Edgar Filing: KRONOS INTERNATIONAL INC

Form 10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

x	Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934:

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011

Commission file number 333-100047

KRONOS INTERNATIONAL, INC

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

DELAWARE

22-2949593

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(IRS Employer Identification No.)

5430 LBJ Freeway, Suite 1700

Dallas, Texas 75240-2697

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (972) 233-1700

No securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

No securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

Indicate by check mark:

If the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x

If the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x

Whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).


Large accelerated filer ¨		Accelerated filer ¨		Non-accelerated filer x		Smaller reporting company ¨

Whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x

No common stock was held by nonaffiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2011 (the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently-completed second fiscal quarter).

As of February 29, 2012, 2,968 shares of the Registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

The Registrant is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kronos Worldwide, Inc. (File No. 1-31763) and meets the conditions set forth in General Instructions I(1) (a) and (b) and is therefore filing this Form 10-K with the reduced disclosure format.

Documents incorporated by reference

None.

Forward-Looking Information

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. Statements in this Annual Report that are not historical facts are forward-looking in nature and represent management’s beliefs and assumptions based on currently available information. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “believes,” “intends,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “anticipates,” “expects” or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategies or trends. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we do not know if these expectations will be correct. Such statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could significantly impact expected results. Actual future results could differ materially from those predicted. The factors that could cause actual future results to differ materially from those described herein are the risks and uncertainties discussed in this Annual Report and those described from time to time in our other filings with the SEC include, but are not limited to, the following:

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Future supply and demand for our products

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The extent of the dependence of certain of our businesses on certain market sectors

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The cyclicality of our business

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Customer inventory levels

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Changes in raw material and other operating costs (such as energy and ore costs)

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Changes in the availability of raw material (such as ore)

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General global economic and political conditions (such as changes in the level of gross domestic product in various regions of the world and the impact of such changes on demand for TiO₂)

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Competitive products and substitute products

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Customer and competitor strategies

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Potential consolidation of our competitors

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The impact of pricing and production decisions

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Competitive technology positions

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The introduction of trade barriers

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Possible disruption of our business, or increases in our cost of doing business resulting from terrorist activities or global conflicts

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Fluctuations in currency exchange rates (such as changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and each of the euro and the Norwegian krone), or possible disruptions to our business resulting from potential instability resulting from uncertainties associated with the euro

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Operating interruptions (including, but not limited to, labor disputes, leaks, natural disasters, fires, explosions, unscheduled or unplanned downtime and transportation interruptions)

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Our ability to renew or refinance credit facilities

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Our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity

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The ultimate outcome of income tax audits, tax settlement initiatives or other tax matters

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Our ability to utilize income tax attributes, the benefits of which have been recognized under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria

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Environmental matters (such as those requiring compliance with emission and discharge standards for existing and new facilities)

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Government laws and regulations and possible changes therein

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Possible future litigation.

Should one or more of these risks materialize (or the consequences of such a development worsen), or should the underlying assumptions prove

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incorrect, actual results could differ materially from those forecasted or expected. We disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of changes in information, future events or otherwise.

PART I

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS

General

Kronos International, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is a leading global producer and marketer of value-added titanium dioxide pigments, or TiO₂, a base industrial product used in a wide range of applications. We, along with our distributors and agents, sell and provide technical services for our products to over 3,000 customers in approximately 100 countries with the majority of sales in Europe. We believe we have developed considerable expertise and efficiency in the manufacture, sale, shipment and service of our products in international markets.

TiO₂ is a white inorganic pigment used in a wide range of products for its exceptional ability to impart whiteness, brightness, opacity and durability. TiO₂ is a critical component of everyday applications, such as coatings, plastics and paper, as well as many specialty products such as inks, food and cosmetics. TiO₂ is widely considered to be superior to alternative white pigments in large part due to its hiding power (or opacity), which is the ability to cover or mask other materials effectively and efficiently. TiO₂ is designed, marketed and sold based on specific end-use applications.

TiO₂ is the largest commercially used whitening pigment because it has a high refractive rating giving it more hiding power than any other commercially produced white pigment. In addition, TiO₂ has excellent resistance to interaction with other chemicals, good thermal stability and resistance to ultraviolet degradation. Although there are other white pigments on the market, we believe there are no effective substitutes for TiO₂ because no other white pigment has the physical properties for achieving comparable opacity and brightness or can be incorporated in as cost-effective a manner. Pigment extenders such as kaolin clays, calcium carbonate and polymeric opacifiers are used together with TiO₂ in a number of end-use markets. However, these products are not able to duplicate the opacity performance characteristics of TiO₂ and we believe these products are unlikely to have a significant impact on the use of TiO₂.

TiO₂is considered a “quality-of-life” product. Demand for TiO₂ has generally been driven by worldwide gross domestic product and has generally increased with rising standards of living in various regions of the world. According to industry estimates, TiO₂ consumption has grown at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 3.3% since 1990. Per capita consumption of TiO₂ in the United States and Western Europe far exceeds that in other areas of the world, and these regions are expected to continue to be the largest consumers of TiO₂. We believe that North America and Western Europe currently account for approximately 16% and 22% of global TiO₂ consumption, respectively. Markets for TiO₂ are increasing in South America, Eastern Europe, the Far East and China and we believe these are significant markets that will continue to grow as economies in these regions continue to develop and quality-of-life products, including TiO₂, experience greater demand.

In recent years, global production capacity for TiO₂ has modestly increased due primarily to debottlenecking existing production facilities. However, during 2008 and 2009 several TiO₂ manufacturers permanently reduced capacity at high operating cost facilities in Europe, North America and China, in part in connection with environmental-related issues. Decreased capacity,

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along with the decline in customer inventories which occurred in the first half of 2009, led to industry-wide tightness in TiO₂ inventories. As a result of these factors, TiO₂ selling prices began to increase in the second half of 2009, and continued to increase during 2010 and 2011. Further increases in TiO₂ selling prices are expected to be implemented in 2012.

We are registered in the Commercial Register of the Federal Republic of Germany. We are a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kronos Worldwide, Inc. (NYSE: KRO; “Kronos”). At December 31, 2011, (i) Valhi, Inc. (NYSE: VHI) held approximately 50% of Kronos’ common stock and NL Industries, Inc. (NYSE: NL) held approximately 30% of Kronos’ common stock, (ii) Valhi held approximately 83% of NL’s outstanding common stock and (iii) Contran Corporation and its subsidiaries held approximately 95% of Valhi’s outstanding common stock. Substantially all of Contran’s outstanding voting stock is held by trusts established for the benefit of certain children and grandchildren of Harold C. Simmons (for which Mr. Simmons is trustee), or is held by Mr. Simmons or other persons or entities related to Mr. Simmons. Consequently, Mr. Simmons may be deemed to control all of these companies.

In November, 2010, Kronos completed a secondary public offering of 17.94 million shares of Kronos common stock. Upon completion of the offering, the Valhi consolidated aggregate ownership of Kronos was reduced from 95.2% (59.2% held by Valhi directly and 36.0% held by NL directly) to 80.4% (50.0% held by Valhi directly and 30.4% held by NL directly). We did not receive any of the net proceeds from such offering.

Products and End-Use Markets

We, including our predecessors, have produced and marketed TiO₂ in Europe, our primary market, for over 90 years. We believe we are the largest producer of TiO₂ in Europe with over three-fourths of our sales volumes attributable to markets in Europe.

We believe we are the leading seller of TiO₂ in several countries, including Germany, with an estimated 7% share of worldwide TiO₂ sales volume in 2011.

We offer our customers a broad portfolio of products that include over 40 different TiO₂ pigment grades under the Kronos^® trademark which provide a variety of performance properties to meet customers’ specific requirements. Our major customers include domestic and international paint, plastics, decorative laminate and paper manufacturers. We ship TiO₂ to our customers in either a powder or slurry form via rail, truck or ocean carrier. Sales of our core TiO₂ pigments represented approximately 89% of our net sales in 2011. We and our agents and distributors primarily sell and provide technical services for our products in three major end-use markets: coatings, plastics and paper. The following tables show our approximate sales volume by geographic region and end use for the year ended December 31, 2011:


Sales Volumes Percentages by Geographic Region			Sales Volumes Percentages by End Use

Europe	79	%	Coatings	50	%
North America	1	%	Plastics	36	%
Asia Pacific	14	%	Paper	8	%
Rest of World	6	%	Other	6	%

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Some of the principal applications for our products include the following:

TiO₂for Coatings—Our TiO₂ is used to provide opacity, durability, tinting strength and brightness in industrial coatings, as well as coatings for home interiors and exteriors, automobiles, aircraft, machines, appliances, traffic paint and other special purpose coatings. The amount of TiO₂ used in coatings varies widely depending on the opacity, color and quality desired. Generally, the higher the opacity requirement of the coating, the greater the TiO₂ content.

TiO₂ for Plastics—We produce TiO₂ pigments that improve the optical and physical properties in plastics, including whiteness and opacity. TiO₂ is used to provide opacity in items such as containers and packaging materials, and vinyl products such as windows, door profiles and siding. TiO₂ also generally provides hiding power, neutral undertone, brightness and surface durability for housewares, appliances, toys, computer cases and food packages. TiO₂’s high brightness along with its opacity, is used in some engineering plastics to help mask their undesirable natural color. TiO₂ is also used in masterbatch, which is a concentrate of TiO₂ and other additives and is one of the largest uses for TiO₂ in the plastics end-use market. In masterbatch, the TiO₂ is dispersed at high concentrations into a plastic resin and is then used by manufacturers of plastic containers, bottles, packaging and agricultural films.

TiO₂for Paper—Our TiO₂ is used in the production of several types of paper, including laminate (decorative) paper, filled paper and coated paper to provide whiteness, brightness, opacity and color stability. Although we sell our TiO₂ to all segments of the paper end-use market, our primary focus is on the TiO₂ grades used in paper laminates, where several layers of paper are laminated together using melamine resin under high temperature and pressure. The top layer of paper contains TiO₂ and plastic resin and is the layer that is printed with decorative patterns. Paper laminates are used to replace materials such as wood and tile for such applications as counter tops, furniture and wallboard. TiO₂ is beneficial in these applications because it assists in preventing the material from fading or changing color after prolonged exposure to sunlight and other weathering agents.

TiO₂ for Other Applications—We produce TiO₂ to improve the opacity and hiding power of printing inks. TiO₂ allows inks to achieve very high print quality while not interfering with the technical requirements of printing machinery, including low abrasion, high printing speed and high temperatures. Our TiO₂ is also used in textile applications where TiO₂ functions as an opacifying and delustering agent. In man-made fibers such as rayon and polyester, TiO₂ corrects an otherwise undesirable glossy and translucent appearance. Without the presence of TiO₂, these materials would be unsuitable for use in many textile applications.

We produce high purity sulfate process anatase TiO₂ used to provide opacity, whiteness and brightness in a variety of cosmetic and personal care products, such as skin cream, lipstick, eye shadow and toothpaste. Our TiO₂ is also found in food products, such as candy and confectionaries, and in pet foods where it is used to obtain uniformity of color and appearance. In pharmaceuticals, our TiO₂ is used commonly as a colorant in pill and capsule coatings as well as in liquid medicines to provide uniformity of color and appearance. Kronos^® purified anatase grades meet the applicable requirements of the CTFA (Cosmetics, Toiletries and Fragrances Association), USP and BP (United States Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia) and the FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration).

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Our TiO₂ business is enhanced by the following three complementary businesses, which comprised approximately 11% of our net sales in 2011:

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We own and operate two ilmenite mines in Norway pursuant to a governmental concession with an unlimited term. We commenced production from our second mine in 2009. Ilmenite is a raw material used directly as a feedstock by some sulfate-process TiO₂ plants. We believe we have a significant competitive advantage because our mines supply our feedstock requirements for all of our European sulfate-process plants. We also sell ilmenite ore to third-parties, some of whom are our competitors. The mines have estimated ilmenite reserves that are expected to last at least 50 years.

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We manufacture and sell iron-based chemicals, which are co-products and processed co-products of the sulfate and chloride process TiO₂ pigment production. These co-product chemicals are marketed through our Ecochem division and are primarily used as treatment and conditioning agents for industrial effluents and municipal wastewater as well as in the manufacture of iron pigments, cement and agricultural products.

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We manufacture and sell titanium oxychloride and titanyl sulfate, which are side-stream specialty products from the production of TiO₂. Titanium oxychloride is used in specialty applications in the formulation of pearlescent pigments, production of electroceramic capacitors for cell phones and other electronic devices. Titanyl sulfate productions are used in pearlescent pigments, natural gas pipe and other specialty applications.

Manufacturing, Operations and Properties

We produce TiO₂ in two crystalline forms: rutile and anatase. Rutile TiO₂ is manufactured using both a chloride production process and a sulfate production process, whereas anatase TiO₂ is only produced using a sulfate production process. Manufacturers of many end-use applications can use either form, especially during periods of TiO₂ supply tightness. The chloride process is the preferred form for use in coatings and plastics, the two largest end-use markets. Due to environmental factors and customer considerations, the proportion of TiO₂ industry sales represented by chloride process pigments has increased relative to sulfate process pigments and in 2011, chloride process production facilities represented approximately 55% of industry capacity. The sulfate process is preferred for use in selected paper products, ceramics, rubber tires, man-made fibers, food and cosmetics. Once an intermediate TiO₂ pigment has been produced by either the chloride or sulfate process, it is “finished” into products with specific performance characteristics for particular end-use applications through proprietary processes involving various chemical surface treatments and intensive micronizing (milling).

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Chloride Process—The chloride process is a continuous process in which chlorine is used to extract rutile TiO₂. This process has also gained market share over the sulfate process because of the relatively lower upfront capital investment in plant and equipment required. The chloride process produces less waste than the sulfate process because much of the chlorine is recycled and feedstock bearing higher titanium content is used. The chloride process also has lower energy requirements and is less labor-intensive than the sulfate process. The chloride process produces an intermediate base pigment with a wide range of properties.

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Sulfate Process—The Sulfate process is a batch process in which sulfuric acid is used to extract the TiO₂ from ilmenite or

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titanium slag. After separation from the impurities in the ore (mainly iron) the TiO₂ is precipitated and calcined to form an intermediate base pigment ready for sale or can be upgraded through finishing treatments.

We produced 371,000 metric tons of TiO₂ in 2011, up from the 349,000 metric tons we produced in 2010. Our TiO₂ production in 2011 was a new record for us. Our average production capacity utilization rates were at full capacity in 2010 and 2011 and approximately 71% in 2009. In late 2008, and as a result of the sharp decline in global demand, we experienced a build up in our inventory levels. In order to decrease our inventory levels and improve our liquidity, we implemented production curtailments during the first half of 2009. Consequently, our average production capacity utilization rates were approximately 51% during the first half of 2009 as compared to 92% during the second half of 2009.

We operate four TiO₂ plants in Europe (one in each of Leverkusen, Germany; Nordenham, Germany; Langerbrugge, Belgium; and Fredrikstad, Norway). We operate two ilmenite mines in Hauge i Dalane, Norway pursuant to a governmental concession.

Our production capacity in 2011 was 361,000 metric tons, approximately two-thirds of which was from the chloride production process. The following table presents the division of our expected 2012 manufacturing capacity by plant location and type of manufacturing process:


		% of Capacity by TiO₂ Manufacturing Process
Facility	Description	Chloride			Sulfate

Leverkusen, Germany (1)	TiO₂ production, chloride and sulfate process, co-products		65	%		30	%

Nordenham, Germany	TiO₂ production, sulfate process, co-products		—			46

Langerbrugge, Belgium	TiO₂ production, chloride process, co-products, titanium chemicals products		35			—

Fredrikstad, Norway (2)	TiO₂ production, sulfate process, co-products		—			24

Total			100	%		100	%

(1)

The Leverkusen facility is located within an extensive manufacturing complex owned by Bayer AG. We own the Leverkusen facility, which represents about one-half of our current TiO₂ production capacity, but we lease the land under the facility from Bayer under a long term agreement which expires in 2050. Lease payments are periodically negotiated with Bayer for periods of at least two years at a time. A majority-owned subsidiary of Bayer provides some raw materials, including chlorine, auxiliary and operating materials, utilities and services necessary to operate the Leverkusen facility under separate supplies and services agreements.

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(2)	The Fredrikstad plant is located on public land and is leased until April 2013 with an option to extend the lease for an additional 50 years.

We own the land underlying all of our principle production facilities unless otherwise indicated in the table above.

Our production capacity has increased by approximately 20% over the past ten years due to debottlenecking programs, with only moderate capital expenditures. We believe that our annual attainable production capacity for 2012 is approximately 370,000 metric tons and we currently expect we will operate at near full production capacity for the year.

We also operate two ilmenite mines in Norway pursuant to a governmental concession with an unlimited term. Our principal place of business is in Leverkusen, Germany.

