UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
Form 20-F
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005
Commission file number 0-12602
KABUSHIKI KAISHA MAKITA
MAKITA CORPORATION
Japan
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
3-11-8, Sumiyoshi-cho, Anjo City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered
pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered |
|
None | None | |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to
Section 12(g) of the Act.
* American Depositary Shares
(Title of Class)
** Common Stock
(Title of Class)
* | American Depositary Receipts evidence American Depositary Shares, each American
Depositary Share representing one share of the registrants Common Stock. |
|||
** | Effective October 1, 2001, no par value per share. Not for trading, but only in
connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares, pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission. |
Securities for which there is a reporting
obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuers classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
Outstanding as of | ||||||||
March 31, 2005 | March 31, 2005 | |||||||
Title of Class | (Tokyo time) | (New York time) | ||||||
Common Stock, excluding 4,231,153 shares
of Treasury Stock |
143,777,607 | |||||||
American Depositary Shares, each
representing one share of Common Stock |
6,923,200 |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X]
|
No [_] |
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
Item 17 [_]
|
Item 18 [X] |
Table of Contents
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PART I |
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As used in this annual report, the term fiscal preceding a year means the twelve-month period ended March 31 of the year referred to. For example, fiscal 2005 refers to the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2005. All other references to years refer to the applicable calendar year.
All information contained in this annual report is as of March 31, 2005 unless otherwise specified.
In parts of this annual report, amounts reported in Japanese yen have been translated into U.S. dollars for the convenience of readers. Unless otherwise noted, the rate used for this translation was ¥107 = U.S.$1.00, the approximate exchange rate on the noon buying rate for yen in New York City as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on March 31, 2005. On June 15, 2005 the noon buying rate for yen cable transfer in New York City as reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was ¥109.34 = $1.00.
As used herein, the Company refers to Makita Corporation, and Makita or Makita Group refer to Makita Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context otherwise indicates.
Cautionary Statement with Respect to Forward-Looking Statements
This annual report contains forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations, estimates, strategies and projections of the Companys management in light of the information currently available to it. The Company and its representatives may, from time to time, make written or verbal forward-looking statements, including statements contained in the Companys filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and in its reports to shareholders, with respect to Makitas current plans, estimates, strategies and beliefs and other statements that are not historical. Generally, the inclusion of the words plan, strategy, believe, expect, intend, estimate, anticipate, will, may, might and similar expressions identify statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the United States Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that are intended to come within the safe harbor protection provided by those sections. All statements addressing operating performance, events, or developments that Makita expects or anticipates to occur in the future, including statements relating to sales growth, earnings or earnings per share growth, and market share, as well as statements expressing optimism or pessimism about future operating results, are forward-looking statements. Makita undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
By their nature, all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements for a number of reasons, including but not limited to:
| changes in economic conditions affecting the retail, housing and construction markets in different countries, particularly in Japan, the United States and Europe and, to a lesser extent, in Canada, Asia, Australia and the Middle East; | |
| Makitas ability to maintain mutually beneficial relationships with key distributors and to penetrate new channels of distribution; | |
| circumstances relating to inventory adjustments or changes in purchasing patterns by major customers and their impact on Makitas manufacturing volumes and inventory levels; | |
| uncertainties surrounding market acceptance of the new products introduced in fiscal 2005 and scheduled for introduction in fiscal 2006, as well as the level of sales generated from these new products, in connection with Makitas existing investments in productive capacity and commitments to fund its advertising and product promotions to introduce these new products; |
1
| Makitas ability to develop and introduce new products at favorable margins; | |
| adverse changes in currency exchange rates or raw material commodity prices, both in absolute terms and relative to competitors risk profiles; | |
| increased competition in both Japanese market and worldwide; | |
| changes in consumer preference or loyalties; | |
| price reductions taken by Makita in response to customer and competitive pressures, as well as price reductions or promotional actions taken in order to drive demand, which may not result in anticipated sales levels; | |
| Makitas ability to achieve projected levels of efficiencies and cost reduction measures and to avoid delays in or inefficiencies resulting from manufacturing and administrative reorganization actions in progress or contemplated; | |
| the impact of various factors on Makitas foreign operations such as tariffs, nationalization, exchange controls, interest rate fluctuations, civil unrest, governmental changes, restrictions on Makitas foreign investment in local business and risks related to other political, economic, and regulatory instabilities; | |
| the effects of litigation, environmental remediation matters, and product liability exposures; | |
| Makitas ability to generate sufficient cash flows to support capital expansion, business acquisition plans and general operating activities, and Makitas ability to obtain necessary financing at favorable interest rates; | |
| changes in laws and regulations, including changes in accounting standards, taxation requirements, including tax rate changes, new tax laws and revised tax law interpretations, and environmental laws, both in Japan and in foreign jurisdictions in which Makita operates; | |
| the impact of unforeseen events, including war or terrorist activities, on economic conditions and corporate and consumer confidence; and | |
| interest rate fluctuations and other capital market conditions. |
The foregoing list is not exhaustive. There can be no assurance that Makita has correctly identified and appropriately assessed all factors affecting its business or that the publicly available and other information with respect to these matters is complete and correct. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to Makita or that it currently believes to be immaterial also may adversely impact Makita. Should any risks and uncertainties develop into actual events, these developments could have material adverse effects on Makitas business, financial condition, and results of operations.
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PART I
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable
Item 3. Key Information
A. Selected Financial Data
The following data for each of the five fiscal years ended March 31, 2005 has been derived from Makitas audited consolidated financial statements. It should be read in conjunction with Makitas audited consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2004 and 2005, the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders equity and cash flows for each of the three years ended March 31, 2005, and the notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this annual report. Makitas consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, and were included in its Japanese Securities Reports filed with the Director of the Kanto Local Finance Bureau.
U.S. Dollars | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Millions of yen, except per share amounts) | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Statement Data: | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net sales |
¥ | 156,314 | ¥ | 166,169 | ¥ | 175,603 | ¥ | 184,117 | ¥ | 194,737 | $ | 1,819,972 | ||||||||||||
Operating income |
7,093 | 5,873 | 12,468 | 14,696 | 31,398 | 293,439 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
2,133 | 133 | 6,723 | 7,691 | 22,136 | 206,879 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income per share
of Common stock and
per ADS: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
13.6 | 0.9 | 45.3 | 53.2 | 153.9 | 1.44 | ||||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
13.6 | 0.9 | 44.2 | 51.9 | 148.8 | 1.39 |
U.S. Dollars | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Millions of yen, except per share amounts) | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data: | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
¥ | 293,995 | ¥ | 285,138 | ¥ | 278,600 | ¥ | 278,116 | ¥ | 289,904 | $ | 2,709,383 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash
equivalents, time
deposits and
marketable
securities |
71,340 | 63,393 | 64,083 | 92,616 | 91,266 | 852,953 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net working capital |
142,700 | 144,929 | 141,759 | 147,822 | 149,666 | 1,398,748 | ||||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings |
17,743 | 8,984 | 2,892 | 14,128 | 9,060 | 84,673 | ||||||||||||||||||
Long-term
indebtedness |
21,135 | 20,102 | 19,843 | 7,364 | 88 | 822 | ||||||||||||||||||
Common stock |
23,803 | 23,803 | 23,803 | 23,803 | 23,805 | 222,477 | ||||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock |
| (2,229 | ) | (5,110 | ) | (3,316 | ) | (3,517 | ) | (32,869 | ) | |||||||||||||
Shareholders equity |
192,547 | 189,939 | 182,400 | 193,348 | 219,640 | 2,052,710 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total number of
shares outstanding |
153,006,992 | 149,673,742 | 145,967,876 | 143,893,191 | 143,777,607 | 143,777,607 |
Note: Net working capital equals current assets less current liabilities.
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Exchange rates (Japanese yen amounts per U.S. dollars)
The following table sets forth information concerning the exchange rates for Japanese yen and U.S.
dollars based on the noon buying rates for cable transfers in Japanese yen in New York City as
certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The average Japanese yen
exchange rates represent average noon buying rates on the last business day of each month during
the previous period.
(Japanese Yen per U.S. $1.00) | ||||||||||||||||
Fiscal year ended March 31 | High | Low | Average | Year-end | ||||||||||||
2001 |
104.19 | 125.54 | 111.65 | 125.54 | ||||||||||||
2002 |
115.89 | 134.77 | 125.64 | 132.70 | ||||||||||||
2003 |
115.71 | 133.40 | 121.94 | 118.07 | ||||||||||||
2004 |
104.18 | 120.55 | 113.07 | 104.18 | ||||||||||||
2005 |
102.26 | 114.30 | 107.47 | 107.22 |
(Japanese Yen per U.S. $1.00) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
June | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2005 | January | February | March | April | May | (through June 15) | ||||||||||||||||||
High |
102.26 | 103.7 | 103.87 | 104.64 | 104.41 | 106.64 | ||||||||||||||||||
Low |
104.93 | 105.84 | 107.49 | 108.67 | 108.17 | 109.58 |
On June 15, 2005 the noon buying rate for yen cable transfer in New York City as reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was ¥109.34 = U.S. $1.00
Cash dividends declared per share of common stock and per ADS:
In Yen | In U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
Fiscal year ended March 31 | Interim | Year-end | Interim | Year-end | ||||||||||||
2001 |
9.0 | 9.0 | 0.07 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
2002 |
9.0 | 9.0 | 0.07 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
2003 |
9.0 | 9.0 | 0.07 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
2004 |
9.0 | 13.0 | 0.09 | 0.11 | ||||||||||||
2005 |
11.0 | 36.0 | 0.10 | 0.34 |
Makitas basic dividend policy on the distribution of profits is to maintain a dividend payout ratio of 30% or greater, with a lower limit on annual cash dividends of 18 yen per share. However, in the event special circumstances arise, computation of the amount of dividends will be based on consolidated net income after certain adjustments.
Note: | ||
Cash dividends in U.S. dollars are based on the exchange rates at the respective payment date, using the noon buying rates for cable transfers in yen in New York City as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. |
B. Capitalization and indebtedness
Not applicable
C. Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds
Not applicable
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D. Risk factors
The following is a summary of some of the significant risks that could affect Makita. Other risks that could affect Makita are also discussed elsewhere in this annual report. Additionally, some risks that may be currently unknown to Makita and other risks, currently believed to be immaterial, may become material. Some of these statements are forward-looking statements that are subject to the Cautionary Statement with Respect to Forward-Looking Statements appearing elsewhere in this annual report.
Makitas sales are affected by the levels of construction activities and capital investments in
its markets.
The demand for power tools, Makitas main products, is affected to a large extent by the levels of
construction activities and capital investments in the relevant regions. Generally speaking, the
levels of construction activities and capital investment depend largely on the economic conditions
in the market. As a result, when economic conditions weaken in the principal markets for Makitas
activities, including Japan, North America, Europe, and Asia, this may have an adverse impact on
Makitas consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
Geographic concentration of Makitas main facilities may have adverse effects on Makitas
business activities.
Makitas principal management functions, including its headquarters, and the companies on which it
relies on for supplying major parts are located in Aichi Prefecture (Aichi), Japan. Makitas
manufacturing facilities in Aichi and Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China, collectively account for
approximately 76% of Makitas total production volume on a consolidated basis in fiscal 2005. Due
to this geographic concentration of Makitas major functions, including plants and other operations
in Japan and China, Makitas performance may be significantly affected by major natural disasters
and other catastrophic events, including earthquakes, floods, fires, power outages, and suspension
of water supplies. In addition, Makitas facilities in China may also be affected by changes in
political and legal environments, changes in economic conditions, revisions in tariff rates,
currency appreciation, labor disputes, power outages resulting from inadequacies in infrastructure,
and other factors. In the event that such developments cannot be foreseen or measures taken to
alleviate their damaging impact are inadequate, Makitas consolidated financial condition and
results of operations may be adversely affected.
Makitas overseas activities and entry into overseas markets entail risks, which may have a
material adverse effect on Makitas business activities.
Makita derives a majority of its sales in markets located outside of Japan, including North
America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, the Middle East, and emerging markets such as Russia and Eastern
Europe. In fiscal 2005, approximately 80% of Makitas consolidated net sales were derived from
products sold overseas. On a volume basis, Makita depended on overseas markets for 87% of units
sold. The high percentage of overseas sales gives rise to a number of risks. If such risks occur,
they may have a material adverse impact on Makitas consolidated financial condition and results of
operations. Such risks include the following:
(1) | Unexpected changes in laws and regulations; | |
(2) | Disadvantageous political and economic factors; | |
(3) | The outflow of technical know-how and knowledge due to personnel turnover enabling Makitas competitors to strengthen their position; | |
(4) | Potentially unfavorable tax systems; and | |
(5) | Terrorism, war, and other factors that lead to social turbulence. |
Environmental or other government regulations may have a material adverse impact on Makitas
business activities.
Makita maintains strict compliance with environmental, commercial, export and import, tax, safety
and other regulations that are applicable to its activities in all the countries in which Makita
operates. If Makita is unable to continue its compliance with existing regulations or is unable to
comply with any new or amended regulations, it may be subject to fines and other penalties and its
activities may be significantly restricted. The costs related to
5
compliance with any news or amended regulations may also result in significant increases in overall costs. In any such case, Makitas consolidated financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Makita is currently working to achieve compliance with two EU directives announced on February 13, 2003. One of them, entitled Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) requires recycling and reproduction of materials of almost all electrical products. The other is Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances (RoHS), which forbids the sale in EU member countries products containing certain toxic substances, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chrome, polybrominated biphenyls, and polysbrominated diphenyl ethers, beginning on July 1, 2006. In order to comply with these directives, especially with RoHS, the cooperation of parts suppliers is essential. Makita is preparing measures to respond to the implementation of these directives including making requests to suppliers for eliminating such toxic substances in their products and providing guidance to assist them. Makita is also strengthening its systems for inspecting parts as they are delivered. However, the shift to alternative materials by Makitas suppliers is still not fully completed. It is not possible for Makita to detect whether the delivered parts that it accepts from its suppliers contains the prohibited substances. If Makita unknowingly or inadvertently manufactures its products using parts containing such prohibited substances and sells such products in the EU, Makita may be required to recall its products to replace the defective parts, may sustain damage to its reputation and may be subject to fines and penalties. In such cases, Makitas consolidated financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Currency exchange rate fluctuations may adversely affect Makitas financial results.
The functional currency for all of Makitas significant foreign operations is the local currency.
The results of transactions denominated in local currencies of Makitas subsidiaries around the
world are translated into yen using the average market conversion rate during each financial
period. Assets and liabilities denominated in local currencies are converted into yen at the rate
prevailing at the end of each financial period. As a result, Makitas operating results, assets,
liabilities and shareholders equity are affected by fluctuation in values of the Japanese yen
against these local currencies.
Sales denominated in foreign currencies account for approximately 74% of Makitas consolidated net sales in fiscal 2005, and, accordingly, Makitas operating income is significantly affected by foreign exchange fluctuations.
In an effort to minimize the impact of short-term exchange rate fluctuations between major currencies, mainly the U.S. dollar, the euro, and the yen, Makita engages in hedging transactions. Makita is also increasing the percentage of products that it manufactures in China, which has resulted in an increase in foreign-currency denominated production costs. While Makita believes that such measures may help reduce the impact of some exchange rate fluctuations, it cannot assure you that it will be able to successfully hedge its exchange rate risks. In addition, medium-to-long-term fluctuations of exchange rates may make it difficult for Makita to execute procurement, production, logistics, and sales activities as planned and may have an adverse impact on Makitas consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
Fluctuations in stock market prices may adversely affect Makitas financial statements.
Makita holds certain Japanese equities and equity-linked financial products and records these
securities as marketable securities on its consolidated financial statements. As of March 31, 2005,
the aggregate carrying value of these securities was ¥24,594 million, which represents
approximately 11.2% of Makitas net assets. The values of these investments are influenced by
fluctuations in the quoted market prices. A significant depreciation in the value of these
securities will have an adverse impact on Makitas consolidated financial condition and results of
operations.
6
If Makita cannot respond to changes in construction method and trends in demand, Makitas sales
may be materially and adversely affected.
In recent years, market trends in demand for various power tools have been changing significantly
due to the adoption of new construction methods, especially in Japan. For example, as prefabricated
housing construction becomes more common, the use of power tools at construction sites has been
decreasing substantially, while demand for fastening tools has increased. If Makita does not or is
unable to respond to these to rapid shifts in demand for various power tools, Makitas sales may
decline and this may have an adverse effect on Makitas consolidated financial condition and
results of operations.
The rapidly growing presence of China-based power tool manufacturers may harm Makitas sales
results.
In recent years, power tool companies in China have expanded their presence in the world market. In
particular, in certain markets in Asia where purchasing power is relatively low, competition with
power tools made in China has intensified , with respect to lower end products. As the technology
of Chinese power tool manufacturers improves, competition in the markets for high-end products for
professional use may also intensify. As a result, Makitas market share consolidated financial
condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
If Makita is not able to develop attractive products, Makitas sales activities may be
adversely affected.
Makitas principal competitive strengths are its diverse range of high-quality, high-performance
power tools for professional use, and the good reputation of the MAKITA brand, both of which depend
in part on Makitas ability to continue to develop attractive and innovative products that are well
received by the market. There is no assurance that Makita will be able to continue to develop such
products. If Makita is no longer capable of quickly developing new products that meet the changing
needs of the market for high-end, professional users, it may have an adverse impact on Makitas
consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
If Makita fails to maintain cooperative relationships with significant customers, Makitas
sales may be seriously affected.
Makita has a number of significant customers. If Makita loses these customers and is unable to
develop new sales channels to take their place, sales may decline and have an adverse impact on
Makitas business performance and financial position. In fiscal 2004 major home center retailers in
the United States began selling power tools, under their own brand name, which are supplied by
Chinese manufacturers. If major customers of Makita select power tools and other items made in
China and sell them under their own brand, this may have an adverse impact on Makitas consolidated
financial condition and results of operations.
If any of Makitas suppliers fail to deliver materials or parts required for production as
scheduled, Makitas production activities may be adversely affected.
Makitas production activities are greatly dependent on the on-schedule delivery of materials and
parts from its suppliers. Makita purchases some of its component parts from sole suppliers. The
largest single source supplier of the Company accounted for approximately 6% of its aggregate
purchases of raw materials and parts in fiscal 2005. There is no assurance that Makita will be able
to find alternate suppliers that can provide materials and parts of similar quality and price in a
sufficient quantity and in a timely manner. In the event that any of these suppliers cannot deliver
the required quality and quantity of parts on schedule, this will have an adverse effect on
Makitas production schedules and cause a delay in Makitas own product deliveries. This may cause
Makita to lose some customers or require Makita to purchase replacement materials or parts from
alternate sources at a higher price. Any of these occurrences may have a detrimental effect on
Makitas consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
When the procurement of raw materials used by the Company becomes difficult or prices of these
raw materials rise sharply, this may have an adverse impact on performance.
In manufacturing power tools, Makita Group purchases raw materials and components, including
silicon steel plates, aluminum, steel products, copper wire, and electronic parts. In recent years,
demand for these materials in China and the rest of the world has risen substantially, and some
suppliers are experiencing a shortage of capacity. Under these
7
circumstances, if the Makita Group is unable to obtain the necessary quantities of these materials, this may have an effect on production schedules. In addition, the shortage of capacity among suppliers is a factor leading to increased prices of production materials. If the Makita Group experiences increases in prices of production materials, greater than what can be absorbed by increased productivity or through other internal efforts and prices of final products cannot be raised sufficiently, such circumstance may have a detrimental impact on the performance and financial position of the Makita Group.
Product liability litigation or recalls may harm Makitas financial statements and
reputation.
Makita manufactures a wide range of power tools at factories worldwide according to ISO
internationally accepted quality control standards. However, Makita cannot be certain that all of
its products will be free of defects nor that if will not be subject to product recalls in the
future. A large-scale recall or a substantial product liability suit brought against Makita may
result in severe damage to Makitas brand image and reputation. In addition, a major product recall
or product liability lawsuit is likely to be very costly and would require a significant amount of
management time and attention. Any of these occurrences may have a major adverse impact on Makitas
consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
Item 4. Information on the Company
A. History and development of the Company
The Company traces its origin to an electrical repair workshop founded in Nagoya in 1915, and was incorporated under the Commercial Code of Japan on December 10, 1938 under the name of Makita Electric Works, Ltd. as a joint stock corporation. Under the presidency of the late Mr. Jujiro Goto, in 1958, Makita commenced the manufacture of electric power tools and, by 1969, had reached its present leading position in the Japanese market. In 1970, the Company decided to take advantage of the large potential for growth in overseas markets for its products and established its first subsidiary in the United States. Since then, Makita has expanded its export activity and has established other overseas subsidiaries. In April 1991, the Company changed its name from Makita Electric Works, Ltd. to Makita Corporation. In April 1995, Makita established a holding company in the United Kingdom to better coordinate the overall activities of its European subsidiaries. At present, Makita sells its products in over 150 countries around the world.
As part of its efforts to minimize trade friction, Makita started manufacturing operations in Canada, Brazil and the United States in 1980, 1981 and 1985 respectively. Makita established a manufacturing subsidiary in the United Kingdom in 1989. In January 1991, Makita acquired all of the shares of Sachs-Dolmar GmbH, a German company, subsequently renamed Dolmar GmbH (Dolmar), which is primarily engaged in manufacturing engine driven chain saws. Makita established two manufacturing subsidiaries in China, Makita (China) Co., Ltd. and Makita (Kunshan) Co., Ltd. in December 1993 and in November 2000 respectively.
Makita presently manufactures power tools in seven countries globally: the United States, Canada, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Germany, China and Japan.
During the fiscal year under review, Makita General Services Co., Ltd., and Makita Fastening Corporation were newly included within the scope of consolidation. As a result, the number of consolidated subsidiaries increased to 44.
Makita Corporations registered office is located at 3-11-8, Sumiyoshi-cho, Anjo, Aichi 446-8502, Japan, and its telephone number is +81-566-98-1711.
8
B. Business overview
Makitas principal activity is the manufacturing and sale of a wide range of power tools for
professional users worldwide. Makitas power tools consist of portable woodworking tools, primarily
saws and planers, and portable general purpose tools, primarily drills, grinders and sanders.
Makita also produces a line of stationary woodworking machines. For the fiscal year ended March 31,
2005, approximately 80% of Makitas sales were outside of Japan. Makita estimates that most of its
sales worldwide were made to commercial and professional users such as those engaged in timber and
metal processing, carpentry, and concrete and masonry works.
Makita focuses on creating user and environment-friendly products that enhance the work
environment, and have features such as low vibration, low noise and dust concentration.
Products
The following table sets forth Makitas consolidated net sales by product categories for the
periods presented:
(Millions of yen, except for percentage amounts) | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Net Sales by Product Categories | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portable
Woodworking Tools |
¥ | 33,637 | 19.1 | % | ¥ | 34,452 | 18.7 | % | ¥ | 34,507 | 17.7 | % | 322,495 | |||||||||||||||
Portable General
Purpose Tools |
92,144 | 52.5 | % | 98,176 | 53.3 | % | 105,736 | 54.3 | % | 988,187 | ||||||||||||||||||
Stationary
Woodworking
Machines |
1,924 | 1.1 | % | 1,711 | 1.0 | % | 1,573 | 0.8 | % | 14,701 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other Products |
19,142 | 10.9 | % | 19,548 | 10.6 | % | 21,763 | 11.2 | % | 203,393 | ||||||||||||||||||
Parts, Repairs and
Accessories |
28,756 | 16.4 | % | 30,230 | 16.4 | % | 31,158 | 16.0 | % | 291,196 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total |
175,603 | 100.0 | % | 184,117 | 100.0 | % | 194,737 | 100.0 | % | 1,819,972 | ||||||||||||||||||
Portable Woodworking Tools
Portable woodworking tools consist mainly of saws, planers, mortisers, groove cutters, routers, trimmers, nailers and tackers. Circular saws, which are primarily sold to carpenters in the homebuilding industry, account for a substantial portion of Makitas sales of saws. The balance of saw sales is made up of jigsaws, sold primarily to carpenters and other woodworkers for delicate work, and recipro saws used for working in confined spaces unsuited to conventional saws. Planers, which are used exclusively for woodworking, are sold principally to carpenters. Apart from flat-surfaced planers, which are manufactured in varying widths, Makita also produces curved planers for use on concave surfaces. Mortisers are used for chiseling holes in wood and groove cutters are used to install sliding windows. Routers and trimmers are used principally by carpenters in the homebuilding industry for door and window cutting, pattern cutting and other interior decorative work. Nailers are used primarily for light woodwork in homebuilding. Tackers are used to make temporary attachments in house-finishing and for furniture-making. Almost all of the mortisers, groove cutters, routers and trimmers, nailers and tackers manufactured by Makita are sold within Japan.
Among Makitas newly developed products introduced during fiscal 2005 were the items in the Circular Saws Series, which incorporate high-powered motors and a blower function to remove sawdust along the line drawn to guide cutting operations and to remove sawdust and scraps from the rear of the cutting edge, thus making possible a cleaner working environment. Other new products introduced included the 190mm Slide Compound Saw, which is the first of its kind in the world to incorporate a cyclone-type dust and scrap box to improve its waste collection capacity. The Slide Compound Saw also features a new knob allowing for subtle adjustments of the saw blade angle, enabling the user to cut with higher precision.
9
Portable General Purpose Tools
Portable general purpose tools include drills, hammer drills, rotary hammers, electric breakers (jackhammers), grinders, sanders, cutters, cutting machines, nibblers and shears, screwdrivers and impact wrenches. Most of these tools are used for working on metal and materials other than wood, although many may be used in woodworking as well.
Drills are typical power tools used for drilling in metals, woods and plastics. They are classified into pistol-grip drills, D-handle drills, spade-handle drills and angle drills, according to their configuration. Makita also manufactures various kinds of cordless drills. Some of them are equipped with a screwdriving mechanism and are called cordless driver drills. Hammer drills are equipped with a hammering function, but can also be used as conventional drills; these drills are used principally on metal and masonry in the civil engineering and electrical contracting industries. Rotary hammers, which are used exclusively on concrete by the construction industry, are equipped with a rotary function, but can also be used as ordinary hammers. Breakers are used for shattering hard surfaces, principally concrete.
Grinders and sanders are used for smoothing and finishing. Sanders may also be used for polishing. Grinders are used on metal and sanders are used on metal, wood, stone and concrete. Grinders are divided into portable disc grinders and bench grinders and sanders are classified into portable disc sanders and belt sanders.
Cutters and cutting machines have similar functions, although cutters are designed to be hand-held and cutting machines are stationary. Cutters have a diamond cutting surface and are used on tile, brick, concrete and stone. Cutting machines have a carborundum cutting surface and are used principally on metal.
Impact wrenches are used mainly in the construction industry and screwdrivers are used in construction work and by electricians.
Among Makitas newly developed products introduced during fiscal 2005 was a 14.4 volt cordless impact driver, which is equipped with a newly developed four-pole motor using ring-type, rare earth magnets and incorporating lithium ion batteries, that is substantially smaller and lighter. This impact driver also incorporates Makitas originally developed optimal battery charging system, which substantially increases total work capacity. Makita also introduced the Disc Grinder Series, which features 100mm, 115mm, and 125mm wheel diameter, that are easy to hold and have superior dust resistance.
Stationary Woodworking Machines
Makitas stationary woodworking machines consist mainly of planer-jointers, wood surfacers, band saws and table saws, all of which are installed in workshops and used for surfacing and cutting wood.
Other Products
Makitas other products include chain saws, hand-held vacuum cleaners for home use, industrial vacuum cleaners, submersible pumps and garden tools, such as hedge trimmers.
Among the Companys newly developed products during fiscal 2005 were hedge trimmers featuring a soft grip, which makes them easier to be hold and more slip-resistant, and a 320-watt motor available in a choice of natural green or rose red against a white background.
Parts, repairs and accessories
Makita manufactures and markets a variety of parts and accessories for its products and performs repair work as part of its after-sale services.
10
Principal Markets, Distribution and After-Sale Services
The following table sets forth Makitas consolidated net sales by geographic area based on
customers locations for the periods presented:
(Millions of yen, except percentage amount) | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Net Sales by Geographic Area | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japan |
¥ | 38,781 | 22.1 | % | ¥ | 39,142 | 21.3 | % | ¥ | 39,379 | 20.2 | % | $ | 368,028 | ||||||||||||||
North America |
45,573 | 26.0 | 41,853 | 22.7 | 38,490 | 19.8 | 359,720 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Europe |
57,648 | 32.8 | 66,369 | 36.0 | 75,263 | 38.6 | 703,392 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Asia |
13,774 | 7.8 | 14,245 | 7.7 | 16,341 | 8.4 | 152,720 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
19,827 | 11.3 | 22,508 | 12.3 | 25,264 | 13.0 | 236,112 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
¥ | 175,603 | 100.0 | % | ¥ | 184,117 | 100.0 | % | ¥ | 194,737 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,819,972 | ||||||||||||||
Japan
Makita believes that most of its domestic sales are made to commercial users. The Japanese Do-It-Yourself, or DIY, market for power tools is growing but the pace of growth is slow.
Makita attributes its leading position in the Japanese market to the close and frequent contact that it maintains with retailers and users of Makita products. While Makitas major competitors rely primarily on wholesalers for all aspects of distribution and servicing, Makita has approximately 700 employees directly responsible for the promotion, sale and delivery and after-sale servicing of its products. These employees, operating from 113 sales offices throughout Japan, are assigned sales territories and visit retail outlets in their area on an average of once a week.
In addition, Makita has two distribution centers in Osaka and Saitama prefecture. These distribution centers strengthen Makitas distribution and after-sale service functions.
The majority of Makitas products are sold through its 14 wholesalers. Each wholesaler bears the risk of any bad debts of the retailers for which it has responsibility. The payments by the wholesalers to Makita are in most cases made within 30 to 60 days after sale. The effect of this arrangement is that, while Makita has direct access to its customers for sales, deliveries and after-sale services, payments are collected from a small number of wholesalers. Makita believes that this unique sales and distribution system has been successful.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005, Makita sold its products, directly or through wholesalers, to approximately 30,000 retail outlets, and no single retailer accounted for more than 2% of Makitas domestic sales. During the year, Makitas three largest wholesalers accounted, in the aggregate, for approximately 40% of Makitas domestic net sales.
Repairs, including free repair service and after-sale services are carried out by Makitas sales offices.
Overseas
In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005, 79.8% of Makitas net sales were made outside of Japan.
Overseas sales, distribution, and servicing are carried out through a network of 35 sales subsidiaries and 96 branch office or service centers located in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan, China, Korea, the United Kingdom, France, The Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Greece, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Spain, the United Arab Emirates, Romania, Switzerland, Finland, Russia, Ukraine and Slovakia. In addition, the Company exports directly, as well as through trading companies, to various countries throughout the world. Makita products are sold principally under the Makita brand name and the remaining products are sold under the Dolmar and Maktec brand names.
Makita offers warranties to overseas customers. After-sales services and repairs overseas are provided by local sales subsidiaries, service depots designated by Makita, or by service stores designated by the applicable local importers. As of March 31, 2005, Makita has over 100 service depots outside of Japan. As of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005, 26 of these service depots were located in the United States. The labor costs of service and repairs to products under warranty for overseas customers are borne by Makita and the local service agents, and parts are provided by Makita.
11
Seasonality
Makitas business has no significant seasonality that affects sales or profits.
Competition
Both in Japan and overseas, the markets in which Makita sells its products are highly competitive.
Makita believes that competition in the portable electric power tool market is based on price,
product reliability, design and after-sale services and that its products are generally competitive
as to price and enjoy competitive advantage due to their reputation for quality, product
reliability and after-sale services. Makita is the largest manufacturer of portable electric power
tools in Japan and, together with one other Japanese competitor, accounts for a substantial
majority of the total sales of such products in Japan.
In overseas markets, Makita competes with a number of manufacturers, some of which are well established in their respective local markets as well as internationally. In recent years, in the U.S. power tool industry, some leading home centers have introduced their own brands of power tools for professionals, and a high level of M&A activity is in progress within the power tool industry. Moreover, in the Japanese market, U.S. and Japanese companies are forming business alliances, and competition is becoming more intense within a saturated market. Makita has also experienced increasing competition, particularly in countries with lower purchasing power, from China-based power tool manufacturers who often offer lower-priced products.
Raw Materials and Sources of Supply
Makita purchases raw materials and parts to manufacture its products. The principal raw materials
and parts purchased by Makita include plastics, pressed steel plates, aluminum castings, copper
wires, switches, gears, blades, batteries, and bearings. The Company procures most of its raw
materials from multiple sources, although most components are obtained from single suppliers. The
procurement cost of aluminum, copper, and certain other raw materials is affected by fluctuations
in commodity markets, and these material prices were appreciation during fiscal 2005.
Makitas purchases of raw materials and parts in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005, amounted to ¥ 90,495 million. Raw materials and parts are purchased from approximately 250 suppliers in Japan and a number of local suppliers in each country in which Makita performs manufacturing operations, with the largest single source accounting for approximately 6% of Makitas total purchases of raw materials and parts.
Makita also purchases from outside sources finished products such as vacuum cleaners, electric generators, brushcutters, cordless laser plumbs and levels, and wood surfacers.
Makita has not experienced any difficulty in obtaining raw materials, parts or finished products.
Government Regulations
Makita is subject to different government regulations in the countries in which it does business,
such as required business and investment regulations approvals, export regulations based on
national-security or other reasons, and other export and import regulations such as tariffs, as
well as commercial, antitrust, patent, consumer and business taxation, exchange control, and
environment and recycling laws and regulations.
If Makita is unable to comply with these regulations, it may be subject to significant fines or other penalties and its activities in such countries may be limited.
Intellectual Property Rights
As of March 31, 2005, Makita owned 325 patents and 54 utility model registrations in Japan and 287
patents outside Japan. A utility model registration is a right granted under Japanese law to
inventions having a practical utility in terms of form, composition or assembly, but embodying less
originality than that required for patents. As of March 31, 2005, Makita had made 569 applications
for additional patents and utility model registrations in Japan as well as 227 patent applications
outside Japan. While Makita considers all of its intellectual property to be important, it does not
consider any one or group of patents, trademarks or utility model registrations to be so
significant that their expiration or termination would materially affect Makitas business.
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C. Organizational structure
As of March 31, 2005, the Makita Group consisted of 44 consolidated subsidiaries. Makita Corporation (the Company) is the parent company of the Makita Group. The Company heads the development of products. Domestic sales are made by the Company and overseas sales are made almost entirely through sales subsidiaries and wholesalers. The following is a list of significant subsidiaries of the Makita Group.
Proportion of | ||||||
Country of | Ownership and | |||||
Company Name | Incorporation | Voting Interest | ||||
Makita U.S.A., Inc.
|
U.S.A | 100.0 | % | |||
Makita Corporation of America
|
U.S.A | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Canada Inc.
|
Canada | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Mexico, S.A. de C.V.
|
Mexico | 100.0 | ||||
Makita do Brasil
Ferramentas Eletricas Ltda.
|
Brazil | 99.9 | ||||
Makita Herramientas
Electricas de Argentina S.A.
|
Argentine | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Chile Ltda.
|
Chile | 100.0 | ||||
Makita (Australia) Pty. Ltd.
|
Australia | 100.0 | ||||
Makita (New Zealand) Ltd.
|
New Zealand | 100.0 | ||||
Makita International Europe Ltd.
|
U.K. | 100.0 | ||||
Makita (U.K.) Ltd.
|
U.K. | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Manufacturing Europe Ltd.
|
U.K. | 100.0 | ||||
Makita France S.A.
|
France | 55.0 | ||||
Makita Benelux B.V.
|
The Netherlands | 100.0 | ||||
Euro Makita Corporation B.V.
|
The Netherlands | 100.0 | ||||
S.A. Makita N.V.
|
Belgium | 100.0 | ||||
Makita S.p.A.
|
Italy | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Werkzeug GmbH
|
Germany | 100.0 | ||||
Dolmar GmbH
|
Germany | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Werkzeug Gesellschaft m.b.H.
|
Austria | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Sp.Z O.O.
|
Poland | 100.0 | ||||
Makita SA
|
Switzerland | 100.0 | ||||
Makita, S.A.
|
Spain | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Gulf FZE
|
U.A.E. | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Oy
|
Finland | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Singapore Pte. Ltd.
|
Singapore | 100.0 | ||||
Makita (Taiwan) Ltd.
|
Taiwan | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Power Tools (HK) Ltd.
|
China | 100.0 | ||||
Makita (China) Co., Ltd.
|
China | 100.0 | ||||
Makita (Kunshan) Co., Ltd.
|
China | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Korea Co., Ltd.
|
Korea | 100.0 | ||||
Joyama Kaihatsu Ltd.
|
Japan | 100.0 | ||||
Makita Ichinomiya Corporation and
11 other subsidiaries
|
Japan | 100.0 | ||||
Note: Proportion of ownership and voting interest includes indirect ownership and voting.
The management rights to Joyama Kaihatsu Ltd., were transferred to Tokyo Tatemono Co., Ltd., on May
31, 2005, and it ceased to be a consolidated subsidiary as of that date.
