Unassociated Document
Teucrium
Corn Fund
30,000,000
Shares
Teucrium
Corn Fund (the “Fund”) is a commodity pool that is a series of Teucrium
Commodity Trust (“Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust. The Fund will
issue common units representing fractional undivided beneficial interests in
such Fund, called “Shares.” The Fund intends to continuously offer
creation baskets consisting of 100,000 Shares at their net asset value (“NAV”)
to “Authorized Purchasers” (as defined below) through ALPS Distributors, Inc.,
which is the marketing agent for Shares of the Fund (the “Marketing
Agent”). Authorized Purchasers, in turn, may offer to the public
Shares of any baskets they create. Merrill Lynch Professional
Clearing Corp. is expected to be the initial Authorized
Purchaser. Authorized Purchasers will sell such Shares, which will be
listed on the NYSE Arca exchange (“NYSE Arca”), to the public at per-Share
offering prices that are expected to reflect, among other factors, the trading
price of the Shares on the NYSE Arca, the NAV of the Fund at the time the
Authorized Purchaser purchased the Creation Baskets and the NAV at the time of
the offer of the Shares to the public, the supply of and demand for Shares at
the time of sale, and the liquidity of the markets for corn
interests. The prices of Shares offered by Authorized Purchasers are
expected to fall between the Fund’s NAV and the trading price of the Shares on
the NYSE Arca at the time of sale. The Fund’s Shares may trade in the
secondary market on the NYSE Arca at prices that are lower or higher than their
net asset value per Share. Fund Shares will be listed on the NYSE
Arca under the symbol “CORN.”
The
investment objective of the Fund is to have the daily changes in percentage
terms of the Fund’s NAV per Share reflect the daily changes in percentage terms
of a weighted average of the closing settlement prices for three corn futures
contracts. The Fund’s sponsor is Teucrium Trading, LLC (the
“Sponsor”).
This is a
best efforts offering; the Marketing Agent is not required to sell any specific
number or dollar amount of Shares, but will use its best efforts to sell
Shares. An Authorized Purchaser is under no obligation to purchase
Shares. This is intended to be a continuous offering that will
terminate on June 7, 2012 (two years from the date of this prospectus), unless
suspended or terminated at any earlier time for certain reasons specified in
this prospectus or unless extended as permitted under the rules under the
Securities Act of 1933. See “Prospectus Summary – The Shares”
and “Creation and Redemption of Shares – Rejection of Purchase Orders”
below.
Investing
in the Fund involves significant risks. See “What Are the Risk
Factors Involved with an Investment in the Fund?” beginning on page
16. The Fund is not a mutual fund registered under the Investment
Company Act of 1940 and is not subject to regulation under such
Act.
NEITHER
THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (“SEC”) NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THE SECURITIES OFFERED IN THIS
PROSPECTUS, OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR
COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL
OFFENSE.
THE
COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION HAS NOT PASSED UPON THE MERITS OF
PARTICIPATING IN THIS COMMODITY POOL NOR HAS THE COMMISSION PASSED ON THE
ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT.
This
prospectus is in two parts: a disclosure document and a statement of additional
information. These parts are bound together, and both contain important
information.
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Per share
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Per Basket
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Price
of the Shares*
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$ |
25.00 |
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$ |
2,500,000 |
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*Based on
closing net asset value on June 7, 2010. The price may vary based on net asset
value in effect on a particular day.
The date
of this prospectus is June 7, 2010
COMMODITY
FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION
RISK
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
YOU
SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER WHETHER YOUR FINANCIAL CONDITION PERMITS YOU TO
PARTICIPATE IN A COMMODITY POOL. IN SO DOING, YOU SHOULD BE AWARE
THAT FUTURES AND OPTIONS TRADING CAN QUICKLY LEAD TO LARGE LOSSES AS WELL AS
GAINS. SUCH TRADING LOSSES CAN SHARPLY REDUCE THE NET ASSET VALUE OF
THE POOL AND CONSEQUENTLY THE VALUE OF YOUR INTEREST IN THE POOL. IN
ADDITION, RESTRICTIONS ON REDEMPTIONS MAY AFFECT YOUR ABILITY TO WITHDRAW YOUR
PARTICIPATION IN THE POOL.
FURTHER,
COMMODITY POOLS MAY BE SUBJECT TO SUBSTANTIAL CHARGES FOR MANAGEMENT, AND
ADVISORY AND BROKERAGE FEES. IT MAY BE NECESSARY FOR THOSE POOLS THAT
ARE SUBJECT TO THESE CHARGES TO MAKE SUBSTANTIAL TRADING PROFITS TO AVOID
DEPLETION OR EXHAUSTION OF THEIR ASSETS. THIS DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT
CONTAINS A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF EACH EXPENSE TO BE CHARGED THIS POOL
BEGINNING AT PAGE 55 AND A STATEMENT OF THE PERCENTAGE RETURN NECESSARY TO BREAK
EVEN, THAT IS, TO RECOVER THE AMOUNT OF YOUR INITIAL INVESTMENT, AT PAGE
1.
THIS
BRIEF STATEMENT CANNOT DISCLOSE ALL THE RISKS AND OTHER FACTORS NECESSARY TO
EVALUATE YOUR PARTICIPATION IN THIS COMMODITY POOL. THEREFORE, BEFORE
YOU DECIDE TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS COMMODITY POOL, YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY STUDY
THIS DISCLOSURE DOCUMENT, INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL RISK
FACTORS OF THIS INVESTMENT, AT PAGE 7.
YOU
SHOULD ALSO BE AWARE THAT THIS COMMODITY POOL MAY TRADE FOREIGN FUTURES OR
OPTIONS CONTRACTS. TRANSACTIONS ON MARKETS LOCATED OUTSIDE THE UNITED
STATES, INCLUDING MARKETS FORMALLY LINKED TO A UNITED STATES MARKET, MAY BE
SUBJECT TO REGULATIONS WHICH OFFER DIFFERENT OR DIMINISHED PROTECTION TO THE
POOL AND ITS PARTICIPANTS. FURTHER, UNITED STATES REGULATORY
AUTHORITIES MAY BE UNABLE TO COMPEL THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE RULES OF REGULATORY
AUTHORITIES OR MARKETS IN NON-UNITED STATES JURISDICTIONS WHERE TRANSACTIONS FOR
THE POOL MAY BE EFFECTED.
THIS
POOL HAS NOT COMMENCED TRADING AND DOES NOT HAVE ANY PERFORMANCE
HISTORY. THE SPONSOR HAS NOT PREVIOUSLY OPERATED ANY OTHER COMMODITY
POOLS OR TRADED ANY OTHER ACCOUNTS.
TEUCRIUM
CORN FUND
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
STATEMENT
REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
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iii
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PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
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1
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Principal
Offices of the Fund and the Sponsor
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1
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Breakeven
Point
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1
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Overview
of the Fund
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1
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The
Shares
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5
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The
Fund’s Investments in Corn Interests
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6
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Principal
Investment Risks of an Investment in the Fund
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7
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Financial
Condition of the Fund
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9
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Defined
Terms
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9
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Breakeven
Analysis
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9
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The
Offering
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11
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WHAT
ARE THE RISK FACTORS INVOLVED WITH AN INVESTMENT IN THE FUND?
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16
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Risks
Associated With Investing Directly or Indirectly in Corn
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16
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The
Fund’s Operating Risks
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23
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Risk
of Leverage and Volatility
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33
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Over-the-Counter
Contract Risk
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33
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Risk
of Trading in International Markets
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34
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Tax
Risk
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35
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THE
OFFERING
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36
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The
Fund in General
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36
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The
Sponsor
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37
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The
Trustee
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40
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Operation
of the Fund
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40
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Futures
Contracts
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45
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Cleared
Corn Swaps
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48
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Over-the-Counter
Derivative
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49
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Benchmark
Performance
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50
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The
Corn Market
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51
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The
Fund’s Investments in Treasury Securities, Cash and Cash Equivalents
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51
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Other
Trading Policies of the Fund
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52
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The
Service Providers
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53
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Fees
to be Paid by the Fund
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55
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Form
of Shares
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55
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Transfer
of Shares
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56
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Inter-Series
Limitation on Liability
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56
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Plan
of Distribution
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57
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The
Flow of Shares
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59
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Calculating
NAV
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60
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Creation
and Redemption of Shares
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61
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Secondary
Market Transactions
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66
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Use
of Proceeds
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67
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Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
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68
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The
Trust Agreement
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71
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The
Sponsor Has Conflicts of Interest
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76
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Interests
of Named Experts and Counsel
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77
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Provisions
of Federal and State Securities Laws
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77
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Books
and Records
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78
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Analysis
of Critical Accounting Policies
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78
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Statements,
Filings, and Reports to Shareholders
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78
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Fiscal
Year
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79
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Governing
Law; Consent to Delaware Jurisdiction
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79
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Legal
Matters
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79
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Privacy
Policy
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80
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U.S.
Federal Income Tax Considerations
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80
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Investment
By ERISA Accounts
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93
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INFORMATION
YOU SHOULD KNOW
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96
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WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
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97
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TEUCRIUM
TRADING, LLC — INDEX TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
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98
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TEUCRIUM
COMMODITY TRUST — INDEX TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
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111
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TEUCRIUM
CORN FUND — INDEX TO FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
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118
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Until
July 2, 2010 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting
transactions in the offered Shares, whether or not participating in this
distribution, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This
requirement is in addition to the obligations of dealers to deliver a prospectus
when acting as underwriters and with respect to unsold allotments or
subscriptions.
STATEMENT
REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This
prospectus includes “forward-looking statements” which generally relate to
future events or future performance. In some cases, you can identify
forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,”
“expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or
the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. All
statements (other than statements of historical fact) included in this
prospectus that address activities, events or developments that will or may
occur in the future, including such matters as movements in the commodities
markets and indexes that track such movements, the Fund’s operations, the
Sponsor’s plans and references to the Fund’s future success and other similar
matters, are forward-looking statements. These statements are only
predictions. Actual events or results may differ
materially. These statements are based upon certain assumptions and
analyses the Sponsor has made based on its perception of historical trends,
current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors
appropriate in the circumstances. Whether or not actual results and
developments will conform to the Sponsor’s expectations and predictions,
however, is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the
special considerations discussed in this prospectus, general economic, market
and business conditions, changes in laws or regulations, including those
concerning taxes, made by governmental authorities or regulatory bodies, and
other world economic and political developments. See “What Are the
Risk Factors Involved with an Investment in the Fund?” Consequently,
all the forward-looking statements made in this prospectus are qualified by
these cautionary statements, and there can be no assurance that actual results
or developments the Sponsor anticipates will be realized or, even if
substantially realized, that they will result in the expected consequences to,
or have the expected effects on, the Fund’s operations or the value of its
Shares.
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This
is only a summary of the prospectus and, while it contains material information
about the Fund and its Shares, it does not contain or summarize all of the
information about the Fund and the Shares contained in this prospectus that is
material and/or which may be important to you. You should read this entire
prospectus, including “What Are the Risk Factors Involved with an Investment in
the Fund?” beginning on page 16, before making an investment decision about the
Shares. In addition, this prospectus includes a statement of
additional information that follows and is bound together with the primary
disclosure document. Both the primary disclosure document and the
statement of additional information contain important information.
Principal
Offices of the Fund and the Sponsor
The
principal office of the Trust and the Fund is located at 232 Hidden Lake Road,
Building A, Brattleboro, Vermont 05301. The telephone number is (802)
257-1617. The Sponsor’s principal office is also located at 232
Hidden Lake Road, Building A, Brattleboro, Vermont 05301, and its telephone
number is also (802) 257-1617.
Breakeven
Point
The amount of trading income required
for the redemption value of a Share at the end of one year to equal the initial
selling price of the Share, assuming an initial selling price of $25.00, is
$0.40 or 1.59% of the initial selling price. For more information,
see “Breakeven Analysis” below.
Overview
of the Fund
Teucrium
Corn Fund (the “Fund” or “Us” or “We”), is a commodity pool that will issue
Shares that may be purchased and sold on the NYSE Arca. The Fund is a
series of the Teucrium Commodity Trust (“Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust
organized on September 11, 2009. Additional series of the Trust that
will be separate commodity pools may be created in the future, but the Fund is
currently the Trust’s only series. The Trust and the Fund operate
pursuant to the Trust’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust and Trust
Agreement (the “Trust Agreement”). The Fund was formed and is managed
and controlled by the Sponsor, Teucrium Trading, LLC. The Sponsor is a limited
liability company formed in Delaware on July 28, 2009 that is registered as a
commodity pool operator (“CPO”) with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission
(“CFTC”) and is a member of the National Futures Association
(“NFA”). The Sponsor first intends to use this prospectus on or about
June 7, 2010, the date of this prospectus.
The
investment objective of the Fund is to have the daily changes in percentage
terms of the Shares’ NAV reflect the daily changes in percentage terms of a
weighted average of the closing settlement prices for three futures contracts
for corn (“Corn Futures Contracts”) that are traded on the Chicago Board of
Trade (“CBOT”), specifically (1) the second-to-expire CBOT Corn Futures
Contract, weighted 35%, (2) the third-to-expire CBOT Corn Futures Contract,
weighted 30%, and (3) the CBOT Corn Futures Contract expiring in the December
following the expiration month of the third-to-expire contract, weighted
35%. (This weighted
average of the three referenced Corn Futures Contracts is referred to herein as
the “Benchmark,” and the three Corn Futures Contracts that at any given time
make up the Benchmark are referred to herein as the “Benchmark Component Futures
Contracts.”)
The Fund
seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing under normal market
conditions in Benchmark Component Futures Contracts or, in certain
circumstances, in other Corn Futures Contracts traded on the CBOT or on foreign
exchanges. In addition, and to a limited extent, the Fund also may
invest in corn-based swap agreements that are cleared through the CBOT or its
affiliated provider of clearing services (“Cleared Corn Swaps”) in furtherance
of the Fund's investment objective. Once position limits in Corn
Futures Contracts are applicable, the Fund's intention is to invest first in
Cleared Corn Swaps to the extent permitted by the position limits applicable to
Cleared Corn Swaps and appropriate in light of the liquidity in the Cleared Corn
Swap market, and then in contracts and instruments such as cash-settled options
on Corn Futures Contracts and forward contracts, swaps other than Cleared Corn
Swaps, and other over-the-counter transactions that are based on the price of
corn and Corn Futures Contracts (collectively, “Other Corn Interests,” and
together with Corn Futures Contracts and Cleared Corn Swaps, “Corn
Interests”). See “The Offering – Futures Contracts”
below. By utilizing certain or all of these investments, the Sponsor
will endeavor to cause the Fund's performance to closely track that of the
Benchmark. The Sponsor expects to manage the Fund’s investments
directly, although it has been authorized by the Trust to retain, establish the
terms of retention for, and terminate third-party commodity trading advisors to
provide such management. The Sponsor is also authorized to select
futures commission merchants to execute the Fund’s transactions in Corn Futures
Contracts.
Corn
Futures Contracts traded on the CBOT expire on a specified day in five different
months: March, May, July, September and December. For
example, in terms of the Benchmark, in June of a given year the next-to-expire
or “spot month” Corn Futures Contract will expire in July of that year, and the
Benchmark Component Futures Contracts will be the contracts expiring in
September of that year (the second-to-expire contract), December of that year
(the third-to-expire contract), and December of the following
year. As another example, in November of a given year the Benchmark
Component Futures Contracts will be the contracts expiring in March, May and
December of the following year.
The Fund
seeks to achieve its investment objective primarily by investing in Corn
Interests such that daily changes in the Fund’s NAV will be expected to closely
track the changes in the Benchmark. The Fund’s positions in Corn
Interests will be changed or “rolled” on a regular basis in order to track the
changing nature of the Benchmark. For example, five times a year (on
the date on which a Corn Futures Contract expires), the second-to-expire Corn
Futures Contract will become the next-to-expire Corn Futures Contract and will
no longer be a Benchmark Component Futures Contract, and the Fund’s investments
will have to be changed accordingly. In order that the Fund’s trading
does not cause unwanted market movements and to make it more difficult for third
parties to profit by trading based on such expected market movements, the Fund’s
investments typically will not be rolled entirely on that day, but rather will
typically be rolled over a period of several days.
Consistent
with achieving the Fund’s investment objective of closely tracking the
Benchmark, the Sponsor may for certain reasons cause the Fund to enter into or
hold Corn Futures Contracts other than the Benchmark Component Futures
Contracts, Cleared Corn Swaps and/or Other Corn Interests. For
example, certain Cleared Corn Swaps have standardized terms similar to, and are
priced by reference to, a corresponding Benchmark Component Futures
Contract. Additionally, Other Corn Interests that do not have
standardized terms and are not exchange-traded, referred to as
“over-the-counter” Corn Interests, can generally be structured as the parties to
the Corn Interest contract desire. Therefore, the Fund might enter
into multiple Cleared Corn Swaps and/or over-the-counter Corn Interests intended
to exactly replicate the performance of each of the three Benchmark Component
Futures Contracts, or a single over-the-counter Corn Interest designed to
replicate the performance of the Benchmark as a whole. Assuming that
there is no default by a counterparty to an over-the-counter Corn Interest, the
performance of the Corn Interest will necessarily correlate exactly with the
performance of the Benchmark or the applicable Benchmark Component Futures
Contract. The Fund’s might also enter into or hold Corn Interests
other than Benchmark Component Futures Contracts to facilitate effective
trading, consistent with the discussion of the Fund’s “roll” strategy in the
preceding paragraph. In addition, the Fund might enter into or hold
Corn Interests that would be expected to alleviate overall deviation
between the Fund’s performance and that of the Benchmark that may result from
certain market and trading inefficiencies or other reasons. By
utilizing certain or all of the investments described above, the Sponsor will
endeavor to cause the Fund’s performance to closely track that of the
Benchmark.
The Fund
invests in Corn Interests to the fullest extent possible without being leveraged
or unable to satisfy its expected current or potential margin or collateral
obligations with respect to its investments in Corn Interests. After
fulfilling such margin and collateral requirements, the Fund will invest the
remainder of its proceeds from the sale of baskets in short-term obligations of
the United States government (“Treasury Securities”) or cash equivalents, and/or
merely hold such assets in cash (generally in interest-bearing
accounts). Therefore, the focus of the Sponsor in managing the Fund
is investing in Corn Interests and in Treasury Securities, cash and/or cash
equivalents. The Fund will earn interest income from the Treasury
Securities and/or cash equivalents that it purchases and on the cash it holds
through the Fund’s custodian, the Bank of New York Mellon (the
“Custodian”).
The
Sponsor endeavors to place the Fund’s trades in Corn Interests and otherwise
manage the Fund’s investments so that the Fund’s average daily tracking error
against the Benchmark will be less than 10 percent over any period of 30 trading
days. More specifically, the Sponsor will endeavor to manage the Fund
so that A will be within plus/minus 10 percent of B, where:
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A
is the average daily change in the Fund’s NAV for any period of 30
successive valuation days, i.e., any trading day as of which the Fund
calculates its NAV, and
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B
is the average daily change in the Benchmark over the same
period.
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The
Sponsor believes that market arbitrage opportunities will cause the Fund’s Share
price on the NYSE Arca to closely track the Fund’s NAV per share. The
Sponsor believes that the net effect of this expected relationship and the
expected relationship described above between the Fund’s NAV and the Benchmark
will be that the changes in the price of the Fund’s Shares on the NYSE Arca will
closely track, in percentage terms, changes in the Benchmark.
The
Sponsor employs a “neutral” investment strategy intended to track the changes in
the Benchmark regardless of whether the Benchmark goes up or goes
down. The Fund’s “neutral” investment strategy is designed to permit
investors generally to purchase and sell the Fund’s Shares for the purpose of
investing indirectly in the corn market in a cost-effective
manner. Such investors may include participants in the corn industry
and other industries seeking to hedge the risk of losses in their corn-related
transactions, as well as investors seeking exposure to the corn
market. Accordingly, depending on the investment objective of an
individual investor, the risks generally associated with investing in the corn
market and/or the risks involved in hedging may exist. In addition,
an investment in the Fund involves the risks that the changes in the price of
the Fund’s Shares will not accurately track the changes in the Benchmark, and
that changes in the Benchmark will not closely correlate with changes in the
price of corn on the spot market. Furthermore, as noted above, the
Fund also invests in short-term Treasury Securities, cash and/or cash
equivalents to meet its current or potential margin or collateral requirements
with respect to its investments in Corn Interests and to invest cash not
required to be used as margin or collateral. The Fund does not expect
there to be any meaningful correlation between the performance of the Fund’s
investments in Treasury Securities/cash/cash equivalents and the changes in the
price of corn or Corn Interests. While the level of interest earned
on or the market price of these investments may in some respects correlate to
changes in the price of corn, this correlation is not anticipated as part of the
Fund’s efforts to meet its objective. This and certain risk factors
discussed in this prospectus may cause a lack of correlation between changes in
the Fund’s NAV and changes in the price of corn. The Sponsor does not
intend to operate the Fund in a fashion such that its per share NAV will equal,
in dollar terms, the spot price of a bushel or other unit of corn or the price
of any particular Corn Futures Contract.
The Fund
creates and redeems Shares only in blocks called Creation Baskets and Redemption
Baskets, respectively. Only Authorized Purchasers may purchase or
redeem Creation Baskets or Redemption Baskets. An Authorized
Purchaser is under no obligation to create or redeem baskets, and an Authorized
Purchaser is under no obligation to offer to the public Shares of any baskets it
does create. Baskets are generally created when there is a demand for
Shares, including, but not limited to, when the market price per share is at (or
perceived to be at) a premium to the NAV per share. Similarly,
baskets are generally redeemed when the market price per share is at (or
perceived to be at) a discount to the NAV per share. Retail investors
seeking to purchase or sell Shares on any day are expected to effect such
transactions in the secondary market, on the NYSE Arca, at the market price per
share, rather than in connection with the creation or redemption of baskets.
The Fund
will commence making the investments described in this prospectus as quickly as
practicable (no more than three business days) after the initial Creation Basket
is sold. All proceeds from the sale of subsequent Creation Baskets
will also be invested as quickly as practicable in such
investments. The Fund’s cash and investments are held through the
Fund’s Custodian, in accounts with the Fund’s commodity futures brokers or in
collateral accounts with respect to over-the-counter Corn
Interests. There is no stated maximum time period for the Fund’s
operations and the Fund will continue until all Shares are redeemed or the Fund
is liquidated pursuant to the terms of the Trust Agreement.
There is
no specified limit on the maximum amount of Creation Baskets that can be sold.
At some point, however, applicable position limits on Corn Futures Contracts,
Cleared Corn Swaps or Other Corn Interests may practically limit the number of
Creation Baskets that will be sold if the Sponsor determines that the other
investment alternatives available to the Fund at that time will not enable it to
meet its stated investment objective.
Shares
may also be purchased and sold by individuals and entities that are not
Authorized Purchasers in smaller increments than Creation Baskets on the NYSE
Arca. However, these transactions are effected at bid and ask prices
established by specialist firm(s). Like any listed security, Shares
of the Fund can be purchased and sold at any time a secondary market is
open.
In
managing the Fund’s assets, the Sponsor does not use a technical trading system
that automatically issues buy and sell orders. Instead, each time one
or more baskets are purchased or redeemed, the Sponsor will purchase or sell
Corn Interests with an aggregate market value that approximates the amount of
cash received or paid upon the purchase or redemption of the
basket(s).
Note to Secondary Market Investors:
The Shares can be directly purchased from or redeemed by the Fund only in
Creation Baskets or Redemption Baskets, respectively, and only by Authorized
Purchasers. Each Creation Basket and Redemption Basket consists of
100,000 Shares and therefore may require a commitment of several million dollars
(e.g., 100,000 Shares
times an initial Share price of $25.00 equals $2.5
million). Accordingly, investors who do not have such resources or
who are not Authorized Purchasers should be aware that some of the information
contained in this prospectus, including information about purchases and
redemptions of Shares directly with the Fund, is only relevant to Authorized
Purchasers. Shares will be listed and traded on the NYSE Arca under
the ticker symbol “CORN” and may be purchased and sold as individual
Shares. Individuals interested in purchasing Shares in the secondary
market should contact their broker. Shares purchased or sold through
a broker may be subject to commissions.
Except
when aggregated in Redemption Baskets, Shares are not redeemable securities.
There is no guarantee that Shares will trade at prices that are at or near the
per-Share NAV.