We have various corporate and administrative offices located in Germany, Norway and Belgium and various sales offices located in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

Raw Materials

The primary raw materials used in chloride process TiO₂ are titanium-containing feedstock (natural rutile ore or purchased slag), chlorine and coke. Chlorine is available from a number of suppliers, while petroleum coke is available from a limited number of suppliers. Titanium-containing feedstock suitable for use in the chloride process is available from a limited but increasing number of suppliers principally in Australia, South Africa, Canada, India and the United States. We purchase chloride process grade slag from Rio Tinto Iron and Titanium under a long-term supply contract that expires at the end of 2016 and from Exxaro TSA Sands (PTY) LTD under a supply contract that expires in December 2012. We purchase upgraded slag from Q.I.T. Fer et Titane Inc. (a subsidiary of Rio Tinto Iron and Titanium) under a long-term supply contract that expires at the end of 2015. We purchase natural rutile ore primarily from Iluka Resources, Limited under contracts that expire in 2012. In the past we have been, and we expect that we will continue to be, successful in obtaining long-term extensions to these and other existing supply contracts prior to their expiration. We expect the raw materials purchased under these contracts to meet our chloride process feedstock requirements over the next several years.

The primary raw materials used in sulfate process TiO₂ are titanium-containing feedstock, primarily ilmenite or purchased sulfate grade slag and sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is available from a number of suppliers. Titanium-containing feedstock suitable for use in the sulfate process is available from a limited number of suppliers principally in Norway, Canada, Australia, India and South Africa. As one of the few vertically-integrated producers of sulfate process TiO₂, we operate two rock ilmenite mines in Norway, which provided all of the feedstock for our sulfate process TiO₂ plants in 2011. We expect ilmenite production from our mines to meet our sulfate process feedstock requirements for the foreseeable future.

Many of our raw material contracts contain fixed quantities we are required to purchase, or specify a range of quantities within which we are required to purchase. The pricing under these agreements is generally negotiated quarterly or semi-annually depending upon the suppliers.

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The following table summarizes our raw materials purchased or mined in 2011.


Production Process/Raw Material	Raw Materials Procured or Mined
	(In thousands of metric tons)

Chloride process plants:
Purchased slag or rutile ore		289

Sulfate process plants:
Ilmenite ore mined and used internally		326

Kronos U.S. (“KUS”), an affiliate and subsidiary of our parent company, has long-term supply contracts that provide for certain of its affiliates’, including us, TiO₂ feedstock requirements. KUS purchases the rutile and slag feedstock used as a raw material in all of our chloride process TiO₂ facilities. We purchase such feedstock from KUS for use in our facilities for an amount equal to the amount paid by KUS to the third-party supplier plus an administrative fee. See Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Sales and Marketing

Our marketing strategy is aimed at developing and maintaining strong customer relationships with new and existing accounts. Because TiO₂ represents a significant raw material cost for our customers, the purchasing decisions are often made by our customers’ senior management. We work to maintain close relationships with the key decision makers, through in-depth frequent in-person meetings. We endeavor to extend these commercial and technical relationships to multiple levels within our customers’ organization using our direct sales force and technical service group to accomplish this objective. We believe this has helped build customer loyalty to Kronos and strengthened our competitive position. Close cooperation and strong customer relationships enable us to stay closely attuned to trends in our customers’ businesses. Where appropriate, we work in conjunction with our customers to solve formulation or application problems by modifying specific product properties or developing new pigment grades. We also focus our sales and marketing efforts on those geographic and end-use market segments where we believe we can realize higher selling prices. This focus includes continuously reviewing and optimizing our customer and product portfolios.

Our marketing strategy is also aimed at working directly with customers to monitor the success of our products in their end-use applications, evaluate the need for improvements in product and process technology and identify opportunities to develop new product solutions for our customers. Our marketing staff closely coordinates with our sales force and technical specialists to ensure that the needs of our customers are met and to help develop and commercialize new grades where appropriate.

We sell a majority of our products through our direct sales force operating from six sales offices in Europe. We also utilize sales agents and distributors who are authorized to sell our products in specific geographic areas. Our sales efforts are conducted primarily through our direct sales force and our sales agents. Our agents do not sell any TiO₂ products other than Kronos^® brand products. In addition to our direct sales force and sales agents, many of our sales agents also act as distributors to service our smaller customers. We offer the same high level of customer and technical service to the customers who purchase our products through distributors as we offer to our larger customers serviced by our direct sales force.

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We sell to a diverse customer base and no single customer made up more than 10% of our sales for 2011. Our largest ten customers accounted for approximately 26% of sales in 2011.

Neither our business as a whole nor that of any of our principal product groups is seasonal to any significant extent. However, TiO₂ sales are generally higher in the second and third quarters of the year, due in part to the increase in paint production in the spring to meet demand during the spring and summer painting seasons. We have historically operated our production facilities at near full capacity rates throughout the entire year, which among other things helps to minimize our per-unit production costs. As a result, we normally will build inventories during the first and fourth quarters of each year, in order to maximize our product availability during the higher demand periods normally experienced in the second and third quarters.

Competition

The TiO₂ industry is highly competitive. We compete primarily on the basis of price, product quality, technical service and the availability of high performance pigment grades. Since TiO₂ is not a traded commodity, its pricing is largely a product of negotiation between suppliers and their respective customers. Although certain TiO₂ grades are considered specialty pigments, the majority of our grades and substantially all of our production are considered commodity pigments with price and availability being the most significant competitive factors along with quality and customer service. During 2011, we had an estimated 7% share of worldwide TiO₂ sales volume, and based on sales volumes, we believe we are the leading seller of TiO₂ in several countries, including Germany.

Our principal competitors are E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., or Dupont; Millennium Inorganic Chemicals, Inc. (a subsidiary of National Titanium Dioxide Company Ltd.), or Cristal; Huntsman Corporation; Tronox Incorporated; and Sachtleben Chemie GmbH. The top five TiO₂ producers account for approximately 59% of the world’s production capacity. The following chart shows our estimate of worldwide production capacity in 2011:


Worldwide Production Capacity—2011
DuPont	20	%
Cristal	12	%
Kronos Worldwide*	10	%
Huntsman	9	%
Tronox	8	%
Other	41	%

*	Our production capacity represents approximately 68% of Kronos Worldwide’s production capacity.

Tronox filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in January 2009 and continued to operate as a debtor-in-possession until February 2011, at which time it emerged from Chapter 11. During 2011, Tronox agreed to participate in certain transactions that, if approved, would give Exxaro Mineral Sands, a major producer of titanium ore feedstock, an ownership interest in Tronox. There can be no assurance that such transactions involving Tronox would be approved and completed.

Over the past ten years, we and our competitors have increased industry capacity through debottlenecking projects, which in part compensated for the shut down of TiO₂ plants in France, the United States, the United Kingdom and China. In addition, in May 2011, Dupont announced a comprehensive plan to add approximately 350,000 metric tons of global capacity in the next three years.

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Although overall industry demand is expected to be higher in 2012 as compared to 2011 as a result of improving worldwide economic conditions, we do not expect any other significant efforts will be undertaken by us or our competitors to further increase capacity for the foreseeable future, other than through debottlenecking projects. If actual developments differ from our expectations, the TiO₂ industry’s performance and that of our own could be unfavorably affected.

The TiO₂ industry is characterized by high barriers to entry consisting of high capital costs, proprietary technology and significant lead times (typically three to five years in our experience) required to construct new facilities or expand existing capacity. In addition, we believe the suppliers of titanium-containing feedstock do not currently have the ability to supply the raw materials that would be required to operate any such new TiO₂ production capacity until they have invested in additional infrastructure required to expand their own production capacity, which we believe will take a few years to complete. We believe it is unlikely any new plants will be constructed in Europe or North America in the foreseeable future.

Research and Development

We employ scientists, chemists, process engineers and technicians who are engaged in research and development, process technology and quality assurance activities in Leverkusen, Germany. These individuals have the responsibility for improving chloride and sulfate production processes, improving product quality and strengthening our competitive position by developing new applications. Our expenditures for these activities were approximately $12 million in 2009, $13 million in 2010 and $20 million in 2011. We expect to spend approximately $22 million on research and development in 2012.

We continually seek to improve the quality of our grades and have been successful at developing new grades for existing and new applications to meet the needs of our customers and increase product life cycles. Since 2006, we have added five new grades for plastics and coatings.

Patents, Trademarks, Trade Secrets and Other Intellectual Property Rights

We have a comprehensive intellectual property protection strategy that includes obtaining, maintaining and enforcing our patents, primarily in the United States, Canada and Europe. We also protect our trademark and trade secret rights and have entered into license agreements with third parties concerning various intellectual property matters. We have also from time to time been involved in disputes over intellectual property.

Patents—We have obtained patents and have numerous patent applications pending that cover our products and the technology used in the manufacture of our products. Our patent strategy is important to us and our continuing business activities. In addition to maintaining our patent portfolio, we seek patent protection for our technical developments, principally in the United States, Canada and Europe. U.S. Patents are generally in effect for 20 years from the date of filing. Our U.S. patent portfolio includes patents having remaining terms ranging from one year to 20 years.

Trademarks and Trade Secrets—Our trademarks, including Kronos^®, are covered by issued and or pending registrations, including in Canada and the United States. We protect the trademarks that we use in connection with the products we manufacture and sell and have developed goodwill in connection with our long-term use of our trademarks. We conduct research activities in secret and we protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets through reasonable measures, including confidentiality agreements and security procedures. We rely upon unpatented proprietary knowledge and continuing

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technological innovation and other trade secrets to develop and maintain our competitive position. Our proprietary chloride production process is an important part of our technology and our business could be harmed if we fail to maintain confidentiality of our trade secrets used in this technology.

Employees

As of December 31, 2011, we employed approximately 1,985 persons. Hourly employees in our production facilities are represented by a variety of labor unions, with labor agreements having various expiration dates. Our union employees are covered by master collective bargaining agreements in the chemicals industry that are generally renewed annually. We believe our labor relations are good.

Regulatory and Environmental Matters

Our operations and properties are governed by various environmental laws and regulations, which are complex, change frequently and have tended to become stricter over time. These environmental laws govern, among other things, the generation, storage, handling, use and transportation of hazardous materials; the emission and discharge of hazardous materials into the ground, air or water; and the health and safety of our employees. Certain of our operations are, or have been, engaged in the generation, storage, handling, manufacture or use of substances or compounds that may be considered toxic or hazardous within the meaning of applicable environmental laws and regulations. As with other companies engaged in similar businesses, certain of our past and current operations and products have the potential to cause environmental or other damage. We have implemented and continue to implement various policies and programs in an effort to minimize these risks. Our policy is to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations at all our facilities and to strive to improve our environmental performance. It is possible that future developments, such as stricter requirements in environmental laws and enforcement policies, could adversely affect our operations, including production, handling, use, storage, transportation, sale or disposal of hazardous or toxic substances or require us to make capital and other expenditures to comply, and could adversely affect our consolidated financial position and results of operations or liquidity.

While the laws regulating operations of industrial facilities in Europe vary from country to country, a common regulatory framework is provided by the European Union, or the EU. Germany and Belgium are members of the EU and follow its initiatives. Norway is not a member but generally patterns its environmental regulatory actions after the EU.

At our sulfate plant facilities in Germany, we recycle spent sulfuric acid either through contracts with third parties or at our own facilities. In addition, at our German locations we have a contract with a third-party to treat certain sulfate-process effluents. At our Norwegian plant, we ship spent acid to a third party location where it is used as a neutralization agent. These contracts may be terminated by either party after giving three or four years advance notice, depending on the contract.

From time to time, our facilities may be subject to environmental regulatory enforcement statutes. Typically we establish compliance programs to resolve these matters. Occasionally, we may pay penalties. To date such penalties have not involved amounts having a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. We believe that all of our facilities are in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws.

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In December 2006, the EU approved Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals, or REACH, which took effect on June 1, 2007 and will be phased in over an 11-year period from the implementation date. Under REACH, companies that manufacture or import more than one ton of a chemical substance per year in the EU will be required to register such chemical substances in a central data base. REACH affects our European operations by imposing a testing, evaluation and registration program for many of the chemicals we use or produce in Europe. Under REACH, substances of very high concern may require authorization for further use and may also be restricted in the future, which could increase our production costs. We have established a REACH team that is working to identify and list all substances purchased, manufactured or imported by or for us in the EU. We spent $.7 million in 2009, $2.6 million in 2010 and $.2 million in 2011 on REACH compliance and we do not anticipate that future compliance costs will be material to us.

Our capital expenditures related to ongoing environmental compliance, protection and improvement programs, including capital expenditures which are primarily focused on increased operating efficiency but also result in improved environmental protection such as lower emissions from our manufacturing facilities, were $24.8 million in 2011 and are currently expected to be approximately $21 million in 2012.

Website and other available information

Our fiscal year ends December 31. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports are available on our website at www.kronosww.com. These reports are available on the website, without charge, as soon as is reasonably practicable after we file or furnish them electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Additional information regarding us, as well as the Audit Committee charter, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Corporate Governance Guidelines of Kronos, can also be found at this website. Information contained on our website is not part of this report. We will also provide free copies of such documents upon written request. Such requests should be directed to the Corporate Secretary at our address on the cover page of this Form 10-K.

The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information about the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. We are an electronic filer and the SEC maintains an internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

Below are certain risk factors associated with our business. In addition to the potential effect of these risk factors discussed below, any risk factor which could result in reduced earnings or operating losses, or reduced liquidity, could in turn adversely affect our ability to service our liabilities or pay dividends on our common stock or adversely affect the quoted market prices for our securities.

Demand for, and prices of, certain of our products are influenced by changing market conditions for our products, which may result in reduced earnings or operating losses.

Approximately 89% of our revenues are attributable to sales of TiO₂. Pricing within the global TiO₂ industry over the long term is cyclical and changes in economic conditions, especially in Western industrialized nations, can significantly impact our earnings and operating cash flows. Historically,

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the markets for many of our products have experienced alternating periods of increasing and decreasing demand. Relative changes in the selling prices for our products are one of the main factors that affect the level of our profitability. In periods of increasing demand, our selling prices and profit margins generally will tend to increase, while in periods of decreasing demand our selling prices and profit margins generally tend to decrease. In addition, pricing may affect customer inventory levels as customers may from time to time accelerate purchases of TiO₂ in advance of anticipated price increases or defer purchases of TiO₂ in advance of anticipated price decreases. Our ability to further increase capacity without additional investment in greenfield or brownfield capacity increases may be limited and as a result, our profitability may become even more dependent upon the selling prices of our products.

The demand for TiO₂ during a given year is also subject to annual seasonal fluctuations. TiO₂ sales are generally higher in the second and third quarters of the year. This is due in part to the increase in paint production in the spring to meet demand during the spring and summer painting season.

The TiO₂ industry is concentrated and highly competitive and we face price pressures in the markets in which we operate, which may result in reduced earnings or operating losses.

The global market in which we operate our business is concentrated with the top five TiO₂ producers accounting for 59% of the world’s production capacity and is highly competitive. Competition is based on a number of factors, such as price, product quality and service. Some of our competitors may be able to drive down prices for our products because their costs are lower than our costs. In addition, some of our competitors’ financial, technological and other resources may be greater than our resources and such competitors may be better able to withstand changes in market conditions. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements. Further, consolidation of our competitors or customers may result in reduced demand for our products or make it more difficult for us to compete with our competitors. The occurrence of any of these events could result in reduced earnings or operating losses.

Higher costs or limited availability of our raw materials may reduce our earnings and decrease our liquidity. In addition, many of our raw material contracts contain fixed quantities we are required to purchase.

The number of sources for and availability of certain raw materials is specific to the particular geographical region in which a facility is located. For example, titanium-containing feedstocks suitable for use in our TiO₂ facilities are available from a limited number of suppliers around the world. Political and economic instability in the countries from which we purchase our raw material supplies could adversely affect their availability. If our worldwide vendors were unable to meet their contractual obligations and we were unable to obtain necessary raw materials, we could incur higher costs for raw materials or may be required to reduce production levels. We expect our feedstock ore costs will be significantly higher in 2012 as compared to 2011. In addition, we may also experience higher operating costs such as energy costs, which could affect our profitability. We may not always be able to increase our selling prices to offset the impact of any higher costs or reduced production levels, which could reduce our earnings and decrease our liquidity.

KUS, an affiliate and subsidiary of our parent company, has long-term supply contracts that provide for certain of its affiliates’, including us, TiO₂ feedstock requirements that currently expire through 2016, most of which we may be able to renew. KUS may not be successful in renewing these

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contracts or in obtaining long-term extensions to these contracts prior to expiration. The agreements require the purchase of certain minimum quantities of feedstock with minimum purchase commitments aggregating approximately $2.6 billion at December 31, 2011. In addition, we have other long-term supply and service contracts that provide for various raw materials and services. These agreements require us to purchase certain minimum quantities or services with minimum purchase commitments aggregating approximately $72 million at December 31, 2011. Our commitments under these contracts could adversely affect our financial results if we significantly reduce our production and were unable to modify the contractual commitments.

Our leverage may impair our financial condition or limit our ability to operate our businesses.