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D. Property, plant and equipment
The following table sets forth information relating to Makitas principal production facilities as of March 31, 2005.
Floor space | ||||||
Location | (Square meters) | Principal products manufactured | ||||
In Japan; |
||||||
Makita Corporation |
||||||
Okazaki Plants |
82,782 | Portable woodworking tools and portable general purpose tools | ||||
Makita Ichinomiya Corporation |
5,325 | Stationary woodworking machines | ||||
Overseas; |
||||||
Makita Corporation of America |
24,053 | Portable woodworking tools and portable general purpose tools | ||||
Makita (China) Co., Ltd. |
32,770 | Portable woodworking tools and portable general purpose tools | ||||
Makita (Kunshan) Co., Ltd. |
6,401 | Portable woodworking tools and portable general purpose tools | ||||
Makita Manufacturing Europe Ltd. |
11,520 | Portable woodworking tools and portable general purpose tools | ||||
Dolmar GmbH |
17,747 | Engine powered equipment | ||||
In addition, the Company owns an aggregate of 170,510 square meters of floor space occupied by the head office, warehouse facilities, a training center, dormitories and sales offices.
Makitas overseas manufacturing operations are conducted in the United States, Canada, Brazil, United Kingdom, Germany and China. All buildings and land in these countries, except for the properties in China, are owned by Makita.
None of the buildings or land that Makita owns in Japan is subject to any mortgage or lien. Makita leases 88 sales offices in Japan and all of its overseas sales offices and premises, except for the following locations, all of which are owned by the respective subsidiary companies;
| Head office and certain branch offices of Makita U.S.A., Makita Canada, and Makita Australia; and | ||
| Head office of Makita Germany, Makita France, Makita Benelux (The Netherlands), Makita Belgium, Makita Italy, Makita Brazil, Makita Taiwan, and Makita Singapore. |
Makita considers all of its principal manufacturing facilities and other significant properties to be in good condition and adequate to meet the needs of its operations. Makita does not maintain internal records of the exact production capacity and utilization rates of its manufacturing facilities as such data can not be obtained without unreasonable effort and expense. Makita adjusts the volume, quantity and nature of the products it manufactures based on its assessment of market needs and prospects. Makita believes that its manufacturing facilities are currently operating at utilization rates that are substantially in line with current market demand for its products.
Makita believes that there are no material environmental issues that may affect Makitas current use of its assets.
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Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospect
A. Operating Results
The following table sets forth a summary of our results of operations for each of the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005.
(Millions of yen, except for percentage amounts) | U.S. Dollars (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
% | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales |
¥ | 175,603 | 100.0 | ¥ | 184,117 | 100.0 | ¥ | 194,737 | 100.0 | $ | 1,819,972 | 5.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales |
110,226 | 62.8 | 110,322 | 59.9 | 113,323 | 58.2 | 1,059,093 | 2.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
65,377 | 37.2 | 73,795 | 40.1 | 81,414 | 41.8 | 760,879 | 10.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and
administrative expenses |
51,579 | 29.4 | 53,698 | 29.2 | 52,646 | 27.1 | 492,019 | (2.0 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss (Gain) on
disposals or sales of
property, plant and
equipment |
1,330 | 0.7 | (2,379 | ) | (1.3 | ) | 1,234 | 0.6 | 11,533 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Impairment of
long-lived assets |
| | 7,780 | 4.2 | 577 | 0.3 | 5,393 | (92.6 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Transfer to the
government of the
substitutional portion
of pension plan |
| | | | (4,441 | ) | (2.3 | ) | (41,505 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Operating income |
12,468 | 7.1 | 14,696 | 8.0 | 31,398 | 16.1 | 293,439 | 113.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expenses) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest and dividend
income |
786 | 0.4 | 869 | 0.5 | 1,157 | 0.6 | 10,813 | 33.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(665 | ) | (0.4 | ) | (605 | ) | (0.3 | ) | (588 | ) | (0.3 | ) | (5,495 | ) | (2.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Exchange gains (losses)
on foreign currency
transactions, net |
(1,460 | ) | (0.8 | ) | (202 | ) | (0.1 | ) | 37 | 0.0 | 346 | | ||||||||||||||||||||
Realized gains
(losses) on
securities, net |
(2,590 | ) | (1.5 | ) | 555 | 0.3 | 453 | 0.2 | 4,234 | (18.4 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other, net |
753 | 0.5 | 857 | 0.4 | 161 | 0.1 | 1,504 | (81.2 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
(3,176 | ) | (1.8 | ) | 1,474 | 0.8 | 1,220 | 0.6 | 11,402 | (17.2 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Income before income
taxes |
9,292 | 5.3 | 16,170 | 8.8 | 32,618 | 16.7 | 304,841 | 101.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income
taxes |
2,569 | | 8,479 | | 10,482 | 5.3 | 97,962 | 23.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
6,723 | 3.8 | 7,691 | 4.2 | 22,136 | 11.4 | 206,879 | 187.8 |
General Overviews
Regarding economic trends overseas during the year under review, the U.S. showed a moderate expansionary trend supported by firm private consumption and private capital investment. In Europe, although the U.K. economy was strong, boosted by demand for construction, the economies of Germany and other major countries saw a weakening of export growth because of the appreciation of the euro. Asian economies outside Japan, especially China, continued to sustain high rates of economic growth.
In Japan, expansion of private capital investment continued, but as a result of sharp increases in prices of raw materials and other factors, the economy as whole lost robustness in the second half of the fiscal year, thus bringing only relatively weak recovery.
The principal business of Makita is the manufacture and sale of power tools and woodworking machines. Principal products include circular saws, jigsaws, planers, drills, rotary hammers, grinders and slide compound saws. Makita has nine manufacturing centers, two located in Japan, two in China and one each in the United States, Canada, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Germany.
15
During fiscal 2005, Makita worked to expand its production in China and proceeded with initiatives to develop high value-added products that accurately meet user needs. In its sales activities, Makita continued to implement a global marketing strategy founded on after sales service that is closely integrated into local areas.
On a consolidated basis, our net sales in fiscal 2005 amounted to ¥194,737 million, up 5.8% from the previous fiscal year, the highest level in Makitas history. Net income amounted to ¥22,136 million, 187.8% higher than the previous fiscal year. Factors accounting for this included Makitas cost to sales ratio improved because of expansion in production at plants in Japan and China. Moreover, during the previous year, Makita reported an impairment loss of ¥5,596 million related to its golf course subsidiary. The absence of this loss in the year under review and other special factors, including the reporting of a gain of ¥4,441 million in connection with the return of the substitutional portion of the Companys Employee Pension Fund to the government resulted in an increase in operating income of 2.1 times, to ¥31,398 million.
Fiscal Year (FY) 2005 compared to FY2004
Net sales
Makitas consolidated net sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005 (FY 2005) amounted to ¥194,737 million, an increase of 5.8%, or ¥ 10,620 million, from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 (FY 2004). In FY 2005, the average yen-dollar exchange rate was ¥107.5 for $1.00, representing a 5.5% appreciation of the yen compared with the average level in FY 2004. The average level of the yen-euro exchange rate in FY 2005 was ¥135.2 for 1.00 euro, representing a 1.9% depreciation of the yen compared with the average level in FY 2004. Excluding the effect of appreciation of the euro and the depreciation of the U.S. dollar, consolidated net sales would have increased by 6.2% in FY 2005.
While Makitas consolidated net sales increased 5.8% in FY 2005, the overall number of units of products sold increased significantly in FY 2005, and excluding the effect of the decrease in prices of products, Makitas consolidated net sales would have increased by 7.5%, or by ¥ 13,798 million. The significant increase in the quantity of goods sold in FY 2005 primarily reflected strong sales of Makitas portable general-purpose tools, such as grinders, rotary hammers and hammer drills. Among others, Makitas new line-up cordless driver drill #6270 series were popular especially in Europe over Makitas competitors, in part reflecting the lower sales price resulting from the strength of the euro in FY 2005. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in sales in the North American market, as the North American home centers, as customers of Makita, continued to enhance their production and distribution of products under their own brand name. Among others, the number of drills sold in the North America market declined significantly in FY 2005.
The average price of Makitas products declined in FY 2005, and excluding the effect of the increase in the number of units sold, the drop of prices would have decreased Makitas net sales by 1.9%, or by ¥ 3,537 million. The reduction in prices was caused primarily by increased price competition in the markets and reduced cost of production, reflecting primarily the transfer of a part of Makitas production from Japan to the Peoples Republic of China, where the overall costs of production, including labor, parts and equipment, are significantly less expensive than in Japan. A second factor contributing to the decrease in Makitas prices of goods was the increased sales volume of MAKTEC, Makitas lower end brand, which continued to sell particularly well in Asia.
Sales of new products comprised 10.8% of consolidated net sales of Makita in FY 2005, or ¥ 21,119 million. Among others, new models of drills, hammer drills and circular saws were introduced during FY 2005 in most of Makitas markets world-wide and contributed significantly to the increase of Makitas net
16
sales in FY 2005. In particular, in overseas markets, especially in Europe, Makitas new products such as its new line-up cordless driver drill #6270 series proved very popular, in part because of the features and design and in part because of lower product prices reflecting the lower cost of production. In Japan, Makitas new cordless impact drivers and new circular saws sold well, responding to the increasing demand for renovation-related products in the market.
In terms of product type, there was an increase in the sales of portable general-purpose tools and income from parts, repairs and accessories by 6.3% or ¥ 9,692 million and 3.1% or ¥ 928 million, respectively. In particular, sales increased significantly in cordless impact drivers, circular saws and rotary hammers.
Sales by region
The increase in consolidated net sales in FY 2005 can be attributed primarily to increased sales in Asia (excluding Japan) increasing 14.7%, or ¥2,096 million, to ¥16,341 million and to increased sales in Europe increasing 13.4%, or ¥8,894 million, to ¥75,263 million and, to a lesser extent, increased sales in other regions including Australia, Latin America and Middle East increasing 12.2% or ¥2,756 million, to ¥25,264 million and increased sales in Japan increasing 0.6%, or ¥237 million, to ¥39,379 million. The increase was offset partially by decreased sales in North America falling 8.0%, or ¥3,363 million, to ¥38,490 million.
The increased sales in Asia (excluding Japan) in FY 2005 primarily reflected the increased number of units sold in Asia, particularly with respect to portable general-purpose tools, especially grinders and hammer drills. The increased quantity of units sold were mostly offset by the decreased price per product, resulting from the increased popularity of Makitas lower end brand, MAKTEC and, to a lesser extent, Makitas reduced cost of production. Net sales in yen terms increased in the Peoples Republic of China by 9.6% over amounts recorded in FY 2004. In addition, the introduction of new products contributed significantly to the increase of sales in Asia, in particular new models of drills and grinders. Excluding the effect of fluctuations of the local currencies, consolidated net sales would have increased by 16.6%, or ¥2,371 million in FY 2005.
The increased sales in Europe in FY 2005 primarily reflected the appreciation of the euro against the yen. In addition, the increased number of units sold in Europe, particularly with respect to portable general purpose tools, in especially Russia, Eastern European countries, the United Kingdom, Germany and France contributed to increased sales in Europe, partially offset by the decreased price per product resulting from reduced cost of production. Net sales in yen terms increased in Russia and Eastern Europe by 24.3%, in the United Kingdom by 14.1%, in Germany by 6.9% and in France by 15.1% over amounts recorded in FY 2004. Among others, Makitas products such as drills and rotary hammers were particularly popular in countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom, partly reflecting the lower sales price resulting from the strength of the euro in FY 2005. Drills and rotary hammers increased by 13.5% and 13.6% respectively. In addition, the introduction of new products contributed significantly to the increase of sales in Europe, in particular new models of cordless driver-drills, rotary hammers and chain saws. Excluding the effect of fluctuations of the local currencies, consolidated net sales would have increased by 11.0%, or ¥7,304 million in FY 2005.
The increased sales in other regions including Australia, Latin America and the Middle East in FY 2005 were primarily due to an increased number of units sold in such other regions, particularly with respect to portable general purpose tools such as grinders, impact driver drills and rotary hammers sold in the Middle East, Africa and Australia. In FY 2005 Makita saw significant success in its sales efforts to new markets in the Middle East and Africa. The increased number of Makita products sold in other regions was partially offset by the decreased price per product resulting from the reduced cost of production, especially in
17
grinders. Overall, net sales of grinders increased by 11.8% over amounts recorded in FY 2004. In addition, the introduction of new products contributed significantly to the increase of sales in other regions, in particular new models of rotary hammers and grinders. Excluding the effect of fluctuations of the local currencies, consolidated net sales would have increased by 14.3%, or ¥3,214 million in FY 2005.
The increased sales in Japan in FY 2005 primarily reflected the increased number of units sold with respect to its portable general purpose tools such as Makitas mainstay impact driver drills and circular saws, partially offset by the decline in the number of units sold in stationary woodworking machines and parts for repairs. On the other hand, continuing low levels of housing construction in Japan restrained the growth of demand for Makitas products and increased overall competition resulted in price pressure. In addition, the introduction of new products contributed significantly to the increase of sales in Japan, in particular new models of renovation-related products such as cordless impact driver drills and circular saws.
The decreased sales in North America in FY 2005 were primarily due to the depreciation of the dollar against the yen. To a lesser extent, decreased sales in North America were due to overall declining demand in North America, as home centers in the United States and Canada enhanced production and distribution of products under their own brand name and, as a result, Makitas sales to home centers declined. In addition, a part of the decrease in sales was attributable to the increase in competitive pressures resulting in enhanced sales incentives offered to professional user customers. The decline in sales in North America was despite Makitas successful marketing programs aimed at the professional user market in the United States and Canada, and Makitas reorganization of its distribution networks in the United States. In the United States, sales in dollar terms declined by 4.0%, as a result of weaker sales volume reflecting mainly the decrease in sales to home centers, such as sales of drills, circular saws and sanders. Overall, net sales of drills in North America decreased by 20.0% as compared to the amounts recorded in FY 2004. Excluding the effect of fluctuations of the local currencies, consolidated net sales would have decreased by 4.2%, or ¥1,752 million in FY 2005.
Review of Performance by Product Group
Portable General Purpose Tools
The portable general purpose tools group offers a wide range of dependable cordless drills, hammer
drills, rotary hammers, demolition hammers, grinders, drills, sanders, screwdrivers, impact
wrenches, shears, nibblers, and cutters. This group generates the largest portion of Makitas
consolidated net sales. In FY 2005, sales of portable general purpose tools grew 7.7%, to ¥105,736
million, accounting for 54.3% of consolidated net sales. In Japan, sales of portable general
purpose tools increased 1.5%, to ¥14,129 million, accounting for 35.9% of total domestic sales.
Overseas sales of portable general purpose tools increased 8.7%, to ¥91,607 million, or 59.0% of
total overseas sales.
Portable Woodworking Tools
Principal products in Makitas portable woodworking tools group include circular saws, jigsaws,
recipro saws, planers, routers, trimmers, and pneumatic nailers. In FY 2005, Makita recorded a 0.2%
increase in sales of portable woodworking tools, to ¥34,507 million, or 17.7% of consolidated net
sales. Domestic sales of portable woodworking tools decreased 4.8%, to ¥6,744 million, accounting
for 17.1% of total domestic sales. Makita posted a 1.5% increase in overseas sales of portable
woodworking tools, to ¥27,763 million, which accounted for
17.9% of total overseas sales in FY 2005.
Stationary Woodworking Machines
Makitas extensive lineup of stationary woodworking machines encompasses table saws,
planer-jointers, and band saws. Sales of stationary woodworking machines in FY 2005 fell 8.1%, to
¥1,573 million, accounting for 0.8% of consolidated net sales. Domestic sales of stationary
woodworking machines dropped 8.4%, to ¥853 million,
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accounting for 2.2% of total domestic sales. Overseas sales of stationary woodworking machines were ¥720 million, a 6.5% decrease from the previous fiscal year, accounting for 0.5% of Makitas total overseas sales.
Other Products
Makitas other products category includes industrial-use dust collectors and generators as well as
various products for garden and home use, including chain saws, brush cutters, grass cutters, hedge
trimmers, blowers, and cordless cleaners. In FY 2005, sales of other products grew 11.3%, to
¥21,763 million, accounting for 11.2% of net sales. In Japan, Makita recorded a 3.8% rise in sales
of other products, to ¥8,473 million, accounting for 21.5% of total domestic sales. Overseas sales
of other products increased 16.7%, to ¥13,290 million, accounting for 8.6% of total overseas sales.
Parts, Repairs and Accessories
Makitas after-sales services include the sale of parts and accessories and repairs. In FY 2005,
parts, repairs, and accessories sales edged up 5.5%, to ¥31,158 million, accounting for 16.0% of
consolidated net sales. Domestic sales of parts, repairs, and accessories increased 10.3% to ¥9,180
million and contributed 23.3% of total domestic sales. Overseas sales of parts, repairs, and
accessories advanced 3.7%, to ¥21,978 million, accounting for 14.1% of total overseas sales.
Cost of sales
Cost of sales increased 2.7%, or ¥3,001 million, to ¥113,323 million, and the ratio of cost of
sales to net sales decreased by 1.7 %, falling from 59.9% to 58.2%. The ratio of cost of sales to
net sales improved mainly due to Makitas strategy to expand production in China and to further
develop high value-added products. As a result of this strategy, productivity in Makitas factories
in China and Japan improved, accounting for 1.3% out of the 1.7% improvement in the ratio of cost
of sales to net sales.
Gross profit
In addition to cost reductions, the appreciation of the euro against the yen and the dollar
increased the profitability of products manufactured in Japan and China and marketed in Europe. As
a result, gross profit in FY 2005 increased 10.3%, to ¥81,414 million. The ratio of gross profit to
net sales improved 1.7 percentage points, from 40.1% to 41.8%.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses dropped 2.0%, or ¥1,052 million, to ¥52,646
million, in FY 2005, principally as a result of a decrease in pension cost due to an amendment and
the transfer to the government of the substitutional portion of domestic pension plan, and
depreciation expenses. In addition, the ratio of SG&A expenses to net sales decreased 2.1
percentage point, from 29.2% to 27.1%, principally as a result of reduced personnel expenses due to
restructuring in the U.S.A. with the aim to reduce personnel expenses and depreciation expenses to
net sales.
Loss/Gain on disposal or sales of property, plant and equipment
In FY2005, there was a loss of ¥1,234 million, versus a gain of ¥2,379 million in FY2004.
In FY2004, the Company sold a portion of land and structures at its head office premises in Anjo,
Aichi Prefecture in Japan. This gain is recorded in the Japan segment. In FY2005, Makitas
factories disposed of or sold some equipment, and the Company sold a portion of land in Sapporo,
Hokkaido in Japan. These dispositions and sales were recorded as a loss in the Japan segment. Most
of the dispositions and sales resulting in the loss were in connection with Makitas ordinary course
of business.
Impairment of long-lived assets
FASB Statement No. 144 Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets requires an
asset impairment adjustment if the sum of the estimated assets related undiscounted future cash
flows is less than the
19
current carrying value of the asset. If an asset is deemed to be impaired, the value of the asset is written down to its estimated fair value.
Makita made a decision to discontinue the use of a certain information technology facility located in zoning area in Japan during FY 2005. In accordance with FASB No. 144, Makita recorded a ¥577 million impairment loss on this facility in the Japan segment. The estimated fair value of ¥196 million represents the fair value of the land as determined by a third party appraiser considering the estimated net cash flows from effecting the sale to a third party purchaser. Current zoning regulations require that a buyer utilize the Facility on substantially the same basis. Therefore, the combination of the limitations imposed by the zoning rules and the fact that the Facility is located in a rural, non industrial section of Japan has caused management to determine that the recoverable value on an as is basis will be most likely limited to the estimated fair value of the land.
Transfer to the government of the substitutional portion of pension plan
Until June, 2004, Makita had an employee pension fund in Japan, which was a defined benefit pension
fund established under the Japanese pension law. This domestic contributory plan was composed of a
corporate defined benefit portion established by the Company and a substitutional portion based on
benefits prescribed by the Japanese government. The Company was exempted from contributing to the
Japanese Pension Insurance program that would otherwise have been required if it had not elected to
fund the government substitutional portion of the benefit through a domestic contributory plan
arrangement. The plan assets of the domestic contributory plan were invested and managed as a
single portfolio for the entire domestic contributory plan and were not separately attributed to
the substitutional and corporate portions. In June 2001, the Japanese pension law was amended to
permit an employer to elect to transfer the entire substitutional portion benefit obligation from
the domestic contributory plan to the government together with a specified amount of plan assets
pursuant to a government formula. After such transfer, the employer would be required to make
periodic contributions to the Japanese Pension Insurance program, and the Japanese government would
be responsible for all benefit payments. The corporate portion of the domestic contributory plan
would continue to exist exclusively as a corporate defined benefit pension plan. Makita has
accounted for the transfer in accordance with EITF 03-02 Accounting for the Transfer to the
Japanese Government of the Substitutional Portion of Employee Pension Fund Liabilities. As
specified in EITF 03-02, the entire separation process has been accounted for at the time of
completion of the transfer to the government of the benefit obligation and related plan assets as a
settlement in accordance with SFAS No.88 Employers Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of
Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits. The aggregate effect of this
separation was determined based on the Companys pension benefit obligation as of the date the
transfer was completed and the amount of plan assets required to be transferred.
The Company received an approval of exemption from the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare in January 2003, from the obligation for benefits related to future employee service with respect to the substitutional portion of its domestic contributory plan. The Company received government approval of exemption from the obligation for benefits related to past employee service in April 2004 with respect to the substitutional portion of its domestic contributory plan. The transfer to the government was completed on June 28, 2004.
As a result of the transfer, the Company recognized a subsidy from the Japanese government equal to the difference between the fair value of the obligation deemed settled with the Japanese government and the assets required to be transferred to the government in the amount of ¥9,128 million in FY2005. In addition, the Company recognized a settlement loss equal to the amount calculated as the ratio of the obligation settled to the total employees pension fund obligation immediately prior to settlement, both of which exclude the effect of future salary progression relating to the substitutional portion, times the net unrecognized gain/loss immediately prior to settlement, which amounted to Yen 4,687 million. The resulting net gain of ¥4,441 million was recorded as a transfer to the government of the substitutional portion of pension plan in the accompanying consolidated income statement in FY 2005.
Operating income
As a result of the factors indicated above, operating income grew 113.6%, to ¥31,398 million, in FY
2005, and the ratio of operating income to net sales rose 8.1 percentage points, from 8.0% to
16.1%.
Other income (expenses)
Other income dropped 17.2%, or ¥254 million, to ¥1,220 million, in FY 2005. This decrease
reflects a decrease in realized gains on securities and other income by 56.5%, or ¥798 million, to
¥614 million, in FY 2005. The foregoing decrease was partially offset by the following factors.
(1) Interest and dividend income increased 33.1%, or ¥288 million, to ¥1,157 million, in FY 2005.
This resulted from the increase in the amount of cash equivalents with foreign subsidiaries and the
average balance of Securities. (2)As a result of decreases of weighted average interest rates on
borrowings, interest expense decreased by 2.8%, or ¥17 million, to ¥588 million, in FY 2005.
(3)The balance of foreign exchange gains and losses improved by ¥239 million to a ¥37 million gain in
FY2005 from a ¥202 million loss
20
in FY2004. This reflects the Euro appreciating against the Japanese yen and the U.S. dollar depreciating against the Japanese yen in this period.
Income before income taxes
Income before income taxes in FY 2005 increased by 101.7%, or ¥16,448 million, to ¥32,618 million, and
the ratio of operating income to net sales rose 7.9 percentage points, from 8.8% in FY 2004 to
16.7% in FY 2005.
Provision for income taxes
Total provision for income taxes increased by 23.6% as compared with FY2004 and amounted to
¥10,482 million in FY 2005, mainly because of a rise in the taxable income of Makita.
The effective income tax rate was 32.1%, compared with the statutory income tax rate of 40.3%. The difference between these rates was mainly attributed to the effect of tax treaties, through which Japanese corporations can claim a tax credit against Japanese income taxes on income earned in certain countries, even through that income is exempted from income taxes or is reduced by special tax incentive measures in those countries, as if no special exemption or reduction was provided. The Company applied such tax sparing mainly to China with the indicated tax reduction effect.
Net income
As a result of the foregoing, net income for FY 2005 increased 187.8% or ¥14,445 million, to
¥22,136 million.
Earnings per share
Basic net income per share of common stock amounted to ¥153.9, compared with ¥53.2 in FY 2004.
Diluted net income per share amounted to ¥148.8, compared with ¥51.9 in FY 2004.
Regional Segments
Segment information described below is determined by the location of the Company and its relevant
subsidiaries.
Japan Segment
In FY 2005, sales in the Japan segment grew 10.9%, to ¥98,741 million. Sales to outside customers
advanced 5.3% to ¥50,955 million, which accounted for 26.2% of consolidated net sales. The increase
reflects a 0.6% rise in sales in the domestic market as well as a 24.9% surge in export sales
mainly to Asia. Segment operating income climbed 11.0 times, to ¥15,915 million, owing to a 5.4%
fall in operation expenses to ¥82,826 million. The decrease in operating expenses resulted from a
gain of ¥4,441 million in connection with the return of the substitutional portion of the Companys
Employee Pension Fund to the government in FY2005, versus an impairment loss of ¥5,996 million
related to its golf course subsidiary in FY2004, and due to improved productivity in the Japanese
factory and the Chinese factories.
North America Segment
In FY 2005, sales in the North America segment dropped 7.6%, to ¥42,190 million. Sales to outside
customers fell 7.4% to ¥38,607 million, which accounted for 19.8% of consolidated net sales. This
decline in sales to outside customers mainly due to overall declining demand in North America, as
home centers in the United States and Canada enhanced production and distribution of products under
their own brand name and, as a result, Makitas sales to home centers declined. Segment operating
income surged 123.9% to ¥1,610 million, principally owing to a 9.7% fall in operating expenses to
¥40,580 million. The decrease in operating expenses reflected lower expenses due to restructuring
measures that reduced personnel expenses and due to improved productivity in the Chinese factories.
Europe Segment
In FY 2005, sales in the Europe segment grew 13.7% to ¥81,666 million. Sales to outside customers
advanced 13.0%, to ¥75,864 million, which accounted for 39.0% of consolidated net sales. Segment
operating income surged 35.4%, to ¥10,125 million, principally owing to a rise in net sales on a
local currency basis as well as to a rise in
21
operating profit rates resulting from the strength of the euro and the improved cost efficiency following the shift of a portion of our manufacturing processes to factories in China.
Asia Segment
In FY 2005, sales in the Asia segment increased 46.0% to ¥42,315 million. Sales to outside
customers advanced 11.6%, to ¥7,378 million, which accounted for 3.8% of consolidated net sales.
Segment operating income grew 68.2%, to ¥4,926 million in FY 2005. The decrease in operating
expenses reflected improved productivity in the Chinese factories.
Other Segment
In FY 2005, sales in the other segment increased 8.3% to ¥22,101 million. Sales to outside
customers increased by 8.1%, to ¥21,933 million, which accounted for 11.3% of consolidated net sales.
Segment operating income fell 29.0%, to ¥955 million in FY 2005.
Fiscal Year (FY) 2004 compared to FY2003
Net sales
Makitas consolidated net sales for FY 2004 amounted to ¥184,117 million, an increase of 4.8%, or ¥ 8,514 million, from FY 2003. In FY 2004, the average yen-dollar exchange rate was ¥113.2 for $1.00, representing a 7.2% appreciation of the yen compared with the average level in FY 2003. The average level of the yen-euro exchange rate in FY 2004 was ¥132.7 for 1.00 euro, representing a 9.7% depreciation of the yen compared with the average level in FY 2003. Excluding the effect of the appreciation of the euro and the depreciation of the U.S. dollar, consolidated net sales would have increased by 3.8% in FY 2004.
While Makitas consolidated net sales increased 4.8% in FY 2004, the overall number of units of products sold increased significantly in FY 2004, and excluding the effect of the decrease in prices of products, would have increased Makitas consolidated net sales by 5.6%, or by ¥ 9,834 million. The significant increase in the quantity of goods sold in FY 2004 primarily reflected strong sales of Makitas portable general purpose tools, such as hammer drills, grinders and cordless driver-drills. Among others, Makitas new line-up of 2kg rotary hammers were popular, especially in Europe, over Makitas competitors, in part reflecting the lower sales price resulting from the strength of the euro in FY 2004. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in sales in the North American market, as the North American home centers, as customers of Makita, enhanced their production and distribution of products under their own brand name. Among others, the number of table saws sold in the North American market declined significantly in FY 2004.
The average price of Makitas products declined in FY 2004, and excluding the effect of the increase in the number of units sold, the drop of prices would have decreased Makitas net sales by 1.8%, or by ¥ 3,400 million. The reduction in price was primarily a result of reduced cost of production, reflecting primarily the transfer of a part of Makitas production from Japan to the Peoples Republic of China, where the overall costs of production, including labor, parts and equipment, are significantly less expensive than in Japan. A second factor contributing to the decrease in Makitas prices of goods was the increased sales volume of MAKTEC, Makitas lower end brand, which sold particularly well in Asia. Finally, a portion of the downward price pressure on Makitas products is attributable to enhanced competition, particularly in Thailand, the Peoples Republic of China and Singapore, for products such as portable cut-off saws, grinders and hammer drills, resulting in price cuts and enhanced offers of sales incentives.
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Sales of new products comprised 9.4% of consolidated net sales of Makita in FY 2004, or ¥ 17,374 million. Among others, new models of cordless driver-drills, circular saws and hammer drills were introduced during FY 2004 in most of Makitas markets world-wide and contributed significantly to the increase of Makitas net sales in FY 2004. In particular, in overseas markets, especially in Europe, Makitas new products such as its new line-up of 2kg rotary hammers proved very popular, in part because of the features and design and in part because of lower product prices reflecting the lower cost of production. In Japan, Makitas new circular saws and new cordless impact drivers sold well, responding to the increasing demand of renovation-related products in the market.
In terms of product type, there was an increase in the sales of portable general-purpose tools and income from parts, repairs and accessories by 6.5% or ¥ 6,032 million and 5.1% or ¥ 1,474 million, respectively. In particular, sales increased significantly in cordless impact drivers, circular saws and hammer drills. The increased sales of such products were offset in part by an 11.1% or ¥ 213 million decrease in sales of stationary woodworking machines.
Sales by region
The increase in consolidated net sales in FY 2004 can be attributed primarily to sales in Europe increasing 15.1%, or ¥8,721 million, to ¥66,369 million, to increased sales in other regions including Australia, Latin America and Middle East increasing 13.5% or ¥2,681 million, to ¥22,508 million and, to a lesser extent, sales in Asia (excluding Japan) increasing 3.4%, or ¥471 million, to ¥14,245 million and sales in Japan increasing 0.9%, or ¥361 million, to ¥39,142 million. The increase was offset partially by sales in North America falling 8.2%, or ¥3,720 million, to ¥41,853 million.
The increased sales in Europe in FY 2004 primarily reflected the appreciation of the euro against the yen. In addition, the increased number of units sold in Europe, particularly with respect to portable general purpose tools, in especially Russia, Eastern European countries, the United Kingdom, Germany and France contributed to increased sales in Europe, partially offset by the decreased price per product resulting from reduced cost of production. Net sales, denominated in local currency, increased in Russia by 27.6%, in Eastern Europe by 22.0%, in the United Kingdom by 8.4%, in Germany by 14.9% and in France by 20.5% over amounts recorded in FY 2003. Among others, Makitas products such as cordless driver-drills and 2 kg rotary hammers were particularly popular in countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom, partly reflecting the lower sales price resulting from the strength of the euro in FY 2004. Cordless driver-drills and hammer drills increased by 19.4% and 11.8% respectively. In addition, the introduction of new products contributed significantly to the increase of sales in Europe, in particular new models of cordless driver-drills, circular saws and hammer drills. Excluding the effect of fluctuations of the local currencies, consolidated net sales would have increased by 7.2% in FY 2004.
The increased sales in other regions including Australia, Latin America and the Middle East in FY 2004 primarily reflected the increased number of units sold in other regions, particularly with respect to portable general purpose tools such as cordless driver-drills and hammer drills sold in the Middle East, Africa and Australia. Net sales, denominated in local currency, increased in Australia by 18.1%, in UAE by 23.5% and in New Zealand by 27.6% over amounts recorded in FY 2003. Among others, in FY 2004 Makita saw significant success in its sales efforts to new markets in the Middle East and Africa. The increased number of Makita products sold in other regions was partially offset by the decreased price per product resulting from the reduced cost of production, especially in cordless driver-drills. Overall, net sales of cordless driver-drills increased by 24.7% over amounts recorded in FY 2003. In addition, the introduction of new products contributed significantly to the increase of sales in other regions, in particular new models of cordless driver-drills, table saws and circular saws. Excluding the effect of fluctuations of the local currencies, consolidated net sales would have increased by 12.5% in FY 2004.
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The increased sales in Asia (excluding Japan) in FY 2004 primarily reflected the increased number of units sold in Asia, particularly with respect to portable general purpose tools, especially hand drills and grinders. The increased quantity of units sold were mostly offset by the decreased price per product, resulting from the increased popularity of Makitas lower end brand, MAKTEC and, to a lesser extent, Makitas reduced cost of production. Net sales, denominated in local currency, increased in Taiwan by 5.1% and in Singapore by 3.8% over amounts recorded in FY 2003. In addition, the introduction of new products contributed significantly to the increase of sales in Asia, in particular new models of hammer drills, cordless driver-drills and grinders. Excluding the effect of fluctuations of the local currencies, consolidated net sales would have increased by 6.6% in FY 2004.
The increased sales in Japan in FY 2004 primarily reflected the increased number of units sold with respect to its portable general purpose tools such as Makitas mainstay impact driver products and portable woodworking tools, partially offset by the decline in the number of units sold in stationary woodworking machines and parts, repairs and accessories. Overall, net sales of cordless driver-drills including impact drivers increased by 4.9% over the amounts recorded in FY 2003. On the other hand, continuing low levels of housing construction in Japan restrained the growth of demand for Makitas products and increased overall competition resulted in price pressure. In addition, the introduction of new products contributed significantly to the increase of sales in Japan, in particular new models of renovation-related products such as cordless impact drivers and circular saws.
The decrease in sales in North America in FY 2004 was primarily due to the depreciation of the dollar against the yen. To a lesser extent, the decrease in sales in North America was due to overall declining demand, as home centers in the United States and Canada enhanced production and distribution of products under their own brand name and, as a result, Makitas sales to home centers declined. In addition, a part of the decrease in sales was attributable to the increase in competitive pressures resulting in enhanced sales incentives offered to professional user customers. The decline in sales in North America was despite Makitas successful marketing programs aimed at the professional user market in the United States and Canada, and Makitas reorganization of its distribution networks in the United States. In the United States, sales in dollar terms declined by 3.2%, as a result of weaker sales volume reflecting mainly the decrease in sales to home centers, such as sales of table saws. Overall, net sales of table saws in North America decreased by 30.8% as compared to the amounts recorded in FY 2003. In Canada, sales in Canadian dollar terms declined by 3.2%, as a result of weaker sales volume, also reflecting mainly the decrease in sales to home centers.
Review of Performance by Product Group
Portable General Purpose Tools
The portable general purpose tools group offers a wide range of dependable cordless drills, hammer
drills, rotary hammers, demolition hammers, grinders, drills, sanders, screwdrivers, impact
wrenches, shears, nibblers, and cutters. This group generates the largest portion of Makitas
consolidated net sales. In FY 2004, sales of portable general purpose tools grew 6.5%, to ¥98,176
million, accounting for 53.3% of consolidated net sales. In Japan, sales of portable general
purpose tools increased 3.5%, to ¥13,922 million, accounting for 35.6% of total domestic sales.
Overseas sales of portable general purpose tools increased 7.1%, to ¥84,254 million, or 58.1% of
total overseas sales.
Portable Woodworking Tools
Principal products in Makitas portable woodworking tools group include circular saws, jigsaws,
recipro saws, planers, routers, trimmers, and pneumatic nailers. In FY 2004, Makita recorded a 2.4%
increase in sales of portable woodworking tools, to ¥34,452 million, or 18.7% of consolidated net
sales. Domestic sales of portable woodworking tools increased 4.4%, to ¥7,086 million, accounting
for 18.1% of total domestic sales. Makita posted a 1.9% increase in overseas sales of portable
woodworking tools, to ¥27,366 million, which accounting for
24
18.9% of total overseas sales in FY 2004.
Stationary Woodworking Machines
Makitas extensive lineup of stationary woodworking machines encompasses table saws,
planer-jointers, and band saws. Sales of stationary woodworking machines in FY 2004 fell 11.1%, to
¥1,711 million, accounting for 1.0% of consolidated net sales. Domestic sales of stationary
woodworking machines dropped 8.6%, to ¥941 million, accounting for 2.4% of total domestic sales.
Overseas sales of stationary woodworking machines were ¥770 million, a 13.9% decrease from the
previous fiscal year, accounting for 0.5% of Makitas total overseas sales.