The
Shares
The
Shares are registered as securities under the Securities Act of 1933 (“1933
Act”) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and do not
provide dividend rights or conversion rights and there will not be sinking
funds. The Shares may only be redeemed when aggregated in Redemption
Baskets as discussed under “Creation and Redemption of Shares” and holders of
Fund shares (“Shareholders”) generally will not have voting rights as discussed
below under “The Trust Agreement – Voting Rights” below. Cumulative
voting is neither permitted nor required and there are no preemptive
rights. The Trust Agreement provides that, upon liquidation of the
Fund, its assets will be distributed pro rata to the Shareholders based upon the
number of Shares held. Each Shareholder will receive its share of the
assets in cash or in kind, and the proportion of such share that is received in
cash may vary from Shareholder to Shareholder, as the Sponsor in its sole
discretion may decide.
The
offering of Shares under this prospectus is a continuous offering under Rule 415 of
the 1933 Act and will terminate on June 7, 2012 (two years from the date of this
prospectus). The offering may be
extended beyond such date as permitted under the rules under 1933
Act. The offering will terminate before such date or before the end
of any extension period if all of the registered Shares have been
sold. However, the Sponsor expects to cause the Trust to file one or
more additional registration statements as necessary to permit additional Shares
to be registered and offered on an uninterrupted basis. This offering
may also be suspended or terminated at any time for certain specified reasons,
including if and when suitable investments for the Fund are not available or
practicable. See “Creation and Redemption of Shares – Rejection of
Purchase Orders” below. As discussed above, the minimum purchase
requirement for Authorized Purchasers is a Creation Basket, which consists of
100,000 Shares. Under the plan of distribution, the Fund does not require a
minimum purchase amount for investors who purchase Shares from Authorized
Purchasers. There are no arrangements to place funds in an escrow,
trust, or similar account.
The
Fund’s Investments in Corn Interests
A brief
description of the principal types of Corn Interests in which the Fund may
invest is set forth below.
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·
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A
futures contract is an exchange-traded contract traded with standard terms
that calls for the delivery of a specified quantity of a commodity at a
specified price, on a specified date and at a specified
location.
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·
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A
swap agreement is a bilateral contract to exchange a periodic stream of
payments determined by reference to a notional amount, with payment
typically made between the parties on a net basis. For
instance, in the case of corn swap, the Fund may be obligated to pay a
fixed price per bushel of corn and be entitled to receive an amount per
bushel equal to the current value of an index of corn prices, the price of
a specified Corn Futures Contract, or the average price of a group of Corn
Futures Contracts such as the Benchmark. The Fund expects to
invest primarily in Cleared Corn Swaps, rather than over-the-counter corn
swaps.
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The Fund
may also invest to a lesser extent in the following types of Corn
Interests:
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·
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Swap
agreements other than Cleared Corn Swaps (i.e., over-the-counter corn
swaps).
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A
forward contract is an over-the-counter bilateral contract for the
purchase of sale of a specified quantity of a commodity at a specified
price, on a specified date and at a specified
location.
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An
option on a futures contract, forward contract or a commodity on the spot
market gives the buyer of the option the right, but not the obligation, to
buy or sell a futures contract, forward contract or commodity, as
applicable, at a specified price on or before a specified
date. Options on futures contracts, like the future contracts
to which they relate, are standardized contracts traded on an exchange,
while options on forward contracts and commodities generally are
individually negotiated, over-the-counter, bilateral
contracts.
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Unlike
exchange-traded contracts, over-the-counter contracts expose the Fund to the
credit risk of the other party to the contract. (As discussed below,
exchange-traded contracts may expose the Fund to the risk of the clearing
broker’s and/or the exchange clearing house(s)’ bankruptcy.) The
Sponsor does not currently intend to purchase and sell corn in the “spot market”
for the Fund. Spot market transactions are cash transactions in which
the buyer and seller agree to the immediate purchase and sale of a commodity,
usually with a two-day settlement period. In addition, the Sponsor
does not currently intend that the Fund will enter into or hold spot month Corn
Futures Contracts, except that spot month contracts that were formerly
second-to-expire contracts may be held for a brief period until they can be
disposed of in accordance with the Fund’s roll strategy.
A more
detailed description of Corn Interests and other aspects of the corn and Corn
Interest markets can be found later in this prospectus.
As
noted, the Fund invests in Corn Futures Contracts, including those traded on the
CBOT, and in Cleared Corn Swaps cleared through the CBOT or its
affiliates. The Fund expressly disclaims any association with the
CBOT or endorsement of the Fund by such exchange and acknowledges that “CBOT”
and “Chicago Board of Trade” are registered trademarks of such
exchange.
Principal
Investment Risks of an Investment in the Fund
An
investment in the Fund involves a degree of risk. Some of the risks
you may face are summarized below. A more extensive discussion of these risks
appears beginning on page 16.
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Unlike
mutual funds, commodity pools and other investment pools that manage their
investments so as to realize income and gains for distribution to their
investors, the Fund generally will not distribute dividends to
Shareholders. You should not invest in the Fund if you will
need cash distributions from the Fund to pay taxes on your share of income
and gains of the Fund, if any, or for other
purposes.
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·
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Investors
may choose to use the Fund as a means of investing indirectly in corn, and
there are risks involved in such investments. The risks and
hazards that are inherent in corn production may cause the price of corn
to fluctuate widely. Price movements for corn are influenced
by, among other things: weather conditions, crop failure,
production decisions, governmental policies, changing demand, the corn
harvest cycle, and various economic and monetary events. Corn
production is also subject to U.S. federal, state and local regulations
that materially affect operations.
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·
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To
the extent that investors use the Fund as a means of investing indirectly
in corn, there is the risk that the changes in the price of the Fund’s
Shares on the NYSE Arca will not closely track the changes in spot price
of corn. This could happen if the price of Shares traded on the
NYSE Arca does not correlate closely with the Fund’s NAV; the changes in
the Fund’s NAV do not correlate closely with changes in the Benchmark; or
the changes in the Benchmark do not correlate closely with changes in the
cash or spot price of corn. This is a risk because if these
correlations are not sufficiently close, then investors may not be able to
use the Fund as a cost-effective way to invest indirectly in corn or as a
hedge against the risk of loss in corn-related
transactions.
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The
Sponsor has never operated a commodity
pool.
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The
Fund has no operating history, so there is no performance history to serve
as a basis for you to evaluate an investment in the
Trust.
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The
price relationship between the near month Corn Futures Contract to expire
and the Benchmark Component Futures Contracts will vary and may impact
both the Fund’s total return over time and the degree to which such total
return tracks the total return of corn price indices. In cases
in which the near month contract’s price is lower than later-expiring
contracts’ prices (a situation known as “contango” in the futures
markets), then absent the impact of the overall movement in corn prices
the value of the Benchmark Component Futures Contracts would tend to
decline as they approach expiration. In cases in which the near
month contract’s price is higher than later-expiring contracts’ prices (a
situation known as “backwardation” in the futures markets), then absent
the impact of the overall movement in corn prices the value of the
Benchmark Component Futures Contracts would tend to rise as they approach
expiration.
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Investors,
including those who directly participate in the corn market, may choose to
use the Fund as a vehicle to hedge against the risk of loss and there are
risks involved in hedging activities. While hedging can provide
protection against an adverse movement in market prices, it can also
preclude a hedger’s opportunity to benefit from a favorable market
movement.
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The
structure and operation of the Fund may involve conflicts of
interest. For example, a conflict may arise because the Sponsor
and its principals and affiliates may trade for themselves. In
addition, the Sponsor has sole current authority to manage the investments
and operations, and the interests of the Sponsor may conflict with the
Shareholders’ best interests.
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You
will have no rights to participate in the management of the Fund and will
have to rely on the duties and judgment of the Sponsor to manage the
Fund.
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The
Fund pays fees and expenses that are incurred regardless of whether it is
profitable.
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The
Fund seeks to have the changes in its Shares’ NAV in percentage terms
track changes in the Benchmark in percentage terms, rather than profit
from speculative trading of Corn Interests. The Sponsor
therefore endeavors to manage the Fund so that the Fund’s assets are,
unlike those of many other commodity pools, not leveraged (i.e., so that the
aggregate value of the Fund’s exposure to losses from its investments in
Corn Interests at any time will not exceed the value of the Fund’s
assets). There is no assurance that the Sponsor will
successfully implement this investment strategy. If the Sponsor
permits the Fund to become leveraged, you could lose all or substantially
all of your investment if the Fund’s trading positions suddenly turn
unprofitable. These movements in price may be the result of
factors outside of the Sponsor’s control and may not be anticipated by the
Sponsor.
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The
Fund may invest in Other Corn Interests. To the extent that
these Other Corn Interests are contracts individually negotiated between
their parties, they may not be as liquid as Corn Futures Contracts and
will expose the Fund to credit risk that its counterparty may not be able
to satisfy its obligations to the
Fund.
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·
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The
Fund invests primarily in Corn Interests that are traded or sold in the
United States. However, a portion of the Fund’s trades may take
place in markets and on exchanges outside the United
States. Some non-U.S. markets present risks because they are
not subject to the same degree of regulation as their U.S.
counterparts. In some of these non-U.S. markets, the
performance on a contract is the responsibility of the counterparty and is
not backed by an exchange or clearing corporation and therefore exposes
the Fund to credit risk. Trading in non-U.S. markets also
leaves the Fund susceptible to fluctuations in the value of the local
currency against the U.S. dollar.
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For
additional risks, see “What Are the Risk Factors Involved with an Investment in
the Fund?”
Financial
Condition of the Fund
The
Fund’s NAV is determined as of the earlier of the close of the New York Stock
Exchange or 4:00 p.m. New York time on each day that the NYSE Arca is open for
trading.
Defined
Terms
For a
glossary of defined terms, see Appendix A.
Breakeven
Analysis
The
breakeven analysis below indicates the approximate dollar returns and percentage
returns required for the redemption value of a hypothetical $25.00 initial
investment in a single Share to equal the amount invested twelve months after
the investment was made. This breakeven analysis refers to the
redemption of baskets by Authorized Purchasers and is not related to any gains
an individual investor would have to achieve in order to break
even. The breakeven analysis is an approximation
only.
Assumed
initial selling price per Share
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|
$ |
25.00 |
|
Sponsor’s
Fee (1.00%)(1)
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$ |
0.25 |
|
Creation
Basket Fee(2)
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$ |
0.01 |
|
Estimated
Brokerage Fees (0.06%)(3)
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|
$ |
0.02 |
|
Other
Fund Fees and Expenses(4)
|
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$ |
0.16 |
|
Interest
Income (0.16%)(5)
|
|
$ |
(0.04 |
) |
Amount
of trading income (loss) required for the redemption value at the end of
one year to equal the initial selling price of the Share
|
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
Percentage
of initial selling price per share
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1.59 |
% |
(1) The
Fund is obligated to pay the Sponsor a management fee at the annual rate of
1.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets, payable monthly.
(2) Authorized
Purchasers are required to pay a Creation Basket fee of $1,000 for each order
they place to create one or more baskets. An order must be at least
one basket, which is 100,000 Shares. This breakeven analysis assumes
a hypothetical investment in a single Share so the Creation Basket fee is $.01
(1,000/100,000).
(3) The
Fund determined this amount as follows. Assuming that the price of a
Share is $25.00, the Fund would receive $2,500,000 upon the sale of a Creation
Basket (100,000 Shares multiplied by $25.00). Assuming that this
entire amount is invested in Corn Futures Contracts and that there is no change
in the settlement price of such contracts, the Fund would be required to
purchase approximately 120 Corn Futures Contracts to support the Creation Basket
($2,500,000 divided by $20,838, the value of the March 2010 Corn Futures
Contract as of November 18, 2009, which is used to approximate the price of the
Benchmark Component Futures Contracts). In order to reflect changes
in the Benchmark Component Futures Contracts, the Fund would have to replace
one-third (approximately 40) of the contracts it holds with new contracts five
times per year. Assuming further that futures commission merchants
charge approximately $4.00 per Corn Futures Contract for each purchase or sale,
the annual futures commission merchant charge would be approximately $1600.00
(80 total Corn Futures Contract transactions (40 purchases and 40 sales)
multiplied by five times per year multiplied by $4.00). As a
percentage of the total investment of $2,500,000, this annual commission expense
would be approximately 0.06%.
(4) Other
Fund Fees and expenses include legal, printing, accounting, custodial,
administration, bookkeeping, transfer agency and marketing agent
costs. The per-share cost of these fixed or estimated fees has been
calculated assuming that the Fund has $30 million in assets.
(5) The
Fund earns interest on funds it deposits with the futures commission merchant
and the Custodian and it estimates that the interest rate will be 0.16% based on
the interest rate on three-month Treasury Bills as of March 16,
2010. The actual rate will vary.
The
Offering
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Offering
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The
Fund will offer Creation Baskets consisting of 100,000 Shares through the
Marketing Agent to Authorized Purchasers. Authorized Purchasers
may purchase Creation Baskets consisting of 100,000 Shares at the Fund’s
NAV, which is expected to initially be $25.00. The initial
Authorized Purchaser intends to offer the Shares of the initial Creation
Basket(s) publicly. The initial Creation Basket is expected to
be purchased by the initial Authorized Purchaser on or soon after the day
the SEC declares the registration statement effective. The
Shares are expected to begin trading on the NYSE Arca on the day following
the purchase of the initial Creation Basket(s) by the initial Authorized
Purchaser.
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Use
of Proceeds
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The
Sponsor will apply substantially all of the Fund’s assets toward investing
in Corn Interests, Treasury Securities, cash and/or cash
equivalents. The Sponsor will deposit a portion of the Fund’s
net assets with the futures commission merchant, Newedge USA, LLC, or
other custodians to be used to meet its current or potential margin or
collateral requirements in connection with its investment in Corn
Interests. The Fund will use only Treasury Securities, cash
and/or cash equivalents to satisfy these requirements. The
Sponsor expects that all entities that will hold or trade the Fund’s
assets will be based in the United States and will be subject to United
States regulations. The Sponsor believes that approximately 5%
to 10% of the Fund’s assets will normally be committed as margin for Corn
Futures Contracts and collateral for Cleared Corn Swaps and Other Corn
Interests. However, from time to time, the percentage of assets
committed as margin/collateral may be substantially more, or less, than
such range. The remaining portion of the Fund’s assets will be
held in Treasury Securities, cash and/or cash equivalents by the
Custodian. All interest income earned on these investments is
retained for the Fund’s
benefit.
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NYSE
Arca Symbol
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“CORN”
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Creation
and Redemption
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Authorized
Purchasers pay a $1,000 fee for each order to create or redeem one or more
Creation Baskets or Redemption Baskets. Authorized Purchasers
are not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of
Shares. The per share price of Shares offered in Creation
Baskets on any day after the effective date of the registration statement
relating to this prospectus is the total NAV of the Fund calculated as of
the close of the NYSE Arca on that day divided by the number of issued and
outstanding Shares.
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Inter-Series
Limitation on Liability
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While
the Fund is currently the sole series of the Trust, additional series may
be created in the future. The Trust has been formed and will be
operated with the goal that the Fund and any other series of the Trust
will be liable only for obligations of such series, and a series will not
be responsible for or affected by any liabilities or losses of or claims
against any other series. If any creditor or shareholder in any
particular series (such as the Fund) were to successfully assert against a
series a claim with respect to its indebtedness or Shares, the creditor or
shareholder could recover only from that particular series and its
assets. Accordingly, the debts and other obligations incurred,
contracted for or otherwise existing solely with respect to a particular
series will be enforceable only against the assets of that series, and not
against any other series or the Trust generally or any of their respective
assets. The assets of the Fund and any other series will
include only those funds and other assets that are paid to, held by or
distributed to the series on account of and for the benefit of that
series, including, without limitation, amounts delivered to the Trust for
the purchase of Shares in a
series.
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Registration
Clearance and Settlement
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Individual
certificates will not be issued for the Shares. Instead, Shares
will be represented by one or more global certificates, which will be
deposited by the Custodian with the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) and
registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee for
DTC. The global certificates evidence all of the Shares
outstanding at any time. Beneficial interests in Shares will be
held through DTC’s book-entry system, which means that Shareholders are
limited to: (1) participants in DTC such as banks, brokers,
dealers and trust companies (“DTC Participants”), (2) those who maintain,
either directly or indirectly, a custodial relationship with a DTC
Participant (“Indirect Participants”), and (3) those who hold interests in
the Shares through DTC Participants or Indirect Participants, in each case
who satisfy the requirements for transfers of Shares. DTC
Participants acting on behalf of investors holding Shares through such DTC
Participants’ accounts in DTC will follow the delivery practice applicable
to securities eligible for DTC’s Same-Day Funds Settlement System. Shares
will be credited to DTC Participants’ securities accounts following
confirmation of receipt of payment.
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Net
Asset Value
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The
NAV will be calculated by taking the current market value of the Fund’s
total assets and subtracting any liabilities. Under the Fund’s
current operational procedures, the Fund’s administrator, The Bank of New
York Mellon (the “Administrator”) will calculate the NAV of the Fund’s
Shares as of the earlier of 4:00 p.m. New York time or the close of the
New York Stock Exchange each day. NYSE Arca will calculate an
approximate net asset value every 15 seconds throughout each day that the
Fund’s Shares are traded on the NYSE Arca for as long as the CBOT’s main
pricing mechanism is
open.
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Fund
Expenses
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The
Fund pays the Sponsor a management fee at an annual rate of 1.00% of the
Fund’s average daily net assets. The Fund is also responsible
for other ongoing fees, costs and expenses of its operations, including
(i) brokerage and
other fees and commissions incurred in connection with the trading
activities of the Fund; (ii) expenses incurred in connection with
registering additional Shares of the Fund or offering Shares of the Fund
after the time any Shares have begun trading on NYSE Arca; (iii) the
routine expenses associated with the preparation and, if required, the
printing and mailing of monthly, quarterly, annual and other reports
required by applicable U.S. federal and state regulatory authorities,
Trust meetings and preparing, printing and mailing proxy statements to
Shareholders; (iv) the payment of any distributions related to redemption
of Shares; (v) payment for routine services of the Trustee, legal counsel
and independent accountants; (vi) payment for routine accounting,
bookkeeping, custody and transfer agency services, whether performed by an
outside service provider or by Affiliates of the Sponsor; (vii) postage
and insurance; (viii) costs and expenses associated with investor
relations and services; (ix) costs of preparation of all federal, state,
local and foreign tax returns and any taxes payable on the income, assets
or operations of the Fund; and (xi) extraordinary expenses (including, but
not limited to, legal claims and liabilities and litigation costs and any
indemnification related thereto). The Sponsor will
bear the costs and expenses related to the initial offer and sale of
Shares, including registration fees paid or to be paid to the SEC, FINRA
or any other regulatory body. Total fees to be paid by the Fund
are currently estimated to be approximately 1.71% for the twelve-month
period ending June 6, 2011, though this amount may change in future
years. The Sponsor may, in its discretion, pay or reimburse the
Fund for, or waive a portion of its management fee to offset, expenses
that would otherwise be borne by the Fund.
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General
expenses of the Trust will be allocated among the Fund and any future
series of the Trust as determined by the Sponsor in its
discretion. The Trust may be required to indemnify the Sponsor,
and the Trust and/or the Sponsor may be required to indemnify the Trustee,
Marketing Agent or Administrator, under certain
circumstances.
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Termination
Events
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The
Trust and the Fund shall continue in existence from the date of their
formation in perpetuity, unless the Trust or the Fund, as the case may be,
is sooner terminated upon the occurrence of certain events specified in
the Trust Agreement, including the following: (1) the filing of a
certificate of dissolution or cancellation of the Sponsor or revocation of
the Sponsor’s charter or the withdrawal of the Sponsor, unless
shareholders holding a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust
elect within ninety (90) days after such event to continue the business of
the Trust and appoint a successor Sponsor; (2) the occurrence of any event
which would make the existence of the Trust or the Fund unlawful; (3) the
suspension, revocation, or termination of the Sponsor’s registration as a
CPO with the CFTC or membership with the NFA; (4) the insolvency or
bankruptcy of the Trust or the Fund; (5) a vote by the Shareholders
holding at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the outstanding Shares of
the Trust to dissolve the Trust, subject to certain conditions; and (6)
the determination by the Sponsor to dissolve the Trust or the Fund,
subject to certain conditions. Upon termination of the Fund,
the affairs of the Fund shall be wound up and all of its debts and
liabilities discharged or otherwise provided for in the order of priority
as provided by law. The fair market value of the remaining
assets of the Fund shall then be determined by the
Sponsor. Thereupon, the assets of the Fund shall be distributed
pro rata to the Shareholders in accordance with their Shares.
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Authorized
Purchasers
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We
expect the initial Authorized Purchaser to be Merrill Lynch Professional
Clearing Corp., and we expect that there will be additional Authorized
Purchasers in the future. A list of Authorized Purchasers will
be available from the Marketing Agent. Authorized Purchasers
must be (1) registered broker-dealers or other securities market
participants, such as banks and other financial institutions, that are not
required to register as broker-dealers to engage in securities
transactions, and (2) DTC Participants. To become an Authorized
Purchaser, a person must enter into an Authorized Purchaser Agreement with
the Marketing
Agent.
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WHAT
ARE THE RISK FACTORS INVOLVED WITH AN INVESTMENT IN THE FUND?
You
should consider carefully the risks described below before making an investment
decision. You should also refer to the other information included in
this prospectus, which includes the Fund’s and the Sponsor’s financial
statements and the related notes.
Risks
Associated With Investing Directly or Indirectly in Corn
Investing
in Corn Interests subjects the Fund to the risks of the corn market, and this
could result in substantial fluctuations in the price of the Fund’s
Shares.
The Fund
is subject to the risks and hazards of the corn market because it invests in
Corn Interests. The risks and hazards that are inherent in the corn
market may cause the price of corn to fluctuate widely. If the
changes in percentage terms of the Fund’s Shares accurately track the percentage
changes in the Benchmark or the spot price of corn, then the price of its Shares
will fluctuate accordingly.
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·
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The
price and availability of corn is influenced by economic and industry
conditions, including but not limited to supply and demand factors such
as: crop disease; transportation difficulties; various planting, growing,
or harvesting problems; and severe weather conditions (particularly during
the spring planting season and the fall harvest) such as drought, floods,
or frost that are difficult to anticipate and which cannot be
controlled. Demand for corn in the United States to produce
ethanol has also been a significant factor affecting the price of
corn. In turn, demand for ethanol has tended to increase when
the price of gasoline has increased, and has been significantly affected
by United States governmental policies designed to encourage the
production of ethanol. Additionally, demand for corn is
affected by changes in consumer tastes, national, regional and local
economic conditions, and demographic trends. Finally, because
corn is often used as an ingredient in livestock feed, demand for corn is
subject to risks associated with the outbreak of livestock
disease.
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·
|
Corn
production is subject to United States federal, state, and local policies
and regulations that materially affect operations. Governmental
policies affecting the agricultural industry, such as taxes, tariffs,
duties, subsidies, incentives, acreage control, and import and export
restrictions on agricultural commodities and commodity products, can
influence the planting of certain crops, the location and size of crop
production, the volume and types of imports and exports, the availability
and competitiveness of feedstocks as raw materials, and industry
profitability. Additionally, corn production is affected by
laws and regulations relating to, but not limited to, the sourcing,
transporting, storing, and processing of agricultural raw materials as
well as the transporting, storing and distributing of related agricultural
products. U.S. corn producers also must comply with various
environmental laws and regulations, such as those regulating the use of
certain pesticides, and local laws that regulate the production of
genetically modified crops. In addition, international trade
disputes can adversely affect agricultural commodity trade flows by
limiting or disrupting trade between countries or
regions.
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·
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Seasonal
fluctuations in the price of corn may cause risk to an investor because of
the possibility that Share prices will be depressed because of the corn
harvest cycle. In the United States, the corn market is
normally at its weakest point, and corn prices are lowest, shortly before
and during the harvest (between September and November), due to the high
supply of corn in the market. Conversely, corn prices are
highest during the winter and spring (between December and May), when
farmer-owned corn has largely been sold and used. Seasonal corn
market peaks generally occur around February or March. In the
futures market, these seasonal fluctuations are typically reflected in
contracts expiring in the relevant season (e.g., contracts expiring during
the harvest season are typically priced lower than contracts expiring in
the winter and spring). Thus, seasonal fluctuations could
result in an investor incurring losses upon the sale of Fund Shares,
particularly if the investor needs to sell Shares when the Benchmark
Component Futures Contracts are, in whole or part, Corn Futures Contracts
expiring in the fall.
|
The
Benchmark is not designed to correlate exactly with the spot price of corn and
this could cause the changes in the price of the Shares to substantially vary
from the changes in the spot price of corn. Therefore, you may not be
able to effectively use the Fund to hedge against corn-related losses or to
indirectly invest in corn.