We currently have a significant amount of debt. As of December 31, 2011, our total consolidated debt was approximately $365.1 million, which relates primarily to our senior secured notes. Our level of debt could have important consequences to our stockholder and creditors, including:

•

making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our liabilities,

•

increasing our vulnerability to adverse general economic and industry conditions,

•

requiring that a portion of our cash flows from operations be used for the payment of interest on our debt, which reduces our ability to use our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, dividends on our common stock, acquisitions or general corporate requirements,

•

limiting the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us,

•

limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate requirements,

•

limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate, and

•

placing us at a competitive disadvantage relative to other less leveraged competitors.

In addition to our indebtedness, we are party to various lease and other agreements pursuant to which, along with our indebtedness, we are committed to pay approximately $98 million in 2012. Our ability to make payments on and refinance our debt and to fund planned capital expenditures depends on our future ability to generate cash flow. To some extent, this is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. In addition, our ability to borrow funds under our subsidiaries’ credit facilities in the future will, in some instances, depend in part on these subsidiaries’ ability to maintain specified financial ratios and satisfy certain financial covenants contained in the applicable credit agreement.

Our business may not generate cash flows from operating activities sufficient to enable us to pay our debts when they become due and to fund our other liquidity needs. As a result, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our debt before maturity. We may not be able to refinance any of our debt in a timely manner on favorable terms, if at all, in the current credit markets. Any inability to generate sufficient cash flows or to refinance our debt on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Global climate change legislation could negatively impact our financial results or limit our ability to operate our businesses.

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We operate production facilities in several countries. In many of the countries in which we operate, legislation has been passed, or proposed legislation is being considered, to limit greenhouse gases through various means, including emissions permits and/or energy taxes. In several of our production facilities, we consume large amounts of energy, primarily electricity and natural gas. To date, the permit system in effect in the various countries in which we operate has not had a material adverse effect on our financial results. However, if further greenhouse gas legislation were to be enacted in one or more countries, it could negatively impact our future results from operations through increased costs of production, particularly as it relates to our energy requirements or our need to obtain emissions permits. If such increased costs of production were to materialize, we may be unable to pass price increases onto our customers to compensate for increased production costs, which may decrease our liquidity, operating income and results of operations.

ITEM 1B.

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

ITEM 2.

PROPERTIES

Information on our properties is incorporated by reference to Item 1: Manufacturing, Operations and Properties above. See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our leases.

ITEM 3.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved in various environmental, contractual, intellectual property, product liability and other claims and disputes incidental to our business. Information called for by this Item is incorporated by reference to Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

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PART II

ITEM 5.

MARKET FOR OUR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

All of our common stock is held by Kronos. There is no established public trading market for our common stock. The indenture governing our 6.5% Senior Secured Notes due in 2013 limits our ability to pay dividends or to make other restricted payments, as defined. The aggregate amount of dividends and other restricted payments since June 2002 may not exceed 75% of the aggregate consolidated net income, as defined in the indenture, plus $25 million. We currently expect to pay dividends or make other restricted payments as permitted by the indenture. Declaration and payment of future dividends is discretionary and the amount thereof is dependent upon our results of operations, financial condition, contractual limitations, cash requirements for our businesses and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors. At December 31, 2011, $256.6 million was available for dividends or other restricted payments, as defined. See Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

We paid no dividends to Kronos in 2009, 2010 or 2011.

ITEM 6.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and Item 7 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”


	Years ended December 31,
	2007			2008			2009			2010			2011
	(In millions, except ratios)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales	$	946.1		$	952.9		$	819.9		$	998.5		$	1,407.6
Gross margin		196.4			170.4			67.2			224.5			531.3
Income (loss) from operations		78.7			45.1			(33.8	)		112.1			390.6
Net income (loss)		(58.8	)		21.3			(46.5	)		86.5			230.1

BALANCE SHEET DATA (at year end):
Total assets	$	1,103.1		$	1,053.5		$	1,013.9		$	1,023.7		$	1,102.2
Long-term debt including current maturities		590.8			605.6			596.5			539.6			365.1
Stockholder’s equity		181.4			137.3			103.4			180.4			378.3

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW DATA:
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	84.9		$	1.0		$	67.5		$	64.7		$	212.1
Investing activities		(42.5	)		(61.7	)		(19.5	)		(31.3	)		(67.0	)
Financing activities		(34.0	)		7.2			(33.6	)		(11.3	)		(174.9	)

TiO₂ OPERATING STATISTICS:
Sales volume*		348			317			304			347			340
Production volume*		350			350			257			349			371
Production rate as a percentage of capacity		98	%		97	%		71	%		97	%		103	%

OTHER FINANCIAL DATA:
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges (unaudited) (1)		2.6			1.5			—			2.8			10.9

*	Metric tons in thousands

(1)	Fixed charges represents, as applicable, the sum of (i) total interest expense and (ii) the interest component of rent expense (calculated as one-third of rent expense). Earnings represents, as applicable, the sum

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of (i) fixed charges, (ii) income before income taxes and (iii) amortization of capitalized interest. Total earnings available for fixed charges were insufficient to cover fixed charges for the year ended December 31, 2009 by $73.4 million. As a result, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges is not meaningful for 2009.

ITEM 7.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Business overview

We are a leading global producer and marketer of value-added TiO₂. TiO₂ is used for a variety of manufacturing applications, including plastics, paints, paper and other industrial products. During 2011, approximately 79% of our sales volumes were sold into European markets. We believe that we are the largest producer of TiO₂ in Europe with an estimated 19% share of European TiO₂ sales volumes in 2011. Our production facilities are located throughout Europe.

We consider TiO₂ to be a “quality of life” product, with demand affected by gross domestic product, or GDP, and overall economic conditions in our markets located in various regions of the world. Over the long-term, we expect demand for TiO₂ will grow by 2% to 3% per year, consistent with our expectations for the long-term growth in GDP. However, even if we and our competitors maintain consistent shares of the worldwide market, demand for TiO₂ in any interim or annual period may not change in the same proportion as the change in GDP, in part due to relative changes in the TiO₂ inventory levels of our customers. We believe that our customers’ inventory levels are influenced in part by their expectation for future changes in market TiO₂ selling prices as well as their expectation for future availability of product. Although certain of our TiO₂grades are considered specialty pigments, the majority of our grades and substantially all of our production are considered commodity pigment products with price and availability being the most significant competitive factors along with quality and customer service.

The factors having the most impact on our reported operating results are:

•

Our TiO₂ selling prices,

•

Our TiO₂ sales and production volumes,

•

Currency exchange rates (particularly the exchange rate for the U.S. dollar relative to the euro and the Norwegian krone) and

•

Manufacturing costs, particularly raw materials, maintenance and energy-related expenses.

Our key performance indicators are our TiO₂ average selling prices and our level of TiO₂ sales and production volumes. TiO₂ selling prices generally follow industry trends and prices will increase or decrease generally as a result of competitive market pressures.

In addition, our effective income tax rate in each of 2009, 2010 and 2011 has been impacted by certain favorable and unfavorable developments discussed below.

Executive summary

We reported net income of $230.1 million in 2011 compared to $86.5 million in 2010. Our net income increased from 2010 to 2011 primarily due to the net effects of (i) higher income from operations in 2011 resulting

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principally from higher average selling prices and higher production volumes in 2011 and (ii) a non-cash deferred income tax benefit recognized in the first quarter of 2010.

Net income in 2011 includes an income tax provision of $9.8 million for U.S. incremental income taxes on current earnings repatriated from our German subsidiary, which earnings were used to fund a portion of the redemption and repurchases of our Senior Secured Notes.

We reported net income of $86.5 million in 2010 compared to a net loss of $46.5 million in 2009. The $133 million increase in net income from 2009 to 2010 is primarily due to (i) higher income from operations in 2010 resulting principally from higher sales and production volumes and higher selling prices and (ii) a non-cash deferred income tax benefit recognized in the first quarter of 2010.

Net income for 2010 includes a $35.2 million first quarter non-cash income tax benefit related to a European Court ruling that resulted in the favorable resolution of certain income tax issues in Germany and an increase in the amount of our German corporate and trade tax net operating loss carryforwards.

Net income for 2009 includes a $4.7 million non-cash deferred income tax benefit related to a net decrease in our reserve for uncertain tax positions.

Each of these items is more fully discussed below and/or in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

The accompanying “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which we have prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reported period. On an ongoing basis we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the recoverability of long-lived assets, pension benefit obligations and the underlying actuarial assumptions related thereto, the realization of deferred income tax assets and accruals for litigation, income tax and other contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions which we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Actual results may differ significantly from previously-estimated amounts under different assumptions or conditions.

The following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements:

•

Long-lived assets—We recognize an impairment charge associated with our long-lived assets, including property and equipment, whenever we determine that recovery of such long-lived asset is not probable. Such determination is made in accordance with the applicable GAAP requirements of Accounting Standard Codification, or ASC, Topic 360-10-35, Property, Plant and Equipment and is based upon, among other things, estimates of the amount of future net cash flows to be generated by the long-lived asset and estimates of the current fair value of the asset. Significant judgment is required in estimating such cash flows. Adverse

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changes in such estimates of future net cash flows or estimates of fair value could result in an inability to recover the carrying value of the long-lived asset, thereby possibly requiring an impairment charge to be recognized in the future. We do not assess our property and equipment for impairment unless certain impairment indicators specified in ASC Topic 360-10-35 are present. We did not evaluate any long-lived assets for impairment during 2011 because no such impairment indicators were present.

•

Pension plans—We maintain various defined benefit pension plans. The amounts recognized as defined benefit pension expenses and the reported amounts of pension asset and accrued pension costs are actuarially determined based on several assumptions including discount rates, expected rates of returns on plan assets and expected health care trend rates. Variances from these actuarially assumed rates will result in increases or decreases, as applicable, in the recognized pension obligations, pension expenses and funding requirements. These assumptions are more fully described below under “Defined Benefit Pension Plans.”

•

Income taxes—We recognize deferred taxes for future tax effects of temporary differences between financial and income tax reporting. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred income tax assets to the amount that is believed to be realized under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria. While we have considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance, it is possible that we may change our estimate of the amount of the deferred income tax assets that would more-likely-than-not be realized in the future, resulting in an adjustment to the deferred income tax asset valuation allowance that would either increase or decrease, as applicable, reported net income in the period such change in estimate was made. For example, we have substantial net operating loss carryforwards in Germany (the equivalent of $799 million for German corporate purposes and $188 million for German trade tax purposes at December 31, 2011). At December 31, 2011, we have concluded that no deferred income tax asset valuation allowance is required to be recognized with respect to such carryforwards, principally because (i) such carryforwards have an indefinite carryforward period, (ii) we have utilized a portion of such carryforwards during the most recent three-year period and (iii) we currently expect to utilize the remainder of such carryforwards over the long term. However, prior to the complete utilization of such carryforwards, if we were to generate losses in our German operations for an extended period of time, it is possible that we might conclude the benefit of such carryforwards would no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria, at which point we would be required to recognize a valuation allowance against some or all of the then-remaining tax benefit associated with the carryforwards.

We record a reserve for uncertain tax positions where we believe it is more-likely-than-not our tax positions will not prevail with the applicable tax authorities. It is possible that in the future we may change our assessment regarding the probability that our tax positions will prevail that would require an adjustment to the amount of our reserve for uncertain tax positions that could either increase or decrease, as applicable, reported net income in the period the change in assessment was made.

In addition, we evaluate at the end of each reporting period as to whether or not some or all of the undistributed earnings of our subsidiaries are permanently reinvested (as that term is defined in GAAP). While we may have concluded in the past that some of such

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undistributed earnings are permanently reinvested, facts and circumstances can change in the future and it is possible that a change in facts and circumstances, such as a change in the expectation regarding the capital needs of our subsidiaries, could result in a conclusion that some or all of such undistributed earnings are no longer permanently reinvested. In such an event, we would be required to recognize a deferred income tax liability in an amount equal to the estimated incremental U.S. income tax and withholding tax liability that would be generated if all of such previously-considered permanently reinvested undistributed earnings were to be distributed to the U.S.

•

Contingencies—We record accruals for legal and other contingencies when estimated future expenditures associated with such contingencies and commitments become probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. However, new information may become available, or circumstances (such as applicable laws and regulations) may change, thereby resulting in an increase or decrease in the amount required to be accrued for such matters (and therefore a decrease or increase in reported net income in the period of such change).

Income from operations is impacted by certain of these significant judgments and estimates, such as allowance for doubtful accounts, reserves for obsolete or unmarketable inventories, impairment of long-lived assets, defined benefit pension plans and loss accruals. In addition, net income is impacted by the significant judgments and estimates for deferred income tax asset valuation allowances and loss accruals.

Comparison of 2011 to 2010 Results of Operations


	Year ended December 31,
	2010				2011
	(Dollars in millions)

Net sales	$	998.5	100	%	$	1,407.6		100	%
Cost of sales		774.0	78			876.3		62

Gross margin		224.5	22			531.3		38
Other operating income and expenses, net		112.4	11			140.7		10

Income from operations	$	112.1	11	%	$	390.6		28	%


							% Change
TiO₂ operating statistics:
Sales volumes*		347				340		(2	)%
Production volumes*		349				371		6	%

Percent change in net sales:
TiO₂ product pricing								42	%
TiO₂ sales volumes								(2	)
TiO₂ product mix								(6	)
Changes in currency exchange rates								7

Total								41	%

*	Thousands of metric tons

Industry conditions and 2011 overview – In 2011 our production facilities operated at full capacity rates and we increased TiO₂ selling prices throughout 2010 and 2011, resulting in increased profitability and cash flows.

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Global customer demand for our TiO₂ products also remained strong in 2011. Nevertheless, we experienced a softening of demand in the fourth quarter as a result of customer destocking, and our sales volumes in 2011 were lower as compared to 2010, with most of the lower volumes occurring in the fourth quarter. We anticipate that customer demand will rebound from the softness experienced in the fourth quarter, and that we will be able to implement further TiO₂ selling price increases.

We experienced increased costs for our raw materials such as ore and petroleum coke in 2011. We expect further increases in raw material costs in 2012.

Overall, based on positive market dynamics in the TiO₂ industry, we expect our profitability and cash flows to increase in 2012 and the foreseeable future.

Net sales – Our net sales increased 41%, or $409.1, million in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to a 42% increase in average TiO₂ selling prices. TiO₂ selling prices will increase or decrease generally as a result of competitive market pressures, changes in the relative level of supply and demand as well as changes in raw material and other manufacturing costs. Based on current conditions in the TiO₂ industry, as well as the expectation for increases in our manufacturing costs discussed below, we currently expect average selling prices in 2012 to be higher than in 2011.

While the amount of inventory available for shipment in 2011 increased due to higher production volumes during the year, our sales volumes were 2% lower than in 2010 as a result of soft demand in the fourth quarter of 2011 due to customer destocking.

In addition to the factors discussed above, we estimate the favorable effect of changes in currency exchange rates increased our net sales by approximately $71 million, or 7%, as compared to 2010, while relative changes in mix of the various grades of our products sold decreased our net sales by approximately $60 million, or 6%.

Cost of sales – Cost of sales increased $102.3 million or 13% in 2011 compared to 2010 due to the net impact of a 6% increase in TiO₂ production volumes, higher raw material costs of $65.0 million (primarily feedstock ore and petroleum coke), an increase in maintenance costs of $14.5 million (consistent with the increase in production volumes) and currency fluctuations (primarily the euro). Overall, our per metric ton cost of TiO₂ we produced increased approximately 11% as compared to 2010. Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales decreased to 62% in 2011 compared to 78% in 2010 primarily due to the effects of higher selling prices and the benefit of higher production volumes in 2011. Our TiO₂production volumes in 2011 established a new record for us for an annual production period. We currently expect our feedstock ore and our other raw material costs to increase in 2012, including significant increases in our feedstock ore costs.

Income from operations – Income from operations increased by $278.5 million from $112.1 million in 2010 to $390.6 million in 2011. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales increased to 28% in 2011 from 11% in 2010. This increase is driven by the improvement in gross margin, which increased to 38% in 2011 compared to 22% in 2010. Our gross margin increased primarily because of the effect of higher selling prices which more than offset the impact of higher manufacturing costs (primarily raw materials and maintenance). Changes in currency exchange rates increased our income from operations by approximately $10 million in 2011 as compared to 2010.

As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses were relatively consistent at approximately 11% and 13% for 2011 and 2010, respectively.

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Other non-operating income (expense)—In March 2011, we redeemed €80 million principal amount of our 6.5% Senior Secured Notes. In the third and fourth quarters of 2011, we repurchased in open market transactions an aggregate €40.8 million principal amount of our 6.5% Notes. We recognized a net $3.1 million pre-tax interest charge related to the redemption and open market purchases of the 6.5% Notes, consisting of the call premium, the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and original issue discount associated with the redeemed and purchased Notes.

Interest expense decreased $5.6 million from $38.0 million in 2010 to $32.4 million in 2011 due to the net effects of the prepayment and open market purchases of a portion of the 6.5% Senior Secured Notes, as discussed above, and changes in currency exchange rates. The interest expense we recognize will vary with fluctuations in the euro exchange rate.

Income tax provision (benefit) – Our income tax provision was $125.3 million in 2011 compared to an income tax benefit of $12.2 million in 2010. This increase is primarily due to our increased earnings. See Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a tabular reconciliation of our statutory income tax provision to our actual tax provision. Some of the more significant items impacting this reconciliation are summarized below.