Other Products
Makitas other products category includes industrial-use dust collectors and generators as well as
various products for garden and home use, including chain saws, brush cutters, grass cutters, hedge
trimmers, blowers, and cordless cleaners. In FY 2004, sales of other products grew 2.1%, to ¥19,548
million, accounting for 10.6% of net sales. In Japan, Makita recorded a 0.2% rise in sales of other
products, to ¥8,160 million, accounting for 20.8% of total domestic sales. Overseas sales of other
products increased 3.5%, to ¥11,388 million, accounting for 7.9% of total overseas sales.
Parts, Repairs and Accessories
Makitas after-sales services include the sale of parts and accessories and repairs. In FY 2004,
parts, repairs, and accessories sales edged up 5.1%, to ¥30,230 million, accounting for 16.4% of
consolidated net sales. Domestic sales of parts, repairs, and accessories declined 3.6% to ¥9,033
million and contributed 23.1% of total domestic sales. Overseas sales of parts, repairs, and
accessories advanced 9.4%, to ¥21,197 million, accounting for 14.6% of total overseas sales.
Cost of sales
Cost of sales increased 0.1%, or ¥96 million, to ¥110,322 million. Previously, processes from
processing stages through assembly stages were handled at each factory, but Makita has worked to
reduce costs by shifting some processing work, such as that related to a portion of motors, to
subsidiaries in China, which have lower labor costs than their factories in Japan; increasing
efficiency; and reducing costs by positioning other overseas subsidiaries as specializing in
assembly processes. In addition, Makita has concentrated its capabilities and developed the Maktec
line of products that include a higher share of relatively inexpensive materials from China. Sales
of Maktec products have been initiated in Asia, Oceania, and Europe. Consequently, the ratio of
cost of sales to net sales improved by 2.9 percentage points, falling from 62.8% to 59.9%.
Gross profit
In addition to cost reductions, the appreciation of the euro against the yen and the dollar
increased the profitability of products manufactured in Japan and China and marketed in Europe. As
a result, gross profit in FY 2004 increased 12.9%, to ¥73,795 million. The ratio of gross profit to
net sales improved 2.9 percentage points, from 37.2% to 40.1%.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses grew 4.1%, or ¥2,119 million, to ¥53,698
million, in FY 2004, principally as a result of an increase in personnel, product shipping,
advertising and promotion, and R&D expenses. However, the ratio of SG&A expenses to net sales edged
down 0.2 percentage points, from 29.4% to 29.2%, principally as a result of drops in the ratios of
personnel and shipping costs and depreciation expenses to net sales.
Loss/Gain on disposal or sales of property, plant and equipment
Makita added a new line item, Gain on Sales of Property, Plant and Equipment, to its consolidated
statements of income in FY2004 due to the increased significance of such gains in FY2004. Gains
amounted to ¥2,379 million in FY2004, versus a loss of ¥1,330 million in FY2003.
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In FY2004, the Company sold a portion of land and structures of its head office premises in Anjo, Aichi Prefecture in Japan. The gain of ¥1,850 million is recorded in the Japan segment. In addition, a U.S.-based subsidiary sold its branches and warehouses due to the reorganization of its distribution network, which resulted in a recorded gain of ¥551 million in the North America segment.
Impairment of long-lived assets
In accordance with FASB Statement No. 144, Makita wrote down
¥7,780 million of property, plant and
equipment in Japan and the United Kingdom in FY 2004, including a golf course and a certain
R&D-facility in Japan and a production facility in the United Kingdom.
In December 2003, in connection with ongoing strategic revenue growth and cost cutting initiatives, specifically including an evaluation of its corporate wide marketing and promotional activities and the cost benefit relationship therefrom, and the continued rationalization of certain personnel related costs, Makita made a decision to no longer consider a golf course owned by a consolidated subsidiary as a corporate asset and curtailed utilizing such for promotional, entertainment and employee welfare purposes. As a result of this decision, Makita performed an impairment analysis by considering cash flows expected to be generated from the golf course on a stand alone basis and recorded an impairment charge of ¥5,996 million to reduce the carrying value to its estimated fair value, as determined on a discounted cash flow basis. Following a decision to discontinue the use of a certain research and development facility and a related administrative facility during fiscal 2004, Makita recorded a ¥1,541 million impairment loss on the subject long-lived asset in the Japan segment. In addition, Makita revalued a production facility owned by a subsidiary in the United Kingdom that it planned to sell, based on the estimated prospective selling price of a portion of the factory, less estimated cost to sell, which resulted in a ¥243 million impairment loss in the Europe segment. Such production facility was sold in April 2004.
Operating income
As a result of the factors indicated above, operating income grew 17.9%, to ¥14,696 million, in FY
2004, and the ratio of operating income to net sales rose 0.9 percentage points, from 7.1% to 8.0%.
Other income (expenses)
The balance of other income and expenses improved ¥4,650 million (income of ¥1,474 million in FY
2004 versus expense of ¥3,176 million in the previous year). This mainly resulted from ¥555 million
of gains on the sale of securities, which was made possible by a recovery in stock prices, as
compared to realized losses of securities of ¥2,590 million in the previous year. In addition,
foreign exchange losses declined ¥1,258 million (FY 2004 ¥202 million loss versus FY 2003 ¥1,460
million loss). This reflected the earlier noted exchange movements (appreciating Euro and declining
Dollar versus Yen) and Makitas increased use of risk hedging in FY2004.
Income before income taxes
Income before income taxes in FY 2004 surged 74.0%, or ¥6,878 million, to ¥16,170 million, and the
ratio of operating income to net sales rose 3.5 percentage points, from 5.3% in FY 2003 to 8.8% in
FY 2004.
Provision for income taxes
Total provision for income taxes increased 230.1%, to ¥8,479 million in FY 2004, mainly because of
a rise in the taxable income of Makita. This higher percentage increase in provisions
for income taxes as compared to the percentage increase in income before income taxes was
primarily due to an increase in the effective tax rate.
The effective income tax rate was 52.4%, compared with a statutory income tax rate of 41.4%. The difference between those rates was mainly attributed to the increase in valuation allowance as a percentage of income before income taxes, which was caused by a 100% valuation allowance established on the impairment loss on long-lived assets of a subsidiary that operates a golf course in Japan.
26
Net income
As a result of the foregoing, net income for fiscal 2004 increased 14.4% or ¥ 968 million, to
¥7,691 million.
Earnings per share
Basic net income per share of common stock amounted to ¥53.2, compared with ¥45.3 in FY 2003.
Diluted net income per share amounted to ¥51.9, compared with ¥44.2 in FY 2003.
Regional Segments
Segment information described below is determined by the location of the Company and its relevant
subsidiaries.
Japan Segment
In FY 2004, sales in the Japan segment grew 2.5%, to ¥89,046 million. Sales to outside customers
advanced 3.2% to ¥48,413 million, which accounted for 26.3% of consolidated net sales. The increase
reflects a 0.9% rise in sales in the domestic market as well as a 14.2% surge in export sales
mainly to Asia. Segment operating income dropped 63.0%, to ¥1,452 million, due to the earlier noted
¥ 7,537 million impairment losses with respect to a research and development facility and a golf
course that increased operating expenses by 5.6%, to ¥87,594 million. There were no similar
impairment related charges in FY 2003.
North America Segment
In FY 2004, sales in the North America segment dropped 8.1%, to ¥45,677 million. Sales to outside
customers fell 9.0% to ¥41,699 million, which accounted for 22.6% of consolidated net sales. This
decline in sales to outside customers was attributed to competitive pressure that caused declines
in sales volume and increase of offered sales incentives, though the economic conditions remained
robust. Segment operating income surged 167.3% to ¥719 million, principally owing to a 9.1% fall in
operating expenses to ¥44,958 million. The decrease in operating expenses reflected the improved
profitability of products manufactured in Chinese factories as well as a ¥555 million gain mainly
on the sale of marketing branches and warehouses due to the reorganization of the distribution
network of Makitas U.S.-based marketing subsidiary. It also reflected lower expenses due to
restructuring measures that reduced personnel expenses.
Europe Segment
In FY 2004, sales in the Europe segment grew 13.6% to ¥71,836 million. Sales to outside customers
advanced 15.7%, to ¥67,110 million, which accounted for 36.4% of consolidated net sales. Segment
operating income surged 92.8%, to ¥7,478 million, principally owing to a rise in net sales on a
local currency basis as well as to a rise in operating profit rates resulting from the strength of
the euro and the improved cost efficiency following the shift of a portion of our manufacturing
processes to factories in China.
Asia Segment
In FY 2004, sales in the Asia segment increased 12.4% to ¥28,976 million. Sales to outside
customers fell 5.7%, to ¥6,612 million, which accounted for 3.6% of consolidated net sales.
Segment operating income grew 22.0%, to ¥2,928 million in FY 2004.
Other Segment
In FY 2004, sales in the other segment increased 8.3% to ¥20,406 million. Sales to outside
customers advanced 8.1%, to ¥20,283 million, which accounted for 11.1% of consolidated net sales.
Segment operating income grew 204.4%, to ¥1,345 million in FY 2005.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
As disclosed in Note 3 of the Notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the
preparation of Makitas consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S generally accepted
accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. These
estimates and assumptions were determined by managements judgment based on currently known facts,
situations and plans for future activities, which may change
27
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
(millions) | (thousand) | |||||||||||||||
For the year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
Volume-based rebates: |
||||||||||||||||
Actual payment for the year |
(4,200 | ) | (3,934 | ) | (4,450 | ) | (41,589 | ) | ||||||||
Income statement impact for the year |
3,764 | 3,903 | 4,333 | 40,495 | ||||||||||||
Accrued expenses (BS) as of March 31, |
1,309 | 1,278 | 1,161 | 10,850 | ||||||||||||
Cooperative advertisings: |
||||||||||||||||
Actual payment for the year |
(1,841 | ) | (2,076 | ) | (1,900 | ) | (17,757 | ) | ||||||||
Income statement impact for the year |
1,827 | 2,147 | 1,812 | 16,935 | ||||||||||||
Accrued expenses (BS) as of March 31, |
525 | 596 | 508 | 4,748 | ||||||||||||
Cash discounts: |
||||||||||||||||
Actual payment for the year |
(3,691 | ) | (3,680 | ) | (3,712 | ) | (34,692 | ) | ||||||||
Income statement impact for the year |
3,669 | 3,661 | 3,684 | 34,430 | ||||||||||||
Accrued expenses (BS) as of March 31, |
271 | 252 | 224 | 2,093 | ||||||||||||
28
Inventory valuation and reserve
Unrealized Losses on Securities
Allowance for Doubtful Receivables
29
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Makita believes that impairment of long-lived assets is critical for its financial statements
because Makita has significant amounts of property, plant and equipment, the recoverability of
which could significantly affect its operating results and financial condition.
Makita periodically performs an impairment review for long-lived assets held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. This review is based upon Makitas projections of expected undiscounted future cash flows. Estimates of the future cash flows are based on the historical trends adjusted to reflect the best estimate of future operating conditions. Makita believes that its estimates are reasonable. However, different assumptions regarding such cash flows could materially affect Makitas evaluations. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to the expected future undiscounted cash flows of the asset or group of assets. If an asset or group of assets is considered to be impaired due to factors such as a significant decline in market value of an asset, current period operating cash outflows losses and significant changes in the manner of the use of an asset, the impairment charge to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or group of assets exceeds fair value. Long-lived assets meeting the criteria to be considered as held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
Fair value is determined based on recent transactions involving sales of similar assets or on appraisals prepared internally or externally, or by using other valuation techniques. If actual market and operating conditions under which assets are operated are less favorable than those projected by management, resulting in lower expected future cash flows or a shorter expected future period to generate such cash flows, additional impairment charges may be required. In addition, changes in estimates resulting in lower fair values due to unanticipated changes in business or operating assumptions could adversely affect the valuations of long-lived assets and in turn affect Makitas consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
Accrued Retirement and Termination Benefits
Makita believes that pension accounting is critical for its financial statements because
assumptions used to estimate pension benefit obligations and pension expenses can have a
significant effect on its operating results and financial condition. Accrued retirement and
termination benefits are determined based on consideration of the levels of retirement and
termination liabilities and plan assets at the end of a given fiscal year. The levels of projected
benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost are calculated based on various annuity
actuarial calculation assumptions. Principal assumptions include discount rates, assumed rates of
increase in future compensation levels, mortality rates and some other assumed rates. Discount
rates employed by Makita must be reflective of rates available on long-term, high quality
fixed-income debt instruments. Discount rates are determined annually on the measurement date.
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is determined annually based on the composition of the pension asset portfolios and the expected long-term rate of return on these portfolios. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is designed to approximate the long-term rate of return actually earned on the plan assets over time to ensure that funds are available to meet the pension obligations that result from the services provided by employees.
30
A number of factors are used to determine the reasonableness of the expected long-term rate of return, including actual historical returns on the asset classes of the plans portfolios and independent projections of returns of the various asset classes.
Accordingly, these assumptions are evaluated annually and retirement and termination liabilities are recalculated at the end of each fiscal year based on the latest assumptions. In accordance with U.S generally accepted accounting principles , actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over the future periods and therefore, generally affect Makitas results of operations in such future periods.
Makita has a contributory retirement plan in Japan, which covers substantially all of the employees of the Company. The discount rate assumed to determine the pension obligation for the pension plan was 2.2% for the year ended March 31, 2005. Raising the discount rate for the pension plan by 0.5% would have decreased the projected benefit obligation by approximately ¥2.3 billion at the end of fiscal 2005, while reducing the discount rate by 0.5% would have resulted in increased projected benefit obligation by approximately ¥2.5 billion. See Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
While Makita believes that the assumptions are appropriate, significant differences in its actual experience or significant changes in its assumptions may materially affect Makitas accrued retirement and termination benefits and future expenses.
Realizability of Deferred Income Tax Assets
Makita is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which Makita
operates. This process involves estimating Makitas current tax provision together with assessing
temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for income tax reporting and
financial accounting and reporting purposes. Such differences result in deferred income tax assets
and liabilities, which are included within Makitas consolidated balance sheets. Makita must then
assess the likelihood that Makitas deferred income tax assets will be recovered from future
taxable income, and to the extent Makita believes that recovery is not more likely than not, Makita
must establish a valuation allowance.
Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, deferred income tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our gross deferred income tax assets. We have recorded a valuation allowance of ¥8,211 million as of March 31, 2005 due to uncertainties about our ability to utilize certain deferred income tax assets mainly for net operating loss carry forwards before they expire and an impairment loss recognized for a golf course subsidiary. For the balance of deferred income taxes, although realization is not assured, management believes, judging from an authorized business plan, it is more likely than not that all of the deferred income tax assets, less the valuation allowance, will be realized. The amount of such net deferred income tax assets that are considered realizable, however, could change in the near term and any such change may have a material effect on Makitas consolidated results of operations and financial position if estimates of future taxable income are different.
B. Liquidity and capital resources
Makitas principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash provided by operating activities and borrowings within credit lines. As of March 31, 2005, Makita held cash and cash equivalents amounting to ¥25,384 million and the Companys subsidiaries have credit lines up to ¥23,477 million. As of March 31, 2005, ¥1,968 million of its credit lines was used by overseas subsidiaries and ¥21,509 million was unused. As of March 31, 2005, Makita had ¥9,060 million in short-term borrowing, which included bank and insurance company borrowings and capital lease obligations. Borrowings of the Companys financial subsidiary amount to ¥6,000 million, and will become due in September and November 2005. Makita is scheduled to repay this debt from its current holdings of securities, and highly liquid assets. For further information regarding our short-term borrowings, including the average interest rates see Note 10 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements.
31
Makita made the decision to withdraw from golf course operations, and on September 8, 2004, petitioned the Nagoya District Court for the commencement of civil rehabilitation proceedings for its wholly owned subsidiary Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd. On April 11, 2005, the court decided to approve the plan for rehabilitation. Going forward, after making final confirmation of the rehabilitation plan, Makita plans to settle obligations related to the rehabilitation and then plans to transfer its ownership interests of the company to a third party, Tokyo Tatemono Co., Ltd., towards the end of May 2005. As a result of this approval, Makita is scheduled to pay obligations of this subsidiary in the amount of ¥6,375 million, in respect of the ¥12,836 million of club members deposits as of March 31, 2005, from its current holdings of securities, and highly liquid assets.
As of March 31, 2005, Makitas total short-term borrowings and long-term indebtedness amounted to ¥9,148 million, representing a decrease from the ¥21,492 million reported for the previous fiscal year-end. Makitas ratio of indebtedness to shareholders equity declined 6.9%, to 4.2%. The reduction in the balance of indebtedness and the decline in the ratio of total indebtedness to shareholders equity reflect the efforts of management to improve the efficiency of the usage of Makitas capital by reducing the level of unused net cash provided by operating activities.
Except as disclosed above, Makita has no potentially significant refinancing requirements in fiscal 2006. Makita expects to continue to incur additional debt from time to time as required to finance working capital needs.
Makita has historically maintained a high level of liquid assets. Management estimates that the cash and cash equivalents level of ¥25,384 million as of March 31, 2005, together with Makitas available credit facilities, cash flow from operations, funds available from long-term and short-term debt financing, will be sufficient to satisfy our future working capital needs, capital expenditure, research and development and debt service requirements through fiscal 2006 and thereafter.
Makita requires operating capital mainly to purchase materials required for production, to conduct research and development, to respond to cash flow fluctuations related to changes in inventory levels and to cover the payment cycle of receivables from wholesalers. Makita further requires funds for capital expenditures, mainly to expand production facilities and purchase metal molds. Makita also requires funds for financial expenditures, primarily to pay dividends and to repurchase treasury stock. Maintaining the level of Makitas production and marketing activities requires capital investments of approximately ¥5 billion to ¥7 billion annually. Please see Fiscal Year 2005 Capital Expenditures below in this section for a description of our principal capital expenditures for fiscal 2005 and the main planned expenditures for fiscal 2006. At the Regular General Meeting of Shareholders held in June 2005, the Companys shareholders approved a cash dividend of ¥36 yen per share. The total scheduled cash dividend payments amount to ¥5,176 million, which the Company paid in June 2005.
Makita believes it will continue to be able to access the capital markets on terms and for amounts that will be satisfactory to it and as necessary to support the business and to engage in hedging transactions on commercially acceptable terms.
Makita is rated at A+ by Standard & Poors at March 31, 2005.
Fiscal year 2005
Cash Flows
Net cash provided by operating activities in FY 2005 decreased by ¥12,099 million to ¥16,842
million from ¥28,941 million in the previous fiscal year. The cash inflow is primarily
composed of cash received from customers, and the cash outflow is primarily composed of payments by
Makita for parts and materials, selling, general and administrative
expenses, and income taxes.
For FY 2005, cash inflow from cash received from customers increased, as a result of an increase in
net sales. This increase in cash inflow was within the range of the increase in net sales, as there
were no significant changes in
32
Makitas collection rates. Cash inflow in operating activities increased by 5.6%, to ¥192,742 million, and cash outflow in operating activities increased by 14.5%, to ¥175,900 million.
Cash outflow for payments for parts and- materials increased as a result of increased production. This increase was greater than the increase in net sales. Cash outflow for income taxes payments increased due to an increase in taxable income.
Net cash inflow from investing activities was ¥154 million, compared with a ¥17,262 million cash outflow in the previous year. The increase in net cash inflow resulted mainly from the ¥13,510 million of proceeds from maturities of held to maturity securities. Net cash inflow from sales and maturities of securities of purchase of securities for FY 2005 was ¥7,172 million, compared with ¥16,762 million of net securities purchase to accumulate funds in preparation for the payments needed to redeem our outstanding convertible bonds maturing in March 2005. In addition, Makita spent less cash on time deposits, at ¥38 million for FY 2005 compared with ¥1,162 million for FY 2004. The foregoing was partially offset by reduced proceeds from sales of property, plants and equipment at ¥320 million for FY 2005 compared with ¥5,154 million for FY 2004, and the increase in cash used for capital expenditure by ¥2,161 million, to ¥6,655 million.
Net cash used in financing activities amounted to ¥16,177 million, compared with ¥6,596 million in the previous fiscal year. This included ¥12,990 million used to redeem our outstanding convertible bond and ¥3,453 million used to pay cash dividends. In FY 2005, net cash outflow from financing activities increased by ¥9,581 million to ¥16,177 million mainly due to an increase in redemption of convertible bond, and an increase in payment of cash dividends.
As a result of these activities as well as the effects of exchange rate changes, our cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2005 amounted to ¥25,384 million, up ¥808 million from the end of fiscal 2004.
Capital Expenditures
Makita has continued to allocate sizable amounts of funds for capital expenditures, which Makita
believes is crucial for sustaining long-term growth. In the light of the severity of its current
market competition however, Makita has focused its capital investments on expanding its plant in
China and purchasing metal molds for new products to be manufactured in Japan and China and in
certain other areas, which required Makita to increase the amount of its capital expenditures in FY
2005 compared to FY 2004. Total capital expenditures amounted to ¥5,691 million, ¥4,494 million and
¥6,655 million for FY 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Capital expenditures in FY 2005 were
mainly for the purchase of molds for new products, acquisition of production equipment in the
Chinese plant and the construction of a headquarters building for Makita (Australia) Pty. Ltd.
Capital investments of the Company amounted to approximately ¥2.0 billion, while the capital investments of overseas subsidiaries including manufacturing subsidiaries in such countries as Germany, China, and the United States amounted to approximately ¥4.7 billion. Capital expenditures for Makitas consolidated subsidiaries consisted primarily of the construction of a headquarters building for Makita (Australia) Pty. Ltd., the purchase of metal molds for new products of Dolmar GmbH, and the acquisition of production equipment by Makita (China) Co., Ltd. and Makita (Kunshan) Co., Ltd. All of Makitas capital expenditures in FY 2005 were funded through internal sources.
Under its investment plans for FY 2006, the Makita Group is scheduled to make capital investments totaling ¥11.0 billion, 65% higher than for FY 2005, which is scheduled to be funded through internal sources. Of this total, the Company plans to make direct investments of ¥7.0 billion and its consolidated subsidiaries will invest ¥4.0 billion.
Fiscal year 2004
Net cash provided by operating activities in FY 2004 increased by ¥1,800 million to ¥28,941 million from ¥27,141 million in the previous fiscal year. Of the Cash provided by operating activities, ¥19,643 million was provided by operations and ¥9,298 million was provided by changes in working capital. The working capital changes occurred principally from increases in inventories, and decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses partially offset by a decrease in trade receivables.
33
In FY 2004, our net cash used in investing activities increased by ¥7,603 million to ¥17,262 million, from ¥9,659 million in the previous fiscal year. Net cash outflow decreased by ¥5,154 million due to the sale of land and structures adjacent to the Companys head office in Japan as well as branches and warehouses in the United States and the reduction of cash used for capital investment to ¥4,494 million from ¥5,691 million in FY 2004. Cash usage increased because net securities purchases increased by ¥12,767 million to ¥16,762 million and our time deposits increased by ¥621 million to ¥1,162 million, as a result of an accumulation of funds in preparation for the payments due to redeem our ¥12,994 million of outstanding convertible bonds maturing in March 2005 as well as the management of funds on hand.
Net cash used in financing activities amounted to ¥6,596 million, compared with ¥13,381 million in the previous fiscal year. This included ¥2,220 million used to purchase and retire treasury stock (2,074,685 shares) and ¥2,610 million used to pay cash dividends. In FY 2004, net cash outflow from financing activities decreased by ¥6,785 million to ¥6,596 million mainly due to a decrease in net repayment of short-term borrowings, a decrease in the redemption of bonds and a decrease in the repayment of club members deposits.
As a result of these activities as well as the effects of exchange rate changes, our cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2004 amounted to ¥24,576 million, up ¥4,206 million from the end of fiscal 2003.
Financial Position
This increase was partially offset by a decrease in marketable securities.
Property, plant and equipment, at cost less accumulated depreciation, decreased 0.3%, to ¥52,824
million. Investments and other assets decreased 4.9%, to ¥29,188 million. Total current liabilities
increased 24.9%, to ¥58,226 million mainly due to the reclassification of club members deposits
from long-term liabilities to current liabilities.
This increase was partially transferred by a decrease in convertible bond.
Long-term liabilities dropped 71.2%, to ¥10,639 million, mainly because of the shift of club membership and other liabilities of Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd. and a decrease in accrued retirement and termination benefits due to the transfer to the government of the substitutional portion of the domestic pension plan. Working capital amounted to ¥149,666 million at the end of fiscal 2005. The current ratio was 3.6 times, compared with 4.2 at the previous year-end. Shareholders equity grew 13.6%, to ¥219,640 million, because of the rise in net income as well as the decrease in the minimum pension liability adjustment due to the transfer to the government of the substitutional portion of the domestic pension plan, the recovery in stock markets, which increased the value of net unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale securities, and a decrease in foreign currency translation adjustments within total accumulated other comprehensive loss. As a result, the shareholders equity ratio rose to 75.8%, from 69.5% at the previous fiscal year-end.
34
C. Research and development, patents and licenses, etc.
Approximately 440 of Makitas employees are engaged in research and development activities and product design. Makita also employs approximately 100 trained personnel in production engineering, and has developed a number of the machine tools currently used in its factories. The majority of such personnel are engaged in research and development of mechanical innovations, and the rest are engaged in the research and development of electric, electronic and other applications.
Makita places a high priority on R&D and believes that strong capability in R&D is crucial to its continuing development of high-quality, reliable products that meet users needs. In FY 2005, Makita allocated ¥4,085 million to R&D. Approximately 2.1% of net sales. In FY 2004, Makita allocated ¥4,086 million for R&D, up 6.0% from the ¥3,856 million allocation in FY 2003. The ratio of R&D expenses to net sales in both FY 2004 and FY2003 was approximately 2.2%.
Makita is placing higher priority on designing power tools that are smaller and lighter, featuring electronic controls, and that have internal power sources allowing a cordless operation. Additional design priorities include developing units that feature low noise, low vibration, measures to restrain dust emissions and new safety features. Still another priority is to design units that can be recycled to address environmental concerns. In order to respond quickly to customers needs, Makita is also placing emphasis on shortening the time needed for new product development. To strengthen initiatives that reduce costs, Makita focused development activities on a more limited range of items and set objectives for developing models that use more standard parts. New products developed in FY 2005 included a rechargeable impact driver, an interior, right-angle circular saw and other products.
In addition, Makita expanded its development program for the MAKTEC series. Parts for this series are mostly procured locally in China. In addition, the MAKTEC series focuses on performance in practical work settings and limits the number of features to achieve an improved balance between cost and performance. The basic concept of this series is the development of products that offer sufficient durability along with quality and safety.
In fiscal 2005, Makita implemented initiatives to develop products that meet the European standards (WEEE, RoHS) for eliminating harmful substances. Makita developed a battery recharging system that employs digital communication functions to provide information on the state of battery charging. Through the use of this new system, the total volume of work can be increased substantially by enabling batteries to be used up to their capacity. In addition, Makita recently adopted lithium ion batteries, which doubles the total volume of work in comparison with Makitas batteries that must be inserted. Makita also developed an original battery checker system using the previously mentioned digital communication functions. Using this system, customers can check on the state of charging of their batteries and Makita can provide customers with information on how to make their batteries last longer.
D. Trend information
Despite expectations for a global trend toward modest economic recovery, sharp rises in oil prices and increased prices of other basic materials continue to make the corporate operating environment uncertain.
Regarding the previously announced plan to acquire the nailer business of Kanematsu-NNK Corp. on April 1, 2005, at the request of Kanematsu-NNK Corp., Makita postponed the acquisition on February 22, 2005. Makita is scheduled to announce further details regarding this acquisition when they have been decided.
Corporate reorganization procedures related to Makitas golf course management subsidiary, including the transfer of ownership interest, were completed by the end of May 2005.
Makita will continue working to improve its performance by expanding its share of the professional-use tool market, and it will seek to accomplish this by bolstering its marketing and service networks and developing high-value-added products. The outlook for the year ending March 31, 2006 is as follows:
(1) | Competition is expected to intensify in Japan, the U.S. and other markets for power tools. | ||
(2) | In the European market, Makita is expected to achieve stable performance while maintaining its competitiveness. |
E. Off-balance sheet arrangements
Makita did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2005.
35
F. Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations
Yen (millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expected payment date, year ending March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Thereafter | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese yen loans from banks and insurance
companies |
6,205 | ¥ | 6,205 | ¥ | | ¥ | | ¥ | | ¥ | | ¥ | | |||||||||||||||
Japanese yen loans from Japanese companies (1) |
150 | 150 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Club members deposits (2) |
6,375 | 6,375 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Capital lease |
175 | 87 | 41 | 14 | 8 | 8 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Operating lease |
1,343 | 480 | 316 | 185 | 127 | 65 | 170 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase Obligation |
5,639 | 5,639 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
¥ | 19,877 | ¥ | 18,936 | ¥ | 357 | ¥ | 199 | ¥ | 135 | ¥ | 73 | ¥ | 187 | ||||||||||||||
U.S. Dollars (thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expected payment date, year ending March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Thereafter | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese yen loans from
banks and insurance companies |
57,991 | $ | 57,991 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||||||||||||
Japanese yen
loans from Japanese companies (1) |
1,402 | 1,402 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Club members deposits (2) |
59,580 | 59,580 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Capital lease |
1,635 | 812 | 383 | 131 | 75 | 75 | 159 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Operating lease |
12,551 | 4,486 | 2,953 | 1,729 | 1,187 | 607 | 1,589 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase Obligation |
52,701 | 52,701 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 185,860 | $ | 176,972 | $ | 3,336 | $ | 1,860 | $ | 1,262 | $ | 682 | $ | 1,748 | ||||||||||||||
Note: |
(1) | Of the ¥800 million in Japanese yen loans from Japanese companies outstanding as of March 31, 2005, Makita was released from ¥650 million ($6,074 thousand), as a result of Makita paying ¥150 million ($1,402 thousand) in full settlement of the amounts due to Japanese companies on May 31, 2005 following the confirmation of the civil rehabilitation plan for Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd. on May 7, 2005. | ||
(2) | Makitas club members deposits consist of deposits from individuals or corporations who became members of Castle Hill Country Club, owned and operated by Joyama Kaihatsu Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company until May 31, 2005. On September 8, 2004, Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd. petitioned the Nagoya District Court for the commencement of a civil rehabilitation plan. On April 11, 2005, the Nagoya District Court approved the civil rehabilitation plan for Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd. and, because the creditors and club members did not object to the plan within the court designated deadline, the Nagoya District Court confirmed the plan on May 7, 2005. Upon confirmation of the civil rehabilitation plan, Makita was released from payment obligations in respect of the club members deposits of ¥6,461 ($60,383 thousand) and repaid of ¥6,375 million ($59,580 thousand) on May 31, 2005 to fully settled the amounts outstanding. |
36
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
A. Directors and senior management.
The Directors and Statutory Auditors of the Company as of June 29, 2005 are as follows:
Masahiko Goto
Current Position: President, Representative Director since May 1989
Date of Birth: November 16, 1946
Director since: May 1984
Masami Tsuruta
Current Position: Managing Director, General Manager of Domestic Sales Headquarters since June 2003
Date of Birth: December 26, 1942
Director since: June 1995
Business Experience:
June 1995: Director, Assistant General Manager of Domestic Sales Headquarters
June 1997: Director, General Manager of Domestic Sales Marketing Headquarters
Yasuhiko Kanzaki
Current Position: Director, General Manager of International Sales Headquarters (Europe Area) since June 2003
Date of Birth: July 9, 1946
Director since: June 1999
Business Experience:
April 1995: Director of Makita International Europe Ltd.
June 1999: Director, Assistant General Manager of International Sales Headquarters 1
Kenichiro Nakai
Current Position: Director, General Manager of Administration Headquarters since June 2001
Date of Birth: November 17, 1946
Director since: June 2001
Business Experience:
October 2000: Assistant General Manager of Production Headquarters
April 2001: General Manager of Personnel Department
Tadayoshi Torii
Current Position: Director, General Manager of Production Headquarters since June 2003
Date of Birth: December 10, 1946
Director since: June 2001
Business Experience:
October 1998: General Manager of Production Department
June 2001: Director, General Manager of Quality Control Headquarters
37
Tomoyasu Kato
Current Position: Director, General Manager of Research and Development Headquarters since June 2001
Date of Birth: March 25, 1948
Director since: June 2001
Business Experience:
March 1999: General Manager of Technical Administration Department
Kazuya Nakamura
Current Position: Director, General Manager of International Sales Headquarters (Asia and Oceania Area) since June 2003
Date of Birth: April 13, 1948
Director since: June 2001
Business Experience:
October 2000: General Manager of Asia and Oceania Sales Department
June 2001: Director, General Manager of International Sales Headquarters 2
Masahiro Yamaguchi
Current Position: Director, General Manager of Purchasing Headquarters since June 2003
Date of Birth: May 9, 1945
Director since: June 2003
Business Experience:
April 1995: Assistant Manager of International Sales Department
August 1995: Transferred to Makita Manufacturing Europe Ltd.
May 2003: Assistant General Manager of Purchasing Headquarters (Makita Corporation)
Shiro Hori
Current Position: Director, General Manager of Overseas Sales Headquarters (America Area and
International Administration) since June 2003
Date of Birth: February 24, 1948
Director since: June 2003
Business Experience:
April 1997: Assistant General Manager of Europe Sales Department
March 1999: General Manager of Europe Sales Department
Tadashi Asanuma
Current Position: Director, Assistant General Manager of Domestic Sales Marketing Headquarters
since June 2003
Date of Birth: January 4, 1949
Director since: June 2003
Business Experience:
April 1995: Manager of Saitama Branch Office
April 2001: General Manager of Osaka Sales Department
38
Hisayoshi Niwa
Current Position: Director, General Manager of Quality Control Headquarters since June 2003
Date of Birth: February 24, 1949
Director since: June 2003
Business Experience:
April 1995: Assistant General Manager of Production Control Department
October 1999: General Manager of Production Control Department
Zenji Mashiko
Current Position: Director, Assistant General Manager of Domestic Sales Marketing Headquarters since June 2003
Date of Birth: May 28, 1949
Director since: June 2003
Business Experience:
April 1995: Manager of Tokyo Branch Office
Motohiko Yokoyama
Current Position: Director, since June 2005
Date of Birth: May 13, 1944
Director since: June 2005
Business Experience:
June 2004: President and Representative Director of Toyoda Machine Works, Ltd.
Akio Kondo
Current Position: Standing Statutory Auditor since June 2004
Date of Birth: February 3, 1946
Statutory Auditor since: June 2004
Business Experience:
October 1995: General Manager of Accounting & Finance Department
Hiromichi Murase
Current Position: Standing Statutory Auditor since June 2004
Date of Birth: April 5, 1946
Statutory Auditor since: June 2004
Business Experience:
June 1998: General Manager of General Affairs Department
Keiichi Usui
Current Position: Outside Statutory Auditor since June 1994
Date of Birth: August 9, 1933
Statutory Auditor since: June 1994
Shoichi Hase
Current Position: Outside Statutory Auditor since June 2001
(Patent attorney, Hase International Patent office)
Date of Birth: March 30, 1934
Statutory Auditor since: June 2001
April 1967: Established Hase Patent Attorney Office
39
The term of each director listed above expired in June 2005. The terms of Mr. Akio Kondo and Mr. Hiromichi Murase as Standing Statutory Auditors and Mr. Shoichi Hase as Statutory Auditor expire in June 2008. The term of Mr. Usui as Statutory Auditor expires in June 2007.
There is no family relationship between any of the persons named above. There is no arrangement or understanding with major shareholders, customers, suppliers, or others pursuant to which any person named above was selected as a Director or a Statutory Auditor.
B. Compensation
The aggregate amount of remuneration, including bonuses but excluding retirement allowances, paid by the Company during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005 to all Directors and Statutory Auditors, who served during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005, totaled ¥ 152 million. Remuneration paid by the Company during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 to all Directors and Statutory Auditors, who served during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004, total ¥ 133 million. Some of the fringe benefits provided by the Company to its employees in Japan, such as medical and dental service insurance and welfare pension insurance are also made available to Directors and Standing Statutory Auditors.
The Company has an unfunded retirement and termination allowances program for Directors and Statutory Auditors. Under such program, the aggregate amount set aside as retirement allowances for Directors and Statutory Auditors was ¥369 million as of March 31, 2004 and was increased to ¥477 million as of March 31, 2005.
C. Board practices
The Companys Articles of Incorporation provide for a Board of Directors of 15 or less Directors and three to five Statutory Auditors. All Directors and Statutory Auditors are elected at general meetings of shareholders. In general, the term of office of Directors expires at the conclusion of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders held with respect to the last closing of accounts within two years after their assumption of office, and in the case of Statutory Auditors, within four years after their assumption of office; however, Directors and Statutory Auditors may serve any number of consecutive terms. With respect to each expiration date of the term of office of Directors and Statutory Auditors, see A. Directors and senior management in this Item above.
The Directors constitute the Board of Directors, which has the ultimate responsibility for administration of our affairs. The Board of Directors may elect from among its members a Chairman and Director, one or more Vice Chairmen and Directors, a President and Director, one or more Executive Vice Presidents and Directors, Senior Managing Directors and Managing Directors. From among the Directors referred to above, the Board of Directors may elect one or more Representative Directors. Each Representative Director has the authority individually to represent the Company in the conduct of the affairs of the Company.