The
Benchmark Component Futures Contracts reflect the price of corn for future
delivery, not the current spot price of corn, so at best the correlation between
changes in such Corn Futures Contracts and the spot price of corn will be only
approximate. Weak correlation between the Benchmark and the spot
price of corn may result from the typical seasonal fluctuations in corn prices
discussed above. Imperfect correlation may also result from
speculation in Corn Interests, technical factors in the trading of Corn Futures
Contracts, and expected inflation in the economy as a whole. If there
is a weak correlation between the Benchmark and the spot price of corn, then the
price of Shares may not accurately track the spot price of corn and you may not
be able to effectively use the Fund as a way to hedge the risk of losses in your
corn-related transactions or as a way to indirectly invest in corn.
Changes
in the Fund’s NAV may not correlate well with changes in the price of the
Benchmark. If this were to occur, you may not be able to effectively
use the Fund as a way to hedge against corn-related losses or as a way to
indirectly invest in corn.
The
Sponsor endeavors to invest the Fund’s assets as fully as possible in Corn
Interests so that the changes in percentage terms in the NAV closely correlate
with the changes in percentage terms in the Benchmark. However,
changes in the Fund’s NAV may not correlate with the changes in the Benchmark
for various reasons, including those set forth below:
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The
Fund does not intend to invest only in the Benchmark Component Futures
Contracts. While its investments in Corn Futures Contracts
other than the Benchmark Component Futures Contracts, Cleared Corn Swaps
and Other Corn Interests would be for the purpose of causing
the Fund’s performance to track that of the Benchmark most effectively and
efficiently, the performance of these Corn Interests may not correlate
well with the performance of the Benchmark Component Futures Contracts,
resulting in a greater potential for error in tracking price changes in
those futures contracts. Additionally, if the trading market
for Corn Futures Contracts is suspended or closed, the Fund may not be
able to purchase these investments at the last reported price for such
investments.
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The
Fund will incur certain expenses in connection with its operations, and
will hold most of its assets in income-producing, short-term securities
for margin and other liquidity purposes and to meet redemptions that may
be necessary on an ongoing basis. These expenses and income
will cause imperfect correlation between changes in the Fund’s NAV and
changes in the Benchmark.
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The
Sponsor may not be able to invest the Fund’s assets in Corn Interests
having an aggregate notional amount exactly equal to the Fund’s
NAV. As a standardized contract, a single Corn Futures
Contracts or Cleared Corn Swap is for a specified amount of corn, and the
Fund’s NAV and the proceeds from the sale of a Creation Basket is unlikely
to be an exact multiple of that amount. In such case, the Fund
could not invest the entire proceeds from the purchase of the Creation
Basket in such futures contracts. (For example, assuming the
Fund receives $2,500,000 for the sale of a Creation Basket and that the
value (i.e., the notional amount) of a Corn Futures Contract is $20,600,
the Fund could only enter into 121 Corn Futures Contracts with an
aggregate value of $2,492,600). While the Fund may be better
able to achieve the exact amount of exposure to the corn market through
the use of over-the-counter Other Corn Interests, there is no assurance
that the Sponsor will be able to continually adjust the Fund’s exposure to
such Other Corn Interests to maintain such exact
exposure. Furthermore, as noted above, the use of Other Corn
Interests may itself result in imperfect correlation with the
Benchmark. Any amounts not invested in Corn Interests will be
held in short-term Treasury Securities, cash and/or cash
equivalents.
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As
Fund assets increase, there may be more or less correlation. On
the one hand, as the Fund grows it should be able to invest in Corn
Futures Contracts with a notional amount that is closer on a percentage
basis to the Fund’s NAV. For example, if the Fund’s NAV is
equal to 4.9 times the value of a single futures contract, it can purchase
only four futures contracts, which would cause only 81.6% of the Fund’s
assets to be exposed to the corn market. On the other hand, if
the Fund’s NAV is equal to 100.9 times the value of a single Corn Futures
Contract, it can purchase 100 such contracts, resulting in 99.1%
exposure. However, at certain asset levels the Fund may be
limited in its ability to purchase Corn Futures Contracts due to position
limits imposed by the CFTC or position limits or accountability levels
imposed by the relevant exchanges. In these instances, the Fund
would likely invest to a greater extent in Corn Interests not subject to
these position limits or accountability levels. To the extent
that the Fund invests in Cleared Corn Swaps and Other Corn Interests, the
correlation between the Fund’s NAV and the Benchmark may be
lower. In certain circumstances, position limits could limit
the number of Creation Baskets that will be
sold.
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If
changes in the Fund’s NAV do not correlate with changes in the Benchmark, then
investing in the Fund may not be an effective way to hedge against corn-related
losses or indirectly invest in corn.
Changes
in the price of the Fund’s Shares on the NYSE Arca may not correlate perfectly
with changes in the NAV of the Fund’s Shares. If this variation
occurs, then you may not be able to effectively use the Fund to hedge against
corn-related losses or to indirectly invest in corn.
While it
is expected that the trading prices of the Shares will fluctuate in accordance
with the changes in the Fund’s NAV, the prices of Shares may also be influenced
by other factors, including the supply of and demand for the Shares, whether for
the short term or the longer term. There is no guarantee that the
Shares will not trade at appreciable discounts from, and/or premiums to, the
Fund’s NAV. This could cause the changes in the price of the Shares
to substantially vary from the changes in the spot price of corn, even if the
Fund’s NAV was closely tracking movements in the spot price of
corn. If this occurs, you may not be able to effectively use the Fund
to hedge the risk of losses in your corn-related transactions or to indirectly
invest in corn.
The
Fund may experience a loss if it is required to sell Treasury Securities or cash
equivalents at a price lower than the price at which they were
acquired.
If the
Fund is required to sell Treasury Securities or cash equivalents at a price
lower than the price at which they were acquired, the Fund will experience a
loss. This loss may adversely impact the price of the Shares and may
decrease the correlation between the price of the Shares, the Benchmark, and the
spot price of corn. The value of Treasury Securities and other debt
securities generally moves inversely with movements in interest
rates. The prices of longer maturity securities are subject to
greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest
rates. While the short-term nature of the Fund’s investments in
Treasury Securities and cash equivalents should minimize the interest rate risk
to which the Fund is subject, it is possible that the Treasury Securities and
cash equivalents held by the Fund will decline in value.
Certain
of the Fund’s investments could be illiquid, which could cause large losses to
investors at any time or from time to time.
The Fund
may not always be able to liquidate its positions in its investments at the
desired price. As to futures contracts, it may be difficult to
execute a trade at a specific price when there is a relatively small volume of
buy and sell orders in a market. Limits imposed by futures exchanges
or other regulatory organizations, such as accountability levels, position
limits and price fluctuation limits, may contribute to a lack of liquidity with
respect to some exchange-traded Corn Interests. In addition,
over-the-counter contracts and cleared swaps may be illiquid because they are
contracts between two parties and generally may not be transferred by one party
to a third party without the counterparty’s consent. Conversely, a
counterparty may give its consent, but the Fund still may not be able to
transfer an over-the-counter Corn Interest to a third party due to concerns
regarding the counterparty’s credit risk.
A market
disruption, such as a foreign government taking political actions that disrupt
the market in its currency, its corn production or exports, or in another major
export, can also make it difficult to liquidate a
position. Unexpected market illiquidity may cause major losses to
investors at any time or from time to time. In addition, the Fund
does not intend at this time to establish a credit facility, which would provide
an additional source of liquidity, but instead will rely only on the Treasury
Securities, cash and/or cash equivalents that it holds to meet its liquidity
needs. The anticipated large value of the positions in Corn Interests
that the Sponsor will acquire or enter into for the Fund increases the risk of
illiquidity. Because Corn Interests may be illiquid, the Fund’s
holdings may be more difficult to liquidate at favorable prices in periods of
illiquid markets and losses may be incurred during the period in which positions
are being liquidated.
If
the nature of the participants in the futures market shifts such that corn
purchasers are the predominant hedgers in the market, the Fund might have to
reinvest at higher futures prices or choose Other Corn Interests.
The
changing nature of the participants in the corn market will influence whether
futures prices are above or below the expected future spot
price. Corn producers will typically seek to hedge against falling
corn prices by selling Corn Futures Contracts. Therefore, if corn
producers become the predominate hedgers in the futures market, prices of Corn
Futures Contracts will typically be below expected future spot
prices. Conversely, if the predominant hedgers in the futures market
are the purchasers of the corn who purchase Corn Futures Contracts to hedge
against a rise in prices, prices of Corn Futures Contracts will likely be higher
than expected future spot prices. This can have significant
implications for the Fund when it is time to sell a Corn Futures Contract that
is no longer a Benchmark Component Futures Contract and purchase a new Corn
Futures Contract or to sell a Corn Futures Contract to meet redemption requests.
While
the Fund does not intend to take physical delivery of corn under its Corn
Interests, the possibility of physical delivery impacts the value of the
contracts.
While it
is not the current intention of the Fund to take physical delivery of corn under
its Corn Interests, Corn Futures Contracts are traditionally not cash-settled
contracts, and it is possible to take delivery under these and some Other Corn
Interests. Storage costs associated with purchasing corn could result
in costs and other liabilities that could impact the value of Corn Futures
Contracts or certain Other Corn Interests. Storage costs include the
time value of money invested in corn as a physical commodity plus the actual
costs of storing the corn less any benefits from ownership of corn that are not
obtained by the holder of a futures contract. In general, Corn
Futures Contracts have a one-month delay for contract delivery and back month
contracts (the back month is any future delivery month other than the spot
month) includes storage costs. To the extent that these storage costs
change for corn while the Fund holds Corn Interests, the value of the Corn
Interests, and therefore the Fund’s NAV, may change as well.
The
price relationship between the Benchmark Component Futures Contracts at any
point in time and the Corn Futures Contacts that will become Benchmark Component
Futures Contracts on the next roll date will vary and may impact both the Fund’s
total return and the degree to which its total return tracks that of corn price
indices.
The
design of the Fund’s Benchmark is such that the Benchmark Component Futures
Contracts will change five times per year, and the Fund’s investments must be
rolled periodically to reflect the changing composition of the
Benchmark. For example, when the second-to-expire Corn Futures
Contract becomes the first-to-expire contract, such contract will no longer be a
Benchmark Component Futures Contract and the Fund’s position in it will no
longer be consistent with tracking the Benchmark. In the event of a
corn futures market where near-to-expire contracts trade at a higher price than
longer-to-expire contracts, a situation referred to as “backwardation,” then
absent the impact of the overall movement in corn prices the value of the
Benchmark Component Futures Contracts would tend to rise as they approach
expiration. As a result the Fund may benefit because it would be
selling more expensive contracts and buying less expensive ones on an ongoing
basis. Conversely, in the event of a corn futures market where
near-to-expire contracts trade at a lower price than longer-to-expire contracts,
a situation referred to as “contango,” then absent the impact of the overall
movement in corn prices the value of the Benchmark Component Futures Contracts
would tend to decline as they approach expiration. As a result the Fund’s total
return may be lower than might otherwise be the case because it would be selling
less expensive contracts and buying more expensive ones. The impact
of backwardation and contango may lead the total return of the Fund to vary
significantly from the total return of other price references, such as the spot
price of corn. In the event of a prolonged period of contango, and
absent the impact of rising or falling corn prices, this could have a
significant negative impact on the Fund’s NAV and total return.
Regulation
of the commodity interests and commodity markets is extensive and constantly
changing; future regulatory developments are impossible to predict but may
significantly and adversely affect the Fund.
The
regulation of futures contracts and futures exchanges has historically been
comprehensive. The CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take
extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for
example, the retroactive implementation of speculative position limits or higher
margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension
of trading.
The
regulation of commodity interest transactions in the United States is a rapidly
changing area of the law and is subject to ongoing modification by governmental
and judicial action. Considerable regulatory attention has recently
been focused on both over-the-counter commodity interests and non-traditional
publicly distributed investment pools such as the Fund, and a number of
proposals that would alter the regulation of Corn Interests are being considered
by federal regulators and Congress. These proposals include the
extension of position and accountability limits to futures contracts on non-U.S.
exchanges and to over-the-counter commodity interests previously exempt from
such limits, and the forced use of certain clearinghouse mechanisms for all
over-the-counter transactions. There is a possibility that future
regulatory changes would result in changes, perhaps to a material extent, to the
nature of an investment in the Fund and the investments that may be available to
the Fund, and that could affect the ability of the Fund to continue to implement
its investment strategy. In addition, various national governments
have expressed concern regarding the disruptive effects of speculative trading
in certain commodity markets and the need to regulate the derivatives markets in
general. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Fund is
impossible to predict, but could be substantial and adverse.
If
you are investing in the Fund for purposes of hedging, you might be subject to
several risks, including the possibility of losing the benefit of favorable
market movements.
Producers
and commercial users of corn may use the Fund as a vehicle to hedge the risk of
losses in their corn-related transactions. There are several risks in
connection with using the Fund as a hedging device. While hedging can
provide protection against an adverse movement in market prices, it can also
preclude a hedger’s opportunity to benefit from a favorable market
movement. For instance, in a hedging transaction the hedger may be a
user of a commodity concerned that the hedged commodity will increase in price,
but must recognize the risk that the price may instead decline. If
this happens, the hedger will have lost the benefit of being able to purchase
the commodity at the lower price because the hedging transaction will result in
a loss that would offset (at least in part) this benefit. Thus, the
hedger forgoes the opportunity to profit from favorable price
movements. In addition, if the hedge is not a perfect one, the hedger
can lose on the hedging transaction and not realize an offsetting gain in the
value of the underlying item being hedged.
When
using Corn Interests as a hedging technique, at best, the correlation between
changes in prices of futures contracts and of the items being hedged can be only
approximate. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends upon
circumstances such as: variations in speculative markets, demand for
futures and for corn products, technical influences in futures trading, and
differences between anticipated costs being hedged and the instruments
underlying the standard futures contracts available for trading. Even
a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of unexpected
market behavior as well as the expenses associated with creating the
hedge.
In
addition, using an investment in the Fund as a hedge for changes in food costs
generally may not be successful because changes in the price of corn may vary
substantially from changes in the prices of other food products. In
addition, the price of corn and the Fund’s NAV would not reflect the refining,
transportation, and other costs that are specific to the hedger.
An
investment in the Fund may provide you little or no diversification
benefits. Thus, in a declining market, the Fund may have no gains to
offset your losses from other investments, and you may suffer losses on your
investment in the Fund at the same time you incur losses with respect to other
asset classes.
Historically,
Corn Interests have not generally been correlated to the performance of other
asset classes such as stocks and bonds. Non-correlation means that
there is a low statistical relationship between the performance of Corn
Interests, on the one hand, and stocks or bonds, on the other
hand. However, there can be no assurance that such non-correlation
will continue during future periods. If, contrary to historic
patterns, the Fund’s performance were to move in the same general direction as
the financial markets, you will obtain little or no diversification benefits
from an investment in the Shares. In such a case, the Fund may have
no gains to offset your losses from other investments, and you may suffer losses
on your investment in the Fund at the same time you incur losses with respect to
other investments.
Variables
such as drought, floods, weather, embargoes, tariffs and other political events
may have a larger impact on corn and Corn Interest prices than on traditional
securities. These additional variables may create additional
investment risks that subject the Fund’s investments to greater volatility than
investments in traditional securities.
Non-correlation
should not be confused with negative correlation, where the performance of two
asset classes would be opposite of each other. There is no historic evidence
that the spot price of corn and prices of other financial assets, such as stocks
and bonds, are negatively correlated. In the absence of negative correlation,
the Fund cannot be expected to be automatically profitable during unfavorable
periods for the stock market, or vice versa.
The
Fund’s Operating Risks
The
Fund is not a registered investment company, so you do not have the protections
of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
The Fund
is not an investment company subject to the Investment Company Act of
1940. Accordingly, you do not have the protections afforded by that
statute, which, for example, requires investment companies to have a board of
directors with a majority of disinterested directors and regulates the
relationship between the investment company and its investment
manager.
The
Sponsor has never operated a commodity pool.
While certain of the Sponsor’s
principals have experience with investing in Corn Interests and other commodity
interests, the Sponsor has been formed for the purpose of sponsoring the Trust
and serving as the Fund’s commodity pool operator and has never operated a
commodity pool or traded other commodity accounts. In addition, the
Trust is newly formed and the Fund is new and has no operating
history. Therefore, you do not have the benefit of reviewing past
performance of the Sponsor, the Fund or other series of the Trust. If
the experience of the Sponsor and its management is not adequate or suitable,
the operation and performance of the Fund may be adversely
affected.
The
Sponsor is leanly staffed and relies heavily on key personnel to manage trading
activities.
In
managing and directing the day-to-day activities and affairs of the Fund, the
Sponsor relies almost entirely on Mr. Sal Gilbertie, Mr. Dale Riker, Mr. Carl N.
Miller III and Mr. Kelly Teevan. If one or more of these individuals
were to leave or be unable to carry out their present responsibilities, it may
have an adverse effect on the management of the Fund. To the extent
that the Sponsor establishes additional commodity pools, even greater demands
will be placed on these individuals.
The
Sponsor has limited capital and may be unable to continue to manage the Fund if
it sustains continued losses.
The Sponsor was formed for the purpose
of managing the Trust, including the Fund and any other series of the Trust, and
has been provided with capital primarily by its principals and a small number of
outside investors. If the Sponsor operates at a loss for an extended
period, its capital will be depleted and it may be unable to obtain additional
financing necessary to continue its operations. If the Sponsor were
unable to continue to provide services to the Fund, the Fund would be terminated
if a replacement sponsor could not be found.
Position
limits and daily price fluctuation limits set by the CFTC and the exchanges have
the potential to cause tracking error, which could cause the price of Shares to
substantially vary from the Benchmark and prevent you from being able to
effectively use the Fund as a way to hedge against corn-related losses or as a
way to indirectly invest in corn.
The CFTC
and U.S. designated contract markets such as the CBOT may establish position
limits on the maximum net long or net short futures contracts in commodity
interests that any person or group of persons under common trading control
(other than as a hedge, which an investment by the Fund is not) may hold, own or
control. For example, the current position limit for investments at
any one time in Corn Futures Contracts are 600 spot month contracts, 13,500
contracts expiring in any other single month, and 22,000 total for all
months. Cleared Corn Swaps are subject to position limits that are
substantially identical to, but measured separately from, the limits on Corn
Futures Contracts. These position limits are fixed ceilings that the
Fund would not be able to exceed without specific CFTC authorization.
In
addition to position limits, the exchanges set daily price fluctuation limits on
futures contracts. The daily price fluctuation limit establishes the
maximum amount that the price of futures contracts may vary either up or down
from the previous day’s settlement price. Once the daily price
fluctuation limit has been reached in a particular futures contract, no trades
may be made at a price beyond that limit.
For
example, the CBOT imposes a $1,500 per contract price fluctuation limit for Corn
Futures Contracts. This limit is initially based off of the previous
trading day’s settlement price. If two or more Corn Futures Contract
months within the first five listed non-spot contracts close at the limit, the
daily price limit increases to $2,250 per contract for the next business day and
to $3,500 for the next business day.
All of
these limits may potentially cause a tracking error between the price of the
Shares and the Benchmark. This may in turn prevent you from being
able to effectively use the Fund as a way to hedge against corn-related losses
or as a way to indirectly invest in corn.
The Fund
does not intend to limit the size of the offering and will attempt to expose
substantially all of its proceeds to the corn market utilizing Corn
Interests. If the Fund encounters position limits, accountability
levels, or price fluctuation limits for Corn Futures Contracts and/or Cleared
Corn Swaps on the CBOT, it may then, if permitted under applicable regulatory
requirements, purchase Other Corn Interests and/or Corn Futures Contracts listed
on foreign exchanges. However, the Corn Futures Contracts available
on such foreign exchanges may have different underlying sizes, deliveries, and
prices. In addition, the Corn Futures Contracts available on these
exchanges may be subject to their own position limits and accountability
levels. In any case, notwithstanding the potential availability of
these instruments in certain circumstances, position limits could force the Fund
to limit the number of Creation Baskets that it sells.
There
are no independent advisers representing Fund investors.
The Sponsor has consulted with legal
counsel, accountants and other advisers regarding the formation and operation of
the Trust and Fund. No counsel has been appointed to represent you in
connection with the offering of Shares. Accordingly, you should
consult your own legal, tax and financial advisers regarding the desirability of
an investment in the Shares.
The
Fund and the Sponsor may have conflicts of interest, which may cause them to
favor their own interests to your detriment.
The Fund
and the Sponsor may have inherent conflicts to the extent the Sponsor attempts
to maintain the Fund’s asset size in order to preserve its fee income and this
may not always be consistent with the Fund’s objective of having the value of
its Shares’ NAV track changes in the Benchmark. The Sponsor’s
officers, directors and employees do not devote their time exclusively to the
Fund. These persons may be directors, officers or employees of other
entities. They could have a conflict between their responsibilities
to the Fund and to those other entities.
In
addition, the Sponsor’s principals, officers, directors or employees may trade
futures and related contracts for their own accounts. A conflict of
interest may exist if their trades are in the same markets and at the same time
as the Fund trades using the clearing broker to be used by the
Fund. A potential conflict also may occur if the Sponsor’s
principals, officers, directors or employees trade their accounts more
aggressively or take positions in their accounts that are opposite, or ahead of,
the positions taken by the Fund.
The
Sponsor has sole current authority to manage the investments and operations of
the Fund, and this may allow it to act in a way that furthers its own interests
and in conflict with your best interests. Shareholders have very
limited voting rights, which will limit the ability to influence matters such as
amendment of the Trust Agreement, changes in the Fund’s basic investment
policies, dissolution of the Fund, or the sale or distribution of the Fund’s
assets.
Shareholders
have only very limited voting rights and generally will not have the power to
replace the Sponsor. Shareholders will not participate in the
management of the Fund and do not control the Sponsor so they will not have
influence over basic matters that affect the Fund.
Shareholders
will have very limited voting rights with respect to the Fund’s
affairs. Shareholders may elect a replacement Sponsor only if the
current Sponsor resigns voluntarily or loses its corporate
charter. Shareholders will not be permitted to participate in the
management or control of the Fund or the conduct of its
business. Shareholders must therefore rely upon the duties and
judgment of the Sponsor to manage the Fund’s affairs.
The
Sponsor may manage a large amount of assets and this could affect the Fund’s
ability to trade profitably.
Increases
in assets under management may affect trading decisions. While the
Fund currently has only nominal assets, the Sponsor does not intend to limit the
amount of Fund assets. The more assets the Sponsor manages, the more
difficult it may be for it to trade profitably because of the difficulty of
trading larger positions without adversely affecting prices and performance and
of managing risk associated with larger positions.
The
liability of the Sponsor and the Trustee are limited, and the value of the
Shares will be adversely affected if the Fund is required to indemnify the
Trustee or the Sponsor.
Under the
Trust Agreement, the Trustee and the Sponsor are not liable, and have the right
to be indemnified, for any liability or expense incurred absent gross negligence
or willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee or Sponsor, as the case may
be. That means the Sponsor may require the assets of a Fund to be
sold in order to cover losses or liability suffered by the Sponsor or by the
Trustee. Any sale of that kind would reduce the NAV of the Fund and
the value of its Shares.
Although
the Shares of the Fund are limited liability investments, certain circumstances
such as bankruptcy could increase a Shareholder’s liability.
The
Shares of the Fund are limited liability investments; Shareholders may not lose
more than the amount that they invest plus any profits recognized on their
investment. However, Shareholders could be required, as a matter of
bankruptcy law, to return to the estate of the Fund any distribution they
received at a time when the Fund was in fact insolvent or in violation of its
Trust Agreement.
You
cannot be assured of the Sponsor’s continued services, and discontinuance may be
detrimental to the Fund.
You
cannot be assured that the Sponsor will be willing or able to continue to
service the Fund for any length of time. The Sponsor was formed for
the purpose of sponsoring the Fund and other commodity pools, and has limited
financial resources and no significant source of income apart from its
management fee from the Fund to support its continued service for the
Fund. If the Sponsor discontinues its activities on behalf of the
Fund, the Fund may be adversely affected. If the Sponsor’s
registrations with the CFTC or memberships in the NFA were revoked or suspended,
the Sponsor would no longer be able to provide services to the
Fund.
The
Fund could terminate at any time and cause the liquidation and potential loss of
your investment and could upset the overall maturity and timing of your
investment portfolio.