•

Our income tax provision in 2011 includes $9.8 million for U.S. incremental income taxes on current earnings repatriated from our German subsidiary, which earnings were used to fund a portion of the redemption and repurchases of our Senior Secured Notes.

•

Our income tax provision in 2010 includes a $35.2 million non-cash income tax benefit related to a European Court ruling that resulted in the favorable resolution of certain income tax issues in Germany and an increase in the amount of our German corporate and trade tax net operating loss carryforwards.

Comparison of 2010 to 2009 Results of Operations


	Year ended December 31,
	2009					2010
	(Dollars in millions)

Net sales	$	819.9		100	%	$	998.5	100	%
Cost of sales		752.7		92			774.0	78

Gross margin		67.2		8			224.5	22
Other operating income and expenses, net		101.0		12			112.4	11


Income (loss) from operations	$	(33.8	)	(4	)%	$	112.1	11	%


								%
								Change

TiO₂ operating statistics:
Sales volumes*		304					347	14	%
Production volumes*		257					349	36	%

Percent change in net sales:
TiO₂ product pricing								12	%
TiO₂ sales volumes								14
TiO₂ product mix								—
Changes in currency exchange rates								(4	)

Total								22	%

*	Thousands of metric tons

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Net sales – Our net sales increased 22% or $178.6 million for 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to a 14% increase in sales volumes and a 12% increase in average selling prices. In addition, we estimate the unfavorable effect of changes in currency exchange rates decreased our net sales by approximately $36 million, or 4%, as compared to the same period in 2009.

Sales volumes in 2010 increased 14% as compared to 2009 due to higher demand in the European and export market segments resulting from the improvement in economic conditions.

Cost of sales—Cost of sales increased $21.3 million or 3% for 2010 compared to 2009 due to the net impact of a 36% increase in TiO₂ production volumes to 349,000 metric tons, a 14% increase in sales volumes, an increase in maintenance costs of $22.6 million, and higher raw material costs of $3.2 million. In addition, cost of sales for 2010 was negatively impacted by approximately $15 million as a result of higher production costs in 2010 at our ilmenite mines in Norway. Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales decreased to 78% in 2010 compared to 92% in 2009 primarily due to higher selling prices in 2010 and the significantly higher production volumes in 2010, as we implemented temporary plant curtailments during the first half of 2009 in order to reduce our finished goods inventories to an appropriate level. Such temporary plant curtailments resulted in approximately $70 million of unabsorbed fixed production costs which were charged directly to cost of sales in the first six months of 2009.

Income (loss) from operations – Income (loss) from operations increased by $145.9 million from an operating loss of $33.8 million in 2009 to operating income of $112.1 million in 2010. Income (loss) from operations as a percentage of net sales increased to 11% in 2010 from (4)% in 2009. This increase is driven by the improvement in gross margin, which increased to 22% for 2010 compared to 8% for 2009. Our gross margin has increased primarily because of higher sales volumes, higher selling prices and lower manufacturing costs per ton resulting from higher production volumes. However, changes in currency exchange rates have negatively affected our gross margin and income (loss) from operations. We estimate that changes in currency exchange rates decreased income (loss) from operations by approximately $11 million in 2010 as compared to 2009.

As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses were relatively consistent at approximately 13% and 14% for 2010 and 2009 respectively.

Interest expense – Interest expense decreased $2.2 million from $40.2 million in 2009 to $38.0 million in 2010 due to decreased average borrowings under our revolving credit facility. The interest expense we recognize will vary with fluctuations in the euro exchange rate.

Income tax benefit – Our income tax benefit was $12.2 million in 2010 compared to an income tax benefit of $27.3 million in 2009. See Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a tabular reconciliation of our statutory income tax provision to our actual tax provision. Some of the more significant items impacting this reconciliation are summarized below.

•

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•

Our income tax benefit for 2009 includes a non-cash benefit of $4.7 million related to a net decrease in our reserve for uncertain tax positions, primarily as a result of the resolution of tax audits in Belgium and Germany in the third and fourth quarters.

Effects of currency exchange rates

All of our operations and assets are located outside the United States (primarily in Germany, Belgium and Norway). The majority of our sales are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the euro and other major European currencies. A portion of sales generated from our operations are denominated in the U.S. dollar. Certain raw materials used worldwide, primarily titanium-containing feedstocks, are purchased in U.S. dollars, while labor and other production costs are purchased primarily in local currencies. Consequently, the translated U.S. dollar value of our sales and operating results are subject to currency exchange rate fluctuations which may favorably or unfavorably impact reported earnings and may affect the comparability of period-to-period operating results. In addition to the impact of the translation of sales and expenses over time, our operations also generate currency transaction gains and losses which primarily relate to the difference between the currency exchange rates in effect when non-local currency sales or operating costs are initially accrued and when such amounts are settled with the non-local currency.

Overall, we estimate that fluctuations in currency exchange rates had the following effects on our sales and income from operations for the periods indicated.

		$000,00		$000,00		$000,00			$000,00		$000,00
Impact of changes in currency exchange rates - 2011 vs. 2010
	Transaction gains/(losses) recognized							Translation gain/loss- impact of rate		Total currency impact 2011 vs.
	2010		2011		Change			changes		2010
	(in millions)

Impact on:
Net sales	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	71	$	71
Income from operations		5		1		(4	)		14		10

		$000,00		$000,00		$000,00			$000,00			$000,00
Impact of changes in currency exchange rates - 2010 vs. 2009
	Transaction gains/(losses) recognized							Translation gain/loss- impact of rate			Total currency impact 2010 vs.
	2009		2010		Change			changes			2009
	(in millions)

Impact on:
Net sales	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	(36	)	$	(36	)
Income (loss) from operations		8		5		(3	)		(8	)		(11	)

The positive impact on income from operations in 2011 versus 2010 is due to higher currency translation gains in 2011, partially offset by lower transaction gains compared to 2010 which were a function of the timing of currency exchange rate changes and the settlement of non-local currency receivables and payables. The negative impact on income (loss) from operations for the 2010 versus 2009 comparison is due to increased currency transaction

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losses in 2010 as compared to 2009 which were a function of the timing of currency exchange rate changes and the settlement of non-local currency receivables and payables.

Outlook

We operated our production facilities at full practical capacity levels during 2011 and our production volumes in 2011 set a new record for us. While we will continue to work on debottlenecking projects in order to increase our production capacity, we believe such debottlenecking projects will produce relatively nominal increases in our capacity. Given the exceptional level of production achieved in 2011, we currently expect to operate our facilities in 2012 at production levels consistent with or slightly lower than 2011.

The overall strong global demand for TiO₂ we experienced in 2011 is expected to continue in 2012. As a result, we expect that we will be able to sell the TiO₂ we produce in 2012 as well as portions of our finished goods inventory on hand at the end of 2011. Consequently, we expect our sales volumes to increase in 2012 as compared to 2011.

We implemented significant increases in TiO₂selling prices throughout 2011. Our average TiO₂ selling prices were 42% higher in 2011 as compared to 2010, and our average prices at the end of 2011 were 10% higher than at the end of the third quarter of 2011 and 45% higher than at the end of 2010. Based on the expected continuation of strong demand levels and increases in our manufacturing costs discussed below, we anticipate our average selling prices will continue to increase throughout 2012, including increases to offset the impact of our expected higher manufacturing costs.

Throughout 2011 we have seen significantly higher feedstock ore costs driven by tight ore supplies and higher-than-historical increases in petroleum coke and energy costs. We currently expect this trend to continue in 2012, with continued higher-than-historical increases in feedstock ore, petroleum coke, energy and freight costs. Overall, we currently expect the per metric ton cost of TiO₂ we produce will increase approximately 50% to 60% in 2012 as compared to 2011 primarily due to higher feedstock ore costs. Our cost of sales per metric ton of TiO₂ sold in 2012 is consequently expected to be significantly higher as compared to 2011, but only after we have sold the TiO₂ products on hand at the end of 2011, the cost of which is significantly lower than our expected 2012 production costs. Given the current conditions in the TiO₂ industry, if our costs of production exceed our current expectations in 2012 and demand for TiO₂ remains strong, we believe we could recoup such higher costs through additional selling price increases.

Overall, we expect income from operations will be higher in 2012 as compared to 2011, as the favorable effect of higher selling prices and sales volumes will more than offset the impact of higher production costs.

Our expectations as to the future of the TiO₂ industry are based upon a number of factors beyond our control, including worldwide growth of gross domestic product, competition in the marketplace, continued operation of competitors, unexpected or earlier-than-expected capacity additions or reductions and technological advances. If actual developments differ from our expectations, our results of operations could be unfavorably affected.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Consolidated cash flows

Operating activities

Trends in cash flows as a result of our operating activities (excluding the impact of significant asset dispositions and relative changes in assets and liabilities) are generally similar to trends in our earnings.

Our cash flows from operating activities provided $212.1 million for 2011 compared to $64.7 million for 2010. This increase was due primarily to the net effects of the following items:

•

higher income from operations in 2011 of $278.5 million,

•

a higher amount of net cash used from relative changes in our inventories, receivables, payables and accruals of $68.4 million in 2011 due primarily to relative changes in our inventory levels, as discussed below,

•

higher cash paid for income taxes in 2011 of $59.8 million, due primarily to improved profitability in 2011 and

•

lower cash paid for interest in 2011 of $3.1 million, primarily due to lower average borrowings in 2011 partially offset by the $2.5 million call premium associated with the redemption of €80 million of our 6.5% Senior Secured Notes.

Our cash flows from operating activities provided $64.7 million for 2010, compared to $67.5 million for 2009. This decrease was due primarily to the net effects of the following items:

•

higher income from operations in 2010 of $145.9 million,

•

higher cash paid for income taxes in 2010 of $7.2 million due primarily to improved profitability in 2010,

•

lower cash paid for interest in 2010 of $2.5 million and

•

higher amount of net cash used for relative charges in our inventories, receivables, payables and accruals of $159.2 million in 2010.

Changes in working capital are affected by accounts receivable and inventory changes. As shown below:

•

Our average days sales outstanding at December 31, 2011 was slightly below December 31, 2010 due to timely collection of our receivable balances and

•

Our average days sales in inventory increased at December 31, 2011 compared to December 31, 2010, as our TiO₂ production volumes in 2011 exceeded our sales volumes by approximately 31,000 metric tons due to the exceptional level of our production volumes in 2011 and soft demand in the fourth quarter of 2011.

For comparative purposes, we have provided prior year numbers below.

December 31,

2009

2010

2011

Days sales outstanding

55 days

54 days

52 days

Days sales in inventory

46 days

50 days

101 days

Investing activities

Our capital expenditures were $19.5 million in 2009, $31.2 million in 2010 and $61.8 million in 2011. Capital expenditures are primarily incurred to maintain and improve the cost effectiveness of our manufacturing facilities. Our capital expenditures during the past three years include an aggregate of approximately $44 million ($25 million in 2011) for our ongoing environmental protection and compliance programs.

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Financing activities

During 2011, we:

•

redeemed €80 million principal amount of our €400 million 6.5% Senior Secured Notes at 102.17% of the face value for an aggregate of $115.7 million, including a $2.5 million call premium in March 2011,

•

borrowed €80 million ($113.3 million when borrowed) under our European credit facility in order to fund the €80 million redemption of our Senior Secured Notes and subsequently repaid €80 million ($115.0 million when repaid) and

•

repurchased €40.8 million principal amount of our 6.5% Senior Secured Notes in open market transactions for an aggregate of €40.6 million ($57.6 million when repurchased).

During 2010, we borrowed and repaid net €9 million ($8.5 million when borrowed/repaid) on our credit facility.

During 2009, we borrowed and repaid $31.5 million on our credit facility.

We did not pay any dividends to Kronos in 2009, 2010 or 2011. See Item 5. Market For Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.

Outstanding debt obligations and borrowing availability

At December 31, 2011, our consolidated debt comprised:

•

€279.2 million principal amount of our 6.5% Senior Secured Notes ($360.6 million) due in April 2013 and

•

approximately $4.5 million of other indebtedness.

In addition to the outstanding indebtedness indicated above, at December 31, 2011 we have our €80 million European Credit Facility, for which no amounts were outstanding and the equivalent of $103.5 million was available for borrowing by the subsidiaries.

Our revolving credit facility described above contains provisions which could result in the acceleration of indebtedness prior to their stated maturity for reasons other than defaults for failure to comply with applicable covenants. For example, certain credit agreements allow the lender to accelerate the maturity of the indebtedness upon a change of control (as defined in the agreement) of the borrower. In addition, certain credit agreements could result in the acceleration of all or a portion of the indebtedness following a sale of assets outside the ordinary course of business. We are in compliance with all of our debt covenants at December 31, 2011. See Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

With respect to the €279.2 million principal amount outstanding at December 31, 2011 of our Senior Secured Notes due in April 2013, as noted above we redeemed €80 million principal amount and repurchased in open market transactions €40.8 million principal amount of such Notes during 2011. We may redeem or repurchase additional Senior Secured Notes prior to their maturity date, and we expect any amounts remaining after such possible redemption or repurchase would be refinanced before their maturity date.

Our assets consist primarily of investments in operating subsidiaries, and our ability to service parent level obligations, including the Senior Secured Notes, depends in large part upon the distribution of earnings of our subsidiaries, whether in the form of dividends, advances or payments on account of intercompany obligations or otherwise. None of our subsidiaries

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have guaranteed the Senior Secured Notes, we have pledged 65% of the common stock or other ownership interests of certain of our first-tier operating subsidiaries as collateral for the Senior Secured Notes. The terms of the indenture governing the Senior Secured Notes limits KII’s ability to pay dividends and make other restricted payments. At December 31, 2011, the maximum amount of dividends and other restricted payments that we could make (the “Restricted Payment Basket”) was approximately $256.6 million.

Liquidity

Our primary source of liquidity on an ongoing basis is cash flows from operating activities which is generally used to (i) fund working capital expenditures, (ii) repay any short-term indebtedness incurred for working capital purposes and (iii) provide for the payment of dividends. From time-to-time we will incur indebtedness, generally to (i) fund short-term working capital needs, (ii) refinance existing indebtedness or (iii) fund major capital expenditures or the acquisition of other assets outside the ordinary course of business. We will also from time-to-time sell assets outside the ordinary course of business and use the proceeds to (i) repay existing indebtedness, (ii) make investments in marketable and other securities, (iii) fund major capital expenditures or the acquisition of other assets outside the ordinary course of business or (iv) pay dividends.

Pricing within the TiO₂ industry is cyclical and changes in industry economic conditions significantly impact earnings and operating cash flows. Changes in TiO₂ pricing, production volumes and customer demand, among other things, could significantly affect our liquidity.

We routinely evaluate our liquidity requirements, alternative uses of capital, capital needs and availability of resources in view of, among other things, our dividend policy, our debt service, our capital expenditure requirements and estimated future operating cash flows. As a result of this process, we have in the past and may in the future seek to reduce, refinance, repurchase or restructure indebtedness, raise additional capital, modify our dividend policy, restructure ownership interests, sell interests in our subsidiaries or other assets or take a combination of these steps or other steps to manage our liquidity and capital resources. Such activities have in the past and may in the future involve related companies. In the normal course of our business, we may investigate, evaluate, discuss and engage in acquisition, joint venture, strategic relationship and other business combination opportunities in the TiO₂industry. In the event of any future acquisition or joint venture opportunity, we may consider using then-available liquidity, issuing our equity securities or incurring additional indebtedness.

At December 31, 2011, we had credit available under our existing credit facility of $103.5 million. At December 31, 2011, we could borrow such amount without violating any covenants in the facility. We believe we will be able to comply with the financial covenants contained in such credit facility through its maturity; however if future operating results differ materially from our expectations we may be unable to maintain compliance. Based upon our expectation for the TiO₂industry and anticipated demands on cash resources, we expect to have sufficient liquidity to meet our short term obligations (defined as the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2012) and our long-term obligations (defined as the five-year period ending December 31, 2016, our time period for long-term budgeting). If actual developments differ from our expectations, our liquidity could be adversely affected.

Capital expenditures

We intend to spend approximately $64 million to maintain and improve our existing facilities during 2012, including approximately $21 million in the area of environmental compliance, protection and improvement. The majority of

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our expenditures in 2012 will be to maintain and improve the cost-effectiveness of our manufacturing facilities. Our capital expenditures in the area of environmental compliance, protection and improvement include expenditures which are primarily focused on increased operating efficiency but also result in improved environmental protection, such as lower emissions from our manufacturing plants. Capital spending for 2012 is expected to be funded through cash on hand or borrowings under our existing credit facility.

Off-balance sheet financing

Other than operating lease commitments disclosed in Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements, we are not party to any material off-balance sheet financing arrangements.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

At December 31, 2011, we had current cash and cash equivalents aggregating $19.9 million and current restricted cash of $2.2 million.

Related party transactions

We are party to certain transactions with related parties. See Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. It is our policy to engage in transactions with related parties on terms, in our opinion, no less favorable to us than could be obtained from unrelated parties.

Commitments and contingencies

See Notes 7 and 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of certain income tax examinations currently underway, certain legal proceedings and other commitments.

