46,607		137,698		93,968
Interest expense	7,404			3,989		7,375		20,274		10,415
Income tax (recovery) expense	(17,661		)	18,093		27,996		36,106		50,186
EBITDA (non-GAAP)	116,668			60,491		102,278		307,534		163,663

Funds flow from operations, as presented, is defined as net income adjusted for DD&A expenses, deferred tax (recovery) expense, stock-based compensation expense, amortization of debt issuance costs, cash settlement of RSUs, unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses, financial instruments gains or losses, cash settlement of financial instruments and loss on sale. Management uses this financial measure to analyze performance and income generated by our principal business activities prior to the consideration of how non-cash items affect that income or loss, and believes that this financial measure is also useful supplemental information for investors to analyze performance and our financial results. A reconciliation from net income to funds flow from operations is as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended June 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)	2018			2017			2018			2018			2017
Net income	$	75,295		$	3,130		$	20,300		113,456			$	9,094
Adjustments to reconcile net income to funds flow from operations
DD&A expenses	51,630			35,279			46,607			137,698			93,968
Deferred tax (recovery) expense	(36,769		)	13,760			23,169			(118		)	36,664
Stock-based compensation expense	10,275			1,752			6,893			20,477			4,935
Amortization of debt issuance costs	816			643			843			2,329			1,868
Cash settlement of RSUs	—			(33		)	(240		)	(360		)	(534		)
Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss	(672		)	(1,380		)	1,583			(133		)	(304		)
Financial instruments (gain) loss	(4,874		)	1,675			4,768			6,840			(5,211		)
Cash settlement of financial instruments	(10,686		)	302			(9,666		)	(26,169		)	1,518
Loss on sale	—			—			292			292			9,076
Funds flow from operations (non-GAAP)	$	85,015		$	55,128		$	94,549		$	254,312		$	151,074

Additional Operational Results



	Three Months Ended September 30,								Three Months Ended June 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			% Change		2018			2018			2017			% Change
(Thousands of U.S. Dollars)
Oil and natural gas sales	$	175,118		$	103,768		69		$	163,446		$	476,792		$	294,555		62
Operating expenses	29,511			21,931			35		26,732			78,019			60,547			29
Workover expenses	13,106			5,390			143		8,327			25,922			17,919			45
Transportation expenses	7,505			6,038			24		6,522			21,024			19,472			8
Operating netback⁽¹⁾	124,996			70,409			78		121,865			351,827			196,617			79

DD&A expenses	51,630			35,279			46		46,607			137,698			93,968			47
G&A expenses before stock-based compensation	3,679			6,965			(47	)	5,593			17,254			22,138			(22	)
G&A stock-based compensation expense	10,132			1,686			501		6,609			19,919			4,738			320
Severance expenses	1,004			1,164			(14	)	1,011			2,015			1,164			73
Equity tax	—			—			—		—			—			1,224			(100	)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	(888		)	(1,271		)	30		1,924			94			779			(88	)
Financial instruments (gain) loss	(4,874		)	1,675			(391	)	4,768			6,840			(5,211		)	231
Interest expense	7,404			3,989			86		7,375			20,274			10,415			95
	68,087			49,487			38		73,887			204,094			129,215			58

Loss on sale	—			—			—		(292		)	(292		)	(9,076		)	(97	)
Interest income	725			301			141		610			2,121			954			122

Income before income taxes	57,634			21,223			172		48,296			149,562			59,280			152

Current income tax expense	19,108			4,333			341		4,827			36,224			13,522			168



Deferred income tax (recovery) expense	(36,769		)	13,760			(367	)	23,169			(118		)	36,664			(100	)
	(17,661		)	18,093			(198	)	27,996			36,106			50,186			(28	)
Net income	$	75,295		$	3,130		—		$	20,300		$	113,456		$	9,094		—

Sales Volumes (NAR)
Total sales volumes, BOEPD	28,659			27,447			4		27,902			27,928			26,189			7

Brent Price per bbl	$	75.97		$	52.18		46		$	74.90		$	72.68		$	52.59		38

Consolidated Results of Operations per BOE Sales Volumes NAR
Oil and natural gas sales	$	66.42		$	41.09		62		$	64.37		$	62.54		$	41.20		52
Operating expenses	11.19			8.69			29		10.53			10.23			8.46			21
Workover expenses	4.97			2.13			133		3.28			3.40			2.51			35
Transportation expenses	2.85			2.39			19		2.57			2.76			2.72			1
Operating netback⁽¹⁾	47.41			27.88			70		47.99			46.15			27.51			68

DD&A expenses	19.58			13.97			40		18.36			18.06			13.14			37
G&A expenses before stock-based compensation	1.40			2.76			(49	)	2.20			2.26			3.10			(27	)
G&A stock-based compensation expense	3.84			0.67			473		2.60			2.61			0.66			295
Severance expenses	0.38			0.46			(17	)	0.40			0.26			0.16			63
Equity tax	—			—			—		—			—			0.17			(100	)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	(0.34		)	(0.50		)	32		0.76			0.01			0.11			(91	)
Financial instruments (gain) loss	(1.85		)	0.66			(380	)	1.88			0.90			(0.73		)	223
Interest expense	2.81			1.58			78		2.90			2.66			1.46			82
	25.82			19.60			32		29.10			26.76			18.07			48

Loss on sale	—			—			—		(0.12		)	(0.04		)	(1.27		)	(97	)
Interest income	0.27			0.12			125		0.24			0.28			0.13			115

Income before income taxes	21.86			8.40			160		19.01			19.63			8.30			137
Current income tax expense	7.25			1.72			322		1.90			4.75			1.89			151
Deferred income tax (recovery) expense	(13.95		)	5.45			(356	)	9.12			(0.02		)	5.13			(100	)
	(6.70		)	7.17			(193	)	11.02			4.73			7.02			(33	)
Net income	$	28.56		$	1.23		—		$	7.99		$	14.90		$	1.28		—

⁽¹⁾Operating netback is a non-GAAP measure which does not have any standardized meaning prescribed under GAAP. Refer to "Financial and Operational Highlights—non-GAAP measures" for a definition and reconciliation of this measure.

Oil and Gas Production and Sales Volumes, BOEPD