The Fund
may terminate at any time, regardless of whether the Fund has incurred losses,
subject to the terms of the Trust Agreement. For example, the
dissolution or resignation of the Sponsor would cause the Fund to terminate
unless shareholders holding a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust
elect within 90 days of the event to continue the Trust and appoint a successor
Sponsor. In addition, the Sponsor may terminate the Fund if it
determines that the Fund’s aggregate net assets in relation to its operating
expenses make the continued operation of the Fund unreasonable or
imprudent. However, no level of losses will require the Sponsor to
terminate the Fund. The Fund’s termination would result in the
liquidation of its investments and the distribution of its remaining assets to
the Shareholders on a pro rata basis in accordance with their Shares, and the
Fund could incur losses in liquidating its investments in connection with a
termination. Termination could also negatively affect the overall
maturity and timing of your investment portfolio.
As
a Shareholder, you will not have the rights enjoyed by investors in certain
other types of entities.
As
interests in separate series of a Delaware statutory trust, the Shares do not
involve the rights normally associated with the ownership of shares of a
corporation (including, for example, the right to bring shareholder oppression
and derivative actions). In addition, the Shares have limited voting
and distribution rights (for example, Shareholders do not have the right to
elect directors, as the Trust does not have a board of directors, and generally
will not receive regular distributions of the net income and capital gains
earned by the Fund). The Fund is also not subject to certain investor
protection provisions of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 and the NYSE Arca
governance rules (for example, audit committee requirements).
A
court could potentially conclude that the assets and liabilities of the Fund are
not segregated from those of another series of the Trust, thereby potentially
exposing assets in the Fund to the liabilities of another series.
The Fund
is a series of a Delaware statutory trust and not itself a separate legal
entity. The Delaware Statutory Trust Act provides that if certain
provisions are included in the formation and governing documents of a statutory
trust organized in series and if separate and distinct records are maintained
for any series and the assets associated with that series are held in separate
and distinct records and are accounted for in such separate and distinct records
separately from the other assets of the statutory trust, or any series thereof,
then the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by a particular
series are enforceable against the assets of such series only, and not against
the assets of the statutory trust generally or any other series
thereof. Conversely, none of the debts, liabilities, obligations and
expenses incurred with respect to any other series thereof are enforceable
against the assets of such series. The Sponsor is not aware of any
court case that has interpreted this inter-series limitation on liability or
provided any guidance as to what is required for compliance. The
Sponsor intends to maintain separate and distinct records for the Fund and
account for the Fund separately from any other Trust series, but it is possible
a court could conclude that the methods used do not satisfy the Delaware
Statutory Trust Act, which would potentially expose assets in the Fund to the
liabilities of any series created in the future.
The
Sponsor and the Trustee are not obligated to prosecute any action, suit or other
proceeding in respect of any Fund property.
Neither
the Sponsor nor the Trustee is obligated to, although each may in its respective
discretion, prosecute any action, suit or other proceeding in respect of any
Fund property. The Trust Agreement does not confer upon Shareholders
the right to prosecute any such action, suit or other
proceeding.
The
Fund does not expect to make cash distributions.
The
Sponsor intends to re-invest any income and realized gains of the Fund in
additional Corn Interests rather than distributing cash to
Shareholders. Therefore, unlike mutual funds, commodity pools or
other investment pools that generally distribute income and gains to their
investors, the Fund generally will not distribute cash to
Shareholders. You should not invest in the Fund if you will need cash
distributions from the Fund to pay taxes on your share of income and gains of
the Fund, if any, or for any other reason. Although the Fund does not
intend to make cash distributions, the income earned from its investments held
directly or posted as margin may reach levels that merit distribution, e.g., at
levels where such income is not necessary to support its underlying investments
in corn interests and investors adversely react to being taxed on such income
without receiving distributions that could be used to pay such
tax. Cash distributions may be made in these and similar
instances.
There
is a risk that the Fund will not earn gains sufficient to compensate for the
fees and expenses that it must pay and as such the Fund may not earn any
profit.
The Fund
pays management fees at an annual rate of 1.00% of its average net assets,
brokerage charges of approximately 0.06% (based on futures commission merchant
fees of $4.00 per buy or sell), over-the-counter spreads and various other
expenses of its ongoing operations (e.g., fees of the Administrator, Trustee and
Marketing Agent), resulting in a total estimated expense ratio of approximately
1.71% of net assets (not including the transaction fees paid by Authorized
Purchaser when purchasing or redeeming Creation Baskets). These fees
and expenses must be paid in all events, regardless of whether the Fund’s
activities are profitable. Accordingly, the Fund must realize
interest income and/or gains on Corn Interests sufficient to cover these fees
and expenses before it can earn any profit.
If
this offering of Shares does not raise sufficient funds to make the Fund’s
future operations viable, the Fund may be forced to terminate and investors may
lose all or part of their investment.
All of
the expenses relating to the Fund incurred prior to the date of this prospectus
have been or will be paid by the Sponsor. These payments by the
Sponsor were designed to allow the Fund the ability to commence the public
offering of its Shares. As of the date of this prospectus, the Fund
pays the fees, costs and expenses of its operations. If the Sponsor
and the Fund are unable to raise sufficient funds so that the Fund’s expenses
are reasonable in relation to its NAV, the Fund may be forced to terminate and
investors may lose all or part of their investment.
The
Fund may incur higher fees and expenses upon renewing existing or entering into
new contractual relationships.
The
arrangements between clearing brokers and counterparties on the one hand and the
Fund on the other generally are terminable by the clearing brokers or
counterparty upon notice to the Fund. In addition, the agreements
between the Fund and its third-party service providers, such as the Marketing
Agent and the Custodian, are generally terminable at specified
intervals. Upon termination, the Sponsor may be required to
renegotiate or make other arrangements for obtaining similar services if the
Fund intends to continue to operate. Comparable services from another
party may not be available, or even if available, these services may not be
available on the terms as favorable as those of the expired or terminated
arrangements.
The
Fund may miss certain trading opportunities because it will not receive the
benefit of the expertise of independent trading advisors.
The
Sponsor does not employ trading advisors for the Fund; however, it reserves the
right to employ them in the future. The only advisor to the Fund is
the Sponsor. A lack of independent trading advisors may be
disadvantageous to the Fund because it will not receive the benefit of their
expertise.
The
net asset value calculation of the Fund may be overstated or understated due to
the valuation method employed when a settlement price is not available on the
date of net asset value calculation.
The
Fund’s NAV includes, in part, any unrealized profits or losses on open swap
agreements, futures or forward contracts. Under normal circumstances,
the NAV will reflect the settlement price of open futures contracts on the date
when the NAV is being calculated. However, if a futures contract
traded on an exchange could not be liquidated on such day (due to the operation
of daily limits or other rules of the exchange or otherwise), the settlement
price on the most recent day on which the futures contract position could have
been liquidated will be the basis for determining the market value of such
position for such day. In these situations, there is a risk that the
calculation of the NAV of the Fund on such day will not accurately reflect the
realizable market value of the futures contracts.
An
unanticipated number of redemption requests during a short period of time could
have an adverse effect on the NAV of the Fund.
If a
substantial number of requests for redemption of Redemption Baskets are received
by the Fund during a relatively short period of time, the Fund may not be able
to satisfy the requests from the Fund’s assets not committed to trading. As a
consequence, it could be necessary to liquidate the Fund’s trading positions
before the time that its trading strategies would otherwise call for
liquidation.
The
financial markets have recently been in a period of disruption and recession and
these conditions may not improve in the near future.
A period
of recession for the economy as a whole began in 2008, and the financial markets
have experienced very difficult conditions and volatility during that
period. The conditions in these markets resulted in a decrease in
availability of corporate credit and liquidity and led indirectly to the
insolvency, closure or acquisition of a number of major financial institutions
and contributed to further consolidation within the financial services
industry. A continued recession or a depression could adversely
affect the financial condition and results of operations of the Fund’s service
providers and Authorized Purchasers, which would impact the ability of the
Sponsor to achieve the Fund’s investment objective.
The
liquidity of the Shares may be affected by the withdrawal from participation of
Authorized Purchasers, which could adversely affect the market price of the
Shares.
In the
event that one or more Authorized Purchasers that are actively involved in
purchasing and selling Shares cease to be so involved, the liquidity of the
Shares will likely decrease, which could adversely affect the market price of
the Shares and result in your incurring a loss on your investment.
You
may be adversely affected by redemption orders that are subject to postponement,
suspension or rejection under certain circumstances.
The Trust
may, in its discretion, suspend the right to redeem Shares of the Fund or
postpone the redemption settlement date: (1) for any period during
which an applicable exchange is closed other than customary weekend or holiday
closing, or trading is suspended or restricted; (2) for any period during which
an emergency exists as a result of which delivery, disposal or evaluation of the
Fund’s assets is not reasonably practicable; or (3) for such other period as the
Sponsor determines to be necessary for the protection of
Shareholders. In addition, the Trust will reject a redemption order
if the order is not in proper form as described in the agreement with the
Authorized Purchaser or if the fulfillment of the order, in the opinion of its
counsel, might be unlawful. Any such postponement, suspension or
rejection could adversely affect a redeeming Shareholder. For
example, the resulting delay may adversely affect the value of the Shareholder’s
redemption proceeds if the NAV of the Fund declines during the period of
delay. The Trust Agreement provides that the Sponsor and its
designees will not be liable for any loss or damage that may result from any
such suspension or postponement.
The
failure or bankruptcy of a clearing broker could result in substantial losses
for the Fund; the clearing broker could be subject to proceedings that impair
its ability to execute the Fund’s trades.
Under
CFTC regulations, a clearing broker with respect to the Fund’s exchange-traded
Corn Interests must maintain customers’ assets in a bulk segregated
account. If a clearing broker fails to do so, or is unable to satisfy
a substantial deficit in a customer account, its other customers may be subject
to risk of a substantial loss of their funds in the event of that clearing
broker’s bankruptcy. In that event, the clearing broker’s customers,
such as the Fund, are entitled to recover, even in respect of property
specifically traceable to them, only a proportional share of all property
available for distribution to all of that clearing broker’s
customers. The Fund also may be subject to the risk of the failure
of, or delay in performance by, any exchanges and markets and their clearing
organizations, if any, on which Corn Interests are traded.
From time
to time, the clearing brokers may be subject to legal or regulatory proceedings
in the ordinary course of their business. A clearing broker’s
involvement in costly or time-consuming legal proceedings may divert financial
resources or personnel away from the clearing broker’s trading operations, which
could impair the clearing broker’s ability to successfully execute and clear the
Fund’s trades.
The
failure or insolvency of the Fund’s custodian could result in a substantial loss
of the Fund’s assets.
As noted
above, the vast majority of the Fund’s assets are held in short-term Treasury
Securities, cash and/or cash equivalents with the Custodian. The
insolvency of the Custodian could result in a complete loss of the Fund’s assets
held by the Custodian, which, at any given time, would likely comprise a
substantial portion of the Fund’s total assets.
Third
parties may infringe upon or otherwise violate intellectual property rights or
assert that the Sponsor has infringed or otherwise violated their intellectual
property rights, which may result in significant costs and diverted
attention.
Third
parties may assert that the Sponsor has infringed or otherwise violated their
intellectual property rights. Third parties may independently develop
business methods, trademarks or proprietary software and other technology
similar to that of the Sponsor and claim that the Sponsor has violated their
intellectual property rights, including their copyrights, trademark rights,
trade names, trade secrets and patent rights. As a result, the
Sponsor may have to litigate in the future to determine the validity and scope
of other parties’ proprietary rights, or defend itself against claims that it
has infringed or otherwise violated other parties’ rights. Any
litigation of this type, even if the Sponsor is successful and regardless of the
merits, may result in significant costs, divert resources from the Fund, or
require the Sponsor to change its proprietary software and other technology or
enter into royalty or licensing agreements.
Third
parties may utilize the Sponsor’s intellectual property or technology, including
the use of its business methods, trademarks or trade names and trading program
software, without permission, which could cause competitive harm to the Sponsor
and the Fund. The Sponsor has not registered any trademarks and does
not have patent protections on any business methods or technology used with
respect to the Fund. The Sponsor does not currently have any
proprietary software. However, if it obtains proprietary software in
the future, then any unauthorized use of such proprietary software and other
technology could also adversely affect the competitive advantage of the Sponsor
or the Fund and/or cause the Sponsor to take legal action to protect its
rights.
The
success of the Fund depends on the ability of the Sponsor to accurately
implement its trading strategies, and any failure to do so could subject the
Fund to losses on such transactions.
The
Sponsor’s trading strategy is quantitative in nature and it is possible that the
Sponsor will make errors in its implementation. The execution of the
quantitative strategy is subject to human error, such as incorrect inputs into
the Sponsor’s computer systems and incorrect information provided to the Fund’s
clearing brokers. In addition, it is possible that a computer or
software program may malfunction and cause an error in
computation. Any failure, inaccuracy or delay in executing the Fund’s
transactions could affect its ability to achieve its investment
objective. It could also result in decisions to undertake
transactions based on inaccurate or incomplete information. This
could cause substantial losses on transactions.
The
Fund may experience substantial losses on transactions if the computer or
communications system fails.
The
Fund’s trading activities, including its risk management, depend on the
integrity and performance of the computer and communications systems supporting
them. Extraordinary transaction volume, hardware or software failure,
power or telecommunications failure, a natural disaster or other catastrophe
could cause the computer systems to operate at an unacceptably slow speed or
even fail. Any significant degradation or failure of the systems that
the Sponsor uses to gather and analyze information, enter orders, process data,
monitor risk levels and otherwise engage in trading activities may result in
substantial losses on transactions, liability to other parties, lost profit
opportunities, damages to the Sponsor’s and Fund’s reputations, increased
operational expenses and diversion of technical resources.
If
the computer and communications systems are not upgraded when necessary, the
Fund’s financial condition could be harmed.
The
development of complex computer and communications systems and new technologies
may render the existing computer and communications systems supporting the
Fund’s trading activities obsolete. In addition, these computer and
communications systems must be compatible with those of third parties, such as
the systems of exchanges, clearing brokers and the executing
brokers. As a result, if these third parties upgrade their systems,
the Sponsor will need to make corresponding upgrades to continue effectively its
trading activities. The Fund’s future success may depend on the Fund’s ability
to respond to changing technologies on a timely and cost-effective basis.
The
Fund depends on the reliable performance of the computer and communications
systems of third parties, such as brokers and futures exchanges, and may
experience substantial losses on transactions if they fail.
The Fund
depends on the proper and timely function of complex computer and communications
systems maintained and operated by the futures exchanges, brokers and other data
providers that the Sponsor uses to conduct trading
activities. Failure or inadequate performance of any of these systems
could adversely affect the Sponsor’s ability to complete transactions, including
its ability to close out positions, and result in lost profit opportunities and
significant losses on commodity interest transactions. This could
have a material adverse effect on revenues and materially reduce the Fund’s
available capital. For example, unavailability of price quotations
from third parties may make it difficult or impossible for the Sponsor to
conduct trading activities so that the Fund will closely track the
Benchmark. Unavailability of records from brokerage firms may make it
difficult or impossible for the Sponsor to accurately determine which
transactions have been executed or the details, including price and time, of any
transaction executed. This unavailability of information also may
make it difficult or impossible for the Sponsor to reconcile its records of
transactions with those of another party or to accomplish settlement of executed
transactions.
Risk
of Leverage and Volatility
If
the Sponsor causes or permits the Fund to become leveraged, you could lose all
or substantially all of your investment if the Fund’s trading positions suddenly
turn unprofitable.
Commodity
pools’ trading positions in futures contracts or other commodity interests are
typically required to be secured by the deposit of margin funds that represent
only a small percentage of a futures contract’s (or other commodity interest’s)
entire market value. This feature permits commodity pools to
“leverage” their assets by purchasing or selling futures contracts (or other
commodity interests) with an aggregate face amount in excess of the commodity
pool’s assets. While this leverage can increase a pool’s profits,
relatively small adverse movements in the price of the pool’s commodity
interests can cause significant losses to the pool. While the Sponsor
does not intend to leverage the Fund’s assets, it is not prohibited from doing
so under the Trust Agreement. If the Sponsor were to cause or permit
the Fund to become leveraged, you could lose all or substantially all of your
investment if the Fund’s trading positions suddenly turn
unprofitable.
The
price of corn can be volatile which could cause large fluctuations in the price
of Shares.
Movements
in the price of corn will be the result of factors outside of the Sponsor’s
control and may not be anticipated by the Sponsor. As discussed in
more detail above, price movements for corn are influenced by, among other
things, weather conditions, crop disease, transportation difficulties, various
planting, growing and harvesting problems, governmental policies, changing
demand, and seasonal fluctuations in supply. More generally,
commodity prices may be influenced by economic and monetary events such as
changes in interest rates, changes in balances of payments and trade, U.S. and
international inflation rates, currency valuations and devaluations, U.S. and
international economic events, and changes in the philosophies and emotions of
market participants. Because the Fund invests primarily in interests
in a single commodity, it is not a diversified investment vehicle, and therefore
may be subject to greater volatility than a diversified portfolio of stocks or
bonds or a more diversified commodity pool.
Over-the-Counter
Contract Risk
Over-the-counter
transactions are subject to little, if any, regulation.
A portion
of the Fund’s assets may be used to trade over-the-counter Corn Interests, such
as forward contracts or swaps. Over-the-counter contracts are
typically traded on a principal-to-principal basis through dealer markets that
are dominated by major money center and investment banks and other institutions
and are essentially unregulated by the CFTC. You therefore do not
receive the protection of CFTC regulation or the statutory scheme of the
Commodity Exchange Act in connection with this trading activity. The
markets for over-the-counter contracts rely upon the integrity of market
participants in lieu of the additional regulation imposed by the CFTC on
participants in the futures markets. The lack of regulation in these
markets could expose the Fund in certain circumstances to significant losses in
the event of trading abuses or financial failure by participants.
The
Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to counterparties to
over-the-counter contracts entered into by the Fund.
The Fund
faces the risk of non-performance by the counterparties to the over-the-counter
contracts. Unlike in futures contracts, the counterparty to these contracts is
generally a single bank or other financial institution, rather than a clearing
organization backed by a group of financial institutions. As a
result, there will be greater counterparty credit risk in these
transactions. A counterparty may not be able to meet its obligations
to the Fund, in which case the Fund could suffer significant losses on these
contracts.
If a
counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations due
to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in
obtaining any recovery in a bankruptcy or other reorganization
proceeding. During any such period, the Fund may have difficulty in
determining the value of its contracts with the counterparty, which in turn
could result in the overstatement or understatement of the Fund’s
NAV. The Fund may eventually obtain only limited recovery or no
recovery in such circumstances.
The
Fund may be subject to liquidity risk with respect to its over-the-counter
contracts.
Over-the-counter
contracts may have terms that make them less marketable than futures
contracts. Over-the-counter contracts are less marketable because
they are not traded on an exchange, do not have uniform terms and conditions,
and are entered into based upon the creditworthiness of the parties and the
availability of credit support, such as collateral, and in general, they are not
transferable without the consent of the counterparty. These
conditions may diminish the ability to realize the full value of such
contracts.
Risk
of Trading in International Markets
Trading
in international markets would expose the Fund to credit and regulatory
risk.
The
Sponsor may make substantial investments for the Fund in Corn Futures Contracts,
a significant portion of which will be on United States exchanges including the
CBOT. However, a portion of the Fund’s trades may take place on
markets and exchanges outside the United States. Some non-U.S.
markets present risks because they are not subject to the same degree of
regulation as their U.S. counterparts. None of the CFTC, NFA, or any
domestic exchange regulates activities of any foreign boards of trade or
exchanges, including the execution, delivery and clearing of transactions, nor
has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of a foreign board of trade or
exchange or of any applicable non-U.S. laws. Similarly, the rights of
market participants, such as the Fund, in the event of the insolvency or
bankruptcy of a non-U.S. market or broker are also likely to be more limited
than in the case of U.S. markets or brokers. As a result, in these
markets, the Fund has less legal and regulatory protection than it does when it
trades domestically.
In some
of these non-U.S. markets, the performance on a futures contract is the
responsibility of the counterparty and is not backed by an exchange or clearing
corporation and therefore exposes the Fund to credit
risk. Additionally, trading on non-U.S. exchanges is subject to the
risks presented by exchange controls, expropriation, increased tax burdens and
exposure to local economic declines and political instability. An
adverse development with respect to any of these variables could reduce the
profit or increase the loss earned on trades in the affected international
markets.
International
trading activities subject the Fund to foreign exchange risk.
The price
of any non-U.S. Corn Interest and, therefore, the potential profit and loss on
such investment, may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate
between the time the order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or
exercised. As a result, changes in the value of the local currency
relative to the U.S. dollar may cause losses to the Fund even if the contract is
profitable.
The
Fund’s international trading could expose it to losses resulting from non-U.S.
exchanges that are less developed or less reliable than United States
exchanges.
Some
non-U.S. exchanges also may be in a more developmental stage so that prior price
histories may not be indicative of current price dynamics. In addition,
the Fund may not have the same access to certain positions on foreign trading
exchanges as do local traders, and the historical market data on which the
Sponsor bases its strategies may not be as reliable or accessible as it is for
U.S. exchanges.
Tax
Risk
Please
refer to “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for information regarding the
U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition
of Shares.
Your
tax liability from holding Shares may exceed the amount of distributions, if
any, on your Shares.
Cash or
property will be distributed at the sole discretion of the Sponsor, and the
Sponsor currently does not intend to make cash or other distributions with
respect to Shares. You will be required to pay U.S. federal income tax
and, in some cases, state, local, or foreign income tax, on your allocable share
of the Fund’s taxable income, without regard to whether you receive
distributions or the amount of any distributions. Therefore, the tax
liability resulting from your ownership of Shares may exceed the amount of cash
or value of property (if any) distributed.
Your
allocable share of income or loss for tax purposes may differ from your economic
income or loss on your Shares.
Due to
the application of the assumptions and conventions applied by the Fund in making
allocations for tax purposes and other factors, your allocable share of the
Fund’s income, gain, deduction or loss may be different than your economic
profit or loss from your Shares for a taxable year. This difference could
be temporary or permanent and, if permanent, could result in your being taxed on
amounts in excess of your economic income.
Items
of income, gain, deduction, loss and credit with respect to Shares could be
reallocated if the IRS does not accept the assumptions and conventions applied
by the Fund in allocating those items, with potential adverse consequences for
you.
The Fund
will be treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax
purposes. The U.S. tax rules pertaining to entities taxed as partnerships
are complex and their application to publicly traded partnerships such as the
Fund is in many respects uncertain. The Fund will apply certain
assumptions and conventions in an attempt to comply with the intent of the
applicable rules and to report taxable income, gains, deductions, losses and
credits in a manner that properly reflects Shareholders’ economic gains and
losses. These assumptions and conventions may not fully comply with all
aspects of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) and applicable Treasury
Regulations, however, and it is possible that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service
will successfully challenge our allocation methods and require us to reallocate
items of income, gain, deduction, loss or credit in a manner that adversely
affects you. If this occurs, you may be required to file an amended tax
return and to pay additional taxes plus deficiency interest.
The
Fund could be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, which
may substantially reduce the value of your Shares.
The Trust
has received an opinion of counsel that, under current U.S. federal income tax
laws, the Fund will be treated as a partnership that is not taxable as a
corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, provided that (i) at least 90
percent of the Fund’s annual gross income consists of “qualifying income” as
defined in the Code, (ii) the Fund is organized and operated in accordance with
its governing agreements and applicable law, and (iii) the Fund does not elect
to be taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. Although the
Sponsor anticipates that the Fund has satisfied and will continue to satisfy the
“qualifying income” requirement for all of its taxable years, that result cannot
be assured. The Fund has not requested and will not request any ruling
from the IRS with respect to its classification as a partnership not taxable as
a corporation for federal income tax purposes. If the IRS were to
successfully assert that the Fund is taxable as a corporation for federal income
tax purposes in any taxable year, rather than passing through its income, gains,
losses and deductions proportionately to Shareholders, the Fund would be subject
to tax on its net income for the year at corporate tax rates. In addition,
although the Sponsor does not currently intend to make distributions with
respect to Shares, any distributions would be taxable to Shareholders as
dividend income. Taxation of the Fund as a corporation could materially
reduce the after-tax return on an investment in Shares and could substantially
reduce the value of your Shares.
PROSPECTIVE
INVESTORS ARE STRONGLY URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO
THE POSSIBLE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF AN INVESTMENT IN SHARES; SUCH TAX
CONSEQUENCES MAY DIFFER IN RESPECT OF DIFFERENT INVESTORS.