Recent accounting pronouncements

See Note 14 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Debt and other contractual commitments

As more fully described in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we are a party to various debt, lease and other agreements which contractually and unconditionally commit us to pay certain amounts in the future. See Notes 6, 12 and 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. The timing and amount shown for our commitments in the table below are based upon the contractual payment amount and the contractual payment date for such commitments. The following table summarizes such contractual commitments of ours and our consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2011 by the type and date of payment.

Payment due date

Contractual commitment

2012

2013/2014

2015/2016

2017 and
after

Total

(In millions)

Indebtedness (1)

2.2

362.2

—

365.1

Interest payments on indebtedness (2)

23.6

7.9

—

31.5

Operating leases

4.1

5.8

2.3

16.7

28.9

Long-term service and other supply contracts (3)

36.5

27.1

7.0

71.5

Fixed asset acquisitions

10.6

—

10.6

Estimated tax obligations (4)

20.5

—

20.5

97.5

403.0

10.0

17.6

528.1

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(1)

A significant portion of the amount shown for indebtedness relates to our 6.5% Senior Secured Notes ($360.6 million at December 31, 2011). Such indebtedness is denominated in euro. See Item 7A – “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(2)	The amounts shown for interest for any outstanding variable-rate indebtedness is based upon the December 31, 2011 interest rates and assumes that such variable-rate indebtedness remains outstanding until maturity.

(3)

The amounts shown for the long-term service and other supply contracts primarily pertain to agreements we have entered into with various providers of products or services which help to run our plant facilities (electricity, natural gas, etc.), utilizing December 31, 2011 exchange rates. See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

(4)	The amount shown for estimated tax obligations is the consolidated amount of income taxes payable at December 31, 2011, which is assumed to be paid during 2012.

The above table does not reflect:

•

Any amounts we might pay to purchase our TiO₂ feedstock requirements. As discussed above in “Business – Raw Materials,” our affiliate, KUS, purchases the rutile and slag feedstock used as a raw material in all of our chloride process TiO₂ facilities. We purchase feedstock for our chloride process TiO₂ facilities from KUS. See Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

•

Any amounts we might pay to fund our defined benefit pension plans, as the timing and amount of any such future fundings are unknown and dependent on, among other things, the future performance of defined benefit pension plan assets and interest rate assumptions. We expect to be required to contribute approximately $19.3 million to our defined benefit pension plans during 2012. Our defined benefit pension plans are discussed below in greater detail. See Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

•

Any amounts we might pay to settle any of our uncertain tax positions, as the timing and amount of any such future settlements are unknown and dependent on, among other things, the timing of tax audits. See Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

We occasionally enter into raw material supply arrangements to mitigate the short-term impact of future increases in raw material costs. While these arrangements do not necessarily commit us to a minimum volume of purchases, they generally provide for stated unit prices based upon achievement of specified volume purchase levels. This allows us to stabilize raw material purchase prices to a certain extent, provided the specified minimum monthly purchase quantities are met.

Defined benefit pension plans

We maintain various defined benefit pension plans in Europe. See Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Under defined benefit pension plan accounting, defined benefit pension plan expense and pension assets and accrued pension costs are each recognized

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based on certain actuarial assumptions, principally the assumed discount rate, the assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets and the assumed increase in future compensation levels. We recognize the full funded status of our defined benefit pension plans as either an asset (for overfunded plans) or a liability (for underfunded plans) in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

We recognized consolidated defined benefit pension plan expense of $18.2 million in each of 2009 and 2010 and $20.5 million in 2011. The amount of funding requirements for these defined benefit pension plans is generally based upon applicable regulations and will generally differ from pension expense for financial reporting purposes. Our contributions to all of our plans aggregated $18.1 million in 2009, $17.8 million in 2010 and $18.2 million in 2011.

The discount rates we use for determining defined benefit pension expense and the related pension obligations are based on current interest rates earned on long-term bonds that receive one of the two highest ratings given by recognized rating agencies in the applicable country where the defined benefit pension benefits are being paid. In addition, we receive third-party advice about appropriate discount rates and these advisors may in some cases use their own market indices. We adjust these discount rates as of each December 31 valuation date to reflect then-current interest rates on such long-term bonds. We use these discount rates to determine the actuarial present value of the pension obligations as of December 31 of that year. We also use these discount rates to determine the interest component of defined benefit pension expense for the following year.

At December 31, 2011, approximately 76% and 17% of the projected benefit obligations related to our plans in Germany and Norway, respectively. We use several different discount rate assumptions in determining our consolidated defined benefit pension plan obligation and expense. This is because we maintain defined benefit pension plans in several different countries in Europe and the interest rate environment differs from country to country.

We used the following discount rates for our defined benefit pension plans:


	Discount rates used for:
	Obligations at December 31, 2009 and expense in 2010			Obligations at December 31, 2010 and expense in 2011			Obligations at December 31, 2011 and expense in 2012

Germany		5.5	%		5.2	%		5.5	%
Norway		5.3	%		4.8	%		3.5	%

The assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets represents the estimated average rate of earnings expected to be earned on the funds invested or to be invested in the plans’ assets provided to fund the benefit payments inherent in the projected benefit obligations. Unlike the discount rate, which is adjusted each year based on changes in current long-term interest rates, the assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets will not necessarily change based upon the actual short-term performance of the plan assets in any given year. Defined benefit pension expense each year is based upon the assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets for each plan, the actual fair value of the plan assets as of the beginning of the year and an estimate of the amount of contributions to and distributions from the plan during the year. Differences between the expected return on plan assets for a given year and the actual return are deferred and amortized over future periods based either upon the expected average remaining service life of the active plan participants (for plans for which benefits are still being earned by active employees) or the average remaining life expectancy of the inactive participants (for plans for which benefits are not still being earned by active employees).

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At December 31, 2011, approximately 74% and 23% of the plan assets related to our plans in Germany and Norway, respectively. We use several different long-term rates of return on plan asset assumptions in determining our consolidated defined benefit pension plan expense. This is because the plan assets in different countries are invested in a different mix of investments and the long-term rates of return for different investments differ from country to country.

In determining the expected long-term rate of return on plan asset assumptions, we consider the long-term asset mix (e.g. equity vs. fixed income) for the assets for each of our plans and the expected long-term rates of return for such asset components. In addition, we receive third-party advice about appropriate long-term rates of return. Such assumed asset mixes are summarized below:

•

In Germany, the composition of our plan assets is established to satisfy the requirements of the German insurance commissioner.

•

In Norway, we currently have a plan asset target allocation of 12% to equity securities, 72% to fixed income securities, 7% to real estate and the remainder primarily to cash and liquid investments. The expected long-term rate of return for such investments is approximately 8%, 4%, 7% and 3%, respectively.

Our pension plan weighted average asset allocations by asset category were as follows:


	December 31, 2010						December 31, 2011
	Germany			Norway			Germany			Norway

Equity securities and limited partnerships		17	%		17	%		29	%		10	%
Fixed income securities		61			68			50			70
Real estate		11			2			11			9
Other		11			13			10			11

Total		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

We regularly review our actual asset allocation for each plan and will periodically rebalance the investments in each plan to more accurately reflect the targeted allocation when considered appropriate.

Our assumed long-term rates of return on plan assets for 2009, 2010 and 2011 were as follows:


	2009			2010			2011

Germany		5.3	%		5.0	%		5.0	%
Norway		5.8	%		5.0	%		4.8	%

We currently expect to use the same long-term rate of return on plan asset assumptions in 2012 as we used in 2011 for purposes of determining the 2012 defined benefit pension plan expense.

To the extent that a plan’s particular pension benefit formula calculates the pension benefit in whole or in part based upon future compensation levels, the projected benefit obligations and the pension expense will be based in part upon expected increases in future compensation levels. For all of our plans for which the benefit formula is so calculated, we generally base the assumed expected increase in future compensation levels upon average long-term inflation rates for the applicable country.

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In addition to the actuarial assumptions discussed above, the amount of recognized defined benefit pension expense and the amount of net pension asset and net pension liability will vary based upon relative changes in currency exchange rates.

A reduction in the assumed discount rate generally results in an actuarial loss, as the actuarially-determined present value of estimated future benefit payments will increase. Conversely, an increase in the assumed discount rate generally results in an actuarial gain. In addition, an actual return on plan assets for a given year that is greater than the assumed return on plan assets results in an actuarial gain, while an actual return on plan assets that is less than the assumed return results in an actuarial loss. Other actual outcomes that differ from previous assumptions, such as individuals living longer or shorter than assumed in mortality tables, which are also used to determine the actuarially-determined present value of estimated future benefit payments, changes in such mortality table themselves or plan amendments, will also result in actuarial losses or gains. These amounts are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). In addition, any actuarial gains generated in future periods would reduce the negative amortization effect of any cumulative unrecognized actuarial losses, while any actuarial losses generated in future periods would reduce the favorable amortization effect of any cumulative unrecognized actuarial gains.

During 2011, all of our defined benefit pension plans generated a combined net actuarial gain of approximately $3.8 million. This actuarial gain resulted primarily from the net effects of (i) the overall return on plan assets being in excess of the assumed return and (ii) increase in discount rates from December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2011 for our plans in Germany.

Based on the actuarial assumptions described above and our current expectation for what actual average currency exchange rates will be during 2012, we expect our defined benefit pension expense will approximate $18.3 million in 2012. In comparison, we expect to be required to contribute approximately $19 million to such plans during 2012.

As noted above, defined benefit pension expense and the amounts recognized as accrued pension costs are based upon the actuarial assumptions discussed above. We believe all of the actuarial assumptions used are reasonable and appropriate. However, if we had lowered the assumed discount rate by 25 basis points for all of our plans as of December 31, 2011, our aggregate projected benefit obligations would have increased by approximately $11.6 million at that date and our defined benefit pension expense would be expected to increase by approximately $.9 million during 2011. Similarly, if we lowered the assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets by 25 basis points for all of our plans, our defined benefit pension expense would be expected to increase by approximately $.7 million during 2011.

Operations outside the United States

As discussed above, our operations are located outside the United States for which the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. As a result, our reported amount for assets and liabilities related to our operations, and therefore our consolidated net assets, will fluctuate based upon changes in currency exchange rates. At December 31, 2011, we had substantial net assets denominated in the euro and Norwegian krone.

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ITEM 7A.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

General

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates and raw materials prices.

Interest rates

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, primarily related to our indebtedness. At December 31, 2010 and 2011, the majority of our aggregate indebtedness was comprised of fixed-rate instruments. The large percentage of fixed-rate debt instruments minimizes earnings volatility that would result from changes in interest rates. The following table presents principal amounts and weighted average interest rates for our aggregate outstanding indebtedness at December 31, 2011. Information shown below for such non-U.S. dollar denominated indebtedness is presented in its U.S. dollar equivalent at December 31, 2011 using an exchange rate of 1.2933 U.S. dollars per euro. See Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.


	Amount
Indebtedness	Carrying value		Fair value		Interest rate			Maturity date
	(In millions)

December 31, 2011

Fixed-rate indebtedness—euro-denominated:
Senior Secured Notes	$	360.6	$	362.6		6.5	%		2013


December 31, 2010
Fixed-rate indebtedness—euro-denominated:
Senior Secured Notes	$	532.8	$	536.0		6.5	%		2013

Currency exchange rates

We are exposed to market risk arising from changes in currency exchange rates as a result of manufacturing and selling our products worldwide. Earnings are primarily affected by fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the euro, the Norwegian krone and the United Kingdom pound sterling.

As described above, at December 31, 2011, we had the equivalent of $360.6 million of outstanding euro-denominated indebtedness (2010 – the equivalent of $532.8 million of euro-denominated indebtedness). The potential increase in the U.S. dollar equivalent of the principal amount outstanding resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in exchange rates at such date would be approximately $53.4 million and $36.1 million at December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively.

Certain of our sales generated by our operations are denominated in U.S. dollars. We periodically use currency forward contracts to manage a very nominal portion of currency exchange rate risk associated with trade receivables denominated in a currency other than the holder’s functional currency or similar exchange rate risk associated with future sales. We have not entered into these contracts for trading or speculative purposes in the past, nor do we currently anticipate entering into such contracts for trading or speculative purposes in the future. We did not hold any such currency forward contracts at December 31, 2011, and we did not use hedge accounting for any such contracts we previously held in 2009, 2010 or 2011.

See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Raw Materials

We are exposed to market risk from changes in commodity prices relating to our raw materials. As discussed in Item 1 we and KUS generally enter into long-term supply agreements for certain of our raw material requirements including ore. Many of our raw material contracts contain fixed quantities we are required to purchase, or specify a range of quantities within which we are required to purchase. Raw material pricing under these agreements is generally negotiated quarterly or semi-annually depending upon the suppliers. For certain raw material requirements we do not have long-term supply agreements either because we have assessed the risk of the unavailability of those raw materials and/or the risk of a significant change in the cost of those raw materials to be low or because long-term supply agreements for those raw materials are generally not available.

Other

We believe there may be a certain amount of incompleteness in the sensitivity analyses presented above. For example, the hypothetical effect of changes in exchange rates discussed above ignores the potential effect on other variables which affect our results of operations and cash flows, such as demand for our products, sales volumes and selling prices and operating expenses. Accordingly, the amounts presented above are not necessarily an accurate reflection of the potential losses we would incur assuming the hypothetical changes in exchange rates were actually to occur.

The above discussion and estimated sensitivity analysis amounts include forward-looking statements of market risk which assume hypothetical changes in currency exchange rates. Actual future market conditions will likely differ materially from such assumptions. Accordingly, such forward-looking statements should not be considered to be projections by us of future events, gains or losses.

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The information called for by this Item is contained in a separate section of this Annual Report. See “Index of Financial Statements and Schedules” (page F-1).

ITEM 9.

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A(T).

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), means controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit to the SEC under the Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions to be made regarding required disclosure. Each of Steven L. Watson, our Chief Executive Officer and Gregory M. Swalwell, our Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31,

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2011. Based upon their evaluation, these executive officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of December 31, 2011.

Scope of Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We also maintain internal control over financial reporting. The term “internal control over financial reporting,” as defined by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) means a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP, and includes those policies and procedures that:

•

Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets,

•

Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors and

•

Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of an unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires us to report on internal control over financial reporting in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011. Under the rules of the SEC, our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to, and therefore has not, audited our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011.

As permitted by the SEC, our assessment of internal control over financial reporting excludes (i) internal control over financial reporting of equity method investees and (ii) internal control over the preparation of our financial statement schedules required by Article 12 of Regulation S-X. However, our assessment of internal control over financial reporting with respect to equity method investees did include controls over the recording of amounts related to our investment that are recorded in the consolidated financial statements, including controls over the selection of accounting methods for our investments, the recognition of equity method earnings and losses and the determination, valuation and recording of our investment account balances.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change to our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2011 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting is based upon the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee

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of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (commonly referred to as the “COSO” framework). Based on our evaluation under that framework, we have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2011.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding our internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this annual report. See “Scope of Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” above.

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Certifications

Our chief executive officer and chief financial officer are also required to, among other things, file quarterly certifications with the SEC regarding the quality of our public disclosures, as required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The certifications for the quarter ended December 31, 2011 have been filed as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 9B.

OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable

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PART III

ITEM 10.

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Omitted pursuant to the General Instruction I of Form 10-K.

ITEM 11.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Omitted pursuant to the General Instruction I of Form 10-K.

ITEM 12.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Omitted pursuant to the General Instruction I of Form 10-K.

ITEM 13.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Omitted pursuant to the General Instruction I of Form 10-K.

ITEM 14.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The following table shows the aggregate fees PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm (“PwC”), has billed or is expected to bill to us and our subsidiaries for services rendered for 2010 and 2011. No fees were billed or are expected to be billed by PwC to us for services performed in 2010 and 2011 for financial information systems design and implementation.


	December 31,
	2010		2011
	(In thousands)

Audit (1)	$	1,522	$	1,823
Audit related (2)		38		40
Tax (3)		10		19

Total	$	1,570	$	1,882

1)	Fees for the following services:

audits of our consolidated year-end financials statements for each year;

reviews of the unaudited quarterly financial statements appearing in our Form 10-Q’s for each of the first three quarters of each year;

consents and assistance with registration statements filed with the Commission;

normally provided statutory or regulatory filings or engagements for each year; and

the estimated out-of-pocket costs PwC incurred in providing all of such services for which we reimburse PwC.

Fees for assurance and related services reasonably related to the audit or review of our financial statements for each year. These services included employee benefit plan audits, accounting consultations and attest services concerning financial accounting and reporting standards and advice concerning internal controls.

3)	Fees for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning services.

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PART IV

ITEM 15.

EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) and (c) Financial Statements and Schedule

The Registrant

The consolidated financial statements and schedule of the Registrant listed on the accompanying Index of Financial Statements and Schedule (see page F-1) are filed as part of this Annual Report.

Financial Statements of Guarantors

The consolidated financial statements of Kronos Titan GmbH and Kronos Denmark ApS listed on the accompanying Index of Financial Statements and Schedules (see page F-1) are filed as part of this Annual Report pursuant to Rule 3-16 of Regulation S-X. The Registrant is not required to provide any other financial statements pursuant to Rule 3-16 of Regulation S-X.