The Statutory Auditors of the Company are not required to be and are not certified public accountants. However, at least one of the Statutory Auditors is required to be a person who has not been a director, executive officer, general manager or any other employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries during the 5-year period prior to his election as a Statutory Auditor. After the conclusion of each ordinary general meeting of shareholders held for any fiscal year ending on or after May 1, 2005, at least half of the Statutory Auditors are required to be persons who have never been in the past a director, executive officer, general manager or any other employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The Statutory Auditors may not, while acting as such, be directors, general managers or any other employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or executive officers of any of the Companys subsidiaries. Each Statutory Auditor has the statutory duty to supervise the administration by the Directors of the Companys affairs and also to examine the financial statements and business reports to be submitted by the Board of Directors at the general meeting of shareholders. They are required to attend meetings of the Board of Directors but are not entitled to vote. In addition to Statutory Auditors, independent certified public accountants or an audit corporation must be appointed by a general meeting of shareholders. Such independent certified public accountants or audit corporations have, as their primary statutory duties, a duty to examine the financial statements proposed to be
40
submitted by the Board of Directors at general meetings of shareholders and to report their opinion thereon to the Statutory Auditors and the Directors.
The Statutory Auditors constitute the Board of Statutory Auditors. The Board of Statutory Auditors has a statutory duty to prepare and submit its audit report to the Board of Directors each year. A Statutory Auditor may note his or her opinion in the audit report if his or her opinion is different from the opinion expressed in the audit report. The Board of Statutory Auditors is empowered to establish audit principles, the method of examination by Statutory Auditors of the Companys affairs, and the financial position and other matters concerning the performance of the Statutory Auditors duties. For names of the Statutory Auditors that constituent the Board of Statutory Auditors, see Item 6. A.
There are no contractual arrangements providing for benefits to Directors upon termination of service. Also see B. Memorandum and articles of association Directors in Item 10.
Exemptions from certain NASDAQ Corporate Governance Rules
Pursuant to exemptions granted by the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (the NASDAQ), Makita Corporation (the Company) is permitted to follow certain corporate governance practices complying with Japanese laws, regulations, stock exchange rules, or generally accepted business practices in lieu of the NASDAQ rules on corporate governance (the NASDAQ Rules). Set forth below are the corporate governance exemptions the Company currently receives from NASDAQ.
1. Directors. The Company is exempt from the NASDAQ requirement relating to directors that currently requires the Companys board of directors to be comprised of a majority of independent directors. Unlike the NASDAQ Rules, the Commercial Code of Japan and related legislation (including the Law for Special Exceptions to the Commercial Code concerning Audit, etc. of Kabushiki-Kaisha, and collectively, the Code) do not require Japanese companies with boards of statutory auditors such as the Company to have any independent directors on its board of directors.
2. Audit Committee. The Company plans to avail itself of paragraph (c)(3) of Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which provides a general exemption from the audit committee requirements to a foreign private issuer with a board of statutory auditors, subject to certain requirements which continue to be applicable under Rule 10A-3. The Company is exempt from the NASDAQ requirement relating to audit committees that currently requires the Company to have, and certify that it has and will continue to have, an audit committee of at least three members, each of whom must be independent. Unlike the NASDAQ Rules, under the Code, at least one of the statutory auditors of the Company must be independent, which is such person who was not a director, executive officer, general manager, or any other employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries during the five-year period prior to such statutory auditors election. After the conclusion of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders to be held with respect to the first fiscal year ending on and after May 1, 2005, at least half of the statutory auditors will be required to be persons who have not been a director, executive officer, general manager, or any other employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries at any time prior such statutory auditors election. Statutory auditors may not at the same time be directors, general managers, or any other employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or executive officers of any of the Companys subsidiaries.
3. Meetings of Ordinary Shareholders. The Company is exempt from the quorum requirement of the NASDAQ, which currently requires each issuer to provide for a quorum as specified in its by-laws for any meeting of the holders of common stock, which shall in no case be less than 33 1/3 percent of the outstanding shares of a companys common voting stock. In keeping with the Code and generally accepted business practices in Japan, the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide that except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation, a resolution can be adopted at a general meeting of shareholders by a majority of the total number of voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting. The Code and the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide,
41
however, that the quorum for the election of directors and statutory auditors shall not be less than one-third of the total number of voting rights of all the shareholders. The Code (or when the New Company Law (as defined in B. Memorandum and articles of association Directors in Item 10) becomes effective, the New Company Law) and the Companys Articles of Incorporation also provide that in order to amend the Companys Articles of Incorporation and in certain other instances, including:
(1) | acquisition of its own shares from specific persons; |
|
(2) | consolidation of shares; | |
(3) | any offering of new shares at a specially favorable price (or any offering of stock acquisition rights to subscribe for or acquire shares of capital stock, or bonds with stock acquisition rights at specially favorable conditions) to any persons other than shareholders; | |
(4) | the removal of a Director or Statutory Auditor (when the New Company Law becomes effective, the removal of a Director who is elected by cumulative voting); | |
(5) | the exemption of liability of a Director or Statutory Auditor with certain exceptions; | |
(6) | a reduction of stated capital (when the New Company Law becomes effective, with certain exceptions in which a shareholders resolution is not required); | |
(7) | (when the New Company Law becomes effective ) a distribution of surplus other than dividends which meets certain requirements; | |
(8) | dissolution, merger, or consolidation with certain exceptions in which a shareholders resolution is not required; | |
(9) | the transfer of the whole or a material part of the business; | |
(10) | the taking over of the whole of the business of any other corporation with certain exceptions in which a shareholders resolution is not required; | |
(11) | share exchange or share transfer for the purpose of establishing 100 percent parent-subsidiary relationships with certain exceptions in which a shareholders resolution is not required, | |
(12) | separating of the corporation into two or more corporations with certain exceptions in which a shareholders resolution is not required, |
the quorum shall be one-third of the total number of voting rights of all the shareholders and the approval by at least two-thirds (or, when the New Company Law becomes effective and in the event that the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide for a percentage more than two-thirds, such percentage) of the voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting is required (in addition, when the New Company Law becomes effective and in the event that the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide that the approval by certain number of shareholders is required, such approval is also required).
D. Employees
The following table sets forth information about number of employees:
As of March 31, | ||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Categorized by Geographic Areas |
||||||||||||
Japan |
3,057 | 3,041 | 2,996 | |||||||||
Overseas |
5,287 | 5,392 | 5,564 | |||||||||
Total |
8,344 | 8,433 | 8,560 |
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005, the Company hired on average approximately 750 temporary employees in China, and approximately 90 temporary employees in Japan who were not entitled to retirement or certain other fringe benefits which regular full-time employees receive.
The Company has a labor contract with the Makita Union covering wages and conditions of employment. All full-time employees of the Company in Japan, except management and certain other employees, must be union members. The Makita Union is affiliated with the Japanese Electrical Electronic & Information Union. The Company has not been materially affected by any work stoppages or difficulties in connection with labor negotiations in the past.
42
Makitas employees are members of a labor union formed on September 13, 1947 that comprise, starting February 9, 1989, the Japanese Electrical Electronic & Information Union. As of March 31, 2005, there are 2,684 members of the union and Makita considers its relationship with the labor union to be good.
E. Share ownership
The total number of shares of the Companys Common Stock owned by the Directors and Statutory Auditors as a group as of March 31, 2005 is as follows:
Identity of | Number of | Percentage of | ||||||||
Person or Group | Shares Owned | voting right | ||||||||
Directors and
Statutory Auditors
|
2,097,463 | 1.42 % |
The following table lists the number of shares owned by the Directors and Statutory Auditors of the Company as of March 31, 2005.
Name | Position | Number of shares | ||||
Masahiko Goto
|
President, Representative Director | 1,971,943 | ||||
Masami Tsuruta
|
Managing Director | 14,722 | ||||
Yasuhiko Kanzaki
|
Director | 10,469 | ||||
Kenichiro Nakai
|
Director | 11,270 | ||||
Tadayoshi Torii
|
Director | 12,000 | ||||
Tomoyasu Kato
|
Director | 11,672 | ||||
Kazuya Nakamura
|
Director | 6,000 | ||||
Masahiro Yamaguchi
|
Director | 5,000 | ||||
Shiro Hori
|
Director | 6,977 | ||||
Tadashi Asanuma
|
Director | 4,000 | ||||
Hisayoshi Niwa
|
Director | 5,000 | ||||
Zenji Mashiko
|
Director | 5,000 | ||||
Akio Kondo
|
Standing Statutory Auditor | 6,000 | ||||
Hiromichi Murase
|
Standing Statutory Auditor | 4,210 | ||||
Keiichi Usui
|
Outside Statutory Auditor | 7,200 | ||||
Shoichi Hase
|
Outside Statutory Auditor | 16,000 |
The shareholders listed above do not have voting rights that are different from other shareholders of the Company.
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
A. Major Shareholders
The following table sets forth holders of 5% or more of the Companys outstanding common stock as included in the list of shareholders as of March 31, 2005.
Identity of | Number of | Percentage of | ||||||
Person or Group | Shares Owned | voting right | ||||||
The Chase Manhattan Bank , N. A. London
|
8,468,882 | 5.72 | % |
Except for Masahiko Goto holding 1.33% of the Companys outstanding common stock as of March 31, 2005, none of the Companys Directors and Statutory Auditors owns more than one percent of the Companys Common Stock.
43
Beneficial ownership of the Companys common stock in the table below was prepared from publicly available records of the filings made by the Companys shareholders regarding their ownership of the Companys common stock under the Securities and Exchange Law of Japan.
Under the Securities and Exchange Law of Japan, any person who becomes beneficially, solely or jointly, a holder, including, but not limited to, a deemed holder who manages shares for another holder pursuant to a discretionary investment agreement, of more than 5% of the shares with voting rights of a company listed on a Japanese stock exchange (including ADSs representing such shares), must file a report concerning the shareholding with the Director of the relevant local finance bureau. A similar report must be filed, with certain exceptions, if the percentage of shares held by a holder, solely or jointly, of more than 5% of the total issued shares of a company increases or decreases by 1% or more, or if any change to a material matter set forth in any previously filed reports occurs.
Based on publicly available information, the following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of holders of more than 5% of the Companys common stock as of the dates indicated in the reports described below.
Name of Beneficial Owner | Number of Shares | Percentage | ||||||
Silchester International Investors Limited
|
8,959,000 | 6.05 | % | |||||
Goldman Sachs International
|
8,899,979 | 6.01 | % | |||||
Barclays Global Investors, N.A.
|
7,783,444 | 5.26 | % |
Based on information made publicly available on or after April 1, 2002, the following table describes transactions resulting in a 1% or more change in the percentage ownership held by major beneficial owners of the Companys common stock.
44
Shares Owned | Number of | Shares Owned | ||||||||||||||||||||
Date of | Prior to | Shares | After the | |||||||||||||||||||
Name of Shareholder | Transaction | Transaction | Percentage | Changed | Transaction | Percentage | ||||||||||||||||
Silchester International Investors Limited |
June 21, 2002 | 7,661,000 | 5.01 | % | 1,606,000 | 9,267,000 | 6.06 | % | ||||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs International |
March 31, 2002 | 9,095,000 | 5.94 | % | (2,762,100 | ) | 6,332,900 | 4.14 | % | |||||||||||||
Templeton Global Advisors Limited |
September 30, 2002 | 7,683,976 | 5.02 | % | (1,657,000 | ) | 6,026,976 | 3.94 | % | |||||||||||||
Nippon Life Insurance Company |
April 30, 2004 | | | | 7,601,503 | 5.14 | % | |||||||||||||||
Barclays Global Investors, N.A. |
June 30, 2004 | | | | 7,855,003 | 5.31 | % | |||||||||||||||
Silchester International Investors Limited |
September 29, 2004 | 9,267,000 | 6.06 | % | 1,212,000 | 10,479,000 | 7.08 | % | ||||||||||||||
Goldman Sachs International |
September 30, 2004 | 6,332,900 | 4.14 | % | 2,567,079 | 8,899,979 | 6.01 | % | ||||||||||||||
Barclays Global Investors, N.A. |
December 31, 2004 | 7,855,003 | 5.31 | % | (2,93,559 | ) | 7,561,444 | 5.11 | % | |||||||||||||
Nippon Life Insurance Company |
January 31, 2005 | 7,601,503 | 5.14 | % | (3,503,000 | ) | 4,098,503 | 2.77 | % | |||||||||||||
Silchester International Investors Limited |
February 15, 2005 | 10,479,000 | 7.08 | % | 8,959,000 | 6.05 | % | |||||||||||||||
Barclays Global Investors, N.A. |
March 31, 2005 | 7,561,444 | 5.11 | % | 222,000 | 7,783,444 | 5.26 | % |
As of March 31, 2005, the Company had 143,777,607 outstanding shares of common stock. According to the Bank of New York, depositary for the Companys ADSs, as of March 31, 2005, 6,923,200 shares of the Companys common stock were held in the form of ADRs and there were 48 ADR holders of record in the United States. According to the Companys register of shareholders and register of beneficial owners as of March 31, 2005, there were 10,200 holders of common stock of record worldwide and the number of record holders in the United States was 66.
The major shareholders do not have voting rights that are different to the other shareholders of the Company.
As far as is known to the Company, there is no arrangement, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Company.
To the knowledge of the Company, it is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by any other corporation or by the Japanese or any foreign government.
B. Related party transactions
Makita sells and purchases products, materials, supplies and services to and from affiliated companies in the ordinary course of business.
No Director or Statutory Auditor has been indebted to the Company or any of its subsidiaries at any time during the latest three fiscal years. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries expects to make any loans to Directors or Statutory Auditors in the future.
See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements.
C. Interest of experts and counsel
Not applicable
45
Item 8. Financial Information
A. Consolidated statements and other financial information
1-3. Consolidated Financial Statements.
Makitas audited consolidated financial statements are included under Item 18 Financial
Statements. Except for Makitas consolidated financial statements included under Item 18, no other
information included in this annual report has been audited by Makitas Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm.
4. Not applicable.
5. Not applicable.
6. Export Sales.
See Information on the Company Business Overview Principal Markets, Distribution and
After-Sale Services.
7. Legal or arbitration proceedings
There are no material pending legal or arbitration proceedings to which Makita is a party and which
may have, or have had in the recent past, significant effects on Makitas financial position or
profitability.
8. Dividend Policy
Makitas basic policy on the distribution of profits is to maintain a dividend payout ratio of 30%
or greater, with a lower limit on annual cash dividends of 18 yen per share. However, in the event
special circumstances arise, computation of the amount of dividends will be based on consolidated
net income after certain adjustments. In addition, Makita aims to implement a flexible capital
policy, augment the efficiency of its capital employment, and thereby boost shareholder profit.
Makita continues to consider repurchases of its outstanding shares in light of trends in stock
prices. The Company intends to retire treasury stock when necessary based on consideration of the
balance of treasury stock and its capital policy.
Makita intends to maintain a financial position strong enough to withstand the challenges associated with changes in its operating environment and other changes and allocate funds for strategic investments aimed at expanding its global operations.
According to this basic policy, the Company paid interim cash dividends in fiscal 2005 of ¥11.0 per share and ADS. The Company has declared a cash dividend of ¥36.0 per share and ADS, including a special dividend of ¥25 per share, and a special commemorative 90th anniversary dividend per share of ¥4, all of which were approved by the shareholders meeting held on June 29, 2005.
46
The following table sets forth cash dividends per share of Common Stock declared in Japanese yen and as translated into U.S. dollars, the U.S. dollar amounts being based on the exchange rates at the respective payment date, using the noon buying rates for cable transfers in yen in New York City as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York:
In Yen | In U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
Fiscal year ended March 31 | Interim | Year-end | Interim | Year-end | ||||||||||||
2001 |
9.0 | 9.0 | 0.07 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
2002 |
9.0 | 9.0 | 0.07 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
2003 |
9.0 | 9.0 | 0.07 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
2004 |
9.0 | 13.0 | 0.07 | 0.11 | ||||||||||||
2005 |
11.0 | 36.0 | 0.10 | 0.34 |
Note:
Cash dividends in U.S. dollars are based on the exchange rates at the respective payment date, using the noon buying rates for cable transfers in yen in New York City as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. |
B. Significant changes
On April 11, 2005, the Nagoya District Court approved the civil rehabilitation plan for the Companys subsidiary, Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd., including its payment obligation of the club members deposits and such plan was confirmed on May 7, 2005. The Company has paid its obligations under the civil rehabilitation plan of Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd., and sold Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd., to a third party, Tokyo Tatemono Co. Ltd., on May 31, 2005.
As a result of this sale, Makita no longer has any contractual obligations to refund club members deposits to members of the Castle Hill Country Club, owned and operated by Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd.
Item 9. The Offer and Listing
A. Offer and listing details
The shares of common stock of the Company were listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the Osaka Securities Exchange and the Nagoya Stock Exchange in 1970. The Company decided to discontinue its listing on the Osaka Securities Exchange due to the low level of trading volume in its shares on that exchange, and it was delisted from that exchange at the end of February 2003. The shares of common stock of the Company were listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange (Euronext Amsterdam) in 1973, initially in the form of Continental Depositary Receipts. The Company decided to discontinue its listing on the Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchange due to the extremely low level of trading volume in its shares on that exchange, and it was delisted from that exchange at the end of January 2005.
The Companys American Depositary Shares, each representing one share (prior to April 1, 1991, five shares) of common stock and evidenced by American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), have been quoted since 1977 through the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (NASDAQ) System under MKTAY.
47
The following table shows the high and low sales prices of the Common Stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange for the periods indicated and the reported high and low bid prices of American Depositary Shares through the NASDAQ system.
Tokyo Stock Exchange Price | NASDAQ Price | |||||||||||||||
Per Share of Common Stock | Per American Depositary Share | |||||||||||||||
(Yen) | (U.S. Dollars) | |||||||||||||||
Fiscal year ended March 31, | High | Low | High | Low | ||||||||||||
2001 |
1,100 | 711 | 9.88 | 5.94 | ||||||||||||
2002 |
871 | 615 | 6.85 | 4.88 | ||||||||||||
2003 |
909 | 654 | 7.55 | 5.35 | ||||||||||||
2004 |
1,343 | 834 | 15.45 | 10.00 | ||||||||||||
2005 |
2,115 | 1,315 | 20.27 | 12.00 | ||||||||||||
Quarterly |
||||||||||||||||
Fiscal year 2004 |
||||||||||||||||
1st quarter ended June 30, 2003 |
978 | 834 | 8.30 | 7.07 | ||||||||||||
2nd quarter ended September 30, 2003 |
1,109 | 906 | 9.33 | 7.62 | ||||||||||||
3rd quarter ended December 31, 2003 |
1,109 | 937 | 10.24 | 8.73 | ||||||||||||
4th quarter ended March 31, 2004 |
1,343 | 1,040 | 13.09 | 10.00 | ||||||||||||
Fiscal year 2005 |
||||||||||||||||
1st quarter ended June 30, 2004 |
1,686 | 1,315 | 15.34 | 12.00 | ||||||||||||
2nd quarter ended September 30, 2004 |
1,675 | 1,463 | 15.45 | 13.20 | ||||||||||||
3rd quarter ended December 31, 2004 |
1,874 | 1,379 | 17.75 | 13.17 | ||||||||||||
4th quarter ended March 31, 2005 |
2,115 | 1,705 | 20.27 | 16.56 | ||||||||||||
Monthly |
||||||||||||||||
January 2005 |
1,889 | 1,705 | 18.21 | 16.56 | ||||||||||||
February 2005 |
2,010 | 1,815 | 19.34 | 17.56 | ||||||||||||
March 2005 |
2,115 | 1,889 | 20.27 | 17.66 | ||||||||||||
April 2005 |
1,965 | 2,010 | 19.00 | 16.15 | ||||||||||||
May 2005 |
1,980 | 2,200 | 19.97 | 18.22 | ||||||||||||
June 2005(through June 15) |
2,245 | 2,075 | 20.69 | 19.33 |
B. Plan of distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
See Item 9. A
D. Selling shareholders
Not applicable.
48
E. Dilution
Not applicable.
F. Expenses of the issue
Not applicable.
Item 10. Additional Information
A. Share capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and articles of association
Organization
The Company is a joint stock corporation (kabushiki kaisha) incorporated in Japan under the Commercial Code (shoho) of Japan. It is registered in the Commercial Register (shogyo tokibo) maintained by the Anjo Branch Office of the Nagoya Legal Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Justice of Japan.
Objects and purposes
Article 2 of the Articles of Incorporation of the Company provides that the purposes of the Company are to engage in the following businesses:
| Manufacture and sale of machine tools including electric power tools, pneumatic tools, etc., and wood-working tools; | |
| Manufacture and sale of electric machinery and equipment and various other machinery and equipment; | |
| Manufacture and sale of interior furnishings and household goods and their installation work; | |
| Purchase, sale, lease and management of real estate; | |
| Operation of sporting and recreational facilities; | |
| Casualty insurance agency and business relating to offering of life insurance; | |
| Tourist business under the Travel Agency Law; | |
| Acquisition, assignment and licensing of industrial property rights, copyrights and other intellectual property rights and provision of technical guidance; | |
| Investment in various kinds of business; and | |
| All other business incidental or relative to any of the preceding items. |
Directors
Under the Commercial Code, each Director has executive powers and duties to manage the affairs of the Company and each Representative Director, who is elected from among the Directors by the Board of Directors, has the statutory authority to represent the Company in all respects. Under the Commercial Code, the Directors must refrain from engaging in any business competing with the Company unless approved by the Board of Directors and any Director who has a material interest in the subject matter of a resolution to be taken by the Board of Directors cannot vote on such resolution. The total amount of remuneration to Directors and that to Statutory Auditors are subject to the approval of the general meeting of shareholders. Within such authorized amounts the Board of Directors and the Board of Statutory Auditors respectively determine the compensation to each Director and Statutory Auditor.
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Except as stated below, neither the Commercial Code nor the Companys Articles of Incorporation make special provisions as to:
| the Directors or Statutory Auditors power to vote in connection with their compensation; | |
| the borrowing power exercisable by a Representative Director (or a Director who is given power by a Representative Director to exercise such power); | |
| the Directors or Statutory Auditors retirement age; or | |
| requirement to hold any shares of capital stock of the Company. |
The Commercial Code specifically requires the resolution of the Board of Directors for a company:
| to acquire or dispose of material assets; | |
| to borrow a substantial amount of money; | |
| to employ or discharge from employment important employees, such as general managers; and | |
| to establish, change or abolish material corporate organization such as a branch office. |
The Regulations of the Board of Directors and operational regulations thereunder of the Company require a resolution of the Board of Directors for the Company to borrow money in an amount of 100 million yen or more or to give a guarantee in an amount of 10 million yen or more.
Common stock
General
Except as otherwise stated, set forth below is information relating to the Companys Common Stock, including brief summaries of the relevant provisions of the Companys Articles of Incorporation and Share Handling Regulations, as currently in effect, and of the Commercial Code of Japan and related legislation.
A bill to modernize and make overall amendments to the Commercial Code by replacing the current provisions with regard to corporations with a new company law (the New Company Law) was submitted to the Diet on March 22, 2005. The New Company Law was enacted on June 29, 2005 and will come into effect within one year and half after its promulgation; currently, it is expected that it will take effect in April 2006.
In order to assert shareholders rights against the Company, a shareholder must have its name and address registered or recorded on the Companys register of shareholders in writing or digitally (or electronically), in accordance with the Companys Share Handling Regulations. The registered beneficial holder of deposited shares underlying the ADSs is the Depositary for the ADSs. Accordingly, holders of ADSs will not be able to directly assert shareholders rights against the Company.
A holder of shares may choose, at its discretion, to participate in the central clearing system for share certificates under the Law Concerning Central Clearing of Share Certificates and Other Securities of Japan. Participating shareholders must deposit certificates representing all of the shares to be included in this clearing system with the Japan Securities Depository Center, Inc. (JASDEC). If a holder is not a participating institution in JASDEC, it must participate through a participating institution, such as a securities company or a commercial bank having a clearing account with JASDEC. All shares of Common Stock deposited with JASDEC will be registered in the name of JASDEC on the Companys register of shareholders. Each participating shareholder will in turn be registered on the Companys register of beneficial shareholders and be treated in the same way as shareholders registered on the Companys register of shareholders. For the purpose of transferring deposited shares, delivery of share certificates is not required. Entry of the share transfer in the books maintained by JASDEC for participating institutions, or in the book maintained by a participating institution for its customers, has the same effect as delivery of share certificates. The registered beneficial shareholders may exercise the rights attached to the shares, such as voting rights, and will receive dividends (if any) and notices to shareholders directly from the Company. The shares held by a person as a registered shareholder and those held by the same person as a registered beneficial shareholder are aggregated for
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these purposes. Beneficial shareholders may at any time withdraw their shares from deposit and receive share certificates.
A new law to establish a new central clearing system for shares of listed companies and to eliminate the issuance and use of certificates for such shares was promulgated in June 2004 and the relevant part of the law will come into effect within five years of the date of the promulgation. On the effective date, a new central clearing system will be established and the shares of all Japanese companies listed on any Japanese stock exchange, including the shares of Common Stock of the Company, will be subject to the new central clearing system. On the same day, all existing share certificates will become null and void; the companies are not required to withdraw those share certificates from shareholders. The transfer of such shares will be effected through entry in the books maintained under the new central clearing system.
Authorized capital
Article 5 of the Articles of Incorporation of the Company provides that the total number of shares authorized to be issued by the Company is 500,000,000 shares.
As of March 31,2005, 148,008,760 shares of Common Stock were in issue.
All shares of Common Stock of the Company have no par value.
Dividends
Dividends General
The Articles of Incorporation of the Company provide that the accounts shall be closed on March 31 of each year and that year-end cash dividends, if any, shall be paid to shareholders, beneficial shareholders and pledgees of record as of the end of such day. After the close of the fiscal period, the Board of Directors prepares, among other things, a proposed allocation of profits for dividends and other purposes; this proposal is submitted to the Board of Statutory Auditors of the Company and to independent certified public accountants and then submitted for approval to the ordinary general meeting of shareholders, which is normally held in June each year. In addition to provisions for dividends, if any, and for the legal reserve and other reserves, the allocation of profits customarily includes a bonus to Directors and Statutory Auditors.
Under the New Company Law, subject to certain limitations on the distributable surplus as described below, dividends, if any, may be paid to shareholders, beneficial shareholders, and pledgees of record as of a record date as set forth by the Articles of Incorporation of the Company or as determined by the Board of Directors from time to time. Dividends shall be paid by way of distribution of surplus. Dividends may be distributed in cash or in kind. In distributing dividends the Company may determine the kind of assets to be distributed, the book value of such assets, matters regarding allocation of such assets, and the effective date of such dividends, by a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders. However, the Company may generally determine such matters by a resolution of the Board of Directors if (a) the Articles of Incorporation of the Company so provide, (b) the term of its Directors is set to be until the conclusion of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders held with respect to the last closing of accounts within one year after such Directors assumption of office, and (c) certain requirements regarding the financial statements and certain documents of the Company as set forth in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice are met; provided, however, that when the Company is to make in-kind dividends without giving shareholders the right to request payment of cash dividends in lieu of in-kind dividends, it shall determine such matters by a special shareholders resolution (as defined in Voting Rights). When the Company makes payment of dividends, it shall allocate such dividends in proportion to the number of shares of any specific class held by each shareholder.
Dividends Interim cash dividends
In addition to year-end cash dividends, the Board of Directors may by its resolution declare a cash distribution pursuant to Article 293-5 of the Commercial Code (an interim dividend) to shareholders, beneficial shareholders
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and pledgees of record as of the end of September 30 of each year, without shareholders approval, but subject to the limitations described below.
Under the New Company Law, as described above, notwithstanding the necessity of obtaining approval of a general meeting of shareholders, the Company is allowed to make payment of interim dividends during a fiscal year by way of distribution of surplus by resolution of the Board of Directors; provided, however, that such payment of interim dividends shall be limited to cash dividends and also limited to once per any fiscal year.
Dividends Legal reserve
The Commercial Code provides that a company may not make any distribution of profit by way of year-end or interim dividends for any fiscal period unless it has set aside in its legal reserve an amount equal to at least one-tenth of the amount paid by way of appropriation of retained earnings for such fiscal period or equal to one-tenth of the amount of such interim dividends until the aggregate amount of its additional paid-in capital and its legal reserve equals to one-quarter of its stated capital.
The New Company Law provides that when a stock company like the Company makes a distribution of surplus, it shall set aside in its legal reserve an amount equal to 10 percent of the amount of the surplus to be decreased as a result of such distribution of surplus in accordance with the provisions set forth in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.
Dividends Distributable amount
Under the Commercial Code, the Company is permitted to distribute profits by way of year-end or interim dividends out of the excess of its net assets, on a non-consolidated basis, over the aggregate of:
(i) | its stated capital; | |
(ii) | its additional paid-in capital; | |
(iii) | its accumulated legal reserve; | |
(iv) | the legal reserve to be set aside in respect of the fiscal period concerned; and | |
(v) | such other amounts as are provided for by an ordinance of Ministry of Justice of Japan. |
In the case of interim dividends, the net assets are calculated by reference to the non-consolidated balance sheet as of the last date of the preceding fiscal year, but adjusted to reflect (a) any subsequent payment by way of appropriation of retained earnings and transfer to legal reserve in respect thereof; (b) any subsequent transfer of retained earnings to stated capital; (c) if the Company has been authorized, pursuant to a resolution of an ordinary general meeting of shareholders and/or a resolution of the Board of Directors, to purchase shares of Common Stock (see Acquisition by the Company of Common Stock below), the total amount of the purchase price of such shares so authorized by such resolution that may be paid by the Company; and (d) such other amounts as are set out in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice of Japan, provided that (x) if the Company reduces the amount of its stated capital, additional paid-in capital or accumulated legal reserve after the end of the preceding fiscal year, the amount so reduced, less the amount paid to shareholders upon such reduction and certain other amounts, and (y) such other amounts as are set out in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice of Japan, shall be added to the amount distributable as interim dividends as described above. Interim dividends may not be paid if it is anticipated that at the end of the fiscal year net assets, on a non-consolidated basis, will be less than the aggregate of the amounts referred to in (i) through (v) above. Under the New Company Law, the Company is permitted to make a distribution of surplus to the extent that the aggregate book value of the assets to be distributed to shareholders does not exceed the Distributable Amount (as defined below) as at the effective date of such distribution of surplus.
Under the New Company Law, the Distributable Amount would include amounts incurred as a result of certain events occurring after the end of the Companys last fiscal year. In addition, under the New Company Law, the Company will be permitted to prepare extraordinary financial statements (the Extraordinary Financial Statements) as of a certain date during the fiscal year immediately after the Companys last fiscal year (the Extraordinary Account Settlement Date) which must be audited by Statutory Auditors and accounting auditors and approved by the Companys Board of Directors and, in certain cases, the general meeting of shareholders of the Company. Once the Extraordinary Financial Statements are so audited and approved, the Company can make adjustments to the Distributable Amount by adding net income or by deducting loss for the period after the end of the Companys last fiscal year until the Extraordinary Account Settlement Date.
The amount of surplus at any given time shall be the amount of the Companys assets and the book value of the Companys treasury stock after subtracting the amounts of the following items (1) through (4) as they appear on the Companys non-consolidated balance sheet as at the end of the Companys last fiscal year, and after reflecting the changes in the Companys surplus after the end of the Companys last fiscal year, by adding the amounts of the following items (5), (6) and (7) and/or subtracting the amounts of the following items (8), (9) and (10):
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(1) | its liabilities; | |
(2) | its stated capital; | |
(3) | its additional paid-in capital and accumulated legal reserve; | |
(4) | other amounts as provided for by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice; | |
(5) | (if the Company transferred its treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the transfer price of its treasury stock after subtracting the book value thereof; | |
(6) | (if the Company decreased its stated capital after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of decrease in its stated capital (excluding the amount transferred to the additional paid-in capital or legal reserve); | |
(7) | (if the Company decreased its additional paid-in capital or legal reserve after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of decrease in its additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (excluding the amount transferred to the stated capital); | |
(8) | (if the Company cancelled its treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the book value of its treasury stock so cancelled; | |
(9) | (if the Company distributed surplus to shareholders after the end of the last fiscal year) the assets distributed to shareholders by way of such distribution of surplus; and | |
(10) | other amounts as provided for by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice. |
The Distributable Amount of the Company at any given time shall be the aggregate amount of (a) the surplus, (b) (if the Company prepares Extraordinary Financial Statements) the amount of profit as recorded for the period after the end of the Companys last fiscal year until Extraordinary Account Settlement Date as provided for in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice and (c) (if the Company prepares Extraordinary Financial Statements) the transfer price of its treasury stock in the same period, after subtracting the amounts of the following items:
(1) | the book value of its treasury stock; | |
(2) | (if the Company transferred its treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the transfer price of its treasury stock; | |
(3) | (if the Company prepares Extraordinary Financial Statements) the losses as recorded for the period after the end of the Companys last fiscal year until Extraordinary Account Settlement Date as provided for in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice; and | |
(4) | other amounts as provided for by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice. |
Dividends Ex-dividend date and prescription
In Japan, the ex-dividend date and the record date for dividends precede the date of determination of the amount of the dividend to be paid.
Under its Articles of Incorporation, the Company is not obligated to pay any dividends which are left unclaimed for a period of 3 years after the date on which they first became payable.
Dividends Liabilities
Under the Commercial Code, if the Company makes interim dividends and at the end of the fiscal year there is no excess of net assets over the aggregate of the amounts referred to in (i) through (v) in Dividends Distributable amount above, Directors who have made such interim dividends shall be jointly and severally liable to the Company for the smaller of the amount of such deficit or such dividends unless such Directors prove that they did not fail to exercise due care in determining such interim dividends.
Under the New Company Law, in cases where the distribution of surplus was made, if the aggregate amount of the following items (1), (2) and (3) as at the end of the relevant fiscal year exceeds the amount of surplus, the Directors who have distributed such dividends, shall be liable to the Company for the smaller of such amount in excess or the amount of money or book value of such distributed surplus unless such Directors prove that they did not fail to exercise due care in determining such distribution:
(1) | the book value of the Companys treasury stock; | |
(2) | (if the Company transferred its treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the transfer price of its treasury stock after the end of the Companys last fiscal year; and |
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(3) | other amounts as provided for by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice. |
However, the Directors shall not be liable to the Company for the distributions of surplus made pursuant to the resolution of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders.
Stock splits
The Company may at any time split shares of Common Stock in issue into a greater number of shares by resolution of the Board of Directors, and may amend its Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of the authorized shares to be issued to allow such stock split pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors rather than relying on a special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders, which is otherwise required for amending the Articles of Incorporation.
In the event of a stock split, generally, shareholders will not be required to exchange share certificates for new share certificates, but certificates representing the additional shares resulting from the stock split will be issued to shareholders. When a stock split is to be made, the Company must give public notice of the stock split, specifying the record date therefor, at least 2 weeks prior to such record date. In addition, promptly after the stock split takes effect, the Company must give notice to each shareholder specifying the number of shares of Common Stock to which such shareholder is entitled by virtue of the stock split. After the New Company Law becomes effective, no such notice to each shareholder is required.
Consolidation of Shares
The Company may at any time consolidate shares in issue into a smaller number of shares by a special shareholders resolution (as defined in Voting Rights). When a consolidation of shares is to be made, the Company must give public notice and notice to each shareholder that, within a period of not less than one month specified in the notice, share certificates must be submitted to the Company for exchange. The Company must disclose the reason for the consolidation of shares at the general meeting of shareholders.
General meeting of shareholders
The ordinary general meeting of shareholders of the Company for each fiscal year is normally held in June in each year in or near Anjo, Aichi, Japan. In addition, the Company may hold an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders whenever necessary by giving notice of convocation thereof at least 2 weeks prior to the date set for the meeting.
Notice of convocation of a shareholders meeting setting forth the place, time and purpose thereof, must be mailed to each shareholder having voting rights (or, in the case of a non-resident shareholder, to his or her standing proxy or mailing address in Japan) at least 2 weeks prior to the date set for the meeting. Such notice may be given to shareholders by electronic means, subject to the consent of the relevant shareholders. The record date for an ordinary general meeting of shareholders is March 31 of each year.
Any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 3 percent (or, when the New Company Law becomes effective and in the event that the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide for a percentage lower than 3 percent, such percentage) of the total number of voting rights for a period of 6 months (or, when the New Company Law becomes effective and in the event that the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide for a period shorter than 6 months, such period) or more may require the convocation of a general meeting of shareholders for a particular purpose. Unless such shareholders meeting is convened promptly or a convocation notice of a meeting which is to be held not later than 8 weeks (or, when the New Company Law becomes effective and in the event that the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide for a period shorter than 8 weeks, such period) from the day of such demand is dispatched, the requiring shareholder may, upon obtaining a court approval, convene such shareholders meeting. Any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 300 (or, when the New Company Law becomes effective and in the event that the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide for a number less than 300, such
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number) voting rights or 1 percent (or, when the New Company Law becomes effective and in the event that the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide for a percentage lower than one percent, such percentage) of the total number of voting rights for a period of 6 months (or, when the New Company Law becomes effective and in the event that the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide for a period shorter than 6 months, such period) or more may propose a matter to be considered at a general meeting of shareholders by submitting a written request to a Representative Director at least 8 weeks (or, when the New Company Law becomes effective and in the event that the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide for a period shorter than 8 weeks, such period) prior to the date set for such meeting.