THE
OFFERING
The
Fund in General
The Fund
is a series of the Trust, a statutory trust organized under the laws of the
State of Delaware on September 11, 2009. The Fund is currently the only
series of the Trust, although additional series may be offered in the future at
the Sponsor’s discretion. The Fund maintains its main business office at
232 Hidden Lake Road, Building A, Brattleboro, Vermont 05301. The Fund is
a commodity pool. It operates pursuant to the terms of the Trust Agreement
dated as of March 31, 2010, which grants full management control to the Sponsor.
The Fund
is publicly traded, and seeks to have the daily changes in percentage terms of
the Shares’ NAV reflect the daily changes in percentage terms of the price of
corn for future delivery, as measured by the Benchmark. The Fund will
invest in a mixture of listed Corn Futures Contracts, Cleared Corn Swaps, Other
Corn Interests, short-term Treasury Securities, cash and cash
equivalents.
THE
FUND HAS NOT COMMENCED TRADING AND DOES NOT HAVE ANY
PERFORMANCE
HISTORY.
The
Sponsor
The
Sponsor of the Trust is Teucrium Trading, LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company. The principal office of the Sponsor and the Trust are located at
232 Hidden Lake Road, Building A, Brattleboro, Vermont 05301. The Sponsor
registered as a CPO with the CFTC and became a member of the NFA on November 10,
2009.
The
Sponsor established the Trust and the Fund and registered the Shares of the Fund
covered by this prospectus. Aside from this activity and obtaining capital from
a small number of outside investors in order to engage in this activity, the
Sponsor did not engage in any business activity prior to the date of this
prospectus. Under the Trust Agreement, the Sponsor is solely responsible for the
management and conducts or directs the conduct of the business of the Trust, the
Fund, and any other series of the Trust that may from time to time be
established and designated by the Sponsor. The Sponsor is required to oversee
the purchase and sale of Shares by Authorized Purchasers and to manage the
Fund’s investments, including to evaluate the credit risk of futures commission
merchants and swap counterparties and to review daily positions and
margin/collateral requirements. The Sponsor has the power to enter into
agreements as may be necessary or appropriate for the offer and sale of the
Fund’s Shares and the conduct of the Trust’s activities. Accordingly, the
Sponsor is responsible for selecting the Trustee, Administrator, Marketing
Agent, the independent registered public accounting firm of the Trust, and any
legal counsel employed by the Trust. The Sponsor is also responsible for
preparing and filing periodic reports on behalf of the Trust with the SEC and
will provide any required certification for such reports. No person other than
the Sponsor and its principals was involved in the organization of the Trust or
the Fund.
The
Marketing Agent will assist the Sponsor in marketing the Shares. The
Sponsor may determine to engage additional or successor marketing agents.
See “Plan of Distribution” for more information about the Marketing
Agent.
The
Sponsor maintains a public website on behalf of the Fund, www.teucriumcornfund.com,
which contains information about the Trust, the Fund, and the Shares, and
oversees certain services for the benefit of Shareholders.
The
Sponsor has discretion to appoint one or more of its affiliates as additional
Sponsors.
The
Sponsor receives a fee as compensation for services performed under the Trust
Agreement. The Sponsor’s fee accrues daily and is paid monthly at an
annual rate of 1.00% of the average daily net assets of the Fund. The
Sponsor receives no compensation from the Fund other than such fee. The
Fund is also responsible for other ongoing fees, costs and expenses of its
operations, including brokerage fees, SEC and FINRA registration fees and legal,
printing, accounting, custodial, administration and transfer agency costs,
although the
Sponsor has borne or will bear the costs and expenses related to the initial
offer and sale of Shares.
Shareholders
have no right to elect the Sponsor on an annual or any other continuing basis or
to remove the Sponsor. If the Sponsor voluntarily withdraws, the holders
of a majority of the Trust’s outstanding Shares (excluding for purposes of such
determination Shares owned by the withdrawing Sponsor and its affiliates) may
elect its successor. Prior to withdrawing, the Sponsor must give ninety
days’ written notice to the Shareholders and the Trustee.
Ownership
or “membership” interests in the Sponsor are owned by persons referred to as
“members.” The Sponsor currently has three voting or “Class A” members –
Mr. Sal Gilbertie, Mr. Dale Riker and Mr. Carl N. Miller III – and a small
number of non-voting or “Class B” members who have provided working capital to
the Sponsor. Messrs. Gilbertie and Riker each currently own 45% of the
Sponsor’s Class A membership interests.
Management
of the Sponsor
In
general, under the Sponsor’s Limited Liability Company Agreement, the Sponsor
(and as a result the Trust and the Fund) is managed by the officers of the
Sponsor. In particular, the President of the Sponsor is responsible for
the general and active management of the business of the Sponsor, and for the
supervision and direction of the Sponsor’s other officers. However,
certain fundamental actions regarding the Sponsor, such as the removal of
officers, the addition or substitution of members, or the incurrence of
liabilities other than those incurred in the ordinary course of business and
de minimis liabilities,
may not be taken without the affirmative vote of a majority of the Class A
members (which is generally defined as the affirmative vote of Mr. Gilbertie and
one of the other two Class A members). The Sponsor has no board of
directors, and the Trust has no board of directors or officers.
The three
Class A members of the Sponsor, two of whom also serve as its officers, are as
follows:
Sal Gilbertie
has been the President of the Sponsor since its inception, was approved
by the NFA as a principal of the Sponsor on September 23, 2009, and was
registered as an associated person of the Sponsor on November 10, 2009. He
maintains his main business office at 653A Garcia, Santa Fe, NM
87505. From October, 2005 until December, 2009, Mr. Gilbertie was employed
by Newedge USA, LLC, where he headed the Renewable Fuels/Energy Derivatives OTC
Execution Desk and was an active futures contract and over-the-counter
derivatives trader and market maker in multiple classes of commodities.
(Between January 2008 and October 2008, he also held a comparable position with
Newedge Financial, Inc., an affiliate of Newedge USA, LLC.) From October
1998 until October 2005, Mr. Gilbertie was principal and co-founder of Cambial
Asset Management, LLC, an adviser to two private funds that focused on equity
options, and Cambial Financing Dynamics, a private boutique investment
bank. Mr. Gilbertie is 50 years old.
Dale Riker
has been the Treasurer of the Sponsor since its inception and its
Secretary since January, 2010, was approved by the NFA as a principal of the
Sponsor on October 29, 2009, and was registered as an associated person of the
Sponsor on February 17, 2010. He maintains his main business office at 232
Hidden Lake Road, Brattleboro, Vermont 05301. From February 2005 to the
present, Mr. Riker has been President of Cambial Emerging Markets LLC, a
consulting company specializing in emerging market equity investment. From
July 1996 to February 2005, Mr. Riker was a private investor. Mr. Riker is
52 years old.
Carl N. (Chuck)
Miller III was approved by the NFA as a principal of the Sponsor on
November 10, 2009, and was registered as an associated person of the Sponsor on
April 19, 2010. He maintains his main business office at 369 Montezuma
Avenue, Suite 434, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501. Mr. Miller has been a
Member of Garnet Advisors, LLC, a proprietary trading firm that focuses on a
broad array of investment opportunities, since he founded such firm in November,
2001. Mr. Miller is 57 years old.
The three
individuals set forth above are individual “principals,” as that term is defined
in CFTC Rule 3.1, for the Sponsor. These individuals are principals due to
their positions and/or due to their ownership interests in the Sponsor.
None of the principals owns or has any other beneficial interest in the
Fund. In addition, each of the three Class A members of the Sponsor are
registered with the CFTC as associated persons of the Sponsor and are NFA
associate members. GFI Group LLC is a principal for the Sponsor under CFTC
Rules due to its ownership of certain non-voting securities of the
Sponsor.
Mr.
Gilbertie and Kelly Teevan, an employee of the Sponsor who is not a member of
the Sponsor, are primarily responsible for making trading and investment
decisions for the Fund, and for directing Fund trades for execution. Mr.
Teevan has been a Managing Director of the Sponsor since October 2009,
was approved by the NFA as a principal of the Sponsor on March 25, 2010,
and was registered as an associated person of the Sponsor on February 24,
2010. He maintains his main business office at 42 West Union Street,
Goffstown, NH 03045. Mr. Teevan graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy,
Harvard College and Stanford Graduate School of Business, following which he
worked as commodities broker and trader at several brokerage and investment
firms in New York City, San Francisco and Sydney, Australia. He has
primarily been retired since January 2003, although he was a self-employed
market research consultant from August 2005 until September 2005, and has served
during his retirement on non-profit boards without compensation, focusing on
financial, treasury and endowment issues. Mr. Teevan is 59 years old.
Prior
Performance of the Sponsor and Affiliates
NEITHER
THIS POOL OPERATOR NOR ANY OF ITS TRADING PRINCIPALS HAS PREVIOUSLY OPERATED ANY
OTHER POOLS OR TRADED ANY OTHER ACCOUNTS.
The
Trustee
The sole Trustee of the Trust is
Wilmington Trust Company, a Delaware banking corporation. The Trustee’s
principal offices are located at 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware
19890-0001. The Trustee is unaffiliated with the Sponsor. The
Trustee’s duties and liabilities with respect to the offering of Shares and the
management of the Trust and the Fund are limited to its express obligations
under the Trust Agreement.
The
Trustee will accept service of legal process on the Trust in the State of
Delaware and will make certain filings under the Delaware Statutory Trust
Act. The Trustee does not owe any other duties to the Trust, the Sponsor
or the Shareholders. The Trustee is permitted to resign upon at least
sixty (60) days’ notice to the Sponsor. If no successor trustee has been
appointed by the Sponsor within such sixty-day period, the Trustee may, at the
expense of the Trust, petition a court to appoint a successor. The Trust
Agreement provides that the Trustee is entitled to reasonable compensation for
its services from the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor (including the
Trust), and is indemnified by the Sponsor against any expenses it incurs
relating to or arising out of the formation, operation or termination of the
Trust, or any action or inaction of the Trustee under the Trust Agreement,
except to the extent that such expenses result from the gross negligence or
willful misconduct of the Trustee. The Sponsor has the discretion to
replace the Trustee.
The
Trustee has not signed the registration statement of which this prospectus is a
part, and is not subject to issuer liability under the federal securities laws
for the information contained in this prospectus and under federal securities
laws with respect to the issuance and sale of the Shares. Under such laws,
neither the Trustee, either in its capacity as Trustee or in its individual
capacity, nor any director, officer or controlling person of the Trustee is, or
has any liability as, the issuer or a director, officer or controlling person of
the issuer of the Shares.
Under the
Trust Agreement, the Trustee has delegated to the Sponsor the exclusive
management and control of all aspects of the business of the Trust and the
Fund. The Trustee has no duty or liability to supervise or monitor the
performance of the Sponsor, nor does the Trustee have any liability for the acts
or omissions of the Sponsor.
Because
the Trustee has delegated substantially all of its authority over the operation
of the Trust to the Sponsor, the Trustee itself is not registered in any
capacity with the CFTC.
Operation
of the Fund
The
investment objective of the Fund is to have daily changes in percentage terms of
the Shares’ NAV reflect the daily changes in percentage terms of a weighted
average of the closing settlement prices of three Corn Futures Contracts: (1)
the second-to-expire Corn Futures Contract traded on the CBOT, weighted 35%, (2)
the third-to-expire CBOT Corn Futures Contract, weighted 30%, and (3) the CBOT
Corn Futures Contract expiring in the December following the expiration month of
the third-to-expire contracts, weighted 35%. The Sponsor does not intend
that the Fund will be operated in a fashion such that its NAV will equal, in
dollar terms, the spot price of a bushel or other unit of corn or the price of
any particular Corn Futures Contract.
The Fund
seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing under normal market
conditions in Benchmark Component Futures Contracts or, in certain
circumstances, in other Corn Futures Contracts traded on the CBOT or on foreign
exchanges. In addition, and to a limited extent, the Fund also may invest
in Cleared Corn Swaps in furtherance of the Fund's investment objective.
Once position limits in Corn Futures Contracts are applicable, the Fund's
intention is to invest first in Cleared Corn Swaps to the extent permitted by
the position limits applicable to Cleared Corn Swaps and appropriate in light of
the liquidity in the Cleared Corn Swap market, and then in Other Corn
Interests. See “The Offering – Futures Contracts” below. By
utilizing certain or all of these investments, the Sponsor will endeavor to
cause the Fund's performance to closely track that of the
Benchmark.
The Fund
will invest in Corn Interests to the fullest extent possible without being
leveraged or unable to satisfy its current or potential margin or collateral
obligations with respect to its investments in Corn Interests. After
fulfilling such margin and collateral requirements, the Fund will invest the
remainder of its proceeds from the sale of baskets in short-term Treasury
Securities or cash equivalents, and/or merely hold such assets in cash
(generally in interest-bearing accounts). Therefore, the focus of the
Sponsor in managing the Fund is investing in Corn Interests and in Treasury
Securities, cash and/or cash equivalents. The Sponsor expects to manage
the Fund’s investments directly, although it has been authorized by the Trust to
retain, establish the terms of retention for, and terminate third-party
commodity trading advisors to provide such management. The Sponsor has
substantial discretion in managing the Fund’s investments consistent with
meeting its investment objective of closely tracking the Benchmark, including
the discretion: (1) to choose whether to invest in the Benchmark Component
Futures Contracts or other Corn Futures Contracts, Cleared Corn Swaps or Other
Corn Interests with similar investment characteristics; (2) to choose when to
“roll” the Fund’s positions in Corn Interests as described below, and (3) to
manage the Fund’s investments in Treasury Securities, cash and cash equivalents.
The Fund
seeks to achieve its investment objective primarily by investing in Corn
Interests such that the changes in its NAV will be expected to closely track the
changes in the Benchmark. The Fund’s positions in Corn Interests will be
changed or “rolled” on a regular basis in order to track the changing nature of
the Benchmark. For example, five times a year (on the date on which a Corn
Futures Contract expires), the second-to-expire Corn Futures Contract will
become the next-to-expire Corn Futures Contract and will no longer be a
Benchmark Component Futures Contract, and the Fund’s investments will have to be
changed accordingly. In order that the Fund’s trading does not cause
unwanted market movements and to make it more difficult for third parties to
profit by trading based on such expected market movements, the Fund’s
investments typically will not be rolled entirely on that day, but rather will
typically be rolled over a period of days.
Consistent
with achieving the Fund’s investment objective of closely tracking the
Benchmark, the Sponsor may for certain reasons cause the Fund to enter into or
hold Corn Futures Contracts other than the Benchmark Component Futures
Contracts, Cleared Corn Swaps and/or Other Corn Interests. For example,
certain Cleared Corn Swaps have standardized terms similar to, and are priced by
reference to, a corresponding Benchmark Component Futures Contract.
Additionally, over-the-counter Corn Interests can generally be structured as the
parties to the contract desire. Therefore, the Fund might enter into
multiple Cleared Corn Swaps and/or over-the-counter Corn Interests intended to
exactly replicate the performance of each of the three Benchmark Component
Futures Contracts, or a single over-the-counter Corn Interest designed to
replicate the performance of the Benchmark as a whole. Assuming that there
is no default by a counterparty to an over-the-counter Corn Interest, the
performance of the Corn Interest will necessarily correlate exactly with the
performance of the Benchmark or the applicable Benchmark Component Futures
Contract. The Fund might also enter into or hold Corn Interests other than
the Benchmark Component Futures Contracts to facilitate effective trading,
consistent with the discussion of the Fund’s “roll” strategy in the preceding
paragraph. In addition, the Fund might enter into or hold Corn Interests
that would be expected to alleviate overall deviation between the Fund’s
performance and that of the Benchmark that may result from certain market and
trading inefficiencies or other reasons. By utilizing a certain or all of
the investments described above, the Sponsor will endeavor to cause the Fund’s
performance to closely track that of the Benchmark.
The
Sponsor endeavors to place the Fund’s trades in Corn Interests and otherwise
manage the Fund’s investments so that the Fund’s average daily tracking error
against the Benchmark will be less than 10 percent over any period of 30 trading
days. More specifically, the Sponsor will endeavor to manage the Fund so
that A will be within plus/minus 10 percent of B, where:
|
·
|
A
is the average daily change in the Fund’s NAV for any period of 30
successive valuation days; i.e., any trading day as of which the Fund
calculates its NAV, and
|
|
·
|
B
is the average daily change in the price of the Benchmark over the same
period.
|
The
Sponsor believes that market arbitrage opportunities cause daily changes in the
Fund’s Share price on the NYSE Arca to closely track daily changes in the Fund’s
NAV per share. The Sponsor believes that the net effect of this expected
relationship and the expected relationship described above between the Fund’s
NAV and the Benchmark will be that daily changes in the price of the Fund’s
Shares on the NYSE Arca will closely track daily changes in the Benchmark.
While the Benchmark is composed of Futures Contracts and is therefore a measure
of the price of corn for future delivery, there is nonetheless expected to be a
reasonable degree of correlation between the Benchmark and the cash or spot
price of corn.
These
relationships are illustrated in the following diagram:
An
investment in the Shares provides a means for diversifying an investor’s
portfolio or hedging exposure to changes in corn prices. An investment in
the Shares allows both retail and institutional investors to easily gain this
exposure to the corn market in a transparent, cost-effective
manner.
The
Sponsor employs a “neutral” investment strategy intended to track changes in the
Benchmark regardless of whether the Benchmark goes up or goes down. The
Fund’s “neutral” investment strategy is designed to permit investors generally
to purchase and sell the Fund’s Shares for the purpose of investing indirectly
in the corn market in a cost-effective manner. Such investors may include
participants in the corn industry and other industries seeking to hedge the risk
of losses in their corn-related transactions, as well as investors seeking
exposure to the corn market. Accordingly, depending on the investment
objective of an individual investor, the risks generally associated with
investing in the corn market and/or the risks involved in hedging may
exist. In addition, an investment in the Fund involves the risk that the
changes in the price of the Fund’s Shares will not accurately track the changes
in the Benchmark, and that changes in the Benchmark will not closely correlate
with changes in the price of corn on the spot market. Furthermore, as
noted above, the Fund will also hold short-term Treasury Securities, cash and/or
cash equivalents to meet its current or potential margin or collateral
requirements with respect to its investments in Corn Interests and to invest
cash not required to be used as margin or collateral. The Fund does not
expect there to be any meaningful correlation between the performance of the
Fund’s investments in Treasury Securities/cash/cash equivalents and the changes
in the price of corn or Corn Interests. While the level of interest earned
on or the market price of these investments may in some respects correlate to
changes in the price of corn, this correlation is not anticipated as part of the
Fund’s efforts to meet its objective.
The
Fund’s total portfolio composition is disclosed each business day that the NYSE
Arca is open for trading on the Fund’s website at www.teucriumcornfund.com.
The website disclosure of portfolio holdings is made daily and includes, as
applicable, the name and value of each Corn Futures Contract and Cleared Corn
Swap, the specific types of Other Corn Interests and characteristics of such
Other Corn Interests, the name and value of each Treasury security and cash
equivalent, and the amount of cash held in the Fund’s portfolio. The
Fund’s website is publicly accessible at no charge.
The
Shares issued by the Fund may only be purchased by Authorized Purchasers and
only in blocks of 100,000 Shares called Creation Baskets. The amount of
the purchase payment for a Creation Basket is equal to the aggregate NAV of
Shares in the Creation Basket. Similarly, only Authorized Purchasers may
redeem Shares and only in blocks of 100,000 Shares called Redemption
Baskets. The amount of the redemption proceeds for a Redemption Basket is
equal to the aggregate NAV of Shares in the Redemption Basket. The
purchase price for Creation Baskets and the redemption price for Redemption
Baskets are the actual NAV calculated at the end of the business day when a
request for a purchase or redemption is received by the Fund. The NYSE
Arca will publish an approximate NAV intra-day based on the prior day’s NAV and
the current price of the Benchmark Component Futures Contracts, but the price of
Creation Baskets and Redemption Baskets is determined based on the actual NAV
calculated at the end of each trading day.
While the
Fund issues Shares only in Creation Baskets, Shares may also be purchased and
sold in much smaller increments on the NYSE Arca. These transactions,
however, are effected at the bid and ask prices established by the specialist
firm(s). Like any listed security, Shares can be purchased and sold at any
time a secondary market is open.
The
Fund’s Investment Strategy
In
managing the Fund’s assets, the Sponsor does not use a technical trading system
that automatically issues buy and sell orders. Instead, each time one or
more baskets are purchased or redeemed, the Sponsor will purchase or sell Corn
Interests with an aggregate market value that approximates the amount of cash
received or paid upon the purchase or redemption of the basket(s).
As an
example, assume that a Creation Basket is sold by the Fund, and that the Fund’s
closing NAV per share is $25.00. In that case, the Fund would receive
$2,500,000 in proceeds from the sale of the Creation Basket ($25.00 NAV per
share multiplied by 100,000 Shares, and ignoring the Creation Basket fee of
$1,000). If one were to assume further that the Sponsor wants to invest
the entire proceeds from the Creation Basket in the Benchmark Component Futures
Contracts and that the market value of each such Benchmark Component Futures
Contracts is $20,600, the Fund would be unable to buy an exact number of Corn
Futures Contracts with an aggregate market value equal to $2,500,000.
Instead, the Fund would be able to purchase 121 Benchmark Component Futures
Contracts with an aggregate market value of $2,492,600. Assuming a margin
requirement equal to 10% of the value of the Corn Futures Contracts, the Fund
would be required to deposit $249,260 in Treasury Securities and cash with the
futures commission merchant through which the Corn Futures Contracts were
purchased. The remainder of the proceeds from the sale of the Creation
Basket, $2,250,740, would remain invested in
cash, cash equivalents, and Treasury Securities as determined by the Sponsor
from time to time based on factors such as potential calls for margin or
anticipated redemptions.
The
specific Corn Interests purchased will depend on various factors, including a
judgment by the Sponsor as to the appropriate diversification of the Fund’s
investments. While the Sponsor anticipates that a substantial majority of
its assets will be invested in CBOT Corn Futures Contracts and Cleared Corn
Swaps, for various reasons, including the ability to enter into the precise
amount of exposure to the corn market and position limits on Corn Futures
Contracts and Cleared Corn Swaps, it will also invest in Other Corn Interests,
including swaps other than Cleared Corn Swaps, in the over-the-counter market to
a potentially significant degree.
The
Sponsor does not anticipate letting its Corn Futures Contracts expire and taking
delivery of corn. Instead, the Sponsor will close out existing positions,
e.g., in response to ongoing changes in the Benchmark or if it otherwise
determines it would be appropriate to do so and reinvest the proceeds in new
Corn Interests. Positions may also be closed out to meet orders for
Redemption Baskets, in which case the proceeds from closing the positions will
not be reinvested.
Futures
Contracts
Futures
contracts are agreements between two parties. One party agrees to buy a
commodity such as corn from the other party at a later date at a price and
quantity agreed upon when the contract is made. In market terminology, a
party who purchases a futures contract is long in the market and a party who
sells a futures contract is short in the market. The contractual
obligations of a buyer or seller may generally be satisfied by taking or making
physical delivery of the underlying commodity or by making an offsetting sale or
purchase of an identical futures contract on the same or linked exchange before
the designated date of delivery. The difference between the price at which
the futures contract is purchased or sold and the price paid for the offsetting
sale or purchase, after allowance for brokerage commissions, constitutes the
profit or loss to the trader.
If the
price of the commodity increases after the original futures contract is entered
into, the buyer of the futures contract will generally be able to sell a futures
contract to close out its original long position at a price higher than that at
which the original contract was purchased, generally resulting in a profit to
the buyer. Conversely, the seller of a futures contract will generally
profit if the price of the underlying commodity decreases, as it will generally
be able to buy a futures contract to close out its original short position at a
price lower than that at the which the original contract was sold. Because
the Fund seeks to track the Benchmark directly and profit when the price of corn
and, as a likely result of an increase in the price of corn, the price of Corn
Futures Contracts increase, the Fund will generally be long in the market for
corn, and will generally sell Corn Futures Contracts only to close out existing
long positions.
Corn
Futures Contracts are traded on the CBOT in units of 5,000 bushels.
Generally, futures contracts traded on the CBOT are priced by floor brokers and
other exchange members both through an “open outcry” of offers to purchase or
sell the contracts and through an electronic, screen-based system that
determines the price by matching electronically offers to purchase and
sell. Futures contracts may also be based on commodity indices, in that
they call for a cash payment based on the change in the value of the specified
index during a specified period. No futures contracts based on an index of
corn prices are currently available, although the Fund could enter into such
contracts should they become available in the future.
Certain
typical and significant characteristics of Corn Futures Contracts are discussed
below. Additional risks of investing in Corn Futures Contracts are
included in “What are the Risk Factors Involved with an Investment in the
Fund?”
Impact
of Position Limits, Accountability Levels, and Price Fluctuation
Limits.