(b)

Exhibits

Included as exhibits are the items listed in the Exhibit Index. We will furnish a copy of any of the exhibits listed below upon payment of $4.00 per exhibit to cover our costs to furnish the exhibits. Pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K, any instrument defining the rights of holders of long-term debt issues and other agreements related to indebtedness which do not exceed 10% of consolidated total assets as of December 31, 2011 will be furnished to the Commission upon request.


Item No.		Exhibit Index

3.1		Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-100047).

3.2		Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, dated March 15, 1989 – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-100047).

3.3		Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, dated January 1, 1999 – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-100047).

3.4		Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, dated February 8, 1999 – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-100047).

3.5		Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, dated December 15, 1999 – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-100047).

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3.6		Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-100047).

3.7		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Kronos International, Inc. as of October 4, 2010 – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on October 4, 2010.

4.1		Indenture governing the 6.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2013, dated as of April 11, 2006, between Kronos International, Inc. and The Bank of New York, as trustee - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-100047) that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2006.

4.2		Form of certificate of Series A 6.5% Senior Secured Note due 2013 - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-100047) that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2006.

4.3		Form of certificate of Series B 6.5% Senior Secured Note due 2013 - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-100047) that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2006.

4.4		Purchase Agreement dated April 5, 2006 between Kronos International, Inc. and Deutsche Bank AG London - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-100047) that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2006.

4.5		Registration Rights Agreement dated as of April 11, 2006 between Kronos International, Inc. and Deutsche Bank AG London - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-100047) that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2006.

4.6		Collateral Agency Agreement, dated April 11, 2006, among The Bank of New York, U.S. Bank, N.A. and Kronos International, Inc. - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-100047) that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2006.

4.7		Security Over Shares Agreement, dated April 11, 2006, between Kronos International, Inc. and The Bank of New York - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-100047) that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2006.

4.8		Pledge of Shares (shares in Kronos Denmark ApS), dated April 11, 2006, between Kronos International, Inc. and U.S. Bank, N.A. - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-100047) that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2006.

4.9		Pledge Agreement (shares in Societe Industrielle du Titane S.A.), dated April 11, 2006, between Kronos International, Inc. and U.S.

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		Bank, N.A. - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-100047) that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2006.

4.10		Share Pledge Agreement (shares in Kronos Titan GmbH), dated April 11, 2006, between Kronos International, Inc. and U.S. Bank, N.A. - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 333-100047) that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2006.

10.1		Euro 80,000,000 Facility Agreement, dated June 25, 2002, among Kronos Titan GmbH & Co. OHG, Kronos Europe S.A./N.V., Kronos Titan A/S and Titania A/S, as borrowers, Kronos Titan GmbH & Co. OHG, Kronos Europe S.A./N.V. and Kronos Norge AS, as guarantors, Kronos Denmark ApS, as security provider, Deutsche Bank AG, as mandated lead arranger, Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A., as agent and security agent, and KBC Bank NV, as fronting bank, and the financial institutions listed in Schedule 1 thereto, as lenders – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-00640) of NL Industries, Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 2002.

10.2		First Amendment Agreement, dated September 3, 2004, Relating to a Facility Agreement dated June 25, 2002 among Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Europe S.A./N.V., Kronos Titan AS and Titania A/S, as borrowers, Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Europe S.A./N.V. and Kronos Norge AS, as guarantors, Kronos Denmark ApS, as security provider, with Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A., acting as agent – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K of Kronos Worldwide, Inc. dated November 17, 2004 (File No. 333-119639).

10.3		Second Amendment Agreement Relating to a Facility Agreement dated June 25, 2002 executed as of June 14, 2005 by and among Deutsche Bank AG, as mandated lead arranger, Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A. as agent, the participating lenders, Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Europe S.A./N.V, Kronos Titan AS, Kronos Norge AS, Titania AS and Kronos Denmark ApS – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K of Kronos International, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2009 (File No. 333-100047).

10.4		Third Amendment Agreement Relating to a Facility Agreement dated June 25, 2002 executed as of May 26, 2008 by and among Deutsche Bank AG, as mandated lead arranger, Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A., as agent, the participating lenders, Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Europe S.A.,/N.V, Kronos Titan AS, Kronos Norge AS, Titania AS and Kronos Denmark ApS – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 (File No. 333-100047).

10.5		Fourth Amendment Agreement Relating to a Facility Agreement dated June 25, 2002 executed as of September 15, 2009 by and among Deutsche Bank AG, as mandated lead arranger, Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A., as agent, the participating lenders, Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Europe S.A. /N.V., Kronos Titan AS, Kronos Norge AS, Titania AS and Kronos Denmark ApS – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 (File No. 333-100047).

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10.6		Fifth Amendment Agreement Relating to a Facility Agreement dated June 25, 2002 executed as of October 28, 2010 by and among Deutsche Bank AG, as mandated lead arranger, Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A., as agent, the participating lenders, Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Europe S.A./N.V., Kronos Titan AS, Kronos Norge AS, Titania AS and Kronos Denmark ApS – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 28, 2010 (File No. 333-100047).

10.7		Lease Contract, dated June 21, 1952, between Farbenfabriken Bayer Aktiengesellschaft and Titangesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung (German language version and English translation thereof) – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-00640) of NL Industries, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 1985.

10.8		Master Technology Exchange Agreement, dated as of October 18, 1993, among Kronos, Inc., Kronos Louisiana, Inc., the Registrant, Tioxide Group Limited and Tioxide Group Services Limited – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-00640) of NL Industries, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 1993.

10.9		Intercorporate Services Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2005, among Kronos Worldwide, Inc., Kronos (US), Inc., Kronos International, Inc. and Kronos Canada, Inc. - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 333-100047) for the year ended December 31, 2004.

10.10		Tax Agreement, dated as of May 28, 2002, between Kronos, Inc. and the Registrant – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-100047).

10.11		Services Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2004, among Kronos International, Inc., Kronos Europe S.A./N.V., Kronos (US), Inc., Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Denmark ApS, Kronos Canada, Inc., Kronos Limited, Societe Industrielle Du Titane, S.A., Kronos B.V., Kronos Titan AS and Titania AS. - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 333-100047) for the year ended December 31, 2004.

10.12		Form of Assignment and Assumption Agreement, dated as of January 1, 1999, between Kronos, Inc. (formerly known as Kronos (USA), Inc.) and the Registrant – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-100047).

10.13		Form of Cross License Agreement, effective as of January 1, 1999, between Kronos Inc. (formerly known as Kronos (USA), Inc.) and the Registrant – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-100047).

10.14**		Form of Kronos Worldwide, Inc. 2003 Long-Term Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of Kronos Worldwide, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form 10 (File No. 001-31763).

10.15**		Form of Indemnity Agreement between the Registrant and the officers and directors of the Registrant – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-100047).

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10.16		Agency Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2004, among Kronos International, Inc., Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Europe S.A./N.V., Kronos Canada, Inc., Kronos Titan AS and Societe Indutrielle Du Titane, S.A. – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 333-100047) for the year ended December 31, 2004.

10.17		Titanium Dioxide Products and Titanium Chemicals Distribution Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2005, among Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Europe S.A./N.V., Kronos Canada, Inc., Kronos Titan AS, Kronos (US), Inc., Kronos Denmark ApS, Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Limited, Societe Industrielle Du Titane, S.A. and Kronos B.V. – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 333-100047) for the year ended December 31, 2004.

10.18		Raw Material Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2004, among Kronos (US), Inc., Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Europe S.A./N.V. and Kronos Canada, Inc. – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 333-100047) for the year ended December 31, 2004.

10.19		Promissory note in the amount of euro 65,000,000, dated as of October 12, 2004 between the Registrant and Kronos Worldwide, Inc. - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 333-100047) for the year ended December 31, 2004.

10.20		Promissory note in the amount of euro 98,094,875, dated as of November 26, 2004 between the Registrant and Kronos Worldwide, Inc. - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 333-100047) for the year ended December 31, 2004.

12.1 *		Statements of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges

31.1 *		Certification.

31.2 *		Certification.

32.1 *		Certification.

101.INS *		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH *		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL *		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF *		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB *		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE *		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

*	Filed herewith

**	Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


Kronos International, Inc. (Registrant)

By:		/s/ Steven L. Watson
		Steven L. Watson March 5, 2012 (Chief Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:



/s/ Robert D. Graham				/s/ Steven L. Watson
Robert D. Graham, March 5, 2012 (Director)				Steven L. Watson, March 5, 2012 (Chief Executive Officer)

/s/ Dr. Ulfert Fiand				/s/ Gregory M. Swalwell
Dr. Ulfert Fiand, March 5, 2012 (Director)				Gregory M. Swalwell, March 5, 2012 (Vice President, Finance, Principal Financial Officer)

/s/ Klemens Schlueter				/s/ Tim C. Hafer
Klemens Schlueter, March 5, 2012 (Director)				Tim C. Hafer, March 5, 2012 (Vice President, Controller, Principal Accounting Officer)

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KRONOS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Annual Report on Form 10-K

Items 8, 15(a) and 15(c)

Index of Financial Statements and Schedules


Financial Statements	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets—December 31, 2010 and 2011		F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations—Years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011		F-5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)—Years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011		F-6
Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity—Years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011		F-7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011		F-8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-10

Financial Statement Schedule
Schedule I – Condensed Financial Information of Registrant		S-1
Schedules II, III and IV are omitted either because they are not applicable or the required amounts are either not material, or are presented in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Financial Statements filed pursuant to Rule 3-16 of Regulation S-X
Financial Statements of Kronos Titan GmbH		FA-1
Financial Statements of Kronos Denmark ApS		FB-1

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholder and Board of Directors of Kronos International, Inc.:

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income (loss), of stockholder’s equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Kronos International, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2010 and 2011 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Dallas, Texas

March 5, 2012

F-2

KRONOS INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except share data)


	December 31,
ASSETS	2010		2011
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	49.8	$	19.9
Restricted cash		1.9		1.9
Accounts and other receivables		159.6		177.8
Receivable from affiliates		1.9		2.8
Inventories		202.9		339.9
Prepaid expenses		4.0		3.7
Deferred income taxes		.4		—

Total current assets		420.5		546.0

Other assets:
Deferred income taxes		191.6		130.6
Deferred financing costs, net		4.3		2.0
Other		5.4		9.5

Total other assets		201.3		142.1

Property and equipment:
Land		42.4		41.4
Buildings		170.9		171.1
Equipment		828.5		841.3
Mining properties		115.9		114.9
Construction in progress		10.2		19.1

Total property and equipment		1,167.9		1,187.8
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		766.0		773.7

Net property and equipment		401.9		414.1

Total assets	$	1,023.7	$	1,102.2

F-3

KRONOS INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONTINUED)

(In millions, except share data)


	December 31,
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY	2010			2011
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	2.2		$	2.2
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		138.2			152.1
Payable to affiliates		14.2			60.0
Income taxes		6.8			13.4
Deferred income taxes		4.7			6.2

Total current liabilities		166.1			233.9

Noncurrent liabilities:
Long-term debt		537.4			362.9
Deferred income taxes		14.9			11.1
Accrued pension cost		100.7			90.0
Other		24.2			26.0

Total noncurrent liabilities		677.2			490.0

Stockholder’s equity:
Common stock, $100 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; 2,968 shares issued		.3			.3
Additional paid-in capital		1,976.0			1,983.1
Retained deficit		(1,385.1	)		(1,155.0	)
Notes receivable from affiliate		(255.6	)		(276.7	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Marketable securities		—			(.7	)
Currency translation		(97.6	)		(121.6	)
Defined benefit pension plans		(57.6	)		(51.1	)

Total stockholder’s equity		180.4			378.3

Total liabilities and stockholder’s equity	$	1,023.7		$	1,102.2

Commitments and contingencies (Notes 7 and 12)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-4

KRONOS INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In millions)


	Years ended December 31,
	2009			2010			2011
Net sales	$	819.9		$	998.5		$	1,407.6
Cost of sales		752.7			774.0			876.3

Gross margin		67.2			224.5			531.3
Selling, general and administrative expense		115.0			125.2			151.7
Other operating income (expense):
Currency transaction gains, net		8.2			4.6			1.0
Disposition of property and equipment		(.8	)		(1.7	)		(.9	)
Royalty income		5.9			8.6			10.8
Other income, net		.7			1.3			.1

Income (loss) from operations		(33.8	)		112.1			390.6
Other income (expense):
Interest income		.2			.2			.3
Loss on prepayment of debt, net		—			—			(3.1	)
Interest expense		(40.2	)		(38.0	)		(32.4	)

Income (loss) before income taxes		(73.8	)		74.3			355.4
Provision for income taxes (benefit)		(27.3	)		(12.2	)		125.3

Net income (loss)	$	(46.5	)	$	86.5		$	230.1

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-5

KRONOS INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In millions)


	Years ended December 31,
	2009			2010			2011
Net income (loss)	$	(46.5	)	$	86.5		$	230.1

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Marketable securities		—			—			(.7	)

Currency translation		14.0			(3.7	)		(24.0	)

Pension plans:
Amortization of prior service cost and net losses included in periodic pension cost		3.7			3.6			4.5
Net actuarial gain (loss) arising during year		1.5			(2.6	)		2.0
Plan amendment		—			(.7	)		—

		5.2			.3			6.5

Total other comprehensive income (loss)		19.2			(3.4	)		(18.2	)

Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(27.3	)	$	83.1		$	211.9

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-6

KRONOS INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY

Years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011

(In millions)


	Common stock		Additional Paid-in capital		Retained deficit			Notes Receivable from affiliates			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)									Total Stockholder’s equity
	Common stock		Additional Paid-in capital		Retained deficit			Notes Receivable from affiliates			Marketable securities			Currency translation			Pension plans			Total Stockholder’s equity
Balance at December 31, 2008	$	.3	$	1,947.6	$	(1,425.1	)	$	(214.5	)	$	—		$	(107.9	)	$	(63.1	)	$	137.3
Net loss		—		—		(46.5	)		—			—			—			—			(46.5	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—		—		—			—			—			14.0			5.2			19.2
Intercompany interest Kronos Worldwide, Inc.		—		14.5		—			(21.1	)		—			—			—			(6.6	)

Balance at December 31, 2009		.3		1,962.1		(1,471.6	)		(235.6	)		—			(93.9	)		(57.9	)		103.4
Net income		—		—		86.5			—			—			—			—			86.5
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		—		—		—			—			—			(3.7	)		.3			(3.4	)
Intercompany interest Kronos Worldwide, Inc.		—		13.9		—			(20.0	)		—			—			—			(6.1	)

Balance at December 31, 2010		.3		1,976.0		(1,385.1	)		(255.6	)		—			(97.6	)		(57.6	)		180.4
Net income		—		—		230.1			—			—			—			—			230.1
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		—		—		—			—			(.7	)		(24.0	)		6.5			(18.2	)
Intercompany interest Kronos Worldwide, Inc.		—		7.1		—			(21.1	)		—			—			—			(14.0	)

Balance at December 31, 2011	$	.3	$	1,983.1	$	(1,155.0	)	$	(276.7	)	$	(.7	)	$	(121.6	)	$	(51.1	)	$	378.3

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-7

KRONOS INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)


	Years ended December 31,
	2009			2010			2011
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(46.5	)	$	86.5		$	230.1
Depreciation and amortization		41.6			38.4			41.0
Deferred income taxes		(25.1	)		(26.6	)		50.5
Loss on prepayment of debt, net		—			—			3.1
Call premium paid		—			—			(2.5	)
Defined benefit pension plan expense greater (less) than cash funding		(.6	)		.3			2.4
Other, net		4.0			4.8			6.2
Change in assets and liabilities:
Accounts and other receivables		(3.1	)		(30.9	)		(26.6	)
Inventories		98.8			(9.2	)		(151.1	)
Prepaid expenses		(2.8	)		1.8			.3
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(5.1	)		(3.4	)		15.8
Income taxes		.3			4.1			4.3
Accounts with affiliates		16.2			(14.2	)		40.2
Other noncurrent assets		.5			(.2	)		(3.2	)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(10.7	)		13.3			1.6

Net cash provided by operating activities		67.5			64.7			212.1

Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(19.5	)		(31.2	)		(61.8	)
Other		—			—			(5.1	)
Change in restricted cash		—			(.1	)		(.1	)

Net cash used in investing activities		(19.5	)		(31.3	)		(67.0	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Indebtedness:
Borrowings		29.1			41.8			113.3
Principal payments		(62.1	)		(52.3	)		(288.1	)
Deferred financing fees		(.6	)		(.8	)		—
Other		—			—			(.1	)

Net cash used in financing activities		(33.6	)		(11.3	)		(174.9	)

F-8

KRONOS INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

(In millions)


	Years ended December 31,
	2009		2010			2011
Cash and cash equivalents—net change from:
Operating, investing and financing activities	$	14.4	$	22.1		$	(29.8	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		4.2		(1.7	)		(.1	)

Net change for year		18.6		20.4			(29.9	)
Balance at beginning of year		10.8		29.4			49.8

Balance at end of year	$	29.4	$	49.8		$	19.9

Supplemental disclosures—Cash paid for:
Interest (including call premium)	$	38.2	$	35.7		$	35.1
Income taxes		2.2		9.4			69.2
Accrual for capital expenditures		3.9		9.2			15.2
Capital lease obligation incurred		5.9		—			—

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-9

KRONOS INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1—Summary of significant accounting policies:

Organization and basis of presentation—We are a Delaware corporation that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kronos Worldwide, Inc. (“Kronos”). At December 31, 2011, (i) Valhi, Inc. held approximately 50% of Kronos’ outstanding common stock and NL Industries, Inc. (NYSE: NL) held approximately 30% of Kronos’ common stock, (ii) Valhi owned 83% of NL’s outstanding common stock and (iii) Contran Corporation and its subsidiaries held approximately 95% of Valhi’s outstanding common stock. Substantially all of Contran’s outstanding voting stock is held by trusts established for the benefit of certain children and grandchildren of Harold C. Simmons (for which Mr. Simmons is the sole trustee), or is held by Mr. Simmons or other persons or entities related to Mr. Simmons. Consequently, Mr. Simmons may be deemed to control each of Contran, Valhi and us.