Voting rights
So long as the Company maintains the unit share system (see Unit share system below; currently 1,000 shares of Common Stock constitute one unit), a holder of shares constituting one or more full units is entitled to one voting right per unit of shares subject to the limitations on voting rights set forth in the following 2 sentences. A corporate shareholder more than one-quarter of whose total voting rights are directly or indirectly owned by the Company (or when the New Company Law becomes effective, management of which is being controlled in substance by the Company as provided for by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice) may not exercise its voting rights with respect to shares of Common Stock of the Company that it owns. In addition, the Company may not exercise its voting rights with respect to shares of Common Stock that it owns. If the Company eliminates from its Articles of Incorporation the provisions relating to the unit of shares, holders of shares of Common Stock will have one voting right for each share they hold. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation, a resolution can be adopted at a general meeting of shareholders by a majority of the total number of voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting. The Commercial Code (or when the New Company Law becomes effective, the New Company Law) and the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide, however, that the quorum for the election of Directors and Statutory Auditors shall not be less than one-third of the total number of voting rights of all the shareholders. The Companys shareholders are not entitled to cumulative voting in the election of Directors. Shareholders may exercise their voting rights through proxies, provided that the proxies are also shareholders of the Company holding voting rights. The Companys shareholders also may cast their votes in writing, or exercise their voting rights by electronic means when the Board of Directors decides to permit such method of exercising voting rights.
The Commercial Code (or when the New Company Law becomes effective, the New Company Law) and the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide that in order to amend the Companys Articles of Incorporation and in certain other instances, including:
(1) | acquisition of its own shares from specific persons; | |
(2) | consolidation of shares; | |
(3) | any offering of new shares at a specially favorable price (or any offering of stock acquisition rights to subscribe for or acquire shares of capital stock, or bonds with stock acquisition rights at specially favorable conditions) to any persons other than shareholders; | |
(4) | the removal of a Director or Statutory Auditor (when the New Company Law becomes effective, the removal of a Director who is elected by cumulative voting); | |
(5) | the exemption of liability of a Director or Statutory Auditor with certain exceptions; | |
(6) | a reduction of stated capital (when the New Company Law becomes effective, with certain exceptions in which a shareholders resolution is not required); | |
(7) | (when the New Company Law becomes effective ) a distribution of surplus other than dividends which meets certain requirements; | |
(8) | dissolution, merger, or consolidation with certain exceptions in which a shareholders resolution is not required; | |
(9) | the transfer of the whole or a material part of the business; | |
(10) | the taking over of the whole of the business of any other corporation with certain exceptions in which a shareholders resolution is not required; |
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(11) share exchange or share transfer for the purpose of establishing 100 percent parent-subsidiary
relationships with certain exceptions in which a shareholders resolution is not required; or
(12) separating of the corporation into two or more corporations with certain exceptions in which a
shareholders resolution is not required,
the quorum shall be one-third of the total voting rights of all the shareholders and the approval by at least two-thirds (or, when the New Company Law becomes effective and in the event that the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide for a percentage more than two-thirds, such percentage) of the voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting is required (in addition, when the New Company Law becomes effective and in the event that the Companys Articles of Incorporation provide that the approval by certain number of shareholders is required, such approval is also required) (the special shareholders resolutions).
Issue of additional shares and pre-emptive rights
Holders of shares of Common Stock have no pre-emptive rights under the Articles of Incorporation of the Company. Authorized but unissued shares may be issued at such times and upon such terms as the Board of Directors determines, subject to the limitations as to the offering of new shares at a substantially favorable price mentioned under Voting rights above. The Board of Directors may, however, determine that shareholders shall be given subscription rights regarding a particular issue of new shares, in which case such rights must be given on uniform terms to all shareholders as at a record date of which not less than 2 weeks prior public notice must be given. Each of the shareholders to whom such rights are given must also be given notice of the expiry thereof at least 2 weeks prior to the date on which such rights expire.
The Company may issue stock acquisition rights by a resolution of the Board of Directors, subject to the limitations as to the offering of stock acquisition rights on substantially favorable exercise conditions mentioned under Voting rights above. Holders of stock acquisition rights may exercise their rights to acquire a certain number of shares within the exercise period as prescribed in the terms of their stock acquisition rights. Upon exercise of stock acquisition rights, the Company will be obliged to issue the relevant number of new shares or alternatively to transfer the necessary number of treasury stock held by it.
In cases where a particular issue of new shares or stock acquisition rights (i) violates laws and regulations or the Companys Articles of Incorporation, or (ii) will be performed in a manner materially unfair, and shareholders may suffer disadvantages therefrom, such shareholder may file an injunction to enjoin such issue with a court.
Liquidation rights
In the event of a liquidation of the Company, the assets remaining after payment of all debts, liquidation expenses and taxes will be distributed among shareholders in proportion to the respective numbers of shares of Common Stock held by them.
Record date
March 31 is the record date for the Companys year-end dividends. So long as the Company maintains the unit share system, the shareholders and beneficial shareholders who are registered or recorded as the holders of one or more full units of shares in the Companys registers of shareholders and/or beneficial shareholders in writing or digitally (or electronically) at the end of each March 31 are also entitled to exercise shareholders rights at the ordinary general meeting of shareholders with respect to the fiscal year ending on such March 31. September 30 is the record date for interim dividends. In addition, the Company may set a record date for determining the shareholders and/or beneficial shareholders entitled to other rights and for other purposes by giving at least 2 weeks prior public notice.
The price of shares of Common Stock generally goes ex-dividend or ex-rights on Japanese stock exchanges on the third business day prior to a record date (or if the record date is not a business day, the fourth business day prior thereto), for the purpose of dividends or rights offerings.
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Acquisition by the Company of Common Stock
The Company may acquire shares of Common Stock: (a) through a stock exchange on which such shares are listed (pursuant to an ordinary resolution of an ordinary general meeting of shareholders or a resolution of the Board of Directors) or by way of tender offer (pursuant to an ordinary resolution of an ordinary general meeting of shareholders or a resolution of the Board of Directors); (b) by purchase from a specific party other than a subsidiary of the Company (pursuant to a special resolution of an ordinary general meeting of shareholders); or (c) by purchase from a subsidiary of the Company (pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors). Under the New Company Law, not only ordinary general meetings of shareholders but also extraordinary general meetings of shareholders will be able to approve the acquisition by the Company of its own shares in the cases of (a) and (b) above. When such acquisition is made by the Company from a specific party other than a subsidiary of the Company, any other shareholder may make a request to a Representative Director, more than 5 calendar days prior to the relevant shareholders meeting, to include him/her as the seller in the proposed purchase. However, under the New Company Law, the acquisition of its own shares at a price not exceeding the then market price to be provided under an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice will not trigger the right of any shareholder to include him/her as the seller of his/her shares in such proposed purchase. Any such acquisition of shares must satisfy certain requirements, including that, in cases other than the acquisition by the Company of shares of Common Stock pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, the total amount of the purchase price may not exceed the amount of the retained earnings available for dividend payments after taking into account any reduction, if any, of the stated capital, additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (if such reduction of the stated capital, additional paid-in capital or legal reserve has been authorized pursuant to a resolution of the relevant ordinary general meeting of shareholders), minus the amount to be paid by way of appropriation of retained earnings for the relevant fiscal year and the amount to be transferred from retained earnings to stated capital. If the Company purchases shares of Common Stock pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, the total amount of the purchase price may not exceed the amount of the retained earnings available for an interim dividend payment minus the amount of any interim dividend the Company actually paid. However, if it is anticipated that the net assets on the non-consolidated balance sheet as at the end of the relevant fiscal year will be less than the aggregate amount of the stated capital, additional paid-in capital and other items as described in (i) through (v) in Dividends Distributable amount above, the Company may not acquire such shares. Under the New Company Law, the restriction on the source of funds for the acquisition by the Company of its own shares will be integrated into those for the distribution of surplus to the shareholders. See Dividends. Shares of Common Stock acquired by the Company may be held by it for any period or may be cancelled by resolution of the Board of Directors. The Company may also transfer to any person the shares of Common Stock held by it, subject to a resolution of the Board of Directors, and subject also to other requirements similar to those applicable to the issuance of new shares, as described in Issue of additional shares and pre-emptive rights above. The Company may also utilize its treasury stock for the purpose of transfer to any person upon exercise of stock acquisition rights or for the purpose of acquiring another company by way of merger, share exchange or corporate split through exchange of treasury stock for shares or assets of the acquired company.
Unit share system
The Articles of Incorporation of the Company provide that 1,000 shares of Common Stock constitute one unit of shares. Although the number of shares constituting one unit is included in the Articles of Incorporation, any amendment to the Articles of Incorporation reducing (but not increasing) the number of shares constituting one unit or eliminating the provisions for the unit of shares may be made by the resolution of the Board of Directors rather than by a special shareholders resolution, which is otherwise required for amending the Articles of Incorporation. The number of shares constituting one new unit, however, cannot exceed 1,000 or one-two hundredth of all issued shares.
Under the unit share system, shareholders shall have one voting right for each unit of shares that they hold. Any number of shares less than one full unit carries no voting rights.
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Unless the Companys shareholders amend the Articles of Incorporation of the Company by a special shareholders resolution to eliminate the provision not to issue share certificates for shares of Common Stock constituting less than one full unit, a share certificate for any number of shares of Common Stock constituting less than one full unit will in general not be issued. As the transfer of shares normally requires the delivery of the share certificates therefor, any fraction of a unit for which no share certificates are issued is not transferable.
A holder of shares of Common Stock constituting less than one full unit may require the Company to purchase such shares at their market value in accordance with the provisions of the Share Handling Regulations of the Company.
In addition, the Articles of Incorporation of the Company provide that a holder of shares of Common Stock constituting less than one full unit may request the Company to sell to such holder such amount of shares of Common Stock which will, when added together with the shares of Common Stock constituting less than one full unit, constitute one full unit of shares, in accordance with the provisions of the Share Handling Regulations of the Company.
A holder who owns ADRs evidencing less than 1,000 ADSs will indirectly own shares of Common Stock constituting less than one full unit. Although, as discussed above, under the unit share system holders of shares of Common Stock constituting less than one full unit have the right to require the Company to purchase such shares held by them or sell shares of Common Stock held by the Company to such holders, holders of ADRs evidencing ADSs that represent other than integral multiples of full units are unable to withdraw the underlying shares of Common Stock constituting less than one full unit and, therefore, are unable, as a practical matter, to exercise the rights to require the Company to purchase such underlying shares or sell shares of Common Stock held by the Company to such holders, unless the Companys Articles of Incorporation are amended to eliminate the provision not to issue share certificates for shares of Common Stock constituting less than one full unit. As a result, access to the Japanese markets by holders of ADRs through the withdrawal mechanism will not be available for dispositions of shares of Common Stock in lots less than one full unit. The unit share system does not affect the transferability of ADSs, which may be transferred in lots of any size.
Sale by the Company of shares held by shareholders whose location is unknown
The Company is not required to send a notice to a shareholder if a notice to such shareholder fails to arrive at the registered address of the shareholder in the Companys register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to the Company continuously for 5 years or more.
In addition, the Company may sell or otherwise dispose of shares of Common Stock for which the location of the shareholder is unknown. Generally, if (i) notices to a shareholder fail to arrive continuously for 5 years or more at the shareholders registered address in the Companys register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to the Company, and (ii) the shareholder fails to receive dividends on the shares of Common Stock continuously for 5 years or more at the address registered in the Companys register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to the Company, the Company may, by a resolution of the Board of Directors, sell or otherwise dispose of the shareholders shares at the then market price of shares of Common Stock and after giving at least 3 months prior public and individual notice, and hold or deposit the proceeds of such sale or disposal of shares of Common Stock for such shareholder.
Reporting of substantial shareholdings
The Securities and Exchange Law of Japan and regulations thereunder require any person, regardless of residence, who has become, beneficially and solely or jointly, a holder of more than 5 percent of the total issued shares of capital stock of a company listed on any Japanese stock exchange or whose shares are traded on the over-the-counter market in Japan to file with the Director-General of a competent Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance within 5 business days a report concerning such shareholdings.
A similar report must also be filed in respect of any subsequent change of one percent or more in any such holding or any change in material matters set out in reports previously filed, with certain exceptions. For this purpose, shares issuable to such person upon conversion of convertible securities or exercise of share subscription warrants or stock
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acquisition rights are taken into account in determining both the number of shares held by such holder and the issuers total issued share capital. Copies of such report must also be furnished to the issuer of such shares and all Japanese stock exchanges on which the shares are listed.
Except for the general limitation under Japanese anti-trust and anti-monopoly regulations against holding of shares of capital stock of a Japanese corporation which leads or may lead to a restraint of trade or monopoly, and except for general limitations under the Commercial Code or the Companys Articles of Incorporation on the rights of shareholders applicable regardless of residence or nationality, there is no limitation under Japanese laws and regulations applicable to the Company or under its Articles of Incorporation on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold the shares of Common Stock of the Company or exercise voting rights thereon. There is no provision in the Companys Articles of Incorporation that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company and that would operate only with respect to merger, consolidation, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving the Company.
C. Material contracts
In connection with the civil rehabilitation process of Makitas consolidated subsidiary, Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd. (Joyama), Makita entered into a Sponsorship Agreement (the Sponsorship Agreement) dated January 17, 2005 with Tokyo Tatemono, Ltd. (Tokyo Tatemono) and Joyama, in order to rehabilitate Joyamas golf club. Under the Sponsorship Agreement, Joyama is to satisfy at least 50% of the outstanding debt obligations in connection with its rehabilitation, Joyama will retire and extinguish all Joyama shares held by Makita for no consideration to Makita, and, as a result of issuing new Joyama shares to Tokyo Tatemono, Makita will transfer its management of Joyama to Tokyo Tatemono. In addition, in order to execute the Joyama rehabilitation plan, a memorandum of understanding regarding the Sponsorship Agreement was executed on May 26, 2005.
Makita entered into a share purchase agreement with Kanematsu-NNK Corp. (Kanematsu) on December 24, 2004. The agreement sets forth the transfer of Kanematsus nailer business to Makita Fastening, Ltd., and Makitas purchase of shares of common stock of Makita Fastening, Ltd. then held by Kanematsu. As a result, Makita acquired Kanematsus nailer business. The closing date was set for April 1, 2005, with a purchase price of 3.2 billion yen (subject to adjustment). Subsequently, the issue of Kanematsus forgery of the Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport of Japans certificate of performance of its screws came to light, and as a result, Makita cancelled the planned purchase and on February 22, 2005, executed a cancellation agreement with Kanematsu.
D. Exchange Controls
The Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law of Japan and its related cabinet orders and ministerial ordinances (the Foreign Exchange Regulations) govern the acquisition and holding of shares of Common Stock of the Company by exchange non-residents and by foreign investors. The Foreign Exchange Regulations currently in effect do not, however, affect transactions between exchange non-residents to purchase or sell shares outside Japan using currencies other than Japanese yen.
Exchange non-residents are:
| individuals who do not reside in Japan; and | |
| corporations whose principal offices are located outside Japan. |
Generally, branches and other offices of non-resident corporations that are located within Japan are regarded as residents of Japan. Conversely, branches and other offices of Japanese corporations located outside Japan are regarded as exchange non-residents.
Foreign investors are:
| individuals who are exchange non-residents; |
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| corporations that are organized under the laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside of Japan; and | |
| corporations (1) of which 50 percent or more of their shares are held by individuals who are exchange non-residents and/or corporations (a) that are organized under the laws of foreign countries or (b) whose principal offices are located outside of Japan or (2) a majority of whose officers, or officers having the power of representation, are individuals who are exchange non-residents. |
In general, the acquisition of shares of a Japanese company (such as the shares of Common Stock of the Company) by an exchange nonresident from a resident of Japan is not subject to any prior filing requirements. In certain limited circumstances, however, the Minister of Finance may require prior approval of an acquisition of this type. While prior approval, as described above, is not required, in the case where a resident of Japan transfers shares of a Japanese company (such as the shares of Common Stock of the Company) for consideration exceeding 100 million yen to an exchange non-resident, the resident of Japan who transfers the shares is required to report the transfer to the Minister of Finance within 20 days from the date of the transfer, unless the transfer was made through a bank, securities company or financial futures trader licensed under Japanese law.
If a foreign investor acquires shares of a Japanese company that is listed on a Japanese stock exchange (such as the shares of Common Stock of the Company) and, as a result of the acquisition, the foreign investor, in combination with any existing holdings, directly or indirectly holds 10 percent or more of the issued shares of the relevant company, the foreign investor must file a report of the acquisition with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Ministers having jurisdiction over that Japanese company within 15 days from and including the date of the acquisition, except where the offering of the companys shares was made overseas. In limited circumstances, such as where the foreign investor is in a country that is not listed on an exemption schedule in the Foreign Exchange Regulations, a prior notification of the acquisition must be filed with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Ministers, who may then modify or prohibit the proposed acquisition.
Under the Foreign Exchange Regulations, dividends paid on and the proceeds from sales in Japan of shares of Common Stock of the Company held by non-residents of Japan may generally be converted into any foreign currency and repatriated abroad.
E. Taxation
The discussion below is intended for general information only and does not constitute a complete analysis of all tax consequences relating to the ownership of shares of Common Stock or ADSs. Prospective purchasers of shares of Common Stock or ADSs should consult their own tax advisors concerning the tax consequences of their particular situations.
The following is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income and Japanese national tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares of Common Stock or ADSs. This summary does not address any aspects of U.S. federal tax law other than income taxation, and does not discuss any aspects of Japanese tax law other than such income taxation as limited to national taxes and inheritance and gift taxation. This summary also does not cover any state or local, or non-U.S. non-Japanese tax considerations. Investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, state and local and Japanese and other tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of shares of Common Stock or ADSs. Also, this summary does not purport to address all the material tax consequences that may be relevant to the holders of shares of Common Stock or ADSs, and does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investors, some of which (such as tax-exempt entities, banks, insurance companies, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, partnerships and other pass-through entities, investors liable for alternative minimum tax, investors that own or are treated as owning 10 percent or more of the Companys voting stock, investors that hold shares of Common Stock or ADSs as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion or constructive sale transaction or other integrated transaction, and U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar) may be subject to special tax rules. This summary is based on the tax laws and regulations of the United States and Japan, judicial decisions, published rulings and
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administrative pronouncements, all as in effect on the date hereof, as well as on the current income tax convention between the United States and Japan (the Treaty), all of which are subject to change (possibly with retroactive effect), and/or to differing interpretations.
In addition, this summary is based in part upon the representations of the depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement for ADSs, and in any related agreement, will be performed in accordance with its terms.
For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. Holder is any beneficial owner of shares of Common Stock or ADSs that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
1. | an individual citizen or resident of the United States; | |
2. | a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; | |
3. | an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax without regard to its source; or | |
4. | a trust that is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more U.S. persons, or that has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
An Eligible U.S. Holder is a U.S. Holder that:
1. | is a resident of the United States for purposes of the Treaty; | |
2. | does not maintain a permanent establishment in Japan (a) with which shares of Common Stock or ADSs are effectively connected and (b) of which shares of Common Stock or ADSs form part of the business property; and | |
3. | is eligible for benefits under the Treaty, with respect to income and gain derived in connection with shares of Common Stock or ADSs. |
In general, taking into account the earlier assumption, for purposes of the Treaty and for U.S. federal income and Japanese income tax purposes, owners of ADRs evidencing ADSs will be treated as the owners of shares of Common Stock represented by those ADSs, and exchanges of shares of Common Stock for ADSs, and exchanges of ADSs for shares of Common Stock, will not be subject to U.S. federal income or Japanese income tax.
Japanese Taxation
The following is a summary of the principal Japanese tax consequences (limited to national taxes) to holders of shares of Common Stock and of ADRs evidencing ADSs representing shares of Common Stock who are either individuals who are non residents of Japan or non-Japanese corporations, without a permanent establishment in Japan (non-resident Holders).
Generally, a non-resident of Japan or a non-Japanese corporation is subject to Japanese withholding tax on dividends paid by Japanese corporations. Stock splits in themselves are not subject to Japanese income tax.
In the absence of an applicable tax treaty, convention or agreement reducing the maximum rate of Japanese withholding tax or allowing exemption from Japanese withholding tax, the rate of Japanese withholding tax applicable to dividends paid by Japanese corporations to individuals who are non-residents of Japan or non-Japanese corporations is 20 percent. With respect to dividends paid on listed shares issued by a Japanese corporation (such as shares of Common Stock) to any corporate or individual shareholders (including those shareholders who are non-Japanese corporations or Japanese non-resident individuals, such as non-resident Holders), except for any individual shareholder who holds 5 percent or more of the total shares issued by the relevant Japanese corporation, the aforementioned 20 percent withholding tax rate is reduced to (i) 7 percent for dividends due and payable on or before March 31, 2008, and (ii) 15 percent for dividends due and payable on or after April 1, 2008. As of the date of this annual report, Japan has income tax treaties, conventions or agreements whereby the above-mentioned withholding tax rate is reduced, in most cases to 15 percent for portfolio investors with, among other countries, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the U.K.
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Under the Treaty , the maximum rate of Japanese withholding tax which may be imposed on dividends paid by a Japanese corporation to an Eligible U.S. Holder that is a portfolio investor is generally limited to 10 percent of the gross amount actually distributed, and Japanese withholding tax with respect to dividends paid by a Japanese corporation to an Eligible U.S. Holder that is a pension fund is exempt from Japanese taxation by way of withholding or otherwise unless such dividends are derived from the carrying on of a business, directly or indirectly, by such pension fund.
If the maximum tax rate provided for in the income tax treaty applicable to dividends paid by the Company to any particular non-resident Holder is lower than the withholding tax rate otherwise applicable under Japanese tax law or any particular non-resident Holder is exempt from Japanese income tax with respect to such dividends under the income tax treaty applicable to such particular non-resident Holder, such nonresident Holder is required to submit an Application Form for Income Tax Convention Regarding Relief from Japanese Income Tax on Dividends in advance through the Company to the relevant tax authority before the payment of dividends. A standing proxy for non-resident Holders of a Japanese corporation may provide this application service. With respect to ADSs, this reduced rate or exemption is applicable if the Depositary or its agent submits two Application Forms (one before payment of dividends and the other within 8 months after the Companys fiscal year-end or semi-fiscal year-end). To claim this reduced rate or exemption, any relevant non-resident Holder of ADSs will be required to file a proof of taxpayer status, residence and beneficial ownership (as applicable) and to provide other information or documents as may be required by the Depositary. A non-resident Holder who is entitled, under an applicable income tax treaty, to a reduced rate which is lower than the withholding tax rate otherwise applicable under Japanese tax law or an exemption from the withholding tax, but failed to submit the required application in advance will be entitled to claim the refund of taxes withheld in excess of the rate under an applicable tax treaty (if such non-resident Holder is entitled to a reduced treaty rate under the applicable income tax treaty) or the full amount of tax withheld (if such non-resident Holder is entitled to an exemption under the applicable income tax treaty) from the relevant Japanese tax authority.
Gains derived from the sale of shares of Common Stock or ADSs outside Japan by a non-resident Holder holding such shares of Common Stock or ADSs as portfolio investors are, in general, not subject to Japanese income or corporation tax. Eligible U.S. Holders are not subject to Japanese income or corporation tax with respect to such gains under the Treaty.
Japanese inheritance and gift taxes at progressive rates may be payable by an individual who has acquired shares of Common Stock or ADSs as a legatee, heir or donee even though neither the individual nor the deceased nor donor is a Japanese resident.
Holders of shares of Common Stock or ADSs should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of these taxes and, in the case of U.S. Holders, the possible application of the Estate and Gift Tax Treaty between the U.S. and Japan.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation
U.S. Holders
The following discussion is a summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to holders of shares of Common Stock and ADSs that are U.S. Holders and that hold those shares or ADSs as capital assets (generally, for investment purposes).
Taxation of Dividends
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, under U.S. federal income tax law, the gross amount of any distribution made by us in respect of shares of Common Stock or ADSs (without reduction for Japanese withholding taxes) will constitute a taxable dividend to the extent paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. The U.S. dollar amount of such a dividend generally will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder, as ordinary income, when actually or constructively received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of shares of Common Stock, or by the depositary, in the case of ADSs.
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Dividends paid by us will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporation.
Subject to certain exceptions for short-term and hedged positions, and provided that we are not a passive foreign investment company (as discussed below), dividends received by certain U.S. Holders (including individuals) prior to January 1, 2009 with respect to the Common Stock or ADSs will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation at a maximum rate of 15 percent. Investors should be aware that the U.S. Treasury Department has announced its intention to promulgate rules pursuant to which shareholders (and intermediaries) will be permitted to rely on certifications from issuers to establish that dividends qualify for the reduced rate of U.S. federal income taxation. Because such procedures have not yet been issued, we are not certain that we will be able to comply with them. U.S. Holders of ADSs or Common Stock should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the reduced rate in the light of their own particular circumstances.
The U.S. dollar amount of a dividend paid in Japanese yen will be determined based on the Japanese yen/U.S. dollar exchange rate in effect on the date that dividend is included in the income of the U. S. Holder, regardless of whether the payment is converted into U.S. dollars on such date. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend payment is included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder through the date that payment is converted into U.S. dollars (or the U.S. Holder otherwise disposed of the Japanese yen) will be treated as U.S. source ordinary income or loss. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the calculation and U.S. federal income tax treatment of foreign currency gain or loss.
To the extent, if any, that the amount of any distribution received by a U.S. Holder in respect of shares of Common Stock or ADSs exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, the distribution first will be treated as a tax-free return of the U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in those shares or ADSs, and thereafter as U.S. source capital gain. Distributions of additional shares of Common Stock that are made to U.S. Holders with respect to their shares of Common Stock or ADSs and that are part of a pro rata distribution to all the Companys shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
For U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, dividends included in gross income by a U.S. Holder in respect of shares of Common Stock or ADSs will constitute income from sources outside the United States and generally will be treated separately, together with other items of passive income (or, in the case of some holders, financial services income) in computing foreign tax credit limitations. Subject to generally applicable limitations under U.S. federal income tax law and the Prior or New Treaty, any Japanese withholding tax imposed in respect of a company dividend may be claimed either as a credit against the U.S. federal income tax liability of a U.S. Holder or, if the U.S. Holder elects not to take a credit for any foreign taxes that year, as a deduction from that U.S. Holders taxable income. Special rules will generally apply to the calculation of foreign tax credits in respect of dividend income that qualifies for preferential U.S. federal income tax rates. Additionally, special rules apply to individuals whose foreign source income during the taxable year consists entirely of qualified passive income and whose creditable foreign taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year do not exceed $300 ($600 in the case of a joint return). Further, under some circumstances, a U.S. Holder that:
| has held shares of Common Stock or ADSs for less than a specified minimum period, or | |
| is obligated to make payments related to our dividends, |
will not be allowed a foreign tax credit for foreign taxes imposed on our dividends. The rules with respect to foreign tax credits are complex and involve the application of rules that depend on a U.S. Holders particular circumstances, and accordingly, U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has expressed concern that parties to whom ADSs are released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs. Accordingly, investors should be aware that the discussion above regarding the creditability of Japanese withholding tax on dividends could be affected by future actions that may be taken by the IRS.
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Taxation of Capital Gains and Losses
In general, upon a sale or other taxable disposition of shares of Common Stock or ADSs, a U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sales or other taxable disposition and the U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in those Common Stock or ADSs. A U.S. Holder generally will have an adjusted tax basis in a share of Common Stock or an ADS equal to its U.S. dollar cost. In general, subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, such gain or loss recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition of shares of Common Stock or ADSs will be capital gain or loss and, if the U.S. Holders holding period for those shares or ADSs exceeds one year, will be long-term capital gain or loss. Certain U.S. Holders, including individuals, are eligible for preferential rates of U.S. federal income tax in respect of long-term capital gains. Under U.S. federal tax law, the deduction of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder in respect of the sale or other taxable disposition of shares of Common Stock or ADSs generally will be treated as derived from U.S. sources for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.
Deposits and withdrawals of Common Stock in exchange for ADSs will not result in the realization of gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies
Based on current estimates of our income and assets, we do not believe that we are, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a passive foreign investment company (a PFIC), and we intend to continue our operations in such a manner that it is highly unlikely that we would become a PFIC in the future. However, there can be no assurance in this regard, because the PFIC determination is made annually and is based on the portion of our assets (including goodwill) or the portion of our income that is characterized as passive under the PFIC rules. If we become a PFIC, unless a U.S. Holder elects to be taxed annually on a mark-to-market basis with respect to its shares of Common Stock or ADSs, any gain realized on a sale or other taxable disposition of shares of Common Stock or ADSs and certain excess distributions (generally distributions in excess of 125 percent of the average distribution over a three-year period, or shorter holding period for the shares of Common Stock or ADSs) would be treated as realized ratably over the U.S. Holders holding period for the shares of Common Stock or ADSs; amounts allocated to prior years while we are a PFIC would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for each such year, and an additional interest charge may apply to the portion of the U.S. federal income tax liability on such gains or distributions treated under the PFIC rules as having been deferred by the U.S. Holder. Moreover, dividends that a U.S. Holder receives from us will not be eligible for the reduced U.S. federal income tax rates described above if we are a PFIC either in the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year (and instead will be taxable at rates applicable to ordinary income).
If a market-to-market election were made, a U.S. Holder would take into account each year the appreciation or depreciation in value of its shares of Common Stock or ADS, which would be treated as ordinary income or (subject to limitations) ordinary loss, as would gains or losses on actual dispositions of Common Stock or ADSs. Any U.S. Holder who owns shares of Common Stock or ADSs during any year that we are a PFIC would be required to file IRS Form 8621. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to the shares of Common Stock or ADSs and the availability and advisability of making an election to avoid the adverse tax consequences of the PFIC rules should we be considered a PFIC for any taxable year.
Non-U.S. Holders
The following discussion is a summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to beneficial holders of shares of Common Stock or ADSs that are neither U.S. Holders nor partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (Non-U.S. Holders).
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Subject to the discussion below under Backup Withholding and Information Reporting, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to any U.S. federal income or withholding tax on distributions received in respect of shares of Common Stock or ADSs unless the distributions are effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business within the United States (and, if an applicable tax treaty requires, are attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base of such Non-U.S. Holder).
Subject to the discussion below under Backup Withholding and Information Reporting, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax in respect of gain recognized on a sale or other disposition of shares of Common Stock or ADSs, unless:
(i) | the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by the Non-U.S. Holder within the United States (and, if an applicable tax treaty requires, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base of such Non-U.S. Holder), or | |
(ii) | the Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who was present in the United States for 183 or more days in the taxable year of the disposition and other conditions are met. |
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
In general, except in the case of certain exempt recipients (such as corporations), information reporting requirements will apply to dividends on shares of Common Stock or ADSs paid to U.S. Holders in the United States or through certain U.S. related financial intermediaries and to the proceeds received upon the sale, exchange or redemption of shares of Common Stock or ADSs by U.S. Holders within the United States or through certain U.S. related financial intermediaries. Furthermore, backup withholding (currently at a rate of 28 percent) may apply to those amounts if a U.S. Holder fails to provide an accurate tax identification number, to certify that such holder is not subject to backup withholding or to otherwise comply with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding requirements.
Dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder in respect of shares of Common Stock or ADSs, and proceeds received in the sale, exchange or redemption of shares of Common Stock or ADSs by a Non-U.S. Holder, generally, are exempt from information reporting and backup withholding under current U.S. federal income tax law. However, a Non-U.S. Holder may be required to provide certification of non-U.S. status in order to obtain that exemption. Persons required to establish their exempt status generally must provide such certification on IRS Form W-9, entitled Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification, in the case of U.S. persons, and on IRS Form W-8BEN, entitled Certificate of Foreign Status (or other appropriate IRS Form W-8), in the case of non-U.S. persons.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of backup withholding imposed on a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the holders U.S. federal income tax liability provided that the required information is properly furnished to the IRS.
THE SUMMARY OF U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND JAPANESE TAX CONSEQUENCES SET OUT ABOVE IS INTENDED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY. INVESTORS IN THE COMMON STOCK OR ADSs ARE URGED TO CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF OWNING OR DISPOSING OF COMMON STOCK OR ADSs, BASED ON THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.
F. Dividends and paying agents
Not applicable
G. Statement by experts
Not applicable
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H. Documents on display
Makita files its annual report on Form 20-F and press releases or reports for shareholders or investors on Form 6-K with the SEC. You may read and copy documents referred to in this annual report on Form 20-F that have been filed with the SEC at the SECs public reference room located at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20549 or by accessing the SECs home page (http://www.sec.gov)
I. Subsidiary information
Not applicable
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market Risk Exposure
Makita is exposed to various market risks, including those related to changes in foreign exchange
rates, interest rates, and the prices of marketable securities and investment securities. In order
to hedge the risks of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates, Makita uses
derivative financial instruments. Makita does not hold or use derivative financial instruments for
trading purposes. Although the use of derivative financial instruments exposes Makita to the risk
of credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties, Makita believes that its
counterparties are creditworthy because they are required to have a credit rating of a specified
level or above, and Makita does not expect credit-related losses, if any, to be significant.
Equity and Debt Securities Price Risk
Makita classified investments of debt securities for current operations as marketable securities
within current assets. Other investments are classified as investment securities as a part of
investments and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Makita does not hold marketable
securities and investment securities for trading purposes. The fair value of certain of these
investments expose Makita to equity price risks. These investments are subject to changes in the
market prices of the securities. The maturities and fair values of such marketable securities and
investment securities at March 31, 2004 and 2005 were as follows:
Yen (millions) | U.S. Dollars (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying | Fair | Carrying | Fair | Carrying | Fair | |||||||||||||||||||
Amount | Value | Amount | Value | Amount | Value | |||||||||||||||||||
Due within one year |
¥ | 58,523 | ¥ | 58,530 | ¥ | 53,581 | ¥ | 53,581 | $ | 500,757 | $ | 500,757 | ||||||||||||
Due after one year
through five years |
2,268 | 2,267 | 2,610 | 2,615 | 24,393 | 24,439 | ||||||||||||||||||
Due after five years |
3,182 | 3,180 | 2,150 | 2,144 | 20,092 | 20,037 | ||||||||||||||||||
Indefinite periods |
1,600 | 1,600 | 1,614 | 1,614 | 15,084 | 15,084 | ||||||||||||||||||
Equity securities |
20,556 | 20,556 | 20,433 | 20,433 | 190,963 | 190,963 | ||||||||||||||||||
¥ | 86,129 | ¥ | 86,134 | ¥ | 80,388 | ¥ | 80,387 | $ | 751,289 | $ | 751,280 | |||||||||||||
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Foreign Exchange Risk
Makitas international operations and indebtedness denominated in foreign currencies expose Makita
to the risk of fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates. To manage this exposure, Makita
enters into certain foreign exchange contracts with respect to a part of such international
operations and indebtedness. The following table provides information about Makitas major
derivative financial instruments related to foreign currency transactions as of March 31, 2004 and
March 31, 2005. Figures are translated into yen at the rates prevailing at March 31, 2004 and March
31, 2005, together with the relevant weighted average contractual exchange rates at March 31, 2005.
All of the foreign exchange contracts listed in the following table have contractual maturities in
FY 2005 and 2006.