The CFTC
and U.S. designated contract markets such as the CBOT have established position
limits and accountability levels on the maximum net long or net short positions
in futures contracts in commodities that any person or group of persons under
common trading control (other than as a hedge, which an investment by the Fund
would not be) may hold, own or control. The net position is the difference
between an individual or firm’s open long contracts and open short contracts in
any one commodity. In addition, most U.S. futures exchanges, such as the
CBOT, limit the daily price fluctuation for futures contracts.
Position
limits generally impose a fixed ceiling on aggregate holdings in futures
contracts relating to a particular commodity, and may also impose separate
ceilings on contracts expiring in any one month, contracts expiring in the spot
month, and/or contracts in certain specified final days of trading. The
position limits currently established by the CFTC apply to certain agricultural
commodity interests, including Corn Futures Contracts. Specifically, the
CFTC’s position limits for Corn Futures Contracts (including related options)
are 600 spot month contracts, 13,500 contracts expiring in any other single
month, and 22,000 contracts for all months. All futures contracts held
under the control of the Sponsor, including those held by any future series of
the Trust, will be aggregated in determining the application of these position
limits. The Fund is new and is not expected to reach asset levels that
would cause these position limits to be implicated in the near future.
Assuming a contract price of $3.94 per bushel and that the Fund was fully
invested in Corn Futures Contracts, the position limit of 22,000 contracts total
would apply when the Fund’s assets reached approximately $433 million ($3.94 per
bushel times 5,000 bushels per contract times 22,000 contracts). If such
position limits become applicable to the Fund in the future, the Sponsor may
enter into for the Fund Other Corn Interests that are not subject to position
limits to a greater degree than would otherwise be the case. (There are
generally no position limits applicable to Other Corn Interests, except that
options on Corn Futures Contracts must be aggregated with the related Corn
Futures Contracts for purposes of the position limits on Corn Futures
Contracts. Cleared Corn Swaps are covered by separate position limits that
are similar to those covering Corn Futures Contracts.) In any event,
however, position limits could in certain circumstances effectively limit the
number of Creation Baskets that the Fund can sell.
In
contrast to position limits, accountability levels are not fixed ceilings, but
rather thresholds above which an exchange may exercise greater scrutiny and
control over an investor, including by imposing position limits on the
investor. In light of the position limits discussed above, the CBOT has
not set any accountability levels for Corn Futures Contracts.
Futures
exchanges, including the CBOT, also limit the amount of price fluctuation for
Corn Futures Contracts. For example, the CBOT imposes a $0.30 per bushel
($1,500 per contract) daily price fluctuation limit for Corn Futures
Contracts. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular Corn
Futures Contract, no trades may be made at a price beyond the limit. If
two or more Corn Futures Contract months within the first five listed non-spot
contracts close at the limit, the daily price limit increases to $0.45 per
bushel ($2,250 per contract) the next business day and to $0.70 per bushel
($3,500 per contract) the next business day. These limits are based off
the previous trading day’s settlement price.
Price
Volatility
Despite
daily price limits, the price volatility of futures contracts generally has been
historically greater than that for traditional securities such as stocks and
bonds. Price volatility often is greater day-to-day as opposed to
intra-day. Economic factors that may cause volatility in Corn Futures
Contracts include changes in interest rates; governmental, agricultural, trade,
fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies; weather and climate
conditions; changing supply and demand relationships; changes in balances of
payments and trade; U.S. and international rates of inflation; currency
devaluations and revaluations; U.S. and international political and economic
events; and changes in philosophies and emotions of market participants.
Because the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in futures
contracts, the assets of the Fund, and therefore the price of the Fund’s Shares,
may be subject to greater volatility than traditional securities.
Term
Structure of Futures Contracts and the Impact on Total Return
Several
factors determine the total return from investing in futures contracts.
Because the Fund must periodically “roll” futures contract positions, closing
out soon-to-expire contracts that are no longer part of the Benchmark and
entering into subsequent-to-expire contracts, one such factor is the price
relationship between soon-to-expire contracts and later-to-expire
contracts. For example, if market conditions are such that the prices of
soon-to-expire contracts are higher than later-to-expire contracts (a situation
referred to as “backwardation” in the futures market), then the price of
contracts will rise as they approach expiration. Conversely, if the price
of soon-to-expire contracts is lower than later-to-expire contracts (a situation
referred to as “contango” in the futures market), then absent a change in the
market the price of contracts will decline as they approach
expiration.
Over
time, the price of the corn will fluctuate based on a number of market factors,
including demand for corn relative to its supply. The value of Corn
Futures Contracts will likewise fluctuate in reaction to a number of market
factors. If investors seek to maintain their holdings in Corn Futures
Contracts with a roughly constant expiration profile and not take delivery of
the corn, they must on an ongoing basis sell their current positions as they
approach expiration and invest in later-to-expire contracts.
If the
futures market is in a state of backwardation (i.e., when the price of corn in
the future is expected to be less than the current price), the Fund will buy
later-to-expire contracts for a lower price than the sooner-to-expire contracts
that it sells. Hypothetically, and assuming no changes to either
prevailing corn prices or the price relationship between the spot price,
soon-to-expire contracts and later-to-expire contracts, the value of a contract
will rise as it approaches expiration, increasing the Fund’s total return
(ignoring the impact of commission costs and the interest earned on Treasury
Securities, cash and/or cash equivalents). As an example, assume that the
Fund owns 100 Corn Futures Contracts that have recently become spot month
contracts, that the price of spot month Corn Futures Contracts is $5 per bushel,
and the price of second-to-expire Corn Futures Contracts is $4.75 per
bushel. The Fund will close out the spot month Corn Futures Contracts at a
value of $2,500,000 (100 contracts multiplied by 5,000 bushels per contract
multiplied by $5), and will be able to enter into 105 second-to-expire Corn
Futures Contracts with the proceeds, representing an additional 25,000 bushels
of corn than it previously owned.
If the
futures market is in contango, the Fund will buy later-to-expire contracts for a
higher price than the sooner-to-expire contracts that it sells.
Hypothetically, and assuming no other changes to either prevailing corn prices
or the price relationship between the spot price, soon-to-expire contracts and
later-to-expire contracts, the value of a contract will fall as it approaches
expiration, decreasing the Fund’s total return (ignoring the impact of
commission costs and the interest earned on Treasury Securities, cash and/or
cash equivalents). As an example, assume the same facts as in the prior
paragraph except that the price of second-to-expire Corn Futures Contracts is
$5.25. The Fund will sell the spot month Corn Futures Contracts for
$2,500,000, and will be able to purchase only 95 second-to-expire Corn Futures
Contracts with the proceeds, representing 25,000 fewer bushels of corn than it
previously owned.
Historically,
the corn futures markets have experienced periods of both contango and
backwardation. Typically, whether contango or backwardation exists is
largely a function of the seasonality of the corn market and the corn harvest
cycle, as discussed above.
Marking-to-Market
Futures Positions
Futures
contracts are marked to market at the end of each trading day and the margin
required with respect to such contracts is adjusted accordingly. This
process of marking-to-market is designed to prevent losses from accumulating in
any futures account. Therefore, if the Fund’s futures positions have
declined in value, the Fund may be required to post “variation margin” to cover
this decline. Alternatively, if the Fund’s futures positions have
increased in value, this increase will be credited to the Fund’s
account.
Cleared
Corn Swaps
A swap
agreement is a bilateral contract to exchange a periodic stream of payments
determined by reference to a notional amount, with payment typically made
between the parties on a net basis. For instance, in the case of corn
swap, the Fund may be obligated to pay a fixed price per bushel of corn and be
entitled to receive an amount per bushel equal to the current value of an index
of corn prices, the price of a specified Corn Futures Contract, or the average
price of a group of Corn Futures Contracts such as the Benchmark.
The CFTC
recently issued an order that permits certain privately-negotiated agricultural
swap contracts, including certain types of corn swaps, to be cleared by the
CBOT’s affiliated provider of clearing services. The Fund expects to focus on
investments in these Cleared Corn Swaps, as well as Corn Futures Contracts,
rather than over-the-counter corn swaps. Cleared Corn Swaps are subject to
position limits that are substantially identical to, but measured separately
from, the positions limits applicable to Corn Futures Contracts.
Like Corn
Futures Contracts, Cleared Corn Swaps are standardized as to certain material
economic terms, including that each such swap be for a quantity of 5,000
bushels, which permits less flexibility in their structuring than with
over-the-counter Corn Interests. The two parties to a Cleared Corn Swap agree on
the specific fixed price component and the calendar month of expiration, and
agree to submit the Cleared Corn Swap to the clearing organization. The clearing
organization assumes the credit risk relating to the transaction, which
effectively eliminates the creditworthiness of the counterparty as a risk.
Unlike Corn Futures Contracts, Cleared Corn Swaps call for settlement in cash,
and do not permit settlement by delivery or receipt of physical
corn.
Over-the-Counter
Derivatives
In
addition to futures contracts, options on futures contracts and cleared swaps,
derivative contracts that are tied to various commodities, including corn, are
entered into outside of public exchanges. These “over-the-counter”
contracts are entered into between two parties in private contracts.
Unlike Corn Futures Contracts and Cleared Corn Swaps, which are guaranteed by a
clearing organization, each party to an over-the-counter derivative contract
bears the credit risk of the other party, i.e., the risk that the other
party will not be able to perform its obligations under its
contract.
Some
over-the-counter derivatives contracts contain relatively standardized terms and
conditions and are available from a wide range of participants. Others
have highly customized terms and conditions and are not as widely
available. While the Fund may enter into these more customized contracts,
the Fund will only enter into over-the-counter contracts containing certain
terms and conditions, as discussed further below, that are designed to minimize
the credit risk to which the Fund will be subject and only if the terms and
conditions of the contract are consistent with achieving the Fund’s investment
objective of closely tracking the Benchmark. The over-the-counter
contracts that the Fund may enter into will take the form of either forward
contracts or swaps.
A forward
contract is a contractual obligation to purchase or sell a specified quantity of
a commodity at or before a specified date in the future at a specified price
and, therefore, is economically similar to a futures contract. Unlike
futures contracts, however, forward contracts are typically traded in the
over-the-counter markets. In some instances such contracts may provide for
cash settlement instead of making or taking delivery of the underlying
commodity. Forward contracts for a given commodity are generally available
for various amounts and maturities and are subject to individual negotiation
between the parties involved. Moreover, generally there is no direct means
of offsetting or closing out a forward contract by taking an offsetting position
as one would a futures contract on a U.S. exchange. If a trader desires to
close out a forward contract position, he generally will establish an opposite
position in the contract but will settle and recognize the profit or loss on
both positions simultaneously on the delivery date. Thus, unlike in the
futures contract market where a trader who has offset positions will recognize
profit or loss immediately, in the forward market a trader with a position that
has been offset at a profit will generally not receive such profit until the
delivery date, and likewise a trader with a position that has been offset at a
loss will generally not have to pay money until the delivery date.
However, in some instances such contracts may provide a right of offset that
will allow for the receipt of profit and payment for losses prior to the
delivery date.
Like a
Cleared Corn Swap, an over-the-counter swap agreement is a bilateral contract to
exchange a periodic stream of payments determined by reference to a notional
amount, with payment typically made between the parties on a net basis.
For instance, in the case of a corn swap, the Fund may be obligated to pay a
fixed price per bushel of corn and be entitled to receive an amount per bushel
equal to the current value of an index of corn prices, the price of a specified
Corn Futures Contract, or the average price of a group of Corn Futures Contracts
such as the Benchmark. Unlike Cleared Corn Swaps, however, each party to
the swap is subject to the credit risk of the other party. The Fund will
only enter into over-the-counter swaps on a net basis, where the two payment
streams are netted out on a daily basis, with the parties receiving or paying,
as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Swaps do not
generally involve the delivery of underlying assets or principal.
Accordingly, the Fund’s risk of loss with respect to an over-the-counter swap
will generally be limited to the net amount of payments that the counterparty is
contractually obligated to make less any collateral deposits the Fund is
holding.
To reduce
the credit risk that arises in connection with over-the-counter contracts, the
Fund will generally enter into an agreement with each counterparty based on the
Master Agreement published by the International Swaps and Derivatives
Association, Inc. that provides for the netting of the Fund’s overall exposure
to its counterparty and for daily payments based on the marked to market value
of the contract.
The
creditworthiness of each potential counterparty will be assessed by the
Sponsor. The Sponsor will assess or review, as appropriate, the
creditworthiness of each potential or existing counterparty to an
over-the-counter contract pursuant to guidelines approved by the Sponsor.
The creditworthiness of existing counterparties will be reviewed
periodically by the Sponsor. The Sponsor’s President has over 25 years of
experience in over-the-counter derivatives trading, including the counterparty
creditworthiness analysis inherent therein, and the Sponsor’s Treasurer and
Secretary, through his prior experience as a Chief Financial Officer and
Treasurer, has extensive experience evaluating the creditworthiness of business
partners and counterparties to commercial and derivative contracts.
Notwithstanding this experience, there is no guarantee that the Sponsor’s
creditworthiness analysis will be successful and that counterparties selected
for Fund transactions will not default on their contractual
obligations.
The Fund
also may require that a counterparty be highly rated and/or provide collateral
or other credit support. The Sponsor on behalf of the Fund may enter into
over-the-counter contracts with various types of counterparties, including: (a)
banks regulated by a United States federal bank regulator, (b) broker-dealers
regulated by the SEC, (c) insurance companies domiciled in the United States,
(d) producers of corn such as farmers and related agricultural enterprises, (e)
users of corn such as producers of prepared food products and ethanol producers,
(f) any other person (including affiliates of any of the above) who are engaged
to a substantial degree in the business of trading commodities. Certain of
these types of counterparties will not be subject to regulation by the CFTC or
any other significant federal or state regulatory structure. While it is
the Sponsor’s preference to use regulated entities as counterparties, the
Sponsor will primarily consider creditworthiness in selecting counterparties
rather than the primary business of the prospective counterparty or the
regulatory structure to which it is subject.
Benchmark
Performance
See the
graph below under “Benchmark Performance” in the Statement of Additional
Information at the end of this prospectus.
The
Corn Market
Corn is
the most widely produced livestock feed grain in the United States, and the
majority of the United States’ corn crop is used in livestock feed. Corn
is also processed into food and industrial products, including starch,
sweeteners, corn oil, and beverage and industrial alcohol. Additionally,
corn is used in ethanol production.
The
United States is the world’s leading producer and exporter of corn.
Approximately 85% of U.S. produced corn is sold domestically, while
approximately 15% is exported. Corn grain represented approximately 12
percent of all U.S. agricultural exports by value during 2008.
Besides
the United States, other principal world corn exporters include Argentina and
China. Brazil, Ukraine, Romania, and South Africa also produce significant
corn exports in certain years.
Standard
Corn Futures Contracts trade on the CBOT in units of 5,000 bushels, although
1,000 bushel “mini-corn” Corn Futures Contracts also trade. Three grades
of corn are deliverable under CBOT Corn Futures Contracts: Number 1
yellow, which may be delivered at 1.5 cents over the contract price; Number 2
yellow, which may be delivered at the contract price; and Number 3 yellow, which
may be delivered at 1.5 cents under the contract price. There are five
months each year in which CBOT Corn Futures Contracts expire: March, May,
July, September and December.
The
Fund’s Investments in Treasury Securities, Cash and Cash
Equivalents
The Fund
seeks to have the aggregate “notional” amount of the Corn Interests it holds
approximate at all times the Fund’s aggregate NAV. At any given time,
however, most of the Fund’s investments will be in short-term Treasury
Securities, cash and/or cash equivalents that support the Fund’s positions in
Corn Interests. For example, the purchase of a Corn Futures Contract with
a stated or notional amount of $10 million would not require the Fund to pay $10
million upon entering into the contract; rather, only a margin deposit,
generally of 5%-10% of the notional amount, would be required. To secure
its Corn Futures Contract obligations, the Fund would deposit the required
margin with the futures commission merchant and would separately hold its
remaining assets through its Custodian in Treasury Securities, cash and/or cash
equivalents. Such remaining assets may be used to meet future margin
payments that the Fund is required to make on its Corn Futures Contracts.
Cleared Corn Swaps and Other Corn Interests typically also involve collateral
requirements that represent a small fraction of their notional amounts, so most
of the Fund’s assets dedicated to these Corn Interests will also be held in
Treasury Securities, cash and cash equivalents.
The Fund
earns interest income from the Treasury Securities and/or cash equivalents that
it purchases and on the cash it holds through the Custodian. The Sponsor
anticipates that the earned interest income will increase the Fund’s NAV.
The Fund applies the earned interest income to the acquisition of additional
investments or uses it to pay its expenses. If the Fund reinvests the
earned interest income, it makes investments that are consistent with its
investment objectives.
Any
Treasury Security and cash equivalent invested in by the Fund will have a
remaining maturity of less than one year at the time of investment, or will be
subject to a demand feature that enables that Fund to sell the security within
one year at approximately the security’s face value (plus accrued
interest). Any cash equivalents invested in by the Fund will be rated in
the highest short-term rating category by a nationally recognized statistical
rating organization or will be deemed by the Sponsor to be of comparable
quality.
Other
Trading Policies of the Fund
Exchange
For Risk
An
“exchange for risk” transaction, sometimes refers to a “exchange for swap” or
“exchange of futures for risk,” is a privately negotiated and simultaneous
exchange of a futures contract position for a swap or other over-the-counter
instrument on the corresponding commodity. An exchange for risk can be
used by the Fund as a technique to avoid taking physical delivery of corn, in
that a counterparty will take the Fund’s position in a Corn Futures Contract
into its own account in exchange for a swap that does not by its terms call for
physical delivery. The Fund will become subject to the credit risk of a
counterparty when it acquires an over-the-counter position in an exchange for
risk transaction.
Options
on Futures Contracts
In
addition to Corn Futures Contracts, there are also a number of options on Corn
Futures Contracts listed on the CBOT. These contracts offer investors and
hedgers another set of financial vehicles to use in managing exposure to the
commodities market. The Fund may purchase and sell (write) options on Corn
Futures Contracts in pursuing its investment objective, except that it will not
sell call options when it does not own the underlying Corn Futures
Contract. The Fund would make use of options on Corn Futures Contracts if,
in the opinion of the Sponsor, such an approach would cause the Fund to more
closely track its Benchmark or if it would lead to an overall lower cost of
trading to achieve a given level of economic exposure to movements in corn
prices.
Liquidity
The Fund
invests only in Corn Futures Contracts that, in the opinion of the Sponsor, are
traded in sufficient volume to permit the ready taking and liquidation of
positions in these financial interests and in over-the-counter Commodity
Interests that, in the opinion of the Sponsor, may be readily liquidated with
the original counterparty or through a third party assuming the Fund’s
position.
Spot
Commodities
While
most futures contracts can be physically settled, the Fund does not intend to
take or make physical delivery. However, the Fund may from time to time
trade in Other Corn Interests based on the spot price of corn.
Leverage
The
Sponsor endeavors to have the value of the Fund’s Treasury Securities, cash and
cash equivalents, whether held by the Fund or posted as margin or collateral, at
all times approximate the aggregate market value of its obligations under the
Fund’s Corn Interests.
Borrowings
Borrowings
are not used by the Fund unless it is required to borrow money in the event of
physical delivery, if it trades in cash commodities, or for short-term needs
created by unexpected redemptions. The Fund does not plan to establish
credit lines.
Pyramiding
The Fund
does not and will not employ the technique, commonly known as pyramiding, in
which the speculator uses unrealized profits on existing positions as variation
margin for the purchase or sale of additional positions in the same or another
commodity interest.
The
Service Providers
In its
capacity as the Fund’s custodian, the Custodian holds the Fund’s Treasury
Securities, cash and/or cash equivalents pursuant to a custodial
agreement. The Custodian is also the registrar and transfer agent for the
Fund’s Shares. In addition, the Custodian also serves as Administrator for
the Fund, performing certain administrative and accounting services and
preparing certain SEC and CFTC reports on behalf of the Fund. For these
services, the Fund pays fees to the Custodian as set forth in the table
below.
The
Custodian’s principal business address is One Wall Street, New York, New York
10286. The Custodian is a New York state chartered bank subject to
regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the New
York State Banking Department.
The Fund
also employs ALPS Distributors, Inc. as Marketing Agent, which is further
discussed under “Plan of Distribution” The Fund pays the Marketing Agent’s
fees as set forth in the table below. In no event may the aggregate
compensation paid to the Marketing Agent and any affiliate of the Marketing
Agent for distribution-related services in connection with the offering of
Shares exceed ten percent (10%) of the gross proceeds of the
offering.
The
Marketing Agent’s principal business address is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100,
Denver, Colorado 80203. The Marketing Agent is a broker-dealer registered
with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and a member of the Securities
Investor Protection Corporation.
Currently,
Newedge USA, LLC (“Newedge”) serves as the Fund’s clearing broker to execute and
clear the Fund’s futures transactions and provide other brokerage-related
services. Newedge USA’s affiliate, Newedge Alternative Strategies, Inc.
(“NAST”), may execute foreign exchange or other over-the-counter transactions
with the Fund as principal. Newedge USA and NAST are subsidiaries of
Newedge Group. Newedge is a futures commission merchant and broker-dealer
registered with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission. Newedge is a clearing member of all
principal futures exchanges located in the United States as well as a member of
the Chicago Board Options Exchange, International Securities Exchange, New York
Stock Exchange, Options Clearing Corporation, and Government Securities Clearing
Corporation. NAST is an eligible swap participant that is not registered
or required to be registered with the CFTC or the SEC, and is not a member of
any exchange.
Newedge
and NAST are headquartered at 550 W. Jackson, Suite 500, Chicago, IL 60661 with
branch offices in San Francisco, California; New York, New York; Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania; Kansas City, Missouri and Houston, Texas.
Prior to
January 2, 2008, Newedge USA was known as Fimat USA, LLC, while NAST was known
as Fimat Alternative Strategies Inc. On September 1, 2008, Newedge merged
with future commission merchant and broker-dealer Newedge Financial Inc. (“NFI”)
– formerly known as Calyon Financial Inc. Newedge was the surviving
entity.
In March
2008, NFI settled, without admitting or denying the allegations, a disciplinary
action brought by the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”) alleging that NFI
violated NYMEX rules related to: numbering and time stamping orders by failing
properly to record a floor order ticket; wash trading; failure to adequately
supervise employees; and violation of a prior NYMEX cease and desist order,
effective as of December 5, 2006, related to numbering and time stamping orders
and block trades. NFI paid a $100,000 fine to NYMEX in connection with
this settlement.
Other
than the foregoing proceeding, which did not have a material adverse effect upon
the financial condition of Newedge, there have been no material administrative,
civil or criminal actions brought, pending or concluded against Newedge, NAST or
their principals in the past five years.
None of
Newedge, NAST or any affiliate, officer, director or employee thereof have
passed on the merits of this prospectus or the offering of Shares, or given any
guarantee as to the performance or any other aspect of the Fund.
Newedge
is not affiliated with the Fund or the Sponsor. Therefore, the Sponsor and
the Fund do not believe that the Fund has any conflicts of interest with them or
their trading principals arising from their acting as the Fund’s futures
commission merchant. While Sal Gilbertie, the President of the Sponsor,
was previously employed by Newedge, he no longer receives any compensation from
Newedge and will not receive any share of the commissions paid to Newedge by the
Fund.
Currently,
the Sponsor does not employ commodity trading advisors. If, in the future,
the Sponsor does employ commodity trading advisors, it will choose each advisor
based on arm’s-length negotiations and will consider the advisor’s experience,
fees, and reputation.
Fees
to be Paid by the Fund
Fees
and Compensation Arrangements with the Sponsor and Non-Affiliated Service
Providers
Service Provider
|
|
Compensation Paid by the Fund
|
Teucrium Trading, LLC, Sponsor
|
|
1.00% of average net assets annually
|
The
Bank of New York Mellon, Custodian, Transfer Agent and
Administrator
|
|
For
custody services: 0.0075% of average gross assets up to $1 billion,
and 0.0050% of average gross assets over $1 billion, annually, plus
certain per-transaction charges
For
transfer agency services: 0.0075% of average gross assets
annually
For
administrative services: 0.05% of average gross assets up to $1
billion, 0.04% of average gross assets between $1 billion and $3 billion,
and 0.03% of average gross assets over $3 billion, annually
A
combined minimum annual fee of $125,000 for custody, transfer agency and
administrative services will be assessed.
|
|
|
|
ALPS
Distributors, Inc., Marketing Agent
|
|
0.10%
of average net assets annually, with a minimum annual fee of
$100,000
|
Newedge
USA, LLC, Futures Commission Merchant and Clearing Broker
|
|
$4.00
per Corn Futures Contract purchase or sale
|
Wilmington
Trust Company, Trustee
|
|
$3,000
annually
|
Asset-based
fees are calculated on a daily basis (accrued at 1/365 of the applicable
percentage of NAV on that day) and paid on a monthly basis. NAV is
calculated by taking the current market value of the Fund’s total assets and
subtracting any liabilities.