Unless otherwise indicated, references in this report to “we,” “us” or “our” refers to Kronos International, Inc. and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

Management’s estimates—In preparing our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ significantly from previously-estimated amounts under different assumptions or conditions.

Principles of consolidation—Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. We have eliminated all material intercompany accounts and balances.

Translation of currencies—We translate the assets and liabilities of our subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar at year-end exchange rates, while we translate our revenues and expenses at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. We accumulate the resulting translation adjustments in stockholder’s equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of related deferred income taxes. We recognize currency transaction gains and losses in income currently.

Derivatives and hedging activities—We recognize derivatives as either assets or liabilities measured at fair value. We recognize the effect of changes in the fair value of derivatives either in net income (loss) or other comprehensive income (loss), depending on the intended use of the derivative.

Cash and cash equivalents—We classify bank time deposits and U.S. Treasury securities purchased under short-term agreements to resell with original maturities of three months or less as cash equivalents.

F-10

Restricted cash and cash equivalents—We classify cash and cash equivalents that have been segregated or are otherwise limited in use as restricted. To the extent the restricted amount relates to a recognized liability, we classify such restricted amount as either a current or noncurrent asset to correspond with the classification of the liability. To the extent the restricted amount does not relate to a recognized liability, we classify restricted cash as a current asset.

Fair value of financial instruments—We carry marketable debt and equity securities at fair value. Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and beginning on January 1, 2008 (with certain exceptions) this framework is generally applied to all financial statements items required to be measured at fair value. The standard requires fair value measurements to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

•

Level 2 – Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the assets or liability; and

•

Level 3 – Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

See Notes 8 and 13.

Accounts receivable—We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts for known and estimated potential losses arising from sales to customers based on a periodic review of these accounts.

Inventories and cost of sales—We state inventories at the lower of cost or market, net of allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventories. We generally base inventory costs for all inventory categories on average cost that approximates the first-in, first-out method. Inventories include the costs for raw materials, the cost to manufacture the raw materials into finished goods and overhead. Depending on the inventory’s stage of completion, our manufacturing costs can include the costs of packing and finishing, utilities, maintenance, depreciation and salaries and benefits associated with our manufacturing process. We allocate fixed manufacturing overheads based on normal production capacity. Unallocated overhead costs resulting from periods with abnormally low production levels are charged to expense as incurred. As inventory is sold to third parties, we recognize the cost of sales in the same period that the sale occurs. We periodically review our inventory for estimated obsolescence or instances when inventory is no longer marketable for its intended use, and we record any write-down equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and its estimated net realizable value based on assumptions about alternative uses, market conditions and other factors.

Property and equipment and depreciation—We state property and equipment at cost including capitalized interest on borrowings during the actual construction period of major capital projects. Capitalized interest costs were $.9 million in 2009, $.8 million in 2010 and $1.0 million in 2011. We compute depreciation of property and equipment for financial reporting purposes (including mining equipment) principally by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:


Asset		Useful lives
Buildings and improvements		10 to 40 years
Machinery and equipment		3 to 20 years
Mine development costs		units-of-production

F-11

We use accelerated depreciation methods for income tax purposes, as permitted. Upon the sale or retirement of an asset, we remove the related cost and accumulated depreciation from the accounts and recognize any gain or loss in income currently.

We expense costs incurred for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals (including planned major maintenance) while we capitalize expenditures for major improvements.

We have a governmental concession with an unlimited term to operate our ilmenite mines in Norway. Mining properties consist of buildings and equipment used in our Norwegian ilmenite mining operations and costs associated with the development of a new mine area which commenced production in 2009. While we own the land and ilmenite reserves associated with the mining operations, such land and reserves were acquired for nominal value and we have no material asset recognized for the land and reserves related to our mining operations.

We perform impairment tests when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. We consider all relevant factors. We perform the impairment test by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows (exclusive of interest expense) associated with the asset to the asset’s net carrying value to determine if a write-down to market value or discounted cash flow value is required.

Long-term debt—We state long-term debt net of any unamortized original issue premium or discount. We classify amortization of deferred financing costs and any premium or discount associated with the issuance of indebtedness as interest expense and compute such amortization by the interest method over the term of the applicable issue.

Employee benefit plans—Accounting and funding policies for our retirement plans are described in Note 8.

Income taxes—We, Kronos and Valhi are members of Contran’s consolidated U.S. federal income tax group (the “Contran Tax Group”) and we also file consolidated income tax returns with Contran in various U.S. state jurisdictions. As a member of the Contran Tax Group, we are jointly and severally liable for the federal income tax liability of Contran and the other companies included in the Contran Tax Group for all periods in which we are included in the Contran Tax Group. See Note 7. As a member of the Contran Tax Group, we are a party to a tax sharing agreement which provides that we compute our provision for U.S. income taxes on a separate-company basis using the tax elections made by Contran. Pursuant to the tax sharing agreement, we make payments to or receive payments from Kronos using the tax elections made by Contran, in amounts we would have paid to or received from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service had we not been a member of the Contran Tax Group. We made no payments to Kronos for income taxes during 2009 or 2010, and in 2011 we made payments to Kronos of $10.1 million.

We recognize deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the income tax and financial reporting carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, including investments in our subsidiaries and affiliates who are not members of the Contran Tax Group and undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries which are not deemed to be permanently reinvested. The earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries subject to permanent reinvestment plans aggregated $767 million at December 31, 2010 and $946 million at December 31, 2011. It is not practical for us to determine the amount of the unrecognized deferred income tax liability related to such earnings due to the complexities associated with the U.S. taxation on earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries repatriated to the U.S. We periodically evaluate our deferred tax assets in the various taxing jurisdictions in which we operate and adjust any related valuation allowance based on the estimate of the amount of such deferred tax assets that we believe does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria.

F-12

We record a reserve for uncertain tax positions where we believe that it is more-likely-than-not our position will not prevail with the applicable tax authorities. The amount of the benefit associated with our uncertain tax positions that we recognize is limited to the largest amount for which we believe the likelihood of realization is greater than 50%. We accrue penalties and interest on the difference between tax positions taken on our tax returns and the amount of benefit recognized for financial reporting purposes. We classify our reserves for uncertain tax positions in a separate current or noncurrent liability, depending on the nature of the tax position. See Note 7.

Net sales—We record sales when products are shipped and title and other risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer, or when services are performed. Shipping terms of products shipped are generally FOB shipping point, although in some instances shipping terms are FOB destination point (for which we do not recognize sales until the product is received by the customer) or other standard shipping terms. We state sales net of price, early payment and distributor discounts and volume rebates. We report any tax assessed by a governmental authority that we collect from our customers that is both imposed on and concurrent with our revenue-producing activities (such as sales, use, value added and excise taxes) on a net basis (meaning we do not recognize these taxes either in our revenues or in our costs and expenses).

Selling, general and administrative expense; shipping and handling costs— Selling, general and administrative expense includes costs related to marketing, sales, distribution, shipping and handling, research and development, legal and administrative functions such as accounting, treasury and finance, and includes costs for salaries and benefits, travel and entertainment, promotional materials and professional fees. We include shipping and handling costs in selling, general and administrative expense and these costs were $54 million in 2009, $57 million in 2010 and $66 million in 2011. We expense advertising costs as incurred and these costs were approximately $.6 million in 2009, $.7 million in 2010 and $.9 million in 2011. We expense research, development and certain sales technical support costs as incurred and these costs approximated $12 million in 2009, $13 million in 2010 and $20 million in 2011.

Note 2—Geographic information:

Our operations are associated with the production and sale of titanium dioxide pigments (“TiO₂”). TiO₂ is used to impart whiteness, brightness and opacity to a wide variety of products, including paints, plastics, paper, fibers and ceramics. All of our net assets are located in Europe.

For geographic information, we attribute net sales to the place of manufacture (point of origin) and to the location of the customer (point of destination); we attribute property and equipment to their physical location.


	Years ended December 31,
	2009			2010			2011
	(In millions)
Geographic areas
Net sales—point of origin:
Germany	$	616.5		$	714.2		$	1,039.7
Belgium		164.4			209.1			301.8
Norway		139.5			188.3			245.1
Eliminations		(100.5	)		(113.1	)		(179.0	)

Total	$	819.9		$	998.5		$	1,407.6

F-13


	Years ended December 31,
	2009		2010		2011
	(In millions)
Net sales—point of destination:
Europe	$	669.0	$	821.8	$	1,141.4
North America		20.6		11.7		14.5
Other		130.3		165.0		251.7

Total	$	819.9	$	998.5	$	1,407.6

		0000.0		0000.0
	December 31,
	2010		2011
	(In millions)
Identifiable assets—net property and equipment:
Germany	$	236.3	$	229.5
Belgium		66.3		83.2
Norway		95.2		96.6
Other		4.1		4.8

Total	$	401.9	$	414.1

Note 3—Accounts and other receivables:


	December 31,
	2010			2011
	(In millions)
Trade receivables	$	137.9		$	159.9
Recoverable VAT and other receivables		23.0			17.1
Refundable income taxes		.9			2.0
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(2.2	)		(1.2	)

Total	$	159.6		$	177.8

Note 4—Inventories


	December 31,
	2010		2011
	(In millions)
Raw materials	$	41.5	$	80.6
Work in process		9.9		14.1
Finished products		107.0		199.0
Supplies		44.5		46.2

Total	$	202.9	$	339.9

F-14

Note 5—Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:


	December 31,
	2010		2011
	(In millions)
Accounts payable	$	81.1	$	93.6
Employee benefits		25.0		25.3
Accrued sales discounts and rebates		9.0		9.0
Accrued interest		7.4		5.0
Other		15.7		19.2

Total	$	138.2	$	152.1

Note 6—Long-term debt:


	December 31,
	2010		2011
	(In millions)
Long-term debt:
6.5% Senior Secured Notes	$	532.8	$	360.6
Other		6.8		4.5

Total debt		539.6		365.1
Less current maturities		2.2		2.2

Total long-term debt	$	537.4	$	362.9

Senior Secured Notes—In April 2006, we issued €400 million principal amount of 6.5% Senior Secured Notes (“6.5% Notes”) due 2013 at 99.306% of the principal amount ($498.5 million when issued). We collateralized the 6.5% Notes with a pledge of 65% of the common stock or other ownership interests of certain of our first-tier European operating subsidiaries: Kronos Titan GmbH, Kronos Denmark ApS, Kronos Limited and Société Industrielle du Titane, S.A. We issued the 6.5% Notes pursuant to an indenture which contains a number of covenants and restrictions which, among other things, restricts our ability to incur additional debt, incur liens, pay dividends or merge or consolidate with, or sell or transfer all or substantially all of the assets to, another entity. At our option, we may redeem the 6.5% Notes at redemption prices of 102.167% of the principal amount through October 2011, declining to 101.08% of the principal amount through October 2012 and 100% of the principal amount on or after October 15, 2012. In this regard, in March 2011, we redeemed €80 million principal amount of the 6.5% Notes at 102.167% of the principal amount for an aggregate of $115.7 million, including a $2.5 million call premium. During the third and fourth quarters of 2011, we repurchased in open market transactions an aggregate of €40.8 million for an aggregate of €40.6 million (an aggregate of $57.6 million when repurchased). Following such partial redemption and repurchases, €279.2 million principal amount of Senior Notes remain outstanding. We recognized a $3.3 million pre-tax interest charge related to the redemption of €80 million of the 6.5% Senior Secured Notes consisting of the call premium, the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and original issue discount associated with the redeemed Senior Notes. We recognized a $.2 million net gain on €40.8 million principal amount of Senior Notes repurchased in open market transactions. We borrowed under our revolving credit facility, as discussed below, in order to fund the redemption in March 2011, while we used cash on hand to fund the open market repurchases.

In the event of a change of control, as defined in the agreement, we would be required to make an offer to purchase our 6.5% Notes at 101% of the principal amount. We would also be required to make an offer to purchase a specified portion of our 6.5% Notes at par value in the event we generate a certain amount of net proceeds from the sale of assets outside the ordinary

F-15

course of business, and such net proceeds are not otherwise used for specified purposes within a specified time period. The indenture also contains certain cross-referenced provisions, as discussed below. The carrying amount of the 6.5% Notes includes unamortized original issue discount of €.9 million ($1.2 million) and €.4 million ($.5 million) at December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively.

Revolving Credit Facility—Our operating subsidiaries in Germany, Belgium, Norway and Denmark have an €80 million secured revolving bank credit facility that, as amended, matures in October 2013. We may denominate borrowings in euros, Norwegian kroner or U.S. dollars. We may also issue up to €5 million of letters of credit. Outstanding borrowings bear interest at rates ranging from LIBOR plus 1.75% to LIBOR plus 1.5%. The facility is collateralized by the accounts receivable and inventories of the borrowers, plus a limited pledge of all of the other assets of the Belgian borrower. The facility contains certain restrictive covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of the borrowers to incur debt, incur liens, pay dividends or merge or consolidate with, or sell or transfer all or substantially all of the assets to, another entity. In addition, the credit facility contains customary cross-default provisions with respect to other debt and obligations of the borrowers, KII and its other subsidiaries.

During 2011, we borrowed €80 million ($113.3 million when borrowed) under our European credit facility, and subsequently repaid €80 million ($115.0 million when repaid). As of December 31, 2011, there were no outstanding borrowings under our European credit facility and the equivalent of $103.5 million was available for borrowing under this facility.

Restrictions and other—Aggregate maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2011:


Years ending December 31,	Amount
	(In millions)
2012	$	2.2
2013		361.7
2014		.5
2015		.4
2016		.3

Total	$	365.1

Under the cross-default provisions of the 6.5% Notes, the 6.5% Notes may be accelerated prior to their stated maturity if we or any of our subsidiaries default under any other indebtedness in excess of $20 million due to a failure to pay the other indebtedness at its due date (including any due date that arises prior to the stated maturity as a result of a default under the other indebtedness). Under the cross-default provisions of the credit facility, any outstanding borrowings under the facility may be accelerated prior to their stated maturity if we or the borrowers default under any other indebtedness in excess of €5 million due to a failure to pay the other indebtedness at its due date (including any due date that arises prior to the stated maturity as a result of a default under the other indebtedness). The credit facility contains provisions that allow the lender to accelerate the maturity of the facility in the event of a change of control, as defined in the respective agreement, of the applicable borrower. In the event any of these cross-default or change-of-control provisions become applicable, and the indebtedness is accelerated, we would be required to repay the indebtedness prior to its stated maturity.

The credit facility described above requires the respective borrower to maintain minimum levels of equity, requires the maintenance of certain financial ratios, limits dividends and additional indebtedness and contains other provisions and restrictive covenants customary in lending transactions of

F-16

this type. We are in compliance with all of our debt covenants at December 31, 2011. We believe we will be able to comply with the financial covenants contained in our credit facility through the maturity of the facility; however if future operating results differ materially from our expectations we may be unable to maintain compliance.

At December 31, 2011, our restricted net assets approximated $121.7 million. The terms of the indenture governing the 6.5% Notes limit our ability to pay dividends and make other restricted payments. At December 31, 2011, the maximum amount of dividends and other restricted payments that we could make (the “Restricted Payment Basket”) was $256.6 million.