Yen (millions) (except average contractual rates) | U.S. Dollars (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average | Average | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contract | contractual | Contract | contractual | Contract | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
amounts | Fair Value | rates | amounts | Fair Value | rates | amounts | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency contracts; |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S.$/Yen |
¥ | 3,656 | ¥ | 69 | ¥ | 107.21 | ¥ | 3,934 | ¥ | (112 | ) | ¥ | 104.09 | $ | 36,766 | $ | (1,047 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Euro/Yen |
3,035 | 112 | 133.59 | 3,166 | (36 | ) | 137.05 | 29,589 | (336 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
A$/Yen |
567 | 12 | 81.02 | 329 | (9 | ) | 80.12 | 3,075 | (84 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
STG/Yen |
48 | | 190.17 | 129 | (2 | ) | 197.94 | 1,206 | (19 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Euro/STG |
1,374 | 63 | | 1,413 | 16 | | 13,206 | 150 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
770 | 17 | | 1,299 | 6 | | 12,140 | 55 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
¥ | 9,450 | ¥ | 273 | ¥ | 10,270 | ¥ | (137 | ) | $ | 95,982 | $ | (1,281 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency swaps: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S.$/Yen |
¥ | 240 | ¥ | 27 | ¥ | 119.99 | ¥ | 749 | ¥ | | ¥ | 107.02 | $ | 7,000 | $ | | ||||||||||||||||
Euro/Yen |
2,537 | 77 | 133.52 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAN$/Yen |
321 | (2 | ) | 80.29 | 424 | (19 | ) | 84.74 | 3,963 | (178 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
A$/Yen |
1,984 | (11 | ) | 79.35 | 3,144 | (187 | ) | 78.60 | 29,383 | (1,748 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
NZ$/Yen |
106 | 1 | 70.35 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
SFr./Yen |
| | | 174 | (5 | ) | 86.99 | 1,626 | (47 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
¥ | 5,188 | ¥ | 92 | ¥ | 4,491 | ¥ | (211 | ) | $ | 41,969 | $ | (1,973 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Options purchased to sell foreign currencies: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S.$/Yen |
¥ | 270 | ¥ | 7 | ¥ | 105.93 | ¥ | 406 | ¥ | 1 | ¥ | 101.56 | $ | 3,794 | $ | 9 | ||||||||||||||||
Euro/Yen |
197 | 5 | 131.40 | 298 | 1 | 135.51 | 2,785 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
126 | 2 | | 63 | | | 589 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
¥ | 593 | ¥ | 14 | ¥ | 767 | ¥ | 2 | $ | 7,168 | $ | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Options
written to buy foreign currencies: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S.$/Yen |
¥ | 277 | ¥ | (2 | ) | ¥ | 108.39 | ¥ | 424 | ¥ | (8 | ) | ¥ | 106.12 | $ | 3,963 | $ | (75 | ) | |||||||||||||
Euro/Yen |
201 | (1 | ) | 134.18 | 305 | (3 | ) | 138.84 | 2,850 | (28 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
131 | (1 | ) | | 67 | | | 626 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
¥ | 609 | ¥ | (4 | ) | ¥ | 796 | ¥ | (11 | ) | $ | 7,439 | $ | (103 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
67
Interest Rate Risk
Makitas exposure to market risk due to changes in interest rates relates primarily to its debt
obligations. Makitas long-term debt bears fixed rates. Interest rate swaps may be entered into
from time to time by Makita to hedge fair values of debt in accordance with Makitas internal
rules. Regarding obligations as of March 31, 2005, the following tables present information
translated into yen at the rate prevailing at the balance sheet date, together with the relevant
weighted average contractual interest rates at March 31, 2005.
Yen (millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average | Year ending March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rates | Total | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Thereafter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese yen loans from banks
and insurance
companies |
3.3 | % | 6,205 | 6,205 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese yen
loans from Japanese
companies |
0.6 | % | 800 | 800 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese yen |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital lease |
1.9 | % | 175 | 87 | 41 | 14 | 8 | 8 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
¥ | 7,180 | ¥ | 7,092 | ¥ | 41 | ¥ | 14 | ¥ | 8 | ¥ | 8 | ¥ | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Dollars (thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average | Year ending March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rates | Total | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Thereafter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese yen
loans from banks
and insurance
companies |
3.3 | % | 57,991 | 57,991 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese yen
loans from Japanese
companies |
0.6 | % | 7,477 | 7,477 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese yen |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital lease |
1.9 | % | 1,635 | 812 | 383 | 131 | 75 | 75 | 159 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 67,103 | $ | 66,280 | $ | 383 | $ | 131 | $ | 75 | $ | 75 | $ | 159 | ||||||||||||||||||
Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
None.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds.
None.
68
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
A. Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
Makita performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the fiscal 2005. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the material financial and non-financial information required to be disclosed in the reports that Makita files under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to its management including the chief executive officer and the principal accounting and financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
The Companys disclosure controls and procedures also ensure that the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commissions rules and forms. The evaluation was performed under the supervision of Masahiko Goto, Makitas Chief Executive Officer, President and Representative Director and Kenichiro Nakai, Makitas Principal Financial and Accounting Officer. Makitas disclosure and controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving its objectives. Managerial judgment was necessary to evaluate the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Masahiko Goto and Kenichiro Nakai have concluded that Makitas disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level.
B. Changes in internal controls over financial reporting
There have been no changes in Makitas internal control over financial reporting during fiscal 2005 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Makitas internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
Makitas Board of Directors has determined that Akio Kondo qualifies as an audit committee financial expert as defined by the rules of the SEC. Mr. Kondo is not independent, as that term is defined in the listing standards applicable to the Company. Mr. Kondo began his career at Makita in 1969, and from May 1979 to June 2004 he has worked in the field of finance and accounting. From April 1991, he served as an Assistant General Manager of the Accounting & Finance Department, and from October 1995 he served as a General Manager of the Accounting & Finance Department, the division responsible for Makitas consolidated reporting. Mr. Kondo was elected as one of Makitas corporate auditors at an ordinary general meeting of shareholders held in June 2004. See Item 6.A. for additional information regarding Mr. Kondo.
Item 16B. Code of Ethics
On May 20, 2003, Makita adopted a code of ethics. On March 17, 2004, Makita amended the code of ethics to: (1) ensure the protection of individuals who report questionable behavior to our Internal Audit Division and (ii) clarify that waivers to our code of ethics for employees must be requested in writing to our Internal Audit Division and for executive officers, directors and statutory auditors can only be granted by the board of directors, only if truly necessary and warranted, and must be promptly disclosed to shareholders.
Makitas code of ethics is publicly available on our website at www.makita.co.jp.
If we make any substantive amendments to the code of ethics or grant any waivers, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of this code to our directors and executive officers, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website.
69
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
KPMG AZSA & Co. have served as our independent public accountants for each of the financial years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2005, for which audited financial statements appear in this annual report on Form 20-F.
The following table presents the aggregate fees for professional services and other services rendered by KPMG AZSA & Co. and the various member firms of KPMG International, a Swiss Cooperative to Makita in fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2004:
Yen (millions) | ||||||||
2004 | 2005 | |||||||
Audit Fees (1) |
¥ | 164 | ¥ | 189 | ||||
Audit- related Fees (2) |
3 | 14 | ||||||
Tax Fees (3) |
74 | 66 | ||||||
All Other Fees (4) |
65 | 83 | ||||||
Total |
¥ | 306 | ¥ | 352 | ||||
(1) | Audit Fees consist of fees billed for the professional services rendered by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the audit of Makitas annual or interim financial statements and services that are normally provided by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagement. | |
(2) | Audit-related Fees consist of fees billed for assurance and related services by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm that are reasonably related to employee benefit plan audits, and consultation concerning financial accounting and reporting standards. | |
(3) | Tax Fees include fees billed for the professional services rendered by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for tax compliance, tax advice, tax planning and transfer pricing documentation. | |
(4) | All Other Fees comprise fees for all other services not included in any of other categories noted above. |
70
Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Statutory Auditors of Makita Corporation consisting of four members, including two outside corporate auditors, is responsible for the oversight of its Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms work. The Board of Statutory Auditors has established Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-approval Policies and Procedures, effective as of August 7, 2003. The policies and procedures stipulate three means by which audit and non-audit services may be pre-approved, depending on the content of and the fee for the services.
Under the United States Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the Act), the Board of Statutory Auditors is required to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to the Company in order to assure that they do not impair their independence from the Company. To implement these provisions of the Act, the US Securities and Exchange Commission has issued rules specifying the types of services that an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm may not provide to its audit client, as well as the Board of Statutory Auditors administration of the engagement of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
Accordingly, the Board of Statutory Auditors has adopted this Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-approval Policy and Procedure, which sets forth the policies, procedures and the conditions for which such services proposed to be performed by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm may be pre-approved. Under this policy, the Board of Statutory Auditors authorizes general pre-approval of all such services, including Audit Services, Audit-related Services, Tax Services and All other Services. Under General Pre-approval protocol, the pre-approved services do not require specific pre-approval from the Board of Statutory Auditors or its delegated member on a case-by-case basis.
The term of any general pre-approval is 12 months from the date of pre-approval, unless the Board of Statutory Auditors considers a different period and states otherwise in the relevant appendix. The Board of Statutory Auditors will annually review this policy, including the services that may be provided by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm without obtaining specific pre-approval from the Board of Statutory Auditors, and make any necessary or appropriate changes to this policy. This policy is designed (1) to be detailed as to the particular services to be provided by the independent auditor, (2) to ensure that the Board of Statutory Auditors is informed of each service provided by the independent auditor and (3) to ensure that the policies and procedures set forth herein do not include delegation of the Board of Statutory Auditors responsibilities under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to management. Nothing in this policy shall be interpreted to be a delegation of the Board of Statutory Auditors responsibilities under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to management of the Company.
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The following table sets out by all Purchases of Common Stock of the Company by its affiliates during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005. The Company did not resolve any repurchase plan or program by the board of directors or Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, therefore, there is no publicly announced plan or program regarding repurchase of Common Stock. The reason for these repurchases of Common Stock is the purchase requests of holders of shares of Common Stock constituting less than one full unit in accordance with the provisions of the Share Handling Regulations of the Company.
71
Total Number of | Average Price Paid | |||||||||||
Shares Purchased | per Share | |||||||||||
Period | (shares) | (¥) | ||||||||||
From April 1, 2004 to April 30, 2004 |
5,854 | 1,440 | ||||||||||
From May 1, 2004 to May 31, 2004 |
3,644 | 1,580 | ||||||||||
From June 1, 2004 to June 30, 2004 |
6,955 | 1,569 | ||||||||||
From July 1, 2004 to July 31, 2004 |
10,844 | 1,589 | ||||||||||
From August 1, 2004 to August 31, 2004 |
10,429 | 1,576 | ||||||||||
From September 1, 2004 to September 30, 2004 |
7,318 | 1,584 | ||||||||||
From October 1, 2004 to October 30, 2004 |
9,111 | 1,476 | ||||||||||
From November 1, 2004 to November 30, 2004 |
9,616 | 1,563 | ||||||||||
From December 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004 |
31,403 | 1,677 | ||||||||||
From January 1, 2004 to January 31, 2004 |
11,597 | 1,770 | ||||||||||
From February 1, 2004 to February 28, 2004 |
8,681 | 1,897 | ||||||||||
From March 1, 2004 to March 31, 2004 |
10,250 | 2,007 | ||||||||||
Total |
125,702 | 1,661 | ||||||||||
72
PART III
Item 17. Financial Statements
We have responded to Item 18 in lieu of responding to this Item.
Item 18. Financial Statements
The following financial statements are filed as part of this annual report on Form 20-F.
Item 19. Exhibits
1.1 | Articles of Incorporation, as amended and effective as of June 29, 2005 (English translation) | |
4.1 | Summary translation of the Sponsorship agreement | |
12.1 | 302 Certification of President and Representative Directors | |
12.2 | 302 Certification of Director, General Manager of Administration Headquarters | |
13.1 | 906 Certifications of President and Representative Director and Director, General Manager of Administration Headquarters |
73
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
MAKITA CORPORATION |
||||
By: | /s/ Masahiko Goto | |||
Name: | Masahiko Goto | |||
Title: | President and Representative Director | |||
Date: July 5, 2005
74
Makita Corporation and Consolidated Subsidiaries
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES
Independent Auditors Report | F-2 | |||
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2004 and 2005 | F-3 and F-4 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 | F-5 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 | F-6 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 | F-7 and F-8 | |||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-9 to F-45 | |||
(Financial Statements of 50% or less owned persons accounted for by
the equity method have been omitted because they are not
applicable.) |
||||
Schedules: | ||||
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 | F-46 | |||
(All schedules not listed above have been omitted because they
are not applicable, or are not required, or the information has
been otherwise supplied in the consolidated financial
statements.) |
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors
of Makita Corporation:
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Makita Corporation (a Japanese corporation) and subsidiaries as listed in the accompanying index. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we have also audited the financial statement schedule as listed in the accompanying index. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Makita Corporation and subsidiaries as of March 31, 2004 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2005, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended March 31, 2005, have been translated into United States dollars solely for the convenience of the reader. We have audited the translation and, in our opinion, the consolidated financial statements, expressed in yen, have been translated into dollars on the basis set forth in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG AZSA & Co.
Tokyo, Japan
April 26, 2005, except as to note 20, which is as of May 31, 2005
F-2
MAKITA CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
MARCH 31, 2004 AND 2005
A S S E T S
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||
CURRENT ASSETS: |
||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
¥ | 24,576 | ¥ | 25,384 | $ | 237,234 | ||||||
Time deposits |
4,050 | 7,867 | 73,523 | |||||||||
Marketable securities |
63,990 | 58,015 | 542,196 | |||||||||
Trade receivables- |
||||||||||||
Notes |
2,254 | 1,687 | 15,766 | |||||||||
Accounts |
34,787 | 38,997 | 364,458 | |||||||||
Less- Allowance for doubtful receivables |
(1,346 | ) | (1,178 | ) | (11,009 | ) | ||||||
Inventories |
54,326 | 66,003 | 616,850 | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes |
3,691 | 3,831 | 35,804 | |||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
8,117 | 7,286 | 68,094 | |||||||||
Total current assets |
194,445 | 207,892 | 1,942,916 | |||||||||
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, AT COST: |
||||||||||||
Land |
18,326 | 17,673 | 165,168 | |||||||||
Buildings and improvements |
50,648 | 51,085 | 477,430 | |||||||||
Machinery and equipment |
73,000 | 73,356 | 685,570 | |||||||||
Construction in progress |
222 | 790 | 7,383 | |||||||||
142,196 | 142,904 | 1,335,551 | ||||||||||
Less- Accumulated depreciation |
(89,231 | ) | (90,080 | ) | (841,869 | ) | ||||||
52,965 | 52,824 | 493,682 | ||||||||||
INVESTMENTS AND OTHER ASSETS: |
||||||||||||
Investment securities |
22,139 | 22,373 | 209,093 | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes |
880 | 390 | 3,645 | |||||||||
Other assets |
7,687 | 6,425 | 60,047 | |||||||||
30,706 | 29,188 | 272,785 | ||||||||||
¥ | 278,116 | ¥ | 289,904 | $ | 2,709,383 | |||||||
F-3
MAKITA CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
MARCH 31, 2004 AND 2005
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |
||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings |
¥ | 14,128 | ¥ | 9,060 | $ | 84,673 | ||||||
Trade notes and accounts payable |
8,525 | 10,574 | 98,822 | |||||||||
Accrued payroll |
7,168 | 7,695 | 71,916 | |||||||||
Club members deposits |
| 12,836 | 119,963 | |||||||||
Accrued expenses and other |
10,656 | 12,248 | 114,467 | |||||||||
Income taxes payable |
6,093 | 5,695 | 53,224 | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes |
53 | 118 | 1,103 | |||||||||
Total current liabilities |
46,623 | 58,226 | 544,168 | |||||||||
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES: |
||||||||||||
Long-term indebtedness |
7,364 | 88 | 822 | |||||||||
Club members deposits |
13,045 | | | |||||||||
Accrued retirement and termination benefits |
15,536 | 5,126 | 47,907 | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes |
235 | 4,538 | 42,411 | |||||||||
Other liabilities |
711 | 887 | 8,290 | |||||||||
36,891 | 10,639 | 99,430 | ||||||||||
MINORITY INTERESTS |
1,254 | 1,399 | 13,075 | |||||||||
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES |
| | | |||||||||
SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY: |
||||||||||||
Common stock, |
||||||||||||
Authorized - 287,000,000 shares in 2004 |
||||||||||||
287,000,000 shares in 2005 |
||||||||||||
Issued and outstanding |
||||||||||||
- 148,006,992 shares and 143,893,191 shares in 2004 |
||||||||||||
148,008,760 shares and 143,777,607 shares in 2005 |
23,803 | 23,805 | 222,477 | |||||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
45,421 | 45,430 | 424,579 | |||||||||
Legal reserve |
5,669 | 5,669 | 52,981 | |||||||||
Retained earnings |
138,819 | 157,502 | 1,471,981 | |||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
(17,048 | ) | (9,249 | ) | (86,439 | ) | ||||||
Treasury stock, at cost: - 4,113,801 shares in 2004 |
||||||||||||
4,231,153 shares in 2005 |
(3,316 | ) | (3,517 | ) | (32,869 | ) | ||||||
193,348 | 219,640 | 2,052,710 | ||||||||||
¥ | 278,116 | ¥ | 289,904 | $ | 2,709,383 | |||||||
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are
an integral part of these balance sheets.
F-4
MAKITA CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
NET SALES |
¥ | 175,603 | ¥ | 184,117 | ¥ | 194,737 | $ | 1,819,972 | ||||||||
Cost of sales |
110,226 | 110,322 | 113,323 | 1,059,093 | ||||||||||||
GROSS PROFIT |
65,377 | 73,795 | 81,414 | 760,879 | ||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
51,579 | 53,698 | 52,646 | 492,019 | ||||||||||||
Loss (Gain) on disposals or sales of
property, plant and equipment |
1,330 | (2,379 | ) | 1,234 | 11,533 | |||||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets |
| 7,780 | 577 | 5,393 | ||||||||||||
Transfer to the government of the
substitutional portion of
pension plan |
| | (4,441 | ) | (41,505 | ) | ||||||||||
OPERATING INCOME |
12,468 | 14,696 | 31,398 | 293,439 | ||||||||||||
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES): |
||||||||||||||||
Interest and dividend income |
786 | 869 | 1,157 | 10,813 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(665 | ) | (605 | ) | (588 | ) | (5,495 | ) | ||||||||
Exchange gains (losses) on foreign
currency transactions, net |
(1,460 | ) | (202 | ) | 37 | 346 | ||||||||||
Realized gains (losses) on securities, net |
(2,590 | ) | 555 | 453 | 4,234 | |||||||||||
Other, net |
753 | 857 | 161 | 1,504 | ||||||||||||
Total |
(3,176 | ) | 1,474 | 1,220 | 11,402 | |||||||||||
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES |
9,292 | 16,170 | 32,618 | 304,841 | ||||||||||||
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES: |
||||||||||||||||
Current |
2,294 | 8,745 | 10,071 | 94,121 | ||||||||||||
Deferred |
275 | (266 | ) | 411 | 3,841 | |||||||||||
Total |
2,569 | 8,479 | 10,482 | 97,962 | ||||||||||||
NET INCOME |
¥ | 6,723 | ¥ | 7,691 | ¥ | 22,136 | $ | 206,879 | ||||||||
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK AND ADS: |
||||||||||||||||
Net income |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
¥ | 45.3 | ¥ | 53.2 | ¥ | 153.9 | $ | 1.44 | ||||||||
Diluted |
44.2 | 51.9 | 148.8 | 1.39 | ||||||||||||
Cash dividends paid for the year |
18.0 | 18.0 | 24.0 | 0.22 |
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are
an integral part of these statements.
F-5
MAKITA CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
COMMON STOCK: |
||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
¥ | 23,803 | ¥ | 23,803 | ¥ | 23,803 | $ | 222,458 | ||||||||
Conversion of convertible bonds;
1,768 shares in 2005 |
| | 2 | 19 | ||||||||||||
Ending balance |
¥ | 23,803 | ¥ | 23,803 | ¥ | 23,805 | $ | 222,477 | ||||||||
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL: |
||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
¥ | 45,419 | ¥ | 45,419 | ¥ | 45,421 | $ | 424,495 | ||||||||
Conversion of convertible bonds |
| | 2 | 19 | ||||||||||||
Gain on sales of treasury stock |
| 2 | 7 | 65 | ||||||||||||
Ending balance |
¥ | 45,419 | ¥ | 45,421 | ¥ | 45,430 | $ | 424,579 | ||||||||
LEGAL RESERVE: |
||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
¥ | 5,669 | ¥ | 5,669 | ¥ | 5,669 | $ | 52,981 | ||||||||
Ending balance |
¥ | 5,669 | ¥ | 5,669 | ¥ | 5,669 | $ | 52,981 | ||||||||
RETAINED EARNINGS: |
||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
¥ | 133,723 | ¥ | 137,753 | ¥ | 138,819 | $ | 1,297,373 | ||||||||
Net income |
6,723 | 7,691 | 22,136 | 206,879 | ||||||||||||
Cash dividends |
(2,693 | ) | (2,610 | ) | (3,453 | ) | (32,271 | ) | ||||||||
Retirement of treasury stock |
| (4,015 | ) | | | |||||||||||
Ending balance |
¥ | 137,753 | ¥ | 138,819 | ¥ | 157,502 | $ | 1,471,981 | ||||||||
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(LOSS), NET OF TAX: |
||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
¥ | (16,446 | ) | ¥ | (25,134 | ) | ¥ | (17,048 | ) | $ | (159,327 | ) | ||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year |
(8,688 | ) | 8,086 | 7,799 | 72,888 | |||||||||||
Ending balance |
¥ | (25,134 | ) | ¥ | (17,048 | ) | ¥ | (9,249 | ) | $ | (86,439 | ) | ||||
TREASURY STOCK: |
||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
¥ | (2,229 | ) | ¥ | (5,110 | ) | ¥ | (3,316 | ) | $ | (30,990 | ) | ||||
Purchases |
(2,881 | ) | (2,227 | ) | (208 | ) | (1,944 | ) | ||||||||
Retirement and sales |
| 4,021 | 7 | 65 | ||||||||||||
Ending balance |
¥ | (5,110 | ) | ¥ | (3,316 | ) | ¥ | (3,517 | ) | $ | (32,869 | ) | ||||
DISCLOSURE OF COMPREHENSIVE
INCOME (LOSS): |
||||||||||||||||
Net income for the year |
¥ | 6,723 | ¥ | 7,691 | ¥ | 22,136 | $ | 206,879 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year |
(8,688 | ) | 8,086 | 7,799 | 72,888 | |||||||||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year |
¥ | (1,965 | ) | ¥ | 15,777 | ¥ | 29,935 | $ | 279,767 | |||||||
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are
an integral part of these statements.
F-6
MAKITA CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||||||
Net income |
¥ | 6,723 | ¥ | 7,691 | ¥ | 22,136 | $ | 206,879 | ||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities- |
||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
9,740 | 7,963 | 5,381 | 50,290 | ||||||||||||
Deferred income taxes |
275 | (266 | ) | 411 | 3,841 | |||||||||||
Realized losses (gains) on securities, net |
2,590 | (555 | ) | (453 | ) | (4,234 | ) | |||||||||
Losses (Gains) on disposals or sales of
property, plant and equipment |
1,330 | (2,379 | ) | 1,234 | 11,533 | |||||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets |
| 7,780 | 577 | 5,393 | ||||||||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities-
|
||||||||||||||||
Trade receivables |
647 | (1,610 | ) | (1,995 | ) | (18,645 | ) | |||||||||
Inventories |
5,446 | 6,193 | (9,203 | ) | (86,009 | ) | ||||||||||
Payables and accrued expenses |
343 | 3,175 | 3,069 | 28,682 | ||||||||||||
Income taxes payable |
33 | 2,368 | (770 | ) | (7,196 | ) | ||||||||||
Accrued retirement and termination benefits |
290 | (562 | ) | (4,900 | ) | (45,794 | ) | |||||||||
Other, net |
(276 | ) | (857 | ) | 1,355 | 12,662 | ||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
27,141 | 28,941 | 16,842 | 157,402 | ||||||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures |
(5,691 | ) | (4,494 | ) | (6,655 | ) | (62,196 | ) | ||||||||
Purchases of available for sale securities |
(22,559 | ) | (26,691 | ) | (20,091 | ) | (187,766 | ) | ||||||||
Purchases of held to maturity securities |
(5,497 | ) | (8,261 | ) | (1,753 | ) | (16,383 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from sales and maturities of available for
sale securities |
24,061 | 18,190 | 14,672 | 137,121 | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from maturities of held to maturity
securities |
| | 13,510 | 126,262 | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment |
488 | 5,154 | 320 | 2,991 | ||||||||||||
Increase in time deposits |
(541 | ) | (1,162 | ) | (38 | ) | (355 | ) | ||||||||
Decrease in other assets, net |
80 | 2 | 189 | 1,765 | ||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing
activities |
(9,659 | ) | (17,262 | ) | 154 | 1,439 | ||||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||||||
Decrease in short-term borrowings |
(4,254 | ) | (882 | ) | 693 | 6,477 | ||||||||||
Redemption of bonds |
(1,610 | ) | | (12,990 | ) | (121,402 | ) | |||||||||
Repayment of long-term indebtedness |
(25 | ) | | | | |||||||||||
Repayment of club members deposits |
(1,897 | ) | (860 | ) | (209 | ) | (1,953 | ) | ||||||||
Purchases of treasury stock, net |
(2,881 | ) | (2,220 | ) | (194 | ) | (1,813 | ) | ||||||||
Cash dividends paid |
(2,693 | ) | (2,610 | ) | (3,453 | ) | (32,271 | ) | ||||||||
Other, net |
(21 | ) | (24 | ) | (24 | ) | (225 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash used in financing activities |
(13,381 | ) | (6,596 | ) | (16,177 | ) | 151,187 | |||||||||
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are
an integral part of these statements.
F-7
MAKITA CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2003, 2004 AND 2005
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES
ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |
¥ | 539 | ¥ | (877 | ) | ¥ | (11 | ) | $ | (103 | ) | |||||
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS |
4,640 | 4,206 | 808 | 7,551 | ||||||||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS,
BEGINNING OF YEAR |
15,730 | 20,370 | 24,576 | 229,683 | ||||||||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS,
END OF YEAR |
¥ | 20,370 | ¥ | 24,576 | ¥ | 25,384 | $ | 237,234 | ||||||||
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH
FLOW INFORMATION: |
||||||||||||||||
Cash paid during the year for- |
||||||||||||||||
Interest |
¥ | 672 | ¥ | 605 | ¥ | 593 | $ | 5,542 | ||||||||
Income taxes |
2,262 | 6,377 | 10,841 | 101,318 |
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are
an integral part of these statements.
F-8
MAKITA CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. | DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS | |||
Makita Corporation (the Company) is a recognized leader in manufacture and sale of portable electric power tools. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries main products include circular saws, jig saws, planers, drills, rotary hammers, grinders and slide compound saws. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively Makita) also manufacture and sell stationary woodworking machines and pneumatic tools as well as garden tools and products for indoor household use. | ||||
Domestic sales in Japan are made by the Company, while overseas sales are made under the Makita or Maktec brand name, almost entirely through sales subsidiaries and distributors. Approximately 79.8% of consolidated net sales for the year ended March 31, 2005 were generated from customers outside Japan, with 19.8% from North America, 38.6% from Europe and 21.4% from Asia and other area. | ||||
Makitas manufacturing and assembly operations are conducted primarily at two plants in Japan and seven plants overseas, located in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Brazil, China (two plants) and Canada. | ||||
2. | BASIS OF PRESENTING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | |||
Foreign subsidiaries translate their financial statements into Japanese yen from each of their functional currencies. The accounts and the financial statements of the Company and domestic subsidiaries are maintained and reported in their functional currency, the Japanese yen. | ||||
The books of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries are maintained in conformity with Japanese accounting principles, while foreign subsidiaries maintain their books in conformity with the standards of their country of domicile. | ||||
The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all necessary adjustments, not recorded in the Companys and its consolidated subsidiaries books, to present them in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). | ||||
3. | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING POLICIES |
(a) | Principles of Consolidation | |||
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its majority owned subsidiaries and those variable interest entities where the Company is the primary beneficiary under FASB Interpretation No,46 (revised December 2003) (FIN 46R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Makita currently does not have any consolidated Variable Interest Entities as set out in FIN 46R. | ||||
(b) | Foreign Currency Translation | |||
Under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No.52 Foreign Currency Translation, overseas subsidiaries assets and liabilities denominated in their local foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate in effect at each fiscal year-end and income and expenses are |
F-9
translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during each fiscal year. The local currencies of the overseas subsidiaries are regarded as their functional currencies. The resulting currency translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders equity. | ||||
Gains and losses resulting from all foreign currency transactions, including foreign exchange contracts, and translation of receivables and payables denominated in foreign currencies are included in other income (expenses). | ||||
(c) | Cash equivalents | |||
For purposes of the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of cash flows, Makita considers highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. | ||||
(d) | Marketable and Investment Securities | |||
Makita accounts for marketable and investment securities in accordance with SFAS No.115 Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities which requires all investments in debt and equity securities to be classified as either trading, available-for-sale securities or held-to maturity securities. Makita classifies investments in debt and equity securities as available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity securities. Makita does not hold any marketable and investment securities which are bought and held primarily for the purpose of sale in the near term. | ||||
Except for non-marketable equity securities, available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value, and unrealized gains or losses are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. Non-marketable equity securities are carried at cost and reviewed periodically for impairment. Held-to-maturity securities are reported at amortized cost, adjusted for the amortization or accumulation of premiums or discounts. | ||||
A decline in fair value of any available-for-sale or held-to-maturity security below the amortized cost basis that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a write-down of the amortized cost basis to fair value as a new cost basis and the amount of the write-down is included in earnings. | ||||
Available-for-sale securities are periodically reviewed for other-than-temporary declines on criteria that include the length and magnitude of decline, the financial condition and prospects of the issuer, Makitas intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time to allow for recovery in market value and other relevant factors. | ||||
Held-to-maturity securities are periodically evaluated for possible impairment by taking into consideration of the financial condition, business prospects and credit worthiness of the issuer. Impairment to be recognized is measured based on the amount by which the carrying amount of the investment exceeds the fair value of the investment. Fair value is determined based on quoted market prices or other valuation techniques as appropriate. | ||||
Makita classifies marketable securities in current assets which are available for current operations. Other investments are classified as investment securities as a part of non-current investments and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. | ||||
The cost of a security sold or the amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings was determined by the average cost method. |
F-10
(e) | Allowance for Doubtful Receivables | |||
Allowance for doubtful receivables represent the Makitas best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in its existing receivables. The allowance is determined based on, but is not limited to, historical collection experience adjusted for the effects of current economic environment, assessment of inherent risks, aging and financial performance. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. | ||||
(f) | Inventories | |||
Inventory costs include raw materials, labor and manufacturing overheads. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market price, with cost determined based on the average cost method. Makita estimates the obsolescence of inventory based on the difference between the cost of inventory and its estimated market value reflecting certain assumptions about anticipated future demand. The carrying value of inventory is then reduced to account for such obsolescence. Once inventory items are written-down or written-off, such items are not written-up subsequently. All existing and anticipated modifications to product models are evaluated against on-hand inventories, and are adjusted for potential obsolescence. | ||||
(g) | Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation | |||
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is computed by using the declining-balance method over the estimated useful lives. The depreciation period generally ranges from 10 years to 50 years for buildings and from 3 years to 10 years for machinery and equipment. The cost and accumulated depreciation and amortization applicable to assets retired are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized. Betterments, renewals extraordinary repairs that extend the life of the assets are capitalized. Other maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. | ||||
Depreciation expense for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 mounted to ¥9,426 million, ¥7,692 million and ¥5,175 million, respectively, which included amortization of capitalized lease equipment. | ||||
Certain leased buildings, improvements, machinery and equipment are accounted for as capital leases in conformity with SFAS No.13, Accounting for Leases. The aggregate cost included in property, plant and equipment and related accumulated amortization as of March 31, 2004 and 2005 was as follows: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Aggregate cost |
¥ | 701 | ¥ | 677 | $ | 6,327 | ||||||
Accumulated amortization |
470 | 533 | 4,981 |
F-11
(h) | Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets | |||
Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but instead tested for impairment annually in accordance with the provisions of FASB Statement No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.. Intangible assets with finite useful lives, consisting primarily of software are amortized using straight-line method over the estimated useful lives and reviewed for impairment in accordance with FASB Statement No. 144, Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets". | ||||
(i) | Research and Development Costs and Advertising Costs | |||
Research and development costs, included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income, are expensed as incurred and totaled ¥3,856 million, ¥ 4,086 million and ¥4,085 million ($38,178 thousand) for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. | ||||
Advertising costs are also expensed as incurred and totaled ¥3,616 million, ¥3,797 million and ¥4,381 million ($40,944 thousand) for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. | ||||
(j) | Shipping and Handling Costs | |||
Shipping and handling costs, which mainly include transportation to customers, are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. Shipping and handling costs were ¥4,003 million, ¥4,418 million and ¥5,305 million ($49,579 thousand) for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. | ||||
(k) | Income Taxes | |||
Makita accounts for income taxes in accordance with the provision of SFAS No.109, Accounting for Income Taxes, which requires an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years the temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. | ||||
(l) | Product Warranties | |||
A liability for the estimated product warranty related cost is established at the time revenue is recognized and is included in accrued expenses and cost of sales. Estimates for accrued product warranty costs are primarily based on historical experience, and are affected by ongoing product failure rates, specific product class failures outside of the baseline experience, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. | ||||
(m) | Pension Plans | |||
Makita accounts for pension plans in accordance with the provision of SFAS No.87, Employers Accounting for Pensions, in accounting for retirement and termination benefit plans. Under SFAS 87, changes in the amount of either the projected benefit obligation or plan assets resulting from actual results different from that assumed and from changes in assumptions can result in gains and losses to be recognized in the consolidated financial statements in future periods. Amortization of an unrecognized net gain or loss is included as a component of the net periodic benefit plan cost for a year if, as of the |
F-12
beginning of the year, that unrecognized net gain or loss exceeds 10 percent of the greater of (1) the projected benefit obligation or (2) the fair value of that plans assets. In such case, the amount of amortization recognized is the resulting excess divided by the average remaining service period of active employees expected to receive benefits under the plan. | ||||
(n) | Earnings Per Share | |||
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution computed on the basis that all convertible bonds were converted at the beginning of the year or at the time of issuance unless they were antidilutive. | ||||
(o) | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | |||
Makita accounts for impairment of long lived assets with finite useful lives in accordance with the provision of SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets, Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, and certain intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or charges in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to its estimated undiscounted future cash flow. An impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Fair value is determined by independent third party appraisal, projected discounted cash flow or other valuation techniques as appropriate. Assets to be disposed of are separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. | ||||
(p) | Derivative Financial Instruments | |||
Makita conforms to SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities and SFAS No. 138, Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities, an amendment of SFAS No. 133. Both statements require Makita to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and measure those instruments at fair values. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship, and on the type of hedging relationship. | ||||