Form
of Shares
Registered
Form
Shares
are issued in registered form in accordance with the Trust Agreement. The
Custodian has been appointed registrar and transfer agent for the purpose of
transferring Shares in certificated form. The Custodian keeps a record of
all Shareholders and holders of the Shares in certificated form in the registry
(“Register”). The Sponsor recognizes transfers of Shares in certificated
form only if done in accordance with the Trust Agreement. The beneficial
interests in such Shares are held in book-entry form through participants and/or
accountholders in DTC.
Book
Entry
Individual
certificates are not issued for the Shares. Instead, Shares are
represented by one or more global certificates, which are deposited by the
Administrator with DTC and registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee
for DTC. The global certificates evidence all of the Shares outstanding at
any time. Shareholders are limited to (1) participants in DTC such as
banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies (“DTC Participants”), (2) those who
maintain, either directly or indirectly, a custodial relationship with a DTC
Participant (“Indirect Participants”), and (3) those who hold interests in the
Shares through DTC Participants or Indirect Participants, in each case who
satisfy the requirements for transfers of Shares. DTC Participants acting
on behalf of investors holding Shares through such participants’ accounts in DTC
will follow the delivery practice applicable to securities eligible for DTC’s
Same-Day Funds Settlement System. Shares are credited to DTC Participants’
securities accounts following confirmation of receipt of
payment.
DTC
DTC has
advised us as follows: It is a limited purpose trust company organized
under the laws of the State of New York and is a member of the Federal Reserve
System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform
Commercial Code and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of
Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC holds securities for DTC Participants
and facilitates the clearance and settlement of transactions between DTC
Participants through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of DTC
Participants.
Transfer
of Shares
The
Shares are only transferable through the book-entry system of DTC.
Shareholders who are not DTC Participants may transfer their Shares through DTC
by instructing the DTC Participant holding their Shares (or by instructing the
Indirect Participant or other entity through which their Shares are held) to
transfer the Shares. Transfers are made in accordance with standard
securities industry practice.
Transfers
of interests in Shares with DTC are made in accordance with the usual rules and
operating procedures of DTC and the nature of the transfer. DTC has
established procedures to facilitate transfers among the participants and/or
accountholders of DTC. Because DTC can only act on behalf of DTC
Participants, who in turn act on behalf of Indirect Participants, the ability of
a person or entity having an interest in a global certificate to pledge such
interest to persons or entities that do not participate in DTC, or otherwise
take actions in respect of such interest, may be affected by the lack of a
certificate or other definitive document representing such
interest.
DTC has
advised us that it will take any action permitted to be taken by a Shareholder
(including, without limitation, the presentation of a global certificate for
exchange) only at the direction of one or more DTC Participants in whose account
with DTC interests in global certificates are credited and only in respect of
such portion of the aggregate principal amount of the global certificate as to
which such DTC Participant or Participants has or have given such
direction.
Inter-Series
Limitation on Liability
Because
the Trust was established as a Delaware statutory trust, the Fund and each other
series established under the Trust will be operated so that it will be liable
only for obligations attributable to such series and will not be liable for
obligations of any other series or affected by losses of any other series.
If any creditor or Shareholder of any particular series (such as the Fund)
asserts against the series a valid claim with respect to its indebtedness or
Shares, the creditor or shareholder will only be able to obtain recovery from
the assets of that series and not from the assets of any other series or the
Trust generally. The assets of the Fund and any other series will include
only those funds and other assets that are paid to, held by or distributed to
the series on account of and for the benefit of that series, including, without
limitation, amounts delivered to the Trust for the purchase of Shares in a
series. This limitation on liability is referred to as the Inter-Series
Limitation on Liability. The Inter-Series Limitation on Liability is
expressly provided for under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, which provides
that if certain conditions (as set forth in Section 3804(a)) are met, then the
debts of any particular series will be enforceable only against the assets of
such series and not against the assets of any other series or the Trust
generally. In furtherance of the Inter-Series Limitation on Liability,
every party providing services to the Trust, the Fund or the Sponsor on behalf
of the Trust or the Fund, will acknowledge and consent in writing to the
Inter-Series Limitation on Liability with respect to such party’s
claims.
The
existence of a Trustee should not be taken as an indication of any additional
level of management or supervision over the Fund. Consistent with Delaware
law, the Trustee acts in an entirely passive role, delegating all authority for
the management and operation of the Fund and the Trust to the Sponsor. The
Trustee does not provide custodial services with respect to the assets of the
Fund.
Plan
of Distribution
Buying
and Selling Shares
Most
investors buy and sell Shares of the Fund in secondary market transactions
through brokers. Shares trade on the NYSE Arca under the ticker symbol
“CORN.” Shares are bought and sold throughout the trading day like other
publicly traded securities. When buying or selling Shares through a
broker, most investors incur customary brokerage commissions and charges.
Investors are encouraged to review the terms of their brokerage account for
details on applicable charges and, as discussed below under “U.S. Federal Income
Tax Considerations,” any provisions authorizing the broker to borrow Shares held
on your behalf.
Marketing
Agent and Authorized Purchasers
The
offering of the Fund’s Shares is a best efforts offering. The Fund will
continuously offer Creation Baskets consisting of 100,000 Shares at their NAV
through the Marketing Agent, to Authorized Purchasers. Merrill Lynch
Professional Clearing Corp. is expected to be the initial Authorized
Purchaser. It is expected that on the effective date, the initial
Authorized Purchaser will purchase one or more initial Creation Baskets of
100,000 Shares at the initial NAV of $25.00 per Share. The initial NAV of
$25.00 was set as an appropriate and convenient price that would facilitate
secondary market trading of Shares, and the Shares of the Fund acquired by the
Sponsor in connection with its initial capital contribution were purchased at a
price of $25.00 per Share. All Authorized Purchasers pay a $1,000 fee for
each order to create one or more Creation Baskets, regardless of the number of
Creation Baskets in the order.
The
Marketing Agent will receive, for its services as marketing agent to the Fund, a
fee at an annual rate of 0.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets, subject
to a minimum annual fee of $100,000; provided, however, that in no event may the
aggregate compensation paid to the Marketing Agent and any affiliate of the
Marketing Agent for distribution-related services in connection with this
offering of Shares exceed 10 percent (10%) of the gross proceeds of this
offering. The maximum compensation the Marketing Agent may receive over
the expected two year period of this offering is estimated to be
$1,500,000. This estimate assumes that: (1) all Shares being
registered are sold on the first day of the offering at a price equal
to the closing NAV on that day ($25.00); and (2) the value of the
Fund's net assets remain constant throughout the period.
This actual compensation received by the Marketing Agent may vary.
The actual compensation could be lower if the NAV of the Shares declines or
if, as is likely, the full number of Shares being registered is not sold on
the first day of the offering, and could be higher if the NAV of the Shares
increases.
In
exchange for its fees, the Marketing Agent will develop an overall sales and
marketing plan for the Fund, supervise sales-related activities, and participate
in field sales activities. The Marketing Agent Agreement among the
Marketing Agent, the Sponsor and the Trust calls for the Marketing Agent to
provide a shared National Accounts Manager, shared external and internal
wholesalers, and call center support for the Fund.
The
offering of baskets is being made in compliance with Conduct Rule 2310 of
FINRA. Accordingly, Authorized Purchasers will not make any sales to any
account over which they have discretionary authority without the prior written
approval of a purchaser of Shares.
The per
share price of Shares offered in Creation Baskets on any subsequent day will be
the total NAV of the Fund calculated shortly after the close of the NYSE Arca on
that day divided by the number of issued and outstanding Shares. An
Authorized Purchaser is not required to sell any specific number or dollar
amount of Shares.
By
executing an Authorized Purchaser Agreement, an Authorized Purchaser becomes
part of the group of parties eligible to purchase baskets from, and put baskets
for redemption to, the Fund. An Authorized Purchaser is under no
obligation to create or redeem baskets or to offer to the public Shares of any
baskets it does create. If an Authorized Purchaser
sells Shares that it has created to the public, it will be expected to sell them
at per-Share offering prices that reflect, among other factors, the trading
price of the Shares on the NYSE Arca, the NAV of the Fund at the time the
Authorized Purchaser purchased the Creation Baskets and the NAV at the time of
the offer of the Shares to the public, the supply of and demand for Shares at
the time of sale, and the liquidity of the Corn Interest markets. The
prices of Shares offered by Authorized Purchasers are expected to fall between
the Fund’s NAV and the trading price of the Shares on the NYSE Arca at the time
of sale.
We expect
the initial Authorized Purchaser to be Merrill Lynch Professional Clearing
Corp., and we expect that there will be additional Authorized Purchasers in the
future. A list of Authorized Purchasers will be available from the
Marketing Agent. Because new Shares can be created and issued on an
ongoing basis, at any point during the life of the Fund, a “distribution,” as
such term is used in the 1933 Act, will be occurring. Authorized
Purchasers, other broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some of
their activities may result in their being deemed participants in a distribution
in a manner that would render them statutory underwriters and subject them to
the prospectus-delivery and liability provisions of the 1933 Act. For
example, the initial Authorized Purchaser will be a statutory underwriter with
respect to the initial purchase of Creation Baskets. In addition, an
Authorized Purchaser, other broker-dealer firm or its client will be deemed a
statutory underwriter if it purchases a basket from the Fund, breaks the basket
down into the constituent Shares and sells the Shares to its customers; or if it
chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling
effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for the Shares.
In this regard, the excess, if any, of the price at which an Authorized
Purchaser sells a Share over the price paid by such Authorized Purchaser in
connection with the creation of such Share in a Creation Basket may be deemed to
be underwriting compensation. In contrast, Authorized Purchasers may
engage in secondary market or other transactions in Shares that would not be
deemed “underwriting.” For example, an Authorized Purchaser may act in the
capacity of a broker or dealer with respect to Shares that were previously
distributed by other Authorized Purchasers. A determination of whether a
particular market participant is an underwriter must take into account all the
facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its
client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be
considered a complete description of all the activities that would lead to
designation as an underwriter and subject them to the prospectus-delivery and
liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
Dealers
who are neither Authorized Purchasers nor “underwriters” but are nonetheless
participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary trading
transactions), and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an “unsold
allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the 1933 Act, would be
unable to take advantage of the prospectus-delivery exemption provided by
Section 4(3) of the 1933 Act.
The
Sponsor expects that any broker-dealers selling Shares will be members of
FINRA. Investors intending to create or redeem baskets through Authorized
Purchasers in transactions not involving a broker-dealer registered in such
investor’s state of domicile or residence should consult their legal advisor
regarding applicable broker-dealer regulatory requirements under the state
securities laws prior to such creation or redemption.
While the
Authorized Purchasers may be indemnified by the Sponsor, they will not be
entitled to receive a discount or commission from the Trust or the Sponsor for
their purchases of Creation Baskets.
The
Flow of Shares
Calculating
NAV
The
Fund’s NAV is calculated by:
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Taking
the current market value of its total assets,
and
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Subtracting
any liabilities.
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The
Administrator will calculate the NAV of the Fund once each trading day. It
will calculate NAV as of the earlier of the close of the New York Stock
Exchange or 4:00 p.m. New York time. The NAV for a particular trading day
will be released after 4:15 p.m. New York time.
In
determining the value of Corn Futures Contracts, the Administrator will use the
CBOT closing price (typically 2:15 p.m. New York time). The Administrator
will determine the value of all other Fund investments as of the earlier of the
close of the New York Stock Exchange or 4:00 p.m. New York time, in accordance
with the current Services Agreement between the Administrator and the
Trust. The value of Cleared Corn Swaps and over-the-counter Corn Interests
will be determined based on the value of the commodity or Futures Contract
underlying such Corn Interest, except that a fair value may be determined if the
Sponsor believes that the Fund is subject to significant credit risk relating to
the counterparty to such Corn Interest. Treasury Securities held by the
Fund will be valued by the Administrator using values received from recognized
third-party vendors (such as Reuters) and dealer quotes. NAV will include
any unrealized profit or loss on open Corn Interests and any other credit or
debit accruing to the Fund but unpaid or not received by the Fund.
In
addition, in order to provide updated information relating to the Fund for use
by investors and market professionals, NYSE Arca will calculate and disseminate
throughout the trading day an updated “indicative fund value.” The
indicative fund value is calculated by using the prior day’s closing NAV per
share of the Fund as a base and updating that value throughout the trading day
to reflect changes in the value of the Fund’s Corn Interests during the trading
day. Changes in the value of Treasury Securities and cash equivalents will
not be included in the calculation of indicative value. For this and other
reasons, the indicative fund value disseminated during NYSE Arca trading hours
should not be viewed as an actual real time update of the NAV. NAV is
calculated only once at the end of each trading day.
The
indicative fund value will be disseminated on a per Share basis every 15 seconds
during regular NYSE Arca trading hours of 9:30 a.m. New York time to 4:00 p.m.
New York time. The
normal trading hours for Corn Futures Contracts on the CBOT are 10:30 a.m. New
York time to 2:15 p.m. New York time. This means that there is a gap in
time at the beginning and the end of each day during which the Fund’s Shares are
traded on the NYSE Arca, but real-time CBOT trading prices for Corn Futures
Contracts traded on such Exchange are not available. As a result, during
those gaps there will be no update to the indicative fund value.
The NYSE
Arca will disseminate the indicative fund value through the facilities of CTA/CQ
High Speed Lines. In addition, the indicative fund value is published on
the NYSE Arca’s website and is available through on-line information services
such as Bloomberg and Reuters.
Dissemination
of the indicative fund value provides additional information that is not
otherwise available to the public and is useful to investors and market
professionals in connection with the trading of Fund Shares on the NYSE
Arca. Investors and market professionals are able throughout the trading
day to compare the market price of the Fund and the indicative fund value.
If the market price of Fund Shares diverges significantly from the indicative
fund value, market professionals will have an incentive to execute arbitrage
trades. For example, if the Fund appears to be trading at a discount
compared to the indicative fund value, a market professional could buy Fund
Shares on the NYSE Arca, aggregate them into Redemption Baskets, and receive the
NAV of such Shares by redeeming them to the Trust. Such arbitrage trades
can tighten the tracking between the market price of the Fund and the indicative
fund value and thus can be beneficial to all market participants.
Creation
and Redemption of Shares
The Fund
creates and redeems Shares from time to time, but only in one or more Creation
Baskets or Redemption Baskets. The creation and redemption of baskets are
only made in exchange for delivery to the Fund or the distribution by the Fund
of the amount of Treasury Securities and/or cash equal to the combined NAV of
the number of Shares included in the baskets being created or redeemed
determined as of 4:00 p.m. New York time on the day the order to create or
redeem baskets is properly received.
Authorized
Purchasers are the only persons that may place orders to create and redeem
baskets. Authorized Purchasers must be (1) either registered
broker-dealers or other securities market participants, such as banks and other
financial institutions, that are not required to register as broker-dealers to
engage in securities transactions as described below, and (2) DTC
Participants. To become an Authorized Purchaser, a person must enter into
an Authorized Purchaser Agreement with the Sponsor. The Authorized
Purchaser Agreement provides the procedures for the creation and redemption of
baskets and for the delivery of the Treasury Securities and/or cash required for
such creations and redemptions. The procedures may be amended by the
Sponsor, without the consent of any Shareholder or Authorized Purchaser.
Authorized Purchasers pay a transaction fee of $1,000 to the Sponsor for each
order they place to create or redeem one or more baskets. Authorized
Purchasers who make deposits with the Fund in exchange for baskets receive no
fees, commissions or other form of compensation or inducement of any kind from
either the Trust or the Sponsor, and no such person will have any obligation or
responsibility to the Trust or the Sponsor to effect any sale or resale of
Shares.
Certain
Authorized Purchasers are expected to be capable of participating directly in
the physical corn and the Corn Interest markets. Some Authorized
Purchasers or their affiliates may from time to time buy or sell corn or Corn
Interests and may profit in these instances. The Sponsor believes that the
size and operation of the corn market make it unlikely that Authorized
Purchasers’ direct activities in the corn or securities markets will
significantly affect the price of corn, Corn Interests, or the Fund’s
Shares.
Each
Authorized Purchaser will be required to be registered as a broker-dealer under
the Exchange Act and a member in good standing with FINRA, or exempt from being
or otherwise not required to be registered as a broker-dealer or a member of
FINRA, and will be qualified to act as a broker or dealer in the states or other
jurisdictions where the nature of its business so requires. Certain
Authorized Purchasers may also be regulated under federal and state banking laws
and regulations. Each Authorized Purchaser has its own set of rules and
procedures, internal controls and information barriers as it determines is
appropriate in light of its own regulatory regime.
Under the
Authorized Purchaser Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to indemnify the
Authorized Purchasers against certain liabilities, including liabilities under
the 1933 Act, and to contribute to the payments the Authorized Purchasers may be
required to make in respect of those liabilities.
The
following description of the procedures for the creation and redemption of
baskets is only a summary and an investor should refer to the relevant
provisions of the Trust Agreement and the form of Authorized Purchaser Agreement
for more detail, each of which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More
Information” for information about where you can obtain the registration
statement.
Creation
Procedures
On any
business day, an Authorized Purchaser may place an order with the Custodian to
create one or more baskets. For purposes of processing purchase and
redemption orders, a “business day” means any day other than a day when any of
the NYSE Arca, the CBOT or the New York Stock Exchange is closed for regular
trading. Purchase orders must be placed by 1:15 p.m. New York time or the
close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is
earlier. The day on which the Custodian receives a valid purchase order is
referred to as the purchase order date.
By
placing a purchase order, an Authorized Purchaser agrees to deposit Treasury
Securities, cash or a combination of Treasury Securities and cash with the
Trust, as described below. Prior to the delivery of baskets for a purchase
order, the Authorized Purchaser must also have wired to the Custodian the
non-refundable transaction fee due for the purchase order. Authorized
Purchasers may not withdraw a creation request.
Determination
of Required Deposits
The total
deposit required to create each basket (“Creation Basket Deposit”) is the amount
of Treasury Securities and/or cash that is in the same proportion to the total
assets of the Fund (net of estimated accrued but unpaid fees, expenses and other
liabilities) on the purchase order date as the number of Shares to be created
under the purchase order is in proportion to the total number of Shares
outstanding on the purchase order date. The Sponsor determines, directly
in its sole discretion or in consultation with the Custodian, the requirements
for Treasury Securities and cash, including the remaining maturities of the
Treasury Securities and proportions of Treasury Securities and cash, that will
be included in deposits to create baskets. The Marketing Agent will
publish an estimate of the Creation Basket Deposit requirements at the beginning
of each business day.
Delivery
of Required Deposits
An
Authorized Purchaser who places a purchase order is responsible for transferring
to the Fund’s account with the Custodian the required amount of Treasury
Securities and/or cash by the end of the next business day following the
purchase order date or by the end of such later business day, not to exceed
three business days after the purchase order date, as agreed to between the
Authorized Purchaser and the Custodian when the purchase order is placed (the
“Purchase Settlement Date”). Upon receipt of the deposit amount, the
Custodian will direct DTC to credit the number of baskets ordered to the
Authorized Purchaser’s DTC account on the Purchase Settlement Date.
Because
orders to purchase baskets must be placed by 1:15 p.m., New York time, but the
total payment required to create a basket during the continuous offering period
will not be determined until 4:00 p.m., New York time, on the date the purchase
order is received, Authorized Purchasers will not know the total amount of the
payment required to create a basket at the time they submit an irrevocable
purchase order for the basket. The Fund’s NAV and the total amount of the
payment required to create a basket could rise or fall substantially between the
time an irrevocable purchase order is submitted and the time the amount of the
purchase price in respect thereof is determined.
Rejection
of Purchase Orders
The
Sponsor acting by itself or through the Marketing Agent or Custodian may reject
a purchase order or a Creation Basket Deposit if:
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it
determines that, due to position limits or otherwise, investment
alternatives that will enable the Fund to meet its investment objective
are not available or practicable at that
time;
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it
determines that the purchase order or the Creation Basket Deposit is not
in proper form;
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it
believes that acceptance of the purchase order or the Creation Basket
Deposit would have adverse tax consequences to the Fund or its
Shareholders;
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the
acceptance or receipt of the Creation Basket Deposit would, in the opinion
of counsel to the Sponsor, be unlawful;
or
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circumstances
outside the control of the Sponsor, Marketing Agent or Custodian make it,
for all practical purposes, not feasible to process creations of
baskets.
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None of
the Sponsor, Marketing Agent or Custodian will be liable for the rejection of
any purchase order or Creation Basket Deposit.
Redemption
Procedures
The
procedures by which an Authorized Purchaser can redeem one or more baskets
mirror the procedures for the creation of baskets. On any business day, an
Authorized Purchaser may place an order with the Custodian to redeem one or more
baskets. Redemption orders must be placed by 1:15 p.m. New York time or
the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange, whichever is
earlier. A redemption order so received will be effective on the date it
is received in satisfactory form by the Custodian. The redemption
procedures allow Authorized Purchasers to redeem baskets and do not entitle an
individual Shareholder to redeem any Shares in an amount less than a Redemption
Basket, or to redeem baskets other than through an Authorized Purchaser.
By placing a redemption order, an Authorized Purchaser agrees to deliver the
baskets to be redeemed through DTC’s book-entry system to the Fund by the end of
the next business day following the effective date of the redemption order or by
the end of such later business day, not to exceed three business days after the
effective date of the redemption order, as agreed to between the Authorized
Purchaser and the Custodian when the redemption order is placed (the “Redemption
Settlement Date”). Prior to the delivery of the redemption distribution
for a redemption order, the Authorized Purchaser must also have wired to the
Sponsor’s account at the Custodian the non-refundable transaction fee due for
the redemption order. An Authorized Purchaser may not withdraw a
redemption order.
Determination
of Redemption Distribution
The
redemption distribution from the Fund will consist of a transfer to the
redeeming Authorized Purchaser of an amount of Treasury Securities and/or cash
that is in the same proportion to the total assets of the Fund (net of estimated
accrued but unpaid fees, expenses and other liabilities) on the date the order
to redeem is properly received as the number of Shares to be redeemed under the
redemption order is in proportion to the total number of Shares outstanding on
the date the order is received. The Sponsor, directly or in
consultation with the Custodian, determines the requirements for Treasury
Securities and cash, including the remaining maturities of the Treasury
Securities and proportions of Treasury Securities and cash, that may be included
in distributions to redeem baskets. The Custodian will publish an
estimate of the redemption distribution per basket as of the beginning of each
business day.
Delivery
of Redemption Distribution
The
redemption distribution due from the Fund will be delivered to the Authorized
Purchaser on the Redemption Settlement Date if the Fund’s DTC account has been
credited with the baskets to be redeemed. If the Fund’s DTC account
has not been credited with all of the baskets to be redeemed by the end of such
date, the redemption distribution will be delivered to the extent of whole
baskets received. Any remainder of the redemption distribution will
be delivered on the next business day after the Redemption Settlement Date to
the extent of remaining whole baskets received if the Sponsor receives the fee
applicable to the extension of the Redemption Settlement Date which the Sponsor
may, from time to time, determine and the remaining baskets to be redeemed are
credited to the Fund’s DTC account on such next business day. Any
further outstanding amount of the redemption order shall be
cancelled. Pursuant to information from the Sponsor, the Custodian
will also be authorized to deliver the redemption distribution notwithstanding
that the baskets to be redeemed are not credited to the Fund’s DTC account by
the Redemption Settlement Date if the Authorized Purchaser has collateralized
its obligation to deliver the baskets through DTC’s book entry-system on such
terms as the Sponsor may from time to time determine.
Suspension
or Rejection of Redemption Orders
The
Sponsor may, in its discretion, suspend the right of redemption, or postpone the
redemption settlement date, (1) for any period during which the NYSE Arca or the
CBOT is closed other than customary weekend or holiday closings, or trading on
the NYSE Arca or the CBOT is suspended or restricted, (2) for any period during
which an emergency exists as a result of which delivery, disposal or evaluation
of Treasury Securities is not reasonably practicable, or (3) for such other
period as the Sponsor determines to be necessary for the protection of the
Shareholders. For example, the Sponsor may determine that it is
necessary to suspend redemptions to allow for the orderly liquidation of the
Fund’s assets at an appropriate value to fund a redemption. If the
Sponsor has difficulty liquidating the Fund’s positions, e.g., because of a
market disruption event in the futures markets or an unanticipated delay in the
liquidation of a position in an over-the-counter contract, it may be appropriate
to suspend redemptions until such time as such circumstances are
rectified. None of the Sponsor, the Marketing Agent, or the Custodian
will be liable to any person or in any way for any loss or damages that may
result from any such suspension or postponement.