Note 7—Income taxes:


	Years ended December 31,
	2009			2010			2011
	(In millions)
Pre-tax income (loss):
Germany	$	(76.1	)	$	36.7		$	244.0
Other non-U.S.		2.3			37.6			111.4

Total	$	(73.8	)	$	74.3		$	355.4


Expected tax expense (benefit), at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 35%	$	(25.8	)	$	26.0		$	124.4
Non-U.S. tax rates		2.3			(2.6	)		(12.8	)
Incremental U.S. tax on earnings of non-tax group companies		—			—			9.8
German tax attribute adjustment		.2			(35.2	)		—
Nondeductible expenses		1.9			1.8			2.8
Uncertain tax positions, net		(4.7	)		.7			1.6
Tax rate change		—			(1.7	)		—
Other, net		(1.2	)		(1.2	)		(.5	)

Provision for income taxes (benefit)	$	(27.3	)	$	(12.2	)	$	125.3

Components of income tax expense (benefit):
Currently payable:
U.S. federal	$	—		$	—		$	9.8
Germany		.3			1.9			28.3
Other non—U.S.		2.2			11.8			35.1

		2.5			13.7			73.2

Deferred income taxes (benefit):
Germany		(27.0	)		(25.5	)		52.2
Other non—U.S.		(2.8	)		(.4	)		(.1	)

		(29.8	)		(25.9	)		52.1

Provision for income taxes (benefit)	$	(27.3	)	$	(12.2	)	$	125.3


	Years ended December 31,
	2009			2010			2011
	(In millions)
Comprehensive provision for income taxes (benefit) allocable to:
Income (loss) from operations	$	(27.3	)	$	(12.2	)	$	125.3
Other comprehensive income—Pension plans		2.2			.1			3.7

Total	$	(25.1	)	$	(12.1	)	$	129.0

F-17

The components of our net deferred income taxes at December 31, 2010 and 2011 are summarized in the following table.


	December 31,
	2010						2011
	Assets			Liabilities			Assets			Liabilities
	(In millions)
Tax effect of temporary differences related to:
Inventories	$	—		$	(3.8	)	$	—		$	(6.4	)
Property and equipment		—			(37.8	)		—			(40.6	)
Other accrued liabilities and deductible differences		14.3			—			9.7			—
Other taxable differences		—			(5.3	)		—			(5.1	)
Tax loss and tax credit carryforwards		205.1			—			155.8			—
Valuation allowance		(.1	)		—			(.1	)		—

Adjusted gross deferred tax assets (liabilities)		219.3			(46.9	)		165.4			(52.1	)
Netting of items by tax jurisdiction		(27.3	)		27.3			(34.8	)		34.8

		192.0			(19.6	)		130.6			(17.3	)
Less net current deferred tax asset (liability)		.4			(4.7	)		—			(6.2	)

Net noncurrent deferred tax asset (liability)	$	191.6		$	(14.9	)	$	130.6		$	(11.1	)

Our provision for income taxes in the third and fourth quarters of 2011 includes an aggregate of $9.8 million for U.S. incremental income taxes on current earnings repatriated from our German subsidiary, which earnings were used to fund a portion of the repurchases of our Senior Secured Notes discussed in Note 6.

As a consequence of a European Court ruling that resulted in a favorable resolution of certain income tax issues in Germany, during the first quarter of 2010 the German tax authorities agreed to an increase in our German net operating loss carryforwards. Accordingly, we recognized a non-cash income tax benefit of $35.2 million in the first quarter of 2010.

Following the resolution of tax audits in Belgium and Germany in the third and fourth quarters of 2009, we de-recognized $4.7 million of our reserve for uncertain tax positions primarily related to the audit resolutions.

Tax authorities are examining certain of our tax returns and have or may propose tax deficiencies, including penalties and interest. Because of the inherent uncertainties involved in the settlement initiatives and court and tax proceedings, we cannot guarantee that these tax matters will be resolved in our favor, and therefore our potential exposure, if any, is also uncertain. We believe we have adequate accruals for additional taxes and related interest expense which could ultimately result from tax examinations. We believe the ultimate disposition of tax examinations should not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

We accrue interest and penalties on our uncertain tax positions as a component of our provision for income taxes. The amount of interest and penalties we accrued during 2009, 2010, and 2011 was not material, and at December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011 we had $2.5 million, $2.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively, accrued for interest and penalties for our uncertain tax positions.

F-18

The following table shows the changes in the amount of our uncertain tax positions (exclusive of the effect of interest and penalties) during 2009, 2010, and 2011:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2009			2010			2011
	(In millions)
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits:
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year	$	10.4		$	7.0		$	7.9
Net increase (decrease):
Tax positions taken in prior periods		(5.0	)		(.1	)		.3
Tax positions taken in current period		.9			.6			1.0
Change in currency exchange rates		.7			.4			(.4	)

Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year	$	7.0		$	7.9		$	8.8

If our uncertain tax positions were recognized, a benefit of $9.5 million, $10.6 million, and $11.9 million would affect our effective income tax rates from continuing operations for 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. We currently estimate that our unrecognized tax benefits will not change materially during the next twelve months.

We file income tax returns in various U.S. federal, state and local jurisdictions. We also file income tax returns in various non-U.S. jurisdictions, principally in Germany, Belgium and Norway. Our U.S. income tax returns prior to 2008 are generally considered closed to examination by applicable tax authorities. Our non-U.S. income tax returns are generally considered closed to examination for years prior to 2007 for Germany, 2008 for Belgium and 2002 for Norway.

At December 31, 2011, we had the equivalent of $799 million and $188 million of net operating loss carryforwards for German corporate and trade tax purposes, respectively. At December 31, 2011, we have concluded that no deferred income tax asset valuation allowance is required to be recognized with respect to such carryforwards, principally because (i) such carryforwards have an indefinite carryforward period, (ii) we have utilized a portion of such carryforwards during the most recent three-year period and (iii) we currently expect to utilize the remainder of such carryforwards over the long term. However, prior to the complete utilization of these carryforwards, particularly if the economic recovery were to be short-lived or we generate operating losses in our German operations for an extended period of time, it is possible we might conclude the benefit of the carryforwards would no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria, at which point we would be required to recognize a valuation allowance against some or all of the then-remaining tax benefit associated with the carryforwards.

Note 8—Employee benefit plans:

Defined contribution plans—We maintain various defined contribution pension plans with our contributions based on matching or other formulas. Defined contribution plan expense was approximately $.7 million in 2009, $.9 million in 2010 and $1.1 million in 2011.

Accounting for defined benefit plans—We recognize an asset or liability for the over or under funded status of each of our individual defined benefit pension plans on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the funded status of these plans are recognized either in net income (loss), to the extent they are reflected in periodic benefit cost, or through other comprehensive income (loss).

F-19

Defined benefit plans—We sponsor various defined benefit pension plans. Employees are covered by plans in their respective countries. The benefits under our plans are based upon years of service and employee compensation. Our funding policy is to contribute annually the minimum amount required under ERISA equivalent of non-U.S. regulations plus additional amounts as we deem appropriate.

We expect to contribute the equivalent of approximately $19.1 million to all of our defined benefit pension plans during 2012. Benefit payments to plan participants out of plan assets are expected to be the equivalent of:


Years ending December 31,	Amount
	(In millions)
2012	$	19.4
2013		20.2
2014		20.0
2015		19.6
2016		18.9
Next 5 years		102.8

F-20

The funded status of our defined benefit pension plans is presented in the table below.


	Years ended December 31,
	2010			2011
	(In millions)
Change in projected benefit obligations (“PBO”):
Benefit obligations at beginning of the year	$	347.8		$	347.7
Service cost		8.0			8.4
Interest cost		17.2			18.4
Participant contributions		1.7			1.8
Actuarial losses		12.9			3.2
Plan amendment		1.0			—
Change in currency exchange rates		(22.1	)		(11.4	)
Benefits paid		(18.8	)		(23.0	)

Benefit obligations at end of the year		347.7			345.1

Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the year		238.0			245.9
Actual return on plan assets		21.1			18.5
Employer contributions		17.8			18.2
Participant contributions		1.7			1.8
Change in currency exchange rates		(13.9	)		(7.6	)
Benefits paid		(18.8	)		(23.0	)

Fair value of plan assets at end of year		245.9			253.8

Funded status	$	(101.8	)	$	(91.3	)

Amounts recognized in the balance sheet:
Noncurrent pension asset	$	.3		$	—
Accrued pension costs:
Current		(1.4	)		(1.3	)
Noncurrent		(100.7	)		(90.0	)

Total	$	(101.8	)	$	(91.3	)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Actuarial losses	$	89.2		$	80.1
Prior service cost		4.4			3.8
Net transition obligations		.2			—

Total	$	93.8		$	83.9

Accumulated benefit obligations (“ABO”)	$	317.9		$	313.9

In the fourth quarter of 2010, we amended our benefit formula for most participants of our Belgian plan effective January 1, 2011, resulting in a prior service cost of approximately $1 million as of December 31, 2010. Key assumptions as of December 31, 2010 now reflect these plan revisions to the benefit formula.

F-21

The components of our net periodic defined benefit pension cost are presented in the table below. The amounts shown below for the amortization of prior service cost, net transition obligations and recognized actuarial losses for 2009, 2010 and 2011 were recognized as components of our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively, net of deferred income taxes.


	Years ended December 31,
	2009			2010			2011
	(In millions)
Net periodic pension cost:
Service cost benefits	$	6.8		$	8.0		$	8.4
Interest cost on PBO		18.1			17.2			18.4
Expected return on plan assets		(12.0	)		(12.2	)		(12.6	)
Settlement losses		—			—			.5
Recognized actuarial losses		4.6			4.6			5.1
Amortization of prior service cost		.5			.5			.6
Amortization of net transition obligations		.2			.1			.1

Total	$	18.2		$	18.2		$	20.5

Certain information concerning our defined benefit pension plans is presented in the table below.


	December 31,
	2010		2011
	(In millions)
Plans for which the ABO exceeds plan assets:
PBO	$	287.9	$	345.1
ABO		265.3		313.9
Fair value of plan assets		187.2		253.8

The weighted-average rate assumptions used in determining the actuarial present value of benefit obligations as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 are presented in the table below.


	December 31,
Rate	2010		2011
Discount rate		5.1%		5.1%
Increase in future compensation levels		3.1%		3.1%

The weighted-average rate assumptions used in determining the net periodic pension cost for 2009, 2010 and 2011 are presented in the table below.

Years ended December 31,

Rate

2009

2010

2011

Discount rate

5.8%

5.5%

5.1%

Increase in future compensation levels

3.2%

3.1%

Long-term return on plan assets

5.7%

5.4%

5.4%

Variances from actuarially assumed rates will result in increases or decreases in accumulated pension obligations, pension expense and funding requirements in future periods.

F-22

The amounts shown in the above tables for actuarial losses, prior service cost and net transition obligations at December 31, 2010 and 2011 have not yet been recognized as components of our periodic defined benefit pension cost as of those dates. These amounts will be recognized as components of our periodic defined benefit cost in future years. These amounts, net of deferred income taxes, are recognized in our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 2010 and 2011. We expect approximately $5.1 million, $.5 million and $.1 million of the unrecognized actuarial losses, prior service costs and net transition obligations, respectively, will be recognized as components of our consolidated net periodic defined benefit pension cost in 2012.

The table below details the changes in our consolidated other comprehensive income (loss) for 2009, 2010 and 2011.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2009		2010			2011
	(In millions)
Changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss):
Current year:
Net actuarial gain (loss)	$	2.1	$	(3.8	)	$	3.8
Plan amendment		—		(1.0	)		—
Settlements		—		—			.5
Amortization of unrecognized:
Net actuarial losses		4.6		4.6			5.1
Prior service cost		.5		.5			.6
Net transition obligations		.2		.1			.1

Total	$	7.4	$	.4		$	10.1

•

In Germany, the composition of our plan assets is established to satisfy the requirements of the German insurance commissioner. Our German pension plan assets represent an investment in a large collective investment fund established and maintained by Bayer AG in which several pension plans, including our German pension plan and Bayer’s pension plans, have invested. Our plan assets represent a very nominal portion of the total collective investment fund maintained by Bayer. These plan assets are a Level 3 input because there is not an active market that approximates the value of our investment in the Bayer investment fund. We determine the fair value of the Bayer plan assets based on periodic reports we receive from the managers of the Bayer plan. These periodic reports are subject to audit by the German pension regulator.

•

In Norway, we currently have a plan asset target allocation of 12% to equity securities, 72% to fixed income securities, 7% to real estate and the remainder primarily to liquid investments such as money markets. The expected long-term rate of return for such investments is approximately 8%, 4%, 7% and 3%, respectively. The majority of Norwegian plan assets are Level 1 inputs because they are traded in active markets; however a portion of our Norwegian plan assets are invested in certain individualized fixed income insurance contracts for the benefit of each plan participant as required by the local regulators and are therefore a Level 3 input.

•

We also have plan assets in Belgium and the United Kingdom. The Belgian plan assets are invested in certain individualized fixed income insurance

F-23

contracts for the benefit of each plan participant as required by the local regulators and are therefore a Level 3 input. The United Kingdom plan assets consist of marketable securities which are Level 1 inputs because they trade in active markets.

We regularly review our actual asset allocation for each of our plans, and will periodically rebalance the investments in each plan to more accurately reflect the targeted allocation and/or maximize the overall long-term return when we consider it appropriate.

The composition of our December 31, 2010 and 2011 pension plan assets by asset category and fair value level were as follows:


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2010
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In millions)
Germany	$	176.2	$	—	$	—	$	176.2
Norway:
Local currency equities		11.5		11.5		—		—
Non local currency equities		.2		.2		—		—
Local currency fixed income		42.3		15.9		—		26.4
Non local fixed income		3.5		.5		—		3.0
Cash and other		1.2		.6		—		.6
Other		11.2		2.5		—		8.7

Total	$	246.1	$	31.2	$	—	$	214.9


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2011
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(In millions)
Germany	$	187.2	$	—	$	—	$	187.2
Norway:
Local currency equities		2.0		2.0		—		—
Non local currency equities		3.7		3.7		—		—
Local currency fixed income		35.9		35.9		—		—
Non local currency fixed income		4.3		4.3		—		—
Real estate		5.1		—		—		5.1
Cash and other		6.3		4.9		—		1.4
Other		9.3		2.4		—		6.9

Total	$	253.8	$	53.2	$	—	$	200.6

F-24

A rollforward of the change in fair value of Level 3 assets follows:


	2010			2011
	(In millions)
Fair value at beginning of year	$	207.1		$	214.9
Gain on assets held at end of year		15.9			18.8
Gain (loss) on assets sold during the year		1.5			1.8
Assets purchased		20.0			18.6
Assets sold		(15.9	)		(18.1	)
Transfers out		—			(29.2	)
Currency exchange rate fluctuations		(13.7	)		(6.2	)

Fair value at end of year	$	214.9		$	200.6

Note 9—Other noncurrent liabilities:


	December 31,
	2010		2011
	(In millions)
Reserve for uncertain tax positions	$	10.6	$	11.9
Employee benefits		9.7		10.2
Other		3.9		3.9

Total	$	24.2	$	26.0

Note 10—Common stock and notes receivable from affiliates:

NL common stock options held by our employees—Certain of our employees were granted nonqualified options to purchase NL common stock under the terms of certain option plans sponsored by NL. Generally, the stock options were granted at a price equal to or greater than 100% of the market price of NL’s common stock at the date of grant, vested over a five-year period and expired ten years from the date of grant. During 2009, 2010 and 2011, 700, 6,300 and 12,800 options were exercised, respectively. At December 31, 2011, no options were outstanding.

Common stock dividends—We paid no cash dividends to Kronos in 2009, 2010 or 2011.

Notes receivable from affiliates (contra equity)—Prior to 2009, we loaned an aggregate €163.1 million ($209.5 million) to Kronos in return for two promissory notes instead of making a cash dividend distribution. The notes, as amended, bear interest at a rate of 9.25%, with all principal and interest due on December 31, 2013. Interest on these notes was paid quarterly through September 30, 2008. The notes are unsecured, contain no financial covenants and provide for default only upon Kronos’ failure to pay any amount when due (subject to a short grace period). Due to the long-term investment nature of these notes, settlement of the principal balance and accrued but unpaid interest of the notes is not contemplated within the foreseeable future. We currently expect that settlement of the principal and accrued interest will occur through a capital transaction (i.e. a non-cash dividend to Kronos in the form of distributing such notes receivable and interest to Kronos). Accordingly, we have classified these notes and the related accrued interest receivable as a separate component of stockholder’s equity in accordance with GAAP.

F-25

Note 11—Related party transactions:

We may be deemed to be controlled by Harold C. Simmons. See Note 1. Corporations that may be deemed to be controlled by or affiliated with Mr. Simmons sometimes engage in (a) intercorporate transactions such as guarantees, management and expense sharing arrangements, shared fee arrangements, joint ventures, partnerships, loans, options, advances of funds on open account, and sales, leases and exchanges of assets, including securities issued by both related and unrelated parties and (b) common investment and acquisition strategies, business combinations, reorganizations, recapitalizations, securities repurchases, and purchases and sales (and other acquisitions and dispositions) of subsidiaries, divisions or other business units, which transactions have involved both related and unrelated parties and have included transactions which resulted in the acquisition by one related party of a publicly-held noncontrolling interest in another related party. While no transactions of the type described above are planned or proposed with respect to us other than as set forth in these financial statements, we continuously consider, review and evaluate, and understand that Contran and related entities consider, review and evaluate such transactions. Depending upon the business, tax and other objectives then relevant, it is possible that we might be a party to one or more such transactions in the future.

Current receivables from and payables to affiliates are summarized in the table below.


	December 31,
	2010		2011
	(In millions)
Current receivables from affiliates:
Kronos Canada Inc. (“KC”)	$	1.9	$	2.7
Kronos (US), Inc. (“KUS”)		—		.1

Total	$	1.9	$	2.8