Makita uses various derivative instruments to manage interest rate and currency exchange rate risk on specific underlying exposures on recorded items . To qualify for fair value hedge accounting in accordance with SFAS No. 133, the derivative instruments must be effective in reducing the risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. Makita formally designates and documents the derivative instruments as an effective hedge of specific underlying exposures, as well as the risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transactions at the time of entering into the hedge. Derivative instruments that meet established accounting criteria are formally designated as hedges at the inception of the contract. These criteria demonstrate that the derivative instruments are expected to be highly effective at offsetting changes in fair value of the underlying exposure both at the inception of the hedging relationship and on an ongoing basis. | ||||
Changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument that is designated as a fair value hedge and highly effective, along with offsetting changes in fair value of the underlying hedged exposure, are recorded in earnings. | ||||
When the underlying hedged item ceases to exist, all changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument are recognized in earnings until the derivative instrument matures. |
F-13
Any changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges, as well as changes in the value of derivatives that do not offset the underlying hedged item throughout the designated hedge period (collectively ineffectiveness), are immediately recognized in earnings. | ||||
(q) | Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements | |||
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. | ||||
Makita has identified the following areas where it believes assumptions and estimates are particularly critical to the consolidated financial statements. These are revenue recognition, determination of the allowance for doubtful receivables, impairment of long-lived assets, realizability of deferred income tax assets, the determination of unrealized losses on securities of which the decline in market value is considered to be other than temporary, the actuarial assumptions on retirement and termination benefit plans and valuation of inventories. | ||||
(r) | Revenue Recognition | |||
Makita recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services are rendered, the sales price is fixed and determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured. Makita believes the foregoing conditions are satisfied upon the shipment or delivery of the product depending on the terms of the sales arrangement. | ||||
Makita sells it products outside of Japan directly to retail customers pursuant to sales contracts and purchase orders. Within Japan, the Company mainly utilizes wholesalers, which in turn, provide product to their associated retail customers. Arrangements with wholesalers are subject to customary terms and conditions evidenced by signed contractual arrangements. The use of wholesalers is a customary point of sale business practice in Japan for which many companies across multiple industries participate. | ||||
Makita recognizes revenue to its wholesale customers upon shipment. Makita believes recognition of revenue at this point is appropriate because (i) title and risk of loss passes to the wholesaler upon shipment of product to the wholesaler; (ii) Makita is not contractually obligated nor has Makita accepted returns of product historically from the wholesaler other than in the event of product defect; (iii) payment terms are established consistent with Makitas normal payment terms for all other customers; (iv) payment terms are not linked contractually nor practically to the payment of the wholesalers invoices by its retail customers and; (v) sales incentives are offered directly to wholesalers under terms and conditions similar to arrangements offered to other customers and are in no way established to provide relief in lieu of returned product. | ||||
Furthermore, Makita periodically reviews readily available financial statements and other market data on certain of its wholesale customers in order to assess their overall financial viability and for the purposes of establishing credit limits. The Company also requires on average, two months worth of estimated be held in the form of cash collateral with an independent third party or that the Company be granted a security interest in the wholesalers assets of equivalent value. | ||||
Makita offers sales incentives to qualifying customers through various incentive programs. Sales incentives primarily involve volume-based rebates, cooperative advertising and cash discounts, and are |
F-14
accounted for in accordance with the Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 01-9, (EITF 01-9), Accounting for Consideration by a Vendor to a Customer (including a Reseller of vendors product). | ||||
Volume-based rebates are provided to customers only if customers attain a pre-determined cumulative level of revenue transactions within a specified period of a year or less. Liabilities for volume-based rebates are recognized within a corresponding reduction to revenue for the expected sales incentive at the time the related revenue is recognized, and is based on the estimation of sales volume reflecting the historical performance of individual customers. | ||||
Cooperative advertisings are provided to certain customers as contribution or sponsored fund for advertisements. Under cooperative advertising programs, Makita does not receive an identifiable benefit sufficiently separable from its customers. Accordingly, cooperative advertisings are also accounted as a reduction of revenue. | ||||
Cash discounts are provided as a certain percentage of the invoice price as predetermined by spot contracts or based on contractually agreed upon amounts with customers. Cash discounts are recognized as a reduction of revenue at the time the related revenue is recognized based on Makitas ability to reliably estimate such future discounts to be taken. Cash discounts are substantially all taken within 30 days following the date of sale. Estimates of expected cash discounts are evaluated and adjusted periodically based on actual sales transactions and historical trend. | ||||
When repairs are made and charged to customers, revenue from this source is recognized when the repairs have been completed and the item is shipped to the customer. | ||||
(s) | New Accounting Standards | |||
In March 2004, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue No. 03-1 (EITF 03-1), The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments. EITF 03-1 provides guidance on other-than-temporary impairment models for marketable debt and equity securities accounted for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (SFAS 115), and non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the cost method. The EITF developed a basic three-step model to evaluate whether an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Staff Position EITF 03-1-1 in September 2004, which delayed the effective date of the recognition and measurement provisions of EITF 03-1. The adoption of EITF 03-1 is not expected to have a material effect on Makitas consolidated results of operations and financial position. | ||||
In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, Inventory Costs an amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4 (SFAS 151). SFAS 151 amends the guidance in ARB No. 43, Chapter 4, Inventory Pricing, to clarify the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted material (spoilage). Among other provisions, the new statement requires that items such as idle facility expense, excessive spoilage, double freight, and rehandling costs be recognized as current period charges regardless of whether they meet the criterion of so abnormal as stated in ARB No. 43. Additionally, SFAS 151 requires that the allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. SFAS 151 is effective for the year ended March 31, 2006. Makita is currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of SFAS 151 will have on its consolidated results of operations and financial condition but does not expect SFAS 151 to have a material impact. | ||||
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, Exchanges of Non-monetary Assets an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29 (SFAS 153). SFAS 153 eliminates the exception from fair value measurement for non-monetary exchanges of similar productive assets in paragraph 21(b) of APB Opinion No.29, Accounting for Non-monetary Transactions, and replaces it with an exception for exchanges that do not have commercial substance. SFAS 153 specifies that a non-monetary exchange has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity are expected to change significantly as a |
F-15
result of the exchange. SFAS 153 is effective for the fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005 and is required to be adopted by Makita, in the first year beginning April 1, 2006. Makita is currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of SFAS 153 will have on its consolidated results of operations and financial condition but does not expect it to have a material impact. | ||||
(t) | Reclassifications | |||
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior years consolidated financial statements to conform with the presentation used for the year ended March 31, 2005. |
4. | TRANSLATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | |||
Solely for the convenience of the reader, the accompanying consolidated financial statement amounts for the year ended March 31, 2005, are also presented in U.S. Dollars by arithmetically translating all yen amounts using the approximate prevailing exchange rate at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York of ¥107 to US$1 at March 31, 2005. This translation should not be construed as a representation that the amounts shown could be or could have been converted into United States dollars at such rate. |
5. | INVENTORIES | |||
Inventories as of March 31, 2004 and 2005 comprised the following: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Finished goods |
¥ | 44,159 | ¥ | 53,425 | $ | 499,299 | ||||||
Work in process |
1,858 | 1,844 | 17,233 | |||||||||
Raw materials |
8,309 | 10,734 | 100,318 | |||||||||
¥ | 54,326 | ¥ | 66,003 | $ | 616,850 | |||||||
6. | IMPAIRMENT OF LONG LIVED ASSETS | |||
In December 2003, in connection with ongoing strategic revenue growth and cost cutting initiatives, specifically including an evaluation of its corporate wide marketing and promotional activities and the cost benefit relationship therefrom, and the continued rationalization of certain personnel related costs, Makita made a decision to no longer consider a golf course owned by a consolidated subsidiary as a corporate asset and curtailed utilizing such for promotional, entertainment and employee welfare purposes. As a result of this decision, Makita performed impairment analysis by considering cash flows expected to be generated from the golf course on a stand alone basis and recorded an impairment charge of ¥ 5,996 million to reduce the carrying value to its estimated fair value, as determined on a discounted cash flow basis. | ||||
During the year ended March 31, 2004, Makita made a decision to sell part of its production facility in the United Kingdom rather than holding it for future use. As a result of this decision, Makita recorded an impairment charge of ¥243 million, based on the expected sales value less cost to sell the facility. | ||||
The Company, as a part of its facilities integration and cost cutting plans, decided to vacate a certain research and development facility in Japan and a related administrative facility during the year ended March 31, 2004, and a certain information technology facility (collectively the Facility) during the year ended March 31, 2005. The Company intends to continue to hold the Facility as is for the |
F-16
foreseeable future considering the expected difficulty in identifying a buyer with operating plans commensurate with the present zoning requirements. As discussed above, the Facility was principally used as a research and development facility and provides training and information technology services. Current zoning regulations require that a buyer utilize the Facility on substantially the same basis. Therefore, the combination of the limitations imposed by the zoning rules and the fact that the Facility is located in a rural, non industrial section of Japan has caused management to determine that the recoverable value on an as is basis will be most likely limited to the estimated fair value of the land. | ||||
As a result of the decision to vacate the Facility, the Company performed an impairment assessment pursuant to the provisions of SFAS 144 and recorded an impairment charge of ¥1,541 million and ¥577 million for the year ended March 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively. This impairment charge reduced the carrying value of the administrative facility to its current estimated fair value of ¥316 million in the year ended March 31, 2004 and the technology facility to ¥196 million in the year ended March 31, 2005, respectively. The estimated fair value of ¥316 million and ¥196 million represents the fair value of the land as determined by a third party appraiser considering the estimated net cash flows from effecting the sale to a third party purchaser. The carrying value of the building has been reduced to zero on the basis that the Company anticipates no future use from the facility and the expectation of realizing only the value of the land upon sale. Presently, the Company has not decided how and when to dispose of the Facility. In addition, the Company currently has no plans regarding the use of the vacated Facility and as a result, the Company does not expect any future cash flows from the Facility. |
F-17
7. | MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND INVESTMENT SECURITIES | |||
Marketable securities and investment securities consisted of available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities. | ||||
The cost, gross unrealized holding gains and losses, fair value and carrying amount for such securities by major security type as of March 31, 2004 and 2005 were as follows: |
Yen (millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||||||
Holding | ||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying | ||||||||||||||||||||
As of March 31, 2004 | Cost | Gains | Losses | Fair value | Amount | |||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Marketable
securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese and foreign
government debt securities |
¥ | 100 | ¥ | 5 | ¥ | | ¥ | 105 | ¥ | 105 | ||||||||||
Corporate and bank debt
securities |
5,377 | 78 | 32 | 5,423 | 5,423 | |||||||||||||||
Investments in trusts |
41,141 | 1,093 | 6 | 42,228 | 42,228 | |||||||||||||||
Marketable equity securities |
1,494 | 1,412 | | 2,906 | 2,906 | |||||||||||||||
¥ | 48,112 | ¥ | 2,588 | ¥ | 38 | ¥ | 50,662 | ¥ | 50,662 | |||||||||||
Investment securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate and bank debt
securities |
¥ | 2,954 | ¥ | 75 | ¥ | | ¥ | 3,029 | ¥ | 3,029 | ||||||||||
Investments in trusts |
1,012 | 47 | | 1,059 | 1,059 | |||||||||||||||
Marketable equity securities |
7,919 | 9,137 | 8 | 17,048 | 17,048 | |||||||||||||||
Non-marketable equity
securities (carried at
cost) |
602 | | | 602 | 602 | |||||||||||||||
¥ | 12,487 | ¥ | 9,259 | ¥ | 8 | ¥ | 21,738 | ¥ | 21,738 | |||||||||||
Held-to-maturity: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Marketable securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese government
debt securities |
¥ | 10,367 | ¥ | 7 | ¥ | | ¥ | 10,374 | ¥ | 10,367 | ||||||||||
Japanese corporate debt
securities |
2,961 | | | 2,961 | 2,961 | |||||||||||||||
¥ | 13,328 | ¥ | 7 | ¥ | | ¥ | 13,335 | ¥ | 13,328 | |||||||||||
Investment securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese corporate
debt securities |
¥ | 401 | ¥ | | ¥ | 2 | ¥ | 399 | ¥ | 401 | ||||||||||
¥ | 401 | ¥ | | ¥ | 2 | ¥ | 399 | ¥ | 401 | |||||||||||
Total marketable securities |
¥ | 61,440 | ¥ | 2,595 | ¥ | 38 | ¥ | 63,997 | ¥ | 63,990 | ||||||||||
Total investment securities |
¥ | 12,888 | ¥ | 9,259 | ¥ | 10 | ¥ | 22,137 | ¥ | 22,139 | ||||||||||
F-18
Yen (millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||||||
Holding | ||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying | ||||||||||||||||||||
As of March 31, 2005 | Cost | Gains | Losses | Fair value | Amount | |||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Marketable securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese and foreign
government debt securities |
¥ | 100 | ¥ | 1 | ¥ | | ¥ | 101 | ¥ | 101 | ||||||||||
Corporate and bank debt
securities |
5,580 | 151 | 1 | 5,730 | 5,730 | |||||||||||||||
Investments in trusts |
48,468 | 1,098 | 14 | 49,552 | 49,552 | |||||||||||||||
Marketable equity securities |
1,403 | 1,129 | | 2,532 | 2,532 | |||||||||||||||
¥ | 55,551 | ¥ | 2,379 | ¥ | 15 | ¥ | 57,915 | ¥ | 57,915 | |||||||||||
Investment securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate and bank debt
securities |
¥ | 1,594 | ¥ | 20 | ¥ | | ¥ | 1,614 | ¥ | 1,614 | ||||||||||
Investments in trusts |
912 | 94 | | 1,006 | 1,006 | |||||||||||||||
Marketable equity securities |
7,837 | 9,481 | 7 | 17,311 | 17,311 | |||||||||||||||
Non-marketable equity
securities (carried at
cost) |
590 | | | 590 | 590 | |||||||||||||||
¥ | 10,933 | ¥ | 9,595 | ¥ | 7 | ¥ | 20,521 | ¥ | 20,521 | |||||||||||
Held-to-maturity: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Marketable securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese corporate
debt securities |
¥ | 100 | ¥ | | ¥ | | ¥ | 100 | ¥ | 100 | ||||||||||
¥ | 100 | ¥ | | ¥ | | ¥ | 100 | ¥ | 100 | |||||||||||
Investment securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese government
debt securities |
¥ | 300 | ¥ | 2 | ¥ | | ¥ | 302 | ¥ | 300 | ||||||||||
Japanese corporate debt
securities |
1,552 | 2 | 5 | 1,549 | 1,552 | |||||||||||||||
¥ | 1,852 | ¥ | 4 | ¥ | 5 | ¥ | 1,851 | ¥ | 1,852 | |||||||||||
Total marketable securities |
¥ | 55,651 | ¥ | 2,379 | ¥ | 15 | ¥ | 58,015 | ¥ | 58,015 | ||||||||||
Total investment securities |
¥ | 12,785 | ¥ | 9,599 | ¥ | 12 | ¥ | 22,372 | ¥ | 22,373 | ||||||||||
F-19
U.S. Dollars (thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||||||
Holding | ||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying | ||||||||||||||||||||
As of March 31, 2005 | Cost | Gains | Losses | Fair value | Amount | |||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Marketable securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese and foreign
government debt securities |
$ | 935 | $ | 9 | $ | | $ | 944 | $ | 944 | ||||||||||
Corporate and bank debt
securities |
52,150 | 1,411 | 9 | 53,552 | 53,551 | |||||||||||||||
Investments in trusts |
452,972 | 10,262 | 131 | 463,103 | 463,103 | |||||||||||||||
Marketable equity securities |
13,112 | 10,551 | | 23,663 | 23,664 | |||||||||||||||
$ | 519,169 | $ | 22,233 | $ | 140 | $ | 541,262 | $ | 541,262 | |||||||||||
Investment securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate and bank debt
securities |
$ | 14,897 | $ | 187 | $ | | $ | 15,084 | $ | 15,084 | ||||||||||
Investments in trusts |
8,523 | 879 | | 9,402 | 9,402 | |||||||||||||||
Marketable equity securities |
73,243 | 88,607 | 65 | 161,785 | 161,785 | |||||||||||||||
Non-marketable equity
securities (carried at
cost) |
5,514 | | | 5,514 | 5,514 | |||||||||||||||
$ | 102,177 | $ | 89,673 | $ | 65 | $ | 191,785 | $ | 191,785 | |||||||||||
Held-to-maturity: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Marketable securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese corporate
debt securities |
$ | 934 | $ | | $ | | $ | 934 | $ | 934 | ||||||||||
$ | 934 | $ | | $ | | $ | 934 | $ | 934 | |||||||||||
Investment securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese government
debt securities |
$ | 2,804 | $ | 19 | $ | | $ | 2,823 | $ | 2,804 | ||||||||||
Japanese corporate debt
securities |
14,504 | 19 | 47 | 14,477 | 14,504 | |||||||||||||||
$ | 17,308 | $ | 38 | $ | 47 | $ | 17,300 | $ | 17,308 | |||||||||||
Total marketable securities |
$ | 520,103 | $ | 22,233 | $ | 140 | $ | 542,196 | $ | 542,196 | ||||||||||
Total investment securities |
$ | 119,486 | $ | 89,711 | $ | 112 | $ | 209,085 | $ | 209,093 | ||||||||||
Investments in trusts represent funds deposited with trust banks in multiple investor accounts and managed by fund managers in the trust banks. As of March 31, 2004 and 2005, each fund consisted of marketable equity securities and interest-bearing bonds. |
F-20
The following table shows our investments gross unrealized holding losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2005. |
Yen (millions) | ||||||||||||||||
Less than 12 months | 12 months or more | |||||||||||||||
Gross | Gross | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized | Unrealized | |||||||||||||||
Holding | Holding | |||||||||||||||
As of March 31, 2005 | Fair value | Losses | Fair value | Losses | ||||||||||||
Available-for-sale: |
||||||||||||||||
Marketable securities: |
||||||||||||||||
Corporate and bank debt securities |
¥ | 101 | ¥ | 1 | ¥ | | ¥ | | ||||||||
Investments in trusts |
817 | 14 | | | ||||||||||||
¥ | 918 | ¥ | 15 | ¥ | | ¥ | | |||||||||
Available-for-sale: |
||||||||||||||||
Investment securities: |
||||||||||||||||
Marketable equity securities |
¥ | 122 | ¥ | 7 | ¥ | | ¥ | | ||||||||
¥ | 122 | ¥ | 7 | ¥ | | ¥ | | |||||||||
U.S. Dollars (thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Less than 12 months | 12 months or more | |||||||||||||||
Gross | Gross | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized | Unrealized | |||||||||||||||
Holding | Holding | |||||||||||||||
As of March 31, 2005 | Fair value | Losses | Fair value | Losses | ||||||||||||
Available-for-sale: |
||||||||||||||||
Marketable securities: |
||||||||||||||||
Corporate and bank debt securities |
$ | 944 | $ | 9 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Investments in trusts |
7,635 | 131 | | | ||||||||||||
$ | 8,579 | $ | 140 | $ | | $ | | |||||||||
Available-for-sale: |
||||||||||||||||
Investment securities: |
||||||||||||||||
Marketable equity securities |
$ | 1,140 | $ | 65 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
$ | 1,140 | $ | 65 | $ | | $ | | |||||||||
F-21
Maturities of debt securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity as of March 31, 2005, regardless of their balance sheet classification, were as follows: | ||||
Maturities of debt securities based on Cost as of March 31, 2005 |
Yen (millions) | U.S.Dollars (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Available- | Held-to- | Available- | Held-to- | |||||||||||||||||||||
for-sale | maturity | Total | for-sale | maturity | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Due within one year |
3,859 | 100 | 3,959 | 36,065 | 934 | 36,999 | ||||||||||||||||||
Due after one to
five years |
369 | 1,202 | 1,571 | 3,449 | 11,233 | 14,682 | ||||||||||||||||||
Due after five to
ten years |
100 | 650 | 750 | 935 | 6,075 | 7,010 | ||||||||||||||||||
Due after ten years |
1,352 | | 1,352 | 12,636 | | 12,636 | ||||||||||||||||||
Indefinite periods |
1,594 | | 1,594 | 14,897 | | 14,897 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total |
7,274 | 1,952 | 9,226 | 67,982 | 18,242 | 86,224 | ||||||||||||||||||
Maturities of debt securities based on Fair Value as of March 31, 2005 |
Yen (millions) | U.S.Dollars (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Available- | Held-to- | Available- | Held-to- | |||||||||||||||||||||
for-sale | maturity | Total | for-sale | maturity | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Due within one year |
3,929 | 100 | 4,029 | 36,720 | 935 | 37,655 | ||||||||||||||||||
Due after one to
five years |
402 | 1,207 | 1,609 | 3,757 | 11,280 | 15,037 | ||||||||||||||||||
Due after five to
ten years |
101 | 644 | 745 | 944 | 6,019 | 6,963 | ||||||||||||||||||
Due after ten years |
1,399 | | 1,399 | 13,075 | | 13,075 | ||||||||||||||||||
Indefinite periods |
1,614 | | 1,614 | 15,084 | | 15,084 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total |
7,445 | 1,951 | 9,396 | 69,580 | 18,234 | 87,814 | ||||||||||||||||||
Debt securities which have indefinite periods shown above represent investments in perpetual subordinated bonds with issuers optional redemption rights. Fixed interest rates on such bonds are 2.00 or 2.01 per cent per annum for the interest period to July 12 or 27, 2005, respectively, and 6 month LIBOR plus 2.25 per cent per annum for the interest period commencing on July 13 or 28, 2005, respectively, and thereafter pursuant to the terms of the contract. | ||||
Gross realized gains on sales of marketable securities and investment securities for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 amounted to ¥337 million, ¥862 million and ¥543 million ($5,075 thousand), respectively, and gross realized losses, which include the gross realized losses considered as other than temporary, during the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 amounted to ¥2,927 million, ¥307 million and ¥90 million ($841 thousand), respectively. The cost of the securities sold was computed based on the average cost of all the shares of each such security held at the time of sale. Gross unrealized losses on marketable securities and investment securities of which declines in market value are considered to be other than temporary were charged to earnings as realized losses on securities, amounting to ¥2,630 million, ¥279 million and ¥82 million ($766 thousand) for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Proceeds from the sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities were ¥24,061 million, ¥18,190 million and ¥14,672 million ($137,121 thousand) for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Proceeds from the held-to-maturity securities were ¥13,510 million ($126,262 thousand) for the year ended March 31, 2005. |
F-22
8. | INCOME TAXES | |||
Income before income taxes and the provision for income taxes for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 were as follows: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
Income before income taxes: |
||||||||||||||||
Domestic |
¥ | 2,355 | ¥ | 3,237 | ¥ | 15,837 | $ | 145,860 | ||||||||
Foreign |
6,937 | 12,933 | 16,781 | 158,981 | ||||||||||||
¥ | 9,292 | ¥ | 16,170 | ¥ | 32,618 | $ | 304,841 | |||||||||
Provision for income taxes: |
||||||||||||||||
Current- |
||||||||||||||||
Domestic |
¥ | 2,433 | ¥ | 5,264 | ¥ | 5,121 | $ | 47,860 | ||||||||
Foreign |
(139 | ) | 3,481 | 4,950 | 46,261 | |||||||||||
2,294 | 8,745 | 10,071 | 94,121 | |||||||||||||
Deferred- |
||||||||||||||||
Domestic |
687 | 26 | 589 | 5,505 | ||||||||||||
Foreign |
(412 | ) | (292 | ) | (178 | ) | (1,664 | ) | ||||||||
275 | (266 | ) | 411 | 3,841 | ||||||||||||
Consolidated provision for
income taxes |
¥ | 2,569 | ¥ | 8,479 | ¥ | 10,482 | $ | 97,962 | ||||||||
Total income taxes were allocated as follows: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
¥ | 2,569 | ¥ | 8,479 | ¥ | 10,482 | $ | 97,962 | ||||||||
Shareholders equity: |
||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation
adjustment |
(627 | ) | (458 | ) | 945 | 8,831 | ||||||||||
Net unrealized holding gains
(losses) on available-for-sale
securities |
(599 | ) | 4,168 | 60 | 561 | |||||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment |
(3,899 | ) | 4,392 | 3,403 | 31,804 | |||||||||||
¥ | (2,556 | ) | ¥ | 16,581 | ¥ | 14,890 | $ | 139,158 | ||||||||
As a result of the enactment of an amendment to the Japanese local tax law on March 31, 2003, the effective tax rate used for the calculation of deferred income tax assets and liabilities has been reduced from 41.4% to 40.2% for the year ended March 31, 2003, and risen from 40.2% to 40.3% from the year ended March 31, 2004. The effect of this tax rate change for the years ended March 31, 2003 and 2004 was ¥312 million and ¥11 million ($106 thousand), respectively. | ||||
The Company and its domestic subsidiaries are subject to a National Corporate tax of 30.0%, an Inhabitant tax of approximately 5.6% and a deductible Enterprise tax of approximately 7.9%, which in the aggregate resulted in a combined statutory income tax rate of approximately 40.3% for the years ended March 31, 2005. |
F-23
Reconciliations of the combined statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rates are as follows: |
Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Combined statutory income tax rate in Japan |
41.4 | % | 41.4 | % | 40.3 | % | ||||||
Non-deductible expenses |
1.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |||||||||
Non-taxable dividends received |
(0.3 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (0.1 | ) | ||||||
Change in valuation allowance |
4.7 | 18.5 | (1.6 | ) | ||||||||
Impact of advance pricing agreement finalization |
(18.2 | ) | (1.3 | ) | | |||||||
Effect on change in enacted tax rate |
3.4 | 0.1 | | |||||||||
Tax sparing impact |
(3.3 | ) | (1.8 | ) | (5.5 | ) | ||||||
Prior year income taxes |
(1.1 | ) | (3.6 | ) | 1.3 | |||||||
Effect of the foreign tax rate differential |
| (1.3 | ) | (2.9 | ) | |||||||
Effective income tax rate |
27.6 | % | 52.4 | % | 32.1 | % | ||||||
In 1997, Makita USA and the Company entered into a bilateral advance pricing agreement (APA) negotiation with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the National Tax Authority of Japan (NTA) to avoid double taxation resulting from transfer price adjustments. The APA covers fiscal years 1995 through 2001. In July 2002, the IRS and the NTA reached an agreement, which results in additional taxable income and reduced operating loss carryforwards in the U.S., and a reduction of taxable income and tax liability in Japan. | ||||
In 2003, as a result of the APA settlement between NTA of Japan and IRS in the United States, The Company received a tax refund from the NTA. A portion of the refund representing the gross amount less a reduction through the offset of NOLs held by Makita U.S.A. Inc. was then repaid to the IRS. Accordingly, Makita recognized the portion of the tax refund retained in the amount of approximately ¥ 1,700 million as a reduction in consolidated income tax expense for the year ended March 31, 2003. At the March 31, 2003, balance sheet date, Makita U.S.A. continued to maintain a full valuation allowance against its NOLs due to concerns over future realizability reflecting the more likely than not criteria of SFAS No. 109. Makita also recognized a valuation allowance against certain NOLs incurred for the year ended March 31, 2003 for other consolidated subsidiaries to the extent that the amounts were determined to be more likely than not, not realizable in accordance with SFAS No. 109. The effect of the increase in valuation allowance against these NOLs resulted in a ¥437 million tax increase for Makita for the year ended March 31, 2003 and an increase in its effective tax for the year ended March 31, 2003 by 4.7%. | ||||
On a net basis, the receipt of the APA tax refund combined with the recognition of additional valuation allowances by certain other consolidated subsidiaries and other miscellaneous immaterial adjustments had the affect of decreasing Makitas effective tax rate by 13.8% to the effective rate of 27.6% from the statutory tax rate of 41.4% for the year ended March 31, 2003. | ||||
The net change in the total valuation allowances for 2004 was an increase of ¥2,991 million, which was mainly caused by 100% valuation allowance against deferred income tax assets on impairment loss on long-lived assets of a subsidiary that operates a golf course in Japan. This increase in valuation and other miscellaneous adjustments had the affect of increasing Makitas effective tax rate by 11.3% to the effective rate of 52.4% from the statutory tax rate of 41.1% for the year ended March 31, 2004. |
F-24
According to the provisions of tax treaties which have been concluded between Japan and 19 countries, Japanese corporations can claim a tax credit against Japanese income taxes on income earned in one of those 19 countries, even though that income is exempted from income taxes or is reduced by special tax incentive measures in those countries, as if no special exemption or reduction was provided. The Company applied such tax sparing mainly to China with the indicated tax reduction effect. The effect of the tax sparing resulted in decrease of tax expense by ¥1,790 million or 5.5% for the year ended March 31, 2005. | ||||
Significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2004 and 2005 were as follows: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Deferred income tax assets: |
||||||||||||
Marketable securities and investment securities |
¥ | 2,462 | ¥ | 2,432 | $ | 22,729 | ||||||
Accrued retirement and termination benefits
and other accrued expenses |
2,666 | 407 | 3,804 | |||||||||
Pension liability |
4,429 | 1,193 | 11,150 | |||||||||
Inventories |
1,221 | 1,331 | 12,439 | |||||||||
Property, plant and equipment |
6,754 | 7,647 | 71,467 | |||||||||
Accrued payroll |
1,811 | 1,951 | 18,234 | |||||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards |
2,085 | 854 | 7,981 | |||||||||
Other |
764 | 949 | 8,869 | |||||||||
Total gross deferred income tax assets |
22,192 | 16,764 | 156,673 | |||||||||
Valuation allowance |
(8,828 | ) | (8,211 | ) | (76,738 | ) | ||||||
¥ | 13,364 | ¥ | 8,553 | $ | 79,935 | |||||||
Deferred income tax liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Undistributed earnings of overseas subsidiaries |
¥ | (2,849 | ) | ¥ | (3,128 | ) | $ | (29,234 | ) | |||
Unrealized gain on securities |
(4,756 | ) | (4,817 | ) | (45,019 | ) | ||||||
Inventories |
(435 | ) | | | ||||||||
Property, plant and equipment |
(964 | ) | (942 | ) | (8,804 | ) | ||||||
Other |
(77 | ) | (101 | ) | (943 | ) | ||||||
(9,081 | ) | (8,988 | ) | (84,000 | ) | |||||||
Net deferred income tax assets |
¥ | 4,283 | ¥ | (435 | ) | $ | (4,065 | ) | ||||
Net deferred income tax assets are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as follows: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||
Deferred income tax assets |
||||||||||||
Current assets |
¥ | 3,691 | ¥ | 3,831 | $ | 35,804 | ||||||
Investment and other assets |
880 | 390 | 3,645 | |||||||||
Current liabilities |
(53 | ) | (118 | ) | (1,103 | ) | ||||||
Long-term liabilities |
(235 | ) | (4,538 | ) | (42,411 | ) | ||||||
¥ | 4,283 | ¥ | (435 | ) | $ | (4,065 | ) | |||||
The valuation allowance was ¥ 9,050 million as of March 31,2002. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 was an decrease of ¥2,356 million, an |
F-25
increase of ¥2,134 million and a decrease of ¥617 million ($ 5,766 thousand), respectively. The decrease of ¥617 million ($ 5,766 thousand) for the ended March 31, 2005 was mainly due to reversal of the deferred income tax asset on the net operating loss carryforwards of Makita USA. | ||||
In assessing the realizability of deferred income tax assets, Makita considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible and net operating loss carryforwards utilized. Makita considers the scheduled reversal of deferred income tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred income tax assets are deductible, Makita believes it is more likely than not that the benefits of these deductible differences and net operating loss carryforwards, net of the existing valuation allowance, will be realized. The actual amount of the deferred income tax asset realizable, however, would be reduced if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period were not achieved . The valuation allowance principally relates to the tax effects of net operating losses and differences in book and tax depreciation related to property, plant and equipment recorded by certain subsidiaries. Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, applied for a civil rehabilitation plan during this year. Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd. has significant temporary differences for impairment losses on long-lived assets and depreciation of properties which are not deductible for tax purposes as of March 31, 2005. Upon confirmation of the civil rehabilitation plan on May 7, 2005, such temporary difference items have been changed to net operating loss carryforward and can be used to offset taxable income in future period. | ||||
As of March 31, 2005, certain subsidiaries have net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes of ¥1,862 million ($17,401 thousand) which were available to reduce future income taxes. The net operating losses will expire as follows: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||
Within 5 years |
¥ | 330 | $ | 3,084 | ||||
6 to 20 years |
383 | 3,579 | ||||||
Indefinite periods |
1,149 | 10,738 | ||||||
¥ | 1,862 | $ | 17,401 | |||||
Income taxes have not been accrued on undistributed earnings of domestic subsidiaries as the tax law provides a means by which the investment in a domestic subsidiary can be recovered tax free. | ||||
Makita has not recognized deferred tax liabilities for certain portions of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries of ¥27,085 million ($253,131 thousand) as of March 31, 2005 because Makita considers these earnings to be permanently reinvested. | ||||
9. | RETIREMENT AND TERMINATION BENEFIT PLANS | |||
The Company and certain of its consolidated subsidiaries have various contributory and noncontributory employees benefit plans covering substantially all of their employees. Under the plans, employees are entitled to lump-sum payments at the time of termination or retirement, or to pension payments. A domestic contributory plan covers substantially all of the employees of the Company. |
F-26
The amounts of lump-sum or pension payments under the plans are generally determined on the basis of length of service and remuneration at the time of termination or retirement. | ||||
Until June, 2004, the domestic contributory plan was composed of a corporate defined benefit portion established by the Company and a substitutional portion based on benefits prescribed by the Japanese government (similar to social security benefits in the United States). The Company has been exempted from contributing to the Japanese Pension Insurance program that would otherwise have been required if it had not elected to fund the government substitutional portion of the benefit through a domestic contributory plan arrangement. The plan assets of the domestic contributory plan are invested and managed as a single portfolio for the entire domestic contributory plan and are not separately attributed to the substitutional and corporate portions. In June 2001, the Japanese pension law was amended to permit an employer to elect to transfer the entire substitutional portion benefit obligation from the domestic contributory plan to the government together with a specified amount of plan assets pursuant to a government formula. After such transfer, the employer is required to make periodic contributions to the Japanese Pension Insurance program, and the Japanese government is responsible for all benefit payments. The corporate portion of the domestic contributory plan continues to exist exclusively as a corporate defined benefit pension plan. The Company accounted for the transfer in accordance with EITF 03-02 Accounting for the Transfer to the Japanese Government of the Substitutional Portion of Employee Pension Fund Liabilities. As specified in EITF 03-02, the entire separation process is accounted for at the time of completion of the transfer to the government of the benefit obligation and related plan assets as a settlement in accordance with SFAS No.88 Employers Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits. The aggregate effect of this separation was determined based on the Companys pension benefit obligation as of the date the transfer was completed based on the determination of plan assets required to be transferred. | ||||
The Company received an approval of exemption from the Minister of health, Labor and Welfare in January 2003, from the obligation for benefits related to future employee service with respect to the substitutional portion of its domestic contributory plan. The Company received government approval of exemption from the obligation for benefits related to past employee service in April 2004 with respect to the substitutional portion of its domestic contributory plan. The transfer to the government was completed on June 28, 2004. | ||||
As a result of the transfer, the Company recognized a subsidy from the Japanese government equal to the difference between the fair value of the obligation deemed settled with the Japanese government and the assets required to be transferred to the government in the amount of Yen 9,128 million ($ 85,308 thousand ) in the first fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2004. In addition, the Company recognized a settlement loss equal to the amount calculated as the ratio of the obligation settled to the total employees pension fund obligation immediately prior to settlement, both of which exclude the effect of future salary progression relating to the substitutional portion, times the net unrecognized gain/loss immediately prior to settlement, which amounted to Yen 4,687 million ($43,804 thousand). This resulting net gain of ¥4,441 million has been included in operating income for the year ended March 31, 2005. | ||||
Effective April 1, 2004, the Companys employee pension plan was amended by a new defined benefit plan that provides benefits based on length of service and other factors in a manner similar to the predecessor defined benefit plan, however, at a reduced rate. The reduction in the pension benefit obligation as of the effective date in the amount of ¥3,089 million has been accounted for as a negative plan amendment and included in prior service cost and will be amortized into net periodic pension costs over the weighted average remaining service period of the plan participants. | ||||
In December 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 132 (revised 2003), Employers Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits. The revisions to SFAS 132 prescribe employers disclosures about pension plans; they do not change the measurement or recognition of those plans. The statement retains and revises the disclosure requirements. In particular, the standard requires that companies provide more details about their plan assets, benefit obligations, cash flows, net |
F-27
periodic benefit costs and other relevant quantitative and qualitative information. SFAS 132 (revised) generally is effective for fiscal years ended after December 15, 2003. The following disclosures reflect the requirements of SFAS No.132 (revised): | ||||
The net periodic benefit costs of the defined benefit plans for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 consisted of the following components: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
Service cost-benefit earned during the year |
¥ | 2,211 | ¥ | 1,671 | ¥ | 1,332 | $ | 12,449 | ||||||||
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation |
1,302 | 1,225 | 852 | 7,963 | ||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets |
(764 | ) | (643 | ) | (590 | ) | (5,514 | ) | ||||||||
Amortization of prior service cost |
12 | 14 | (176 | ) | (1,645 | ) | ||||||||||
Recognized actuarial loss |
584 | 975 | 518 | 4,840 | ||||||||||||
Net gain resulting from transfer to
government of the substitutional portion of
pension plan |
| | (4,441 | ) | (41,505 | ) | ||||||||||
Net periodic pension costs |
¥ | 3,345 | ¥ | 3,242 | ¥ | (2,505 | ) | $ | (23,412 | ) | ||||||
F-28
Reconciliations of beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligations and the fair value of the plan assets were as follows: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Change in benefit obligation: |
||||||||||||
Benefit obligation at beginning of year |