Redemption
orders must be made in whole baskets. The Sponsor will reject a redemption order
if the order is not in proper form as described in the Authorized Purchaser
Agreement or if the fulfillment of the order, in the opinion of its counsel,
might be unlawful. The Sponsor may also reject a redemption order if
the number of Shares being redeemed would reduce the remaining outstanding
Shares to 100,000 Shares (i.e., one basket) or less, unless the Sponsor has
reason to believe that the placer of the redemption order does in fact possess
all the outstanding Shares and can deliver them.
Creation
and Redemption Transaction Fee
To
compensate the Sponsor for its expenses in connection with the creation and
redemption of baskets, an Authorized Purchaser is required to pay a transaction
fee to the Sponsor of $1,000 per order to create or redeem baskets, regardless
of the number of baskets in such order. The transaction fee may be
reduced, increased or otherwise changed by the Sponsor. The Sponsor
shall notify DTC of any change in the transaction fee and will not implement any
increase in the fee for the redemption of baskets until 30 days after the date
of the notice.
Tax
Responsibility
Authorized
Purchasers are responsible for any transfer tax, sales or use tax, stamp tax,
recording tax, value added tax or similar tax or governmental charge applicable
to the creation or redemption of baskets, regardless of whether or not such tax
or charge is imposed directly on the Authorized Purchaser, and agree to
indemnify the Sponsor and the Fund if they are required by law to pay any such
tax, together with any applicable penalties, additions to tax and interest
thereon.
Secondary
Market Transactions
As noted,
the Fund will create and redeem Shares from time to time, but only in one or
more Creation Baskets or Redemption Baskets. The creation and
redemption of baskets are only made in exchange for delivery to the Fund or the
distribution by the Fund of the amount of Treasury Securities and/or cash equal
to the aggregate NAV of the number of Shares included in the baskets being
created or redeemed determined on the day the order to create or redeem baskets
is properly received.
As
discussed above, Authorized Purchasers are the only persons that may place
orders to create and redeem baskets. Authorized Purchasers must be
registered broker-dealers or other securities market participants, such as banks
and other financial institutions that are not required to register as
broker-dealers to engage in securities transactions. An Authorized
Purchaser is under no obligation to create or redeem baskets, and an Authorized
Purchaser is under no obligation to offer to the public Shares of any baskets it
does create. Authorized Purchasers that do offer to the public Shares
from the baskets they create will do so at per-Share offering prices that are
expected to reflect, among other factors, the trading price of the Shares on the
NYSE Arca, the NAV of the Shares at the time the Authorized Purchaser purchased
the Creation Baskets, the NAV of the Shares at the time of the offer of the
Shares to the public, the supply of and demand for Shares at the time of sale,
and the liquidity of the Corn Interest markets. The prices of Shares
offered by Authorized Purchasers are expected to fall between the Fund’s NAV and
the trading price of the Shares on the NYSE Arca at the time of
sale. Shares initially comprising the same basket but offered by
Authorized Purchasers to the public at different times may have different
offering prices. An order for one or more baskets may be placed by an
Authorized Purchaser on behalf of multiple clients. Shares are
expected to trade in the secondary market on the NYSE Arca. Shares
may trade in the secondary market at prices that are lower or higher relative to
their NAV per Share. The amount of the discount or premium in the
trading price relative to the NAV per Share may be influenced by various
factors, including the number of investors who seek to purchase or sell Shares
in the secondary market and the liquidity of the Corn Interest
markets. While the Shares trade on the NYSE Arca until 4:00 p.m. New
York time, liquidity in the markets for Corn Interests may be reduced after the
close of the CBOT at 2:15 p.m. New York time. As a result, during
this time, trading spreads, and the resulting premium or discount, on the Shares
may widen.
Use
of Proceeds
The
Sponsor will cause the Fund to transfer the proceeds of the sale of Creation
Baskets to the Custodian or another custodian for use in trading
activities. The Sponsor will invest the Fund’s assets in Corn Futures
Contracts, Cleared Corn Swaps and Other Corn Interests, short-term Treasury
Securities, cash and cash equivalents. When the Fund purchases Corn
Futures Contracts and certain Other Corn Interests that are exchange-traded, the
Fund will be required to deposit with the futures commission merchant on behalf
of the exchange a portion of the value of the contract or other interest as
security to ensure payment for the obligation under the Corn Interests at
maturity. This deposit is known as initial
margin. Counterparties in transactions in Cleared Corn Swaps and
over-the-counter Corn Interests will generally impose similar collateral
requirements on the Fund. The Sponsor will invest the Fund’s assets
that remain after margin and collateral is posted in short-term Treasury
Securities, cash and/or cash equivalents. Subject to these margin and
collateral requirements, the Sponsor has sole authority to determine the
percentage of assets that will be:
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held
as margin or collateral with futures commission merchants or other
custodians;
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used
for other investments; and
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held
in bank accounts to pay current obligations and as
reserves.
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In
general, the Fund expects that it will be required to post between 5% and 10% of
the notional amount of a Corn Interest as initial margin when entering into such
Corn Interest. Ongoing margin and collateral payments will generally
be required for both exchange-traded and over-the-counter Corn Interests based
on changes in the value of the Corn Interests. Furthermore, ongoing
collateral requirements with respect to over-the-counter Corn Interests are
negotiated by the parties, and may be affected by overall market volatility,
volatility of the underlying commodity or index, the ability of the counterparty
to hedge its exposure under the Corn Interest, and each party’s
creditworthiness. In light of the differing requirements for initial
payments under exchange-traded and over-the-counter Corn Interests and the
fluctuating nature of ongoing margin and collateral payments, it is not possible
to estimate what portion of the Fund’s assets will be posted as margin or
collateral at any given time. The Treasury Securities, cash and cash
equivalents held by the Fund will constitute reserves that will be available to
meet ongoing margin and collateral requirements. All interest income
will be used for the Fund’s benefit.
A futures
commission merchant, counterparty, government agency or commodity exchange could
increase margin or collateral requirements applicable to the Fund to hold
trading positions at any time. Moreover, margin is merely a security
deposit and has no bearing on the profit or loss potential for any positions
held.
The
Fund’s assets will be held in segregation pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act
and CFTC regulations.
Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
Critical
Accounting Policies
Preparation
of the financial statements and related disclosures in compliance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires the
application of appropriate accounting rules and guidance, as well as the use of
estimates. The Trust’s application of these policies involves
judgments and actual results may differ from the estimates used.
The
Sponsor has evaluated the nature and types of estimates that it will make in
preparing the Fund’s financial statements and related disclosures once the Fund
commences operations. The Sponsor has determined that the valuation
of Corn Interests that are not traded on a U.S. or internationally recognized
futures exchange (such as swaps and other over-the-counter contracts) involves a
critical accounting policy. While not currently applicable given the
fact that the Fund is not currently involved in trading activities, the
Administrator will use the CBOT closing price to determine the value of Corn
Futures Contracts, and will determine the value of Cleared Corn Swaps and
over-the-counter Corn Interests based on the value of the commodity or Futures
Contract underlying such Corn Interest, except that a fair value may be
determined if the Sponsor believes that the Fund is subject to significant
credit risk relating to the counterparty to such Corn Interest. Values will be
determined on a daily basis.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
The Fund
does not anticipate making use of borrowings or other lines of credit to meet
its obligations. It is anticipated that the Fund will meet its
liquidity needs in the normal course of business from the proceeds of the sale
of its investments or from the cash, cash equivalents and/or the Treasuries
Securities that it intends to hold at all times. The Fund’s liquidity
needs include: redeeming Shares, providing margin deposits for existing futures
contracts or the purchase of additional futures contracts, posting collateral
for over-the-counter Corn Interests, and payment of expenses, summarized below
under “Contractual Obligations.”
The Fund
will generate cash primarily from (i) the sale of Creation Baskets and (ii)
interest earned on cash, cash equivalents and its investments in Treasuries
Securities. Trading activities for the Fund have not
begun. Once the Fund begins trading activities, it is anticipated
that all of the net assets of the Fund will be allocated to trading in Corn
Interests. Most of the assets of the Fund will be held in Treasuries
Securities, cash and/or cash equivalents that could or will be used as margin or
collateral for trading in Corn Interests. The percentage that such
assets will bear to the total net assets will vary from period to period as the
market values of the Corn Interests change. Interest earned on
interest-bearing assets of the Fund will be paid to the Fund.
The
investments of the Fund in Corn Interests will be subject to periods of
illiquidity because of market conditions, regulatory considerations and other
reasons. For example, the CBOT limits the fluctuations in Corn
Futures Contract prices during a single day by regulations referred to as “daily
limits.” During a single day, no trades may be executed at prices
beyond the daily limit. Once the price of a Corn Futures Contract has
increased or decreased by an amount equal to the daily limit, positions in the
contracts can neither be taken nor liquidated unless the traders are willing to
effect trades at or within the limit. Such market conditions could
prevent the Fund from promptly liquidating a position in Corn Futures
Contracts.
To date,
all of the expenses of the Trust and the Fund have been funded by
Sponsor. If the Fund is unsuccessful in raising sufficient funds to
cover the expenses of the Fund and the Trust or in locating any other source of
funding, the Fund may terminate.
Market
Risk
Trading
in Corn Interests such as Corn Futures Contracts will involve the Fund entering
into contractual commitments to purchase or sell specific amounts of corn at a
specified date in the future. The gross or face amount of the
contracts is expected to significantly exceed the future cash requirements of
the Fund since the Fund intends to close out any
open positions prior to the contractual expiration date. As a result,
the Fund’s market risk is the risk of loss arising from the decline in value of
the contracts, not from the need to make delivery under the
contracts. The Fund considers the “fair value” of derivative
instruments to be the unrealized gain or loss on the contracts. The
market risk associated with the commitment by the Fund to purchase a specific
commodity will be limited to the aggregate face amount of the contacts
held.
The
exposure of the Fund to market risk will depend on a number of factors including
the markets for corn, the volatility of interest rates and foreign exchange
rates, the liquidity of the Corn Interest markets and the relationships among
the contracts held by the Fund. The lack of experience of the Sponsor
in utilizing its model to trade in Corn Interests in a manner that tracks
changes in the Benchmark, as well as drastic market
events, could ultimately lead to the loss of all or substantially all of a
Shareholder’s investment.
Credit
Risk
When the
Fund enters into Corn Interests, it will be exposed to the credit risk that the
counterparty will not be able to meet its obligations. For purposes
of credit risk, the counterparty for the Corn Futures Contracts traded on the
CBOT and for Cleared Corn Swaps is the clearinghouse associated with the
CBOT. In general, clearinghouses are backed by their members who may
be required to share in the financial burden resulting from the nonperformance
of one of their members, which should significantly reduce credit
risk. Some foreign exchanges are not backed by their clearinghouse
members but may be backed by a consortium of banks or other financial
institutions. Unlike in the case of exchange-traded futures
contracts, the counterparty to an over-the-counter Corn Interest contract is
generally a single bank or other financial institution. As a result,
there will be greater counterparty credit risk in over-the-counter
transactions. There can be no assurance that any counterparty,
clearing house, or their financial backers will satisfy their obligations to the
Fund.
The
Sponsor will attempt to manage the credit risk of the Fund by following certain
trading limitations and policies. In particular, the Fund intends to
post margin and collateral and/or hold liquid assets that will be equal to
approximately the face amount of the Corn Interests it holds. The
Sponsor will implement procedures that will include, but will not be limited to,
executing and clearing trades and entering into over-the-counter transactions
only with parties it deems creditworthy and/or requiring the posting of
collateral by such parties for the benefit of the Fund to limit its credit
exposure.
Any
commodity broker for the Fund, when acting as the futures commission merchant in
accepting orders to purchase or sell futures contracts on United States
exchanges, will be required by CFTC regulations to separately account for and
treat as belonging to the Fund all of the Fund’s assets that relate to domestic
futures contract trading. These commodity brokers are not allowed to
commingle the assets of the Fund with the commodity broker’s other assets,
although commodity brokers are allowed to commingle the assets of multiple
customers in a bulk segregated account. In addition, the CFTC
requires commodity brokers to hold in a secure account the assets of the Fund
related to foreign futures contract trading.
Off
Balance Sheet Financing
As of the
date of this prospectus, neither the Trust nor the Fund has any loan guarantees,
credit support or other off-balance sheet arrangements of any kind other than
agreements entered into in the normal course of business, which may include
indemnification provisions relating to certain risks service providers undertake
in performing services which are in the best interests of the
Fund. While the Fund’s exposure under these indemnification
provisions cannot be estimated, they are not expected to have a material impact
on the Fund’s financial positions.
Redemption
Basket Obligation
Other
than as necessary to meet the investment objective of the Fund and pay its
contractual obligations described below, the Fund will require liquidity to
redeem Redemption Baskets. The Fund intends to satisfy this
obligation through the transfer of cash of the Fund (generated, if necessary,
through the sale of Treasury Securities) in an amount proportionate to the
number of units being redeemed, as described above under “Redemption
Procedures.”
Contractual
Obligations
The
Fund’s primary contractual obligations will be with the Sponsor and certain
other service providers. The Sponsor, in return for its services,
will be entitled to a management fee calculated as a fixed percentage of the
Fund’s NAV, currently 1.00% of its average net assets. The Fund will
also be responsible for all ongoing fees, costs and expenses of its operation,
including (i) brokerage
and other fees and commissions incurred in connection with the trading
activities of the Fund; (ii) expenses incurred in connection with registering
additional Shares of the Fund or offering Shares of the Fund after the time any
Shares have begun trading on NYSE Arca; (iii) the routine expenses associated
with the preparation and, if required, the printing and mailing of monthly,
quarterly, annual and other reports required by applicable U.S. federal and
state regulatory authorities, Trust meetings and preparing, printing and mailing
proxy statements to Shareholders; (iv) the payment of any distributions related
to redemption of Shares; (v) payment for routine services of the Trustee, legal
counsel and independent accountants; (vi) payment for routine accounting,
bookkeeping, custody and transfer agency services, whether performed by an
outside service provider or by Affiliates of the Sponsor; (vii) postage and
insurance; (viii) costs and expenses associated with client relations and
services; (ix) costs of preparation of all federal, state, local and foreign tax
returns and any taxes payable on the income, assets or operations of the Fund;
and (xi) extraordinary expenses (including, but not limited to, legal claims and
liabilities and litigation costs and any indemnification related thereto).
While the
Sponsor has agreed to pay registration fees to the SEC, FINRA and any other
regulatory agency in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares offered
through this prospectus, the legal, printing, accounting and other expenses
associated with such registrations, and the initial fee of $5,000 for listing
the Shares on the NYSE Arca, the Fund will be responsible for any registration
fees and related expenses incurred in connection with any future offer and sale
of Shares of the Fund in excess of those offered through this
prospectus.
Each Fund
pays its own brokerage and other transaction costs. The Fund will pay
fees to futures commission merchants in connection with its transactions in
futures contracts. Futures commission merchant fees are estimated to
be 0.06% annually for the Fund. In general, transaction costs on
over-the-counter Corn Interests and on Treasuries and other short-term
securities will be embedded in the purchase or sale price of the instrument
being purchased or sold, and may not readily be estimated. Other
expenses to be paid by the Fund, including but not limited to the fees paid to
the Custodian and Marketing Agent with respect to the Fund, are estimated to be
0.65% for the twelve-month period ending June 6, 2011, though this amount may
change in future years. The Sponsor may, in its discretion, pay or
reimburse the Fund for, or waive a portion of its management fee to offset,
expenses that would otherwise be borne by the Fund.
Any
general expenses of the Trust will be allocated among the Fund and any other
series of the Trust as determined by the Sponsor in its sole and absolute
discretion. The Trust is also responsible for extraordinary expenses,
including, but not limited to, legal claims and liabilities and litigation costs
and any indemnification related thereto. The Trust and/or the Sponsor
may be required to indemnify the Trustee, Marketing Agent or
Custodian/Administrator under certain circumstances.
The
parties cannot anticipate the amount of payments that will be required under
these arrangements for future periods as the Fund’s NAV and trading levels to
meet their investment objectives will not be known until a future
date. These agreements are effective for a specific term agreed upon
by the parties with an option to renew, or, in some cases, are in effect for the
duration of the Fund’s existence. The parties may terminate these
agreements earlier for certain reasons listed in the agreements.
The
Trust Agreement
The
following paragraphs are a summary of certain provisions of the Trust Agreement.
The following discussion is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Trust
Agreement.
Authority
of the Sponsor
The
Sponsor is generally authorized to perform all acts deemed necessary to carry
out the purposes of the Trust and to conduct the business of the
Trust. The Trust and the Fund will continue to exist until terminated
in accordance with the Trust Agreement. The Sponsor’s authority
includes, without limitation, the right to take the following
actions:
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To
enter into, execute, deliver and maintain contracts, agreements and any
other documents as may be in furtherance of the Trust’s purpose or
necessary or appropriate for the offer and sale of the Shares and the
conduct of Trust activities;
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To
establish, maintain, deposit into, sign checks and otherwise draw upon
accounts on behalf of the Trust with appropriate banking and savings
institutions, and execute and accept any instrument or agreement
incidental to the Trust’s business and in furtherance of its
purposes;
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To
adopt, implement or amend, from time to time, such disclosure and
financial reporting information gathering and control policies and
procedures as are necessary or desirable to ensure compliance with
applicable disclosure and financial reporting obligations under any
applicable securities laws;
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To
pay or authorize the payment of distributions to the Shareholders and
expenses of the Fund;
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To
make any elections on behalf of the Trust under the Code, or any other
applicable U.S. federal or state tax law as the Sponsor shall determine to
be in the best interests of the Trust;
and
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In
its sole discretion, to determine to admit an affiliate or affiliates of
the Sponsor as additional Sponsors.
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The
Sponsor’s Obligations
In
addition to the duties imposed by the Delaware Trust Statute, under the Trust
Agreement the Sponsor has the following obligations as a sponsor of the
Trust:
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Devote
to the business and affairs of the Trust such of its time as it determines
in its discretion (exercised in good faith) to be necessary for the
benefit of the Trust and the
Shareholders;
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Execute,
file, record and/or publish all certificates, statements and other
documents and do any and all other things as may be appropriate for the
formation, qualification and operation of the Trust and for the conduct of
its business in all appropriate
jurisdictions;
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Appoint
and remove independent public accountants to audit the accounts of the
Trust and employ attorneys to represent the
Trust;
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Use
its best efforts to maintain the status of the Trust as a statutory trust
for state law purposes and as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes;
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Have
fiduciary responsibility for the safekeeping and use of the Trust’s
assets, whether or not in the Sponsor’s immediate possession or
control;
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Enter
into and perform agreements with each Authorized Purchaser, receive from
Authorized Purchasers and process properly submitted purchase orders,
receive Creation Basket Deposits, deliver or cause the delivery of
Creation Baskets to the Depository for the account of the Authorized
Purchaser submitting a purchase order;
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Receive
from Authorized Purchasers and process, or cause the Marketing Agent or
other Fund service provider to process, properly submitted redemption
orders, receive from the redeeming Authorized Purchasers through the
Depository, and thereupon cancel or cause to be cancelled, Shares
corresponding to the Redemption Baskets to be redeemed;
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Interact
with the Depository; and
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Delegate
duties to one or more administrators, as the Sponsor
determines.
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To the
extent that, at law (common or statutory) or in equity, the Sponsor has duties
(including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Trust, the
Fund, the Shareholders or to any other person, the Sponsor will not be liable to
the Trust, the Fund, the Shareholders or to any other person for its good faith
reliance on the provisions of the Trust Agreement or this prospectus unless such
reliance constitutes gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the
Sponsor.
Liability
and Indemnification
Under the
Trust Agreement, the Sponsor, the Trustee and their respective Affiliates
(collectively, “Covered Persons”) shall have no liability to the Trust, the
Fund, or to any Shareholder for any loss suffered by the Trust or the Fund which
arises out of any action or inaction of such Covered Person if such Covered
Person, in good faith, determined that such course of conduct was in the best
interest of the Trust or the Fund and such course of conduct did not constitute
gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Covered Person. A
Covered Person shall not be liable for the conduct or willful misconduct of any
administrator or other delegatee selected by the Sponsor with reasonable care,
provided, however, that the Trustee and its Affiliates shall not, under any
circumstances be liable for the conduct or willful misconduct of any
administrator or other delegatee or any other person selected by the Sponsor to
provide services to the Trust.
The Trust
Agreement also provides that the Sponsor shall be indemnified by the Trust (or
by a series separately to the extent the matter in question relates to a single
series or disproportionately affects a specific series in relation to other
series) against any losses, judgments, liabilities, expenses and amounts paid in
settlement of any claims sustained by it in connection with its activities for
the Trust, provided that (i) the Sponsor was acting on behalf of or performing
services for the Trust and has determined, in good faith, that such course of
conduct was in the best interests of the Trust and such liability or loss was
not the result of gross negligence, willful
misconduct, or a breach of the Trust Agreement on the part of the Sponsor and
(ii) any such indemnification will only be recoverable from the assets of the
applicable series. The Sponsor’s rights to indemnification permitted
under the Trust Agreement shall not be affected by the dissolution or other
cessation to exist of the Sponsor, or the withdrawal, adjudication of bankruptcy
or insolvency of the Sponsor, or the filing of a voluntary or involuntary
petition in bankruptcy under Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code by or against the
Sponsor.
The
payment of any indemnification shall be allocated, as appropriate, among the
Trust’s series. The Trust and its series shall not incur the cost of
that portion of any insurance which insures any party against any liability, the
indemnification of which is prohibited under the Trust Agreement.
Expenses
incurred in defending a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding against
the Sponsor shall be paid by the Trust in advance of the final disposition of
such action, suit or proceeding, if (i) the legal action relates to the
performance of duties or services by the Sponsor on behalf of the Trust; (ii)
the legal action is initiated by a party other than the Trust; and (iii) the
Sponsor undertakes to repay the advanced funds with interest to the Trust in
cases in which it is not entitled to indemnification.
The Trust
Agreement provides that the Sponsor and the Trust shall indemnify the Trustee
and its successors, assigns, legal representatives, officers, directors,
shareholders. employees, agents and servants (the “Trustee Indemnified Parties”)
against any liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, taxes, claims,
actions, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements which may be imposed on a
Trustee Indemnified Party relating to or arising out of the formation, operation
or termination of the Trust, the execution, delivery and performance of any
other agreements to which the Trust is a party, or the action or inaction of the
Trustee under the Trust Agreement or any other agreement, except for expenses
resulting from the gross negligence or willful
misconduct of a Trustee Indemnified Party.
In the
event the Trust is made a party to any claim, dispute, demand or litigation or
otherwise incurs any liability or expense as a result of or in connection with
any Shareholder’s (or assignee’s) obligations or liabilities unrelated to the
Trust business, such Shareholder (or assignees cumulatively) is required under
the Trust Agreement to indemnify the Trust for all such liability and expense
incurred, including attorneys’ and accountants’ fees.
Withdrawal
of the Sponsor
The
Sponsor may withdraw voluntarily as the Sponsor of the Trust only upon ninety
(90) days’ prior written notice to all Shareholders and the
Trustee. If the withdrawing Sponsor is the last remaining Sponsor,
Shareholders holding a majority (over 50%) of the Trust’s Shares (not including
Shares acquired by the Sponsor through its initial capital contribution) may
vote to elect a successor Sponsor. The successor Sponsor will
continue the business of the Trust. Shareholders have no right to
remove the Sponsor.
In the
event of withdrawal, the Sponsor is entitled to a redemption of the Shares it
acquired through its initial capital contribution to the Fund at their NAV per
Share. If the Sponsor withdraws and a successor Sponsor is named, the
withdrawing Sponsor shall pay all expenses as a result of its
withdrawal.
Meetings
Meetings
of the Shareholders may be called by the Sponsor and will be called by it upon
the written request of Shareholders holding at least 25% of the Shares of the
Trust or the Fund, as applicable (not including Shares acquired by the Sponsor
through its initial capital contribution), to vote on any matter with respect to
which Shareholders have a right to vote under the Trust
Agreement. The Sponsor shall deposit in the United States mail or
electronically transmit written notice to all Shareholders of the Fund of the
meeting and the purpose of the meeting, which shall be held on a date not less
than 30 nor more than 60 days after the date of mailing of such notice, at a
reasonable time and place. When the meeting is being requested by
Shareholders, the