¥ | 58,295 | ¥ | 54,899 | $ | 513,075 | ||||||
Service cost |
1,671 | 1,332 | 12,449 | |||||||||
Interest cost |
1,225 | 852 | 7,963 | |||||||||
Employees contributions |
35 | 25 | 234 | |||||||||
Amendments |
| (3,089 | ) | (28,869 | ) | |||||||
Actuarial loss |
(5,217 | ) | (120 | ) | (1,121 | ) | ||||||
Transfer to government of the substitutional
portion of pension plan |
| (17,276 | ) | (161,458 | ) | |||||||
Benefits paid |
(1,095 | ) | (938 | ) | (8,766 | ) | ||||||
Foreign exchange impact |
(15 | ) | 168 | 1,568 | ||||||||
Benefit obligation at end of year |
54,899 | 35,853 | 335,075 | |||||||||
Change in plan assets: |
||||||||||||
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year |
26,201 | 32,981 | 308,234 | |||||||||
Actual return on plan assets |
4,194 | 836 | 7,813 | |||||||||
Employer contributions |
3,521 | 2,354 | 22,000 | |||||||||
Employees contributions |
35 | 25 | 234 | |||||||||
Transfer to government of the substitutional
portion of pension plan |
| (7,082 | ) | (66,187 | ) | |||||||
Benefits paid |
(968 | ) | (843 | ) | (7,879 | ) | ||||||
Foreign exchange impact |
(2 | ) | 18 | 168 | ||||||||
Fair value of plan assets at end of year |
32,981 | 28,289 | 264,383 | |||||||||
Funded status |
(21,918 | ) | (7,564 | ) | (70,692 | ) | ||||||
Unrecognized net actuarial loss |
17,759 | 11,051 | 103,280 | |||||||||
Prior service cost not yet recognized in net
periodic benefit cost |
(482 | ) | (3,357 | ) | (31,374 | ) | ||||||
Unrecognized net transition obligation being
recognized over 19 years |
153 | 139 | 1,300 | |||||||||
Net amount recognized |
¥ | (4,488 | ) | ¥ | 269 | $ | 2,514 | |||||
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets
consist of; |
||||||||||||
Accrued benefit cost |
¥ | (15,536 | ) | ¥ | (5,126 | ) | $ | (47,907 | ) | |||
Prepaid benefit cost |
57 | 2,399 | 22,421 | |||||||||
Intangible assets |
| 23 | 215 | |||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, gross of tax |
10,991 | 2,973 | 27,785 | |||||||||
Net amount recognized |
¥ | (4,488 | ) | ¥ | 269 | $ | 2,514 | |||||
Measurement date | ||||
The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for the majority of its plans. |
F-29
Assumptions | ||
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at March 31, 2004 and 2005 were as follows: |
2004 | 2005 | |||||||
Discount rate |
2.1 | % | 2.2 | % | ||||
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels |
3.0 | % | 3.3 | % |
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for each of the years in the three years ended March 31 were as follows: |
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Discount rate |
2.6 | % | 2.1 | % | 2.2 | % | ||||||
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels |
2.3 | % | 2.3 | % | 2.3 | % | ||||||
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets |
2.5 | % | 2.0 | % | 2.1 | % |
Makita determined the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets based on the expected long-term return of the various asset categories in which the plan invest considering the current expectations for future returns and actual historical returns. The discount rate is determined based on the rates of return of high-quality fixed-income investments currently available consistent with the maturity of the pension benefits. | ||||
Plan Assets | ||||
The benefit plan weighted-average asset allocations at March 31, 2004, and 2005, by asset category are follows; |
Asset Category | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||
Equity securities |
44.5 | % | 43.9 | % | ||||
Debt securities |
21.1 | 41.1 | ||||||
Life insurance company general accounts |
10.1 | 11.8 | ||||||
Other |
24.3 | 3.2 | ||||||
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||
Makitas funding policy is to contribute monthly the amounts which would provide sufficient assets for future payments of pension benefits. The plans assets are invested primarily in interest-bearing securities and marketable equity securities. | ||||
The mix of equity securities and debt securities is determined after taking into consideration the expected long-term yield on pension assets. To decide whether changes in the basic portfolio are necessary, Makita examines the divergence between the expected long-term income and the actual income from the portfolio on an annual basis. Makita revises the portfolio when it is deemed necessary to reach the expected long-term yield. | ||||
Equity securities include common stock of Makita in an amount of ¥2 million ($19 thousand) at March 31, 2005. |
F-30
Information for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Projected benefit obligation |
¥ | 54,899 | ¥ | 35,853 | $ | 335,075 | ||||||
Accumulated benefit obligation |
48,525 | 31,016 | 289,869 | |||||||||
Fair value of plan assets |
32,981 | 28,289 | 264,383 |
Cash flows | ||||
Contributions | ||||
Makita expects to contribute ¥2,293 million ($21,430 thousand) to its domestic and foreign defined benefit plan in the year ending March 31, 2006. | ||||
Estimated future benefit payments | ||||
The following benefits payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||
Year ending March 31, | (millions) | (thousands) | ||||||
2006 |
¥ | 979 | $ | 9,150 | ||||
2007 |
1,258 | 11,757 | ||||||
2008 |
1,796 | 16,785 | ||||||
2009 |
1,757 | 16,421 | ||||||
2010 |
1,701 | 15,897 | ||||||
2011-2015 |
8,505 | 79,486 |
Certain foreign subsidiaries have defined contribution plans. The total expenses charged to income under these plans were ¥256 million, ¥249 million and ¥227 million ($2,121 thousand) for the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. | ||||
The Company has an unfunded retirement allowances program for Directors and Statutory Auditors. Under such program, the aggregate amount set aside as retirement allowances for Directors and Statutory Auditors was ¥369 million and ¥477 million as of March 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively and included in other liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets. The payment to Directors and Statutory Auditors are subject to shareholders approval. |
F-31
10. | SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS AND LONG-TERM INDEBTEDNESS | |||
As of March 31, 2004 and 2005, Short-term borrowings consisted of the following: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Bank borrowings |
¥ | 1,044 | ¥ | 1,968 | $ | 18,393 | ||||||
Current maturities of long-term indebtedness |
13,084 | 7,092 | 66,280 | |||||||||
Total |
14,128 | 9,060 | 84,673 | |||||||||
Short-term borrowings, excluding current maturities of long-term indebtedness, amounting to ¥1,044 million and ¥1,968 million ($18,393 thousand) as of March 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively consisted primarily of bank borrowings denominated in foreign currencies by overseas subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2004 and 2005, the weighted average interest rates on the borrowings were 6.3% and 6.1%, respectively. | ||||
Certain subsidiaries of the Company had unused lines of credit available for immediate short-term borrowings without restrictions amounting to ¥21,220 million and ¥21,509 million ($201,019 thousand) as of March 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively. | ||||
As of March 31, 2004 and 2005, long-term indebtedness consisted of the following: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||
1.5% unsecured convertible bonds,
payable in yen, due March 2005 |
¥ | 12,994 | ¥ | | $ | | ||||||
3.3% (weighted average rate)
unsecured loans from banks and insurance
companies in yen, due September and
November 2005 |
6,391 | 6,205 | 57,991 | |||||||||
0.6% (weighted average rate) unsecured
loans from Japanese companies, due May
2005 |
800 | 800 | 7,476 | |||||||||
Capital lease obligations (see Note 3(g)) |
263 | 175 | 1,635 | |||||||||
Total |
20,448 | 7,180 | 67,102 | |||||||||
Less- Current maturities included in
short-term borrowings |
(13,084 | ) | (7,092 | ) | (66,280 | ) | ||||||
¥ | 7,364 | ¥ | 88 | $ | 822 | |||||||
In accordance with SFAS No. 133, changes in fair values of fixed rate long-term indebtedness amounting to ¥391 million and ¥205 million ($1,916 thousand) as of March 31, 2004 and 2005 respectively, which are effectively hedged by using derivative instruments, are reflected in the carrying value of the long-term indebtedness in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. |
F-32
The 1.5% convertible bonds due March 2005 were convertible into approximately 5,749,811 shares of common stock at a fixed conversion price of ¥2,259.90. The conversion price was subject to adjustment for stock splits and for shares issued at less than market value. In February and March, 2005, 1,768 shares were converted and common stock and additional paid-in-capital increased by ¥2 million, respectively. The remaining bond balance carrying value of ¥12,990 million was redeemed for cash in March 2005. | ||||
The aggregate annual maturities of long-term indebtedness subsequent to March 31, 2005 are as summarized below: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||
Year ending March 31, | (millions) | (thousands) | ||||||
2006 |
¥ | 7,092 | $ | 66,280 | ||||
2007 |
41 | 383 | ||||||
2008 |
14 | 131 | ||||||
2009 |
8 | 75 | ||||||
2010 |
8 | 75 | ||||||
2011 and thereafter |
17 | 158 | ||||||
¥ | 7,180 | $ | 67,102 | |||||
11. | CLUB MEMBERS DEPOSITS | |||
Makitas club members deposits as of March 31, 2005 consist of deposits from individuals who became members of the Castle Hill Country Club, owned and operated by Joyama Kaihatsu Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company. On September 8, 2004, Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd., petitioned the Nagoya District Court for the commencement of civil rehabilitation proceedings for Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd. In connection with the confirmation of the civil rehabilitation plan of Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd., by its creditors and club members and the transfer of the companys ownership interest in Joyama Kaihatsu Ltd. deposits have been reclassified as current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2005 reflecting the repayment and release of such obligations. See note 20 Subsequent Events with respect to the subsequent sale of Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd., and the resulting disposition of Makitas club members deposits. | ||||
12. | SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY | |||
The Commercial Code of Japan (the Code) provides that an amount equal to at least 10% of cash dividends paid and other cash distributions from retained earnings with respect to each fiscal year be transferred to the legal reserve until the aggregate amount of additional paid-in capital and the legal reserve equals 25% of the stated common stock amount. Under the condition that the aggregate amount of additional paid-in capital and legal reserve remains at least equal to 25% of the common stock amount, the excess portion is available for distribution or release for certain other purposes by the resolution of the shareholders at the annual general shareholders meeting. | ||||
In addition, the Code provides that at least one-half of the issue price of new shares be included in common stock. In conformity therewith, the Company divided the principal amount of bonds converted into common stock equally into common stock and additional paid-in capital upon resolution of the Board of Directors. See note 10. | ||||
The Code allows the Company to purchase treasury stock for any reason at any time upon resolution of the Board of Directors up to the limitation approved by the shareholders. See note 10. |
F-33
During the year ended March 31, 2003 On June 27, 2002, the shareholders of the Company approved purchase of the outstanding shares of the Company up to a maximum of 4,000,000 shares and ¥4,000 million. In connection therewith, two share purchase resolutions were approved by the Board. On November 19, 2002, the Board of Directors passed a resolution approving the purchase of the outstanding shares of the Company up to a maximum of 1,500,000 shares and ¥1,500 million. In connection therewith, the Company had purchased such shares totaling 1,376,000 shares at a cost of ¥993 million. On December 16, 2002, the Board of Directors passed a resolution approving the purchase of the outstanding shares of the Company up to a maximum of 2,300,000 shares and ¥1,867 million. In connection therewith, the Company had purchased such shares totaling 2,009,000 shares at a cost of ¥1,631 million. In addition, the Company had purchased 320,866 odd shares at a cost of ¥257 million during the year ended March 31, 2003. As a result, the Company purchased 3,705,866 shares at a cost of ¥2,881 million during the year ended March 31, 2003. |
||||
During the year ended March 31, 2004 On June 27, 2003, the shareholders of the Company approved purchase of the outstanding shares of the Company up to a maximum of 5,000,000 shares and ¥5,000 million. On August 7, 2003 the Board of Directors passed a resolution approving the purchase of the outstanding shares of the Company up to a maximum of 2,500,000 shares. The August 7, 2003 resolution also approved the retirement of 5 million outstanding shares of the Company. In connection with the share purchase resolutions, the Company purchased 2,002,000 shares at a cost of ¥2,142 million during the year ended March 31, 2004. In addition, the Company purchased 80,540 odd shares at a cost of ¥85 million and sold 7,855 odd shares at a cost of ¥6 million during the year ended March 31, 2004. The Company retired shares totaling 5,000,000 shares at a cost of ¥4,015 million by offsetting with unappropriated retained earnings based on the resolution of Board of Directors mentioned above. As a result of the above noted actions, treasury stock and retained earnings were decreased by 2,925,315 shares at a cost of ¥1,794 million and ¥4,015 million during the year ended March 31, 2004. |
||||
During the year ended March 31, 2005 On June 29, 2004, the shareholders of the Company resolved to amend the Companys Articles of Incorporation to permit the Companys Board of Directors to authorize a repurchase of the Companys shares of common stock. In connection with this amendment, the Company purchased 125,702 odd shares at a cost of ¥208 million ($1,944 thousand) and sold 8,350 odd shares at a cost of ¥7 million ($65 thousand) during the year ended March 31, 2005. |
||||
The Code provides that cash dividends may be approved semiannually by the resolution of the annual general shareholders meeting after the end of each fiscal year or by the declaration of the Board of Directors after the end of each interim semi-annual period. Such dividends are payable to shareholders of record at the end of each fiscal year or semi-annual period. In accordance with the Code, the resolution or declaration of these dividends and the related appropriations of retained earnings have not been reflected in the consolidated financial statements at the end of such fiscal years or interim six-month periods. | ||||
The amount of retained earnings legally available under the Code for distribution is that recorded in The Companys non-consolidated financial statements and equaled ¥113,919 million ($1,064,664 thousand) as of March 31, 2005. The Board of Directors has declared a cash dividend (¥36 per share) totaling ¥5,176 million ($48,374 thousand) to be paid to the shareholders of record on March 31, 2005. As the dividend is subject to approval at the next annual general shareholders meeting to be held on June 29, 2005, it has not been reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements at March 31, 2005. |
F-34
13. | OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of March 31, 2003, 2004, 2005 was as follows: |
Yen | U.S.Dollars | |||||||||||||||
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX: | (millions) | (thousands) | ||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments: |
||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
¥ | (10,699 | ) | ¥ | (13,022 | ) | ¥ | (17,582 | ) | $ | (164,318 | ) | ||||
Adjustment for the year |
(2,323 | ) | (4,560 | ) | 3,096 | 28,935 | ||||||||||
Ending balance |
¥ | (13,022 | ) | ¥ | (17,582 | ) | ¥ | (14,486 | ) | $ | (135,383 | ) | ||||
Net unrealized holding gains on securities |
||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale: |
||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
¥ | 1,325 | ¥ | 478 | ¥ | 6,592 | $ | 61,608 | ||||||||
Adjustment for the year |
(847 | ) | 6,114 | 88 | 822 | |||||||||||
Ending balance |
¥ | 478 | ¥ | 6,592 | ¥ | 6,680 | $ | 62,430 | ||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment: |
||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
¥ | (7,072 | ) | ¥ | (12,590 | ) | ¥ | (6,058 | ) | $ | (56,617 | ) | ||||
Adjustment for the year |
(5,518 | ) | 6,532 | 4,615 | 43,131 | |||||||||||
Ending balance |
¥ | (12,590 | ) | ¥ | (6,058 | ) | ¥ | (1,443 | ) | $ | (13,486 | ) | ||||
Total accumulated comprehensive income (loss): |
||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance |
¥ | (16,446 | ) | ¥ | (25,134 | ) | ¥ | (17,048 | ) | $ | (159,327 | ) | ||||
Adjustment for the year |
(8,688 | ) | 8,086 | 7,799 | 72,888 | |||||||||||
Ending balance |
¥ | (25,134 | ) | ¥ | (17,048 | ) | ¥ | (9,249 | ) | $ | (86,439 | ) | ||||
F-35
Tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows: |
Yen (millions) | ||||||||||||
Tax benefit | Net of tax | |||||||||||
Pretax amount | (expense) | amount | ||||||||||
As of March 31, 2003 |
||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
¥ | (2,950 | ) | ¥ | 627 | ¥ | (2,323 | ) | ||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities: |
||||||||||||
Unrealized holding gains (losses)
arising during the year |
(4,036 | ) | 1,671 | (2,365 | ) | |||||||
Less- Reclassification adjustment
for (gains) losses realized in net
income |
2,590 | (1,072 | ) | 1,518 | ||||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) |
(1,446 | ) | 599 | (847 | ) | |||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment |
(9,417 | ) | 3,899 | (5,518 | ) | |||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) |
¥ | (13,813 | ) | ¥ | 5,125 | ¥ | (8,688 | ) | ||||
Yen (millions) | ||||||||||||
Tax benefit | Net of tax | |||||||||||
Pretax amount | (expense) | amount | ||||||||||
As of March 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
¥ | (5,018 | ) | ¥ | 458 | ¥ | (4,560 | ) | ||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities: |
||||||||||||
Unrealized holding gains (losses)
arising during the year |
10,837 | (4,393 | ) | 6,444 | ||||||||
Less- Reclassification adjustment
for (gains) losses realized in net
income |
(555 | ) | 225 | (330 | ) | |||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) |
10,282 | (4,168 | ) | 6,114 | ||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment |
10,924 | (4,392 | ) | 6,532 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) |
¥ | 16,188 | ¥ | (8,102 | ) | ¥ | 8,086 | |||||
Yen (millions) | ||||||||||||
Tax benefit | Net of tax | |||||||||||
Pretax amount | (expense) | amount | ||||||||||
As of March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
¥ | 4,041 | ¥ | (945 | ) | ¥ | 3,096 | |||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities: |
||||||||||||
Unrealized holding gains (losses)
arising during the year |
601 | (243 | ) | 358 | ||||||||
Less- Reclassification adjustment
for (gains) losses realized in net
income |
(453 | ) | 183 | (270 | ) | |||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) |
148 | (60 | ) | 88 | ||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment |
8,018 | (3,403 | ) | 4,615 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) |
¥ | 12,207 | ¥ | (4,408 | ) | ¥ | 7,799 | |||||
F-36
U.S. Dollars (thousands) | ||||||||||||
Tax benefit | Net of tax | |||||||||||
Pretax amount | (expense) | amount | ||||||||||
As of March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
$ | 37,766 | $ | (8,831 | ) | $ | 28,935 | |||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities: |
||||||||||||
Unrealized holding gains (losses)
arising during the year |
5,617 | (2,272 | ) | 3,345 | ||||||||
Less- Reclassification adjustment
for (gains) losses realized in net
income |
(4,234 | ) | 1,711 | (2,523 | ) | |||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) |
1,383 | (561 | ) | 822 | ||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment |
74,935 | (31,804 | ) | 43,131 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) |
$ | 114,084 | $ | (41,196 | ) | $ | 72,888 | |||||
14. | EARNINGS PER SHARE | |||
A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations is as follows: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
Numerator | (millions) | (thousands) | ||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
Net income Basic |
¥ | 6,723 | ¥ | 7,691 | ¥ | 22,136 | $ | 206,879 | ||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
||||||||||||||||
1.6% unsecured
convertible bonds, due
2003 |
13 | | | | ||||||||||||
1.5% unsecured
convertible bonds, due
2005 |
115 | 119 | 117 | 1,093 | ||||||||||||
Net income Diluted |
¥ | 6,851 | ¥ | 7,810 | ¥ | 22,253 | $ | 207,972 | ||||||||
Denominator | Number of shares | |||||||||||||||
Weighted average common
shares outstanding Basic |
148,444,219 | 144,682,696 | 143,844,383 | |||||||||||||
Dilutive effect of: |
||||||||||||||||
1.6% unsecured
convertible bonds, due
2003 |
828,134 | | | |||||||||||||
1.5% unsecured
convertible bonds, due
2005 |
5,749,811 | 5,749,811 | 5,748,927 | |||||||||||||
Weighted average common
shares outstanding Diluted |
155,022,164 | 150,432,507 | 149,593,310 | |||||||||||||
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
Earnings per share: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
¥ | 45.3 | ¥ | 53.2 | ¥ | 153.9 | $ | 1.44 | ||||||||
Diluted |
44.2 | 51.9 | 148.8 | 1.39 |
1.6% unsecured convertible bonds and 1.5% unsecured convertible bonds were redeemed in February 2003 and March 2005, respectively. |
F-37
15. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES | |||
FIN No. 45 Guarantors Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness to Others. elaborates on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its financial statements about its obligations under guarantees issued. FIN No. 45 also clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize, at inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken. | ||||
The Company guarantees to third parties bank loans of its employees. The guarantees for the employees are principally made for their housing and education loans totaling ¥19 million ($178 thousand) as of March 31, 2005. The fair value of the liabilities for the Companys obligations under the guarantees described above as of March 31, 2005 was insignificant. | ||||
Makita was contingently liable for recourse obligation regarding discounted notes with banks of ¥396 million ($3,701 thousand) as of March 31, 2005 in case notes issuers are not able to fulfill their payment obligation. The fair value of the liabilities for the Companys obligations described above as of March 31, 2005 was insignificant. | ||||
Makitas purchase obligations, mainly for raw materials, were ¥ 5,639 million ($52,701 thousand) as of March 31, 2005. | ||||
Makita is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on Makitas consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. | ||||
Makita made rental payments of ¥1,737 million, ¥1,745 million and ¥1,796 million ($16,785 thousand) under cancelable and noncancelable operating lease agreements for offices, warehouses, automobiles and office equipment during the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. The minimum rental payments required under noncancelable operating lease agreements as of March 31, 2005 were as follows: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||
Year ending March 31, | (millions) | (thousands) | ||||||
2006 |
¥ | 480 | $ | 4,486 | ||||
2007 |
316 | 2,953 | ||||||
2008 |
185 | 1,729 | ||||||
2009 |
127 | 1,187 | ||||||
2010 |
65 | 607 | ||||||
2011 and thereafter |
170 | 1,589 | ||||||
¥ | 1,343 | $ | 12,551 | |||||
F-38
Makita generally guarantees the performance of products delivered and services rendered for a certain period or term. Estimates for product warranty cost are made based on historical warranty claim experience. Change in accrued product warranty cost for the year ended March 31, 2005, is summarized as follows: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
¥ | 693 | ¥ | 667 | $ | 6,234 | ||||||
Addition |
529 | 830 | 7,757 | |||||||||
Utilization |
(532 | ) | (728 | ) | (6,804 | ) | ||||||
Foreign exchange impact |
(23 | ) | 35 | 327 | ||||||||
Balance at end of year |
¥ | 667 | ¥ | 804 | $ | 7,514 | ||||||
16. | DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES |
(a) | Risk management policy | |||
Makita is exposed to market risks, such as changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. Derivative financial instruments are comprised principally of foreign exchange contracts, currency swaps, currency options and interest rate swaps utilized by Makita and certain of its consolidated subsidiaries to reduce these risks. Makita do not use derivative instruments for trading or speculation purpose. | ||||
Makita are also exposed to risk of credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counter parties to the financial instrument contracts; it is not expected that any counter parties will fail to meet their obligations, because the contracts are diversified among a number of major internationally recognized credit worthy financial institutions. | ||||
(b) | Foreign currency exchange rate risk management | |||
Makita operates internationally, giving rise to significant exposure to market risks from changes in foreign exchange rates, and enters into forward exchange contracts, currency swaps and currency options to hedge the foreign currency exposure. | ||||
These derivative instruments are principally intended to protect against foreign exchange exposure related to intercompany transfer of inventories and financing activities. The fair values of these derivative instruments as of March 31, 2004 and 2005 were recorded as ¥396 million and ¥30 million ($281 thousand) in assets and ¥21 million and ¥387 million ($3,617 thousand) in liabilities, respectively and changes in their fair values as of March 31, 2004 and 2005 of a gain of ¥994 million and a loss of ¥732 million ($6,841 thousand), respectively were recorded in exchange gain (losses) on foreign currency transactions. | ||||
(c) | Interest rate risk management | |||
Makita executes financing and investing activities through the Company and its financial subsidiary, Euro Makita Corporation B.V. (EMC). To manage the variability in the fair values of fixed rate long-term indebtedness, time deposit and fixed rate debt securities caused by fluctuations in interest rates, the Company and EMC enters into interest rate swaps as a fair value hedge. | ||||
As of March 31, 2004 and 2005, EMC had interest rate swaps with a fair value of ¥391 million and ¥205 million ($1,916 thousand), respectively which have been designated as fair value hedges of underlying |
F-39
long-term indebtedness with fixed interest rates and recorded as current assets. Changes in fair values of both the hedging interest rate swaps and the underlying long-term indebtedness were recorded as equal and offsetting gains and losses in other income (expenses). There was no hedging ineffectiveness or net gains or losses excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for the year ended March 31, 2004 and 2005, as the critical terms of the interest rate swaps match the terms of the hedged long-term indebtedness. | ||||
As of March 31, 2004 and 2005, the Company and EMC had interest rate swaps with a fair value of ¥26 million and ¥7 million ($65 thousand), respectively which have been designated as fair value hedges of underlying time deposit and investment securities with fixed interest rates and recorded as current liabilities. As the interest rate swaps do not meet hedge accounting criteria, changes in fair value of the hedging interest rate swaps which amounted to a gain of ¥14 million and an expense of ¥19 million ($117 thousand) were recorded in earnings and classified in other income (expenses) for the years ended March 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively. |
F-40
17. | DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | |||
The following methods and significant assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument for which it is practicable to estimate a value: |
(a) | Cash and Cash Equivalents, Time Deposits, Trade Notes and Accounts Receivable, Short-term Borrowings, Trade Notes and Accounts Payable, and Other Accrued Expenses | |||
The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short or undefined maturities of those instruments. | ||||
(b) | Long-term Time Deposits | |||
The fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates that Makita would be offered for deposits with similar terms and remaining maturities. | ||||
(c) | Marketable Securities and Investment Securities | |||
The fair value of marketable securities is estimated based on quoted market prices at March 31, 2004 and 2005. For other investments for which there are no quoted market prices, amounted to ¥590 million ($5,514 thousand) a reasonable estimation of fair value could not be made without incurring excessive cost. | ||||
(d) | Long-term Indebtedness | |||
The fair value of long-term indebtedness is based on the quoted price in the most active market or the present value of future cash flows associated with each instrument discounted using the current borrowing rate for similar debt of comparable maturity. | ||||
(e) | Club Members Deposits | |||
The fair value of club members deposits is based on the latest actual transaction price or the present value of future cash flows. | ||||
(f) | Interest Rate Swap Agreements | |||
The fair values of interest rate swap agreements are based on the estimated amount that Makita would receive or pay to terminate the swap agreements which are based on quoted prices obtained from brokers. | ||||
(g) | Other Derivative Financial Instruments | |||
The fair values of other derivative financial instruments, foreign currency contracts, currency swaps and currency option contracts, all of which are used for hedging purposes, are estimated by obtaining quotes and other relevant information from brokers. |
F-41
The estimated fair value of the financial instruments was as follows: |
Yen | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(millions) | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | 2005 | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying | Carrying | Carrying | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Amount | Fair Value | Amount | Fair Value | Amount | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||
Marketable securities |
¥ | 63,990 | ¥ | 63,997 | ¥ | 58,015 | ¥ | 58,015 | $ | 542,196 | $ | 542,196 | ||||||||||||
Investment securities |
22,139 | 22,136 | 22,373 | 22,372 | 209,093 | 209,085 | ||||||||||||||||||
Long-term time deposits |
5,901 | 5,911 | 2,322 | 2,316 | 21,701 | 21,645 | ||||||||||||||||||
Long-term indebtedness |
(20,448 | ) | (20,604 | ) | (7,180 | ) | (6,530 | ) | (67,102 | ) | (61,028 | ) | ||||||||||||
Club members deposits |
(13,045 | ) | (5,553 | ) | (12,836 | ) | (6,375 | ) | (119,963 | ) | (59,579 | ) | ||||||||||||
Interest rate swap agreements: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
391 | 391 | 205 | 205 | 1,914 | 1,914 | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap agreements: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
(26 | ) | (26 | ) | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | (64 | ) | (64 | ) | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency contracts: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
275 | 275 | 23 | 23 | 215 | 215 | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency contracts: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
(2 | ) | (2 | ) | (160 | ) | (160 | ) | (1,496 | ) | (1,496 | ) | ||||||||||||
Currency swaps: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
107 | 107 | 5 | 5 | 46 | 46 | ||||||||||||||||||
Currency swaps: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
(15 | ) | (15 | ) | (216 | ) | (216 | ) | (2,019 | ) | (2,019 | ) | ||||||||||||
Currency option contracts: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
14 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||
Currency option contracts: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
(4 | ) | (4 | ) | (11 | ) | (11 | ) | (103 | ) | (103 | ) |
(h) | Limitation | |||
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. |
18. | OPERATING SEGMENT INFORMATION | |||
The operating segments presented below are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the Companys chief operating decision maker. The Companys chief operating decision maker utilizes various measurements to assess segment performance and allocate resources to the segments. | ||||
During the three years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, Makitas operating structure included the following operating segments: Japan Group, North America Group, Europe Group, Asia Group, and Other Group. | ||||
Makita evaluates the performance of each operating segment based on U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. |
F-42
Segment Products and Services Makita is a manufacturer and wholesaler of electric power tools and other tools. The operating segments derive substantially all their revenues from the sale of electric power tools and parts and repairs. |
||||
Year ended March 31, 2003 |
Yen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
North | Corporate and | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japan | America | Europe | Asia | Other | Total | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External customers |
¥ | 46,896 | ¥ | 45,807 | ¥ | 57,995 | ¥ | 7,013 | ¥ | 17,892 | ¥ | 175,603 | ¥ | | ¥ | 175,603 | ||||||||||||||||
Intersegment |
39,943 | 3,898 | 5,227 | 18,775 | 82 | 67,925 | (67,925 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
¥ | 86,839 | ¥ | 49,705 | ¥ | 63,222 | ¥ | 25,788 | ¥ | 17,974 | ¥ | 243,528 | ¥ | (67,925 | ) | ¥ | 175,603 | |||||||||||||||
Operating expenses |
¥ | 82,913 | ¥ | 49,436 | ¥ | 59,343 | ¥ | 23,388 | ¥ | 17,316 | ¥ | 232,396 | ¥ | (69,261 | ) | ¥ | 163,135 | |||||||||||||||
Operating income |
3,926 | 269 | 3,879 | 2,400 | 658 | 11,132 | 1,336 | 12,468 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-lived assets |
49,082 | 5,969 | 7,633 | 7,130 | 1,186 | 71,000 | (594 | ) | 70,406 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Identifiable assets |
233,165 | 37,757 | 67,454 | 27,424 | 14,514 | 380,314 | (101,714 | ) | 278,600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and
amortization |
6,014 | 1,571 | 1,125 | 932 | 149 | 9,791 | (51 | ) | 9,740 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures |
3,160 | 394 | 1,287 | 754 | 149 | 5,744 | (53 | ) | 5,691 |
Year ended March 31, 2004 |
Yen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
North | Corporate and | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japan | America | Europe | Asia | Other | Total | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External customers |
¥ | 48,413 | ¥ | 41,699 | ¥ | 67,110 | ¥ | 6,612 | ¥ | 20,283 | ¥ | 184,117 | ¥ | | ¥ | 184,117 | ||||||||||||||||
Intersegment |
40,633 | 3,978 | 4,726 | 22,364 | 123 | 71,824 | (71,824 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
¥ | 89,046 | ¥ | 45,677 | ¥ | 71,836 | ¥ | 28,976 | ¥ | 20,406 | ¥ | 255,941 | ¥ | (71,824 | ) | ¥ | 184,117 | |||||||||||||||
Operating expenses |
¥ | 87,594 | ¥ | 44,958 | ¥ | 64,358 | ¥ | 26,048 | ¥ | 19,061 | ¥ | 242,019 | ¥ | (72,598 | ) | ¥ | 169,421 | |||||||||||||||
Operating income |
1,452 | 719 | 7,478 | 2,928 | 1,345 | 13,922 | 774 | 14,696 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-lived assets |
36,443 | 3,835 | 6,719 | 6,668 | 1,342 | 55,007 | (648 | ) | 54,359 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Identifiable assets |
230,165 | 29,037 | 69,908 | 28,526 | 16,364 | 374,000 | (95,884 | ) | 278,116 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and
amortization |
4,804 | 1,163 | 1,044 | 824 | 172 | 8,007 | (44 | ) | 7,963 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures |
1,958 | 256 | 1,149 | 1,266 | 273 | 4,902 | (408 | ) | 4,494 |
F-43
Year ended March 31, 2005 |
Yen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
North | Corporate and | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japan | America | Europe | Asia | Other | Total | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External customers |
¥ | 50,955 | ¥ | 38,607 | ¥ | 75,864 | ¥ | 7,378 | ¥ | 21,933 | ¥ | 194,737 | ¥ | | ¥ | 194,737 | ||||||||||||||||
Intersegment |
47,786 | 3,583 | 5,802 | 34,937 | 168 | 92,276 | (92,276 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
¥ | 98,741 | ¥ | 42,190 | ¥ | 81,666 | ¥ | 42,315 | ¥ | 22,101 | ¥ | 287,013 | ¥ | (92,276 | ) | ¥ | 194,737 | |||||||||||||||
Operating expenses |
¥ | 82,826 | ¥ | 40,580 | ¥ | 71,541 | ¥ | 37,389 | ¥ | 21,146 | ¥ | 253,482 | ¥ | (90,143 | ) | ¥ | 163,339 | |||||||||||||||
Operating income |
15,915 | 1,610 | 10,125 | 4,926 | 955 | 33,531 | (2,133 | ) | 31,398 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-lived assets |
36,022 | 3,664 | 7,405 | 7,361 | 2,787 | 57,239 | (644 | ) | 56,595 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Identifiable assets |
224,099 | 30,627 | 79,309 | 31,713 | 19,141 | 384,889 | (94,985 | ) | 289,904 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and
amortization |
2,729 | 668 | 1,057 | 794 | 186 | 5,434 | (53 | ) | 5,381 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures |
1,966 | 589 | 1,289 | 1,483 | 1,544 | 6,871 | (216 | ) | 6,655 |
Year ended March 31, 2005 |
U.S. Dollars | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
North | Corporate and | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japan | America | Europe | Asia | Other | Total | Eliminations | Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External customers |
$ | 476,215 | $ | 360,813 | $ | 709,009 | $ | 68,953 | $ | 204,982 | $ | 1,819,972 | $ | | $ | 1,819,972 | ||||||||||||||||
Intersegment |
446,598 | 33,486 | 54,224 | 326,514 | 1,569 | 862,391 | (862,391 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 922,813 | $ | 394,299 | $ | 763,233 | $ | 395,467 | $ | 206,551 | $ | 2,682,363 | $ | (862,391 | ) | $ | 1,819,972 | |||||||||||||||
Operating expenses |
$ | 774,075 | $ | 379,252 | $ | 668,607 | $ | 349,430 | $ | 197,626 | $ | 2,368,990 | $ | (842,457 | ) | $ | 1,526,533 | |||||||||||||||
Operating income |
148,738 | 15,047 | 94,626 | 46,037 | 8,925 | 313,373 | (19,934 | ) | 293,439 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-lived assets |
336,654 | 34,243 | 69,206 | 68,794 | 26,047 | 534,944 | (6,019 | ) | 528,925 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Identifiable assets |
2,094,383 | 286,234 | 741,206 | 296,383 | 178,888 | 3,597,094 | (887,711 | ) | 2,709,383 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and
amortization |
25,505 | 6,243 | 9,879 | 7,421 | 1,738 | 50,786 | (496 | ) | 50,290 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures |
18,374 | 5,505 | 12,047 | 13,860 | 14,430 | 64,216 | (2,020 | ) | 62,196 |
Long-lived assets shown above consist of property, plant and equipment, security deposits and other intangible assets and other. | ||||
Transfers between segments are made at estimated arms-length prices. No single external customer accounted for 10% or more of Makitas revenues for each of the years ended March 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005. | ||||
Segment information is determined by the location of the Company and its relevant subsidiaries. |
F-44
Makitas current revenues from external customers by each group of products are set forth below. |
(Yen millions, except for percentage amounts) | U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Net Sales by Product Categories | (thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portable
Woodworking Tools |
33,637 | 19.1 | % | 34,452 | 18.7 | % | 34,507 | 17.7 | % | 322,495 | ||||||||||||||||||
Portable General
Purpose Tools |
92,144 | 52.5 | % | 98,176 | 53.3 | % | 105,736 | 54.3 | % | 988,187 | ||||||||||||||||||
Stationary
Woodworking
Machines |
1,924 | 1.1 | % | 1,711 | 1.0 | % | 1,573 | 0.8 | % | 14,701 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other Products |
19,142 | 10.9 | % | 19,548 | 10.6 | % | 21,763 | 11.2 | % | 203,393 | ||||||||||||||||||
Parts, Repairs and
Accessories |
28,756 | 16.4 | % | 30,230 | 16.4 | % | 31,158 | 16.0 | % | 291,196 | ||||||||||||||||||
TOTAL |
175,603 | 100.0 | % | 184,117 | 100.0 | % | 194,737 | 100.0 | % | 1,819,972 | ||||||||||||||||||
19. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS | |||
One of the Companys consolidated subsidiaries has long-term borrowings from Maruwa Co., Ltd.(Maruwa), where the president of the Company and certain of his family relatives serve as directors. The amount of these borrowings was ¥500 million as of March 31, 2004, and March 31, 2005. In addition, transactions of Makita with Maruwa for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004 and 2005, amounted to ¥3 million paid in interest on the subsidiarys borrowings from Maruwa and ¥2 million in advertising expenses. | ||||
The Companys purchases of raw materials and production equipment from Toa Co., Ltd., where the president of the Company and certain of his family relatives serve as directors, were ¥199 million and ¥215 million, respectively, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004, and ¥55 million and ¥145 million, respectively, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005. Accounts payable by the Company related to these transactions were ¥79 million as of March 31, 2004, and ¥19 million as of March 31, 2005. | ||||
20. | SUBSEQUENT EVENTS | |||
On April 11, 2005, the Nagoya District Court approved the civil rehabilitation plan for the Companys subsidiary, Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd., including its payment obligation of the club members deposits and such plan was confirmed on May 7, 2005. On May 31, 2005, upon confirmation of the civil rehabilitation plan, Makita transfer its ownership interests in Joyama Kaihatsu, Ltd., to a third party, Tokyo Tatemono Co. Ltd. In connection with the ownership transfer, Makita was released from its obligation for club member deposits of ¥6.5 billion ($60.7 million) and other third party obligations of ¥2.0 billion ($18.7 million) and accordingly, recognized a gain of ¥8.5 billion ($79.4 million) in fiscal year 2006. |
F-45
MAKITA CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Japanese Yen (millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at | Charged to | Charged to | Deductions | Balance at | ||||||||||||||||||||
beginning | costs and | other | from | Translation | end of | |||||||||||||||||||
Descriptions | of year | expenses | Accounts | reserves | adjustments | year | ||||||||||||||||||
2003: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for
doubtful
receivables |
1,519 | 113 | | (84 | ) | (92 | ) | 1,456 | ||||||||||||||||
Deferred
income tax assets
valuation allowance |
9,050 | 832 | | (2,621 | ) | (567 | ) | 6,694 | ||||||||||||||||
2004: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for
doubtful
receivables |
1,456 | 136 | | (135 | ) | (111 | ) | 1,346 | ||||||||||||||||
Deferred
income tax assets
valuation allowance |
6,694 | 2,938 | | (459 | ) | (345 | ) | 8,828 | ||||||||||||||||
2005: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for
doubtful
receivables |
1,346 | 98 | | (326 | ) | 60 | 1,178 | |||||||||||||||||
Deferred
income tax assets
valuation allowance |
8,828 | 234 | | (929 | ) | 78 | 8,211 |
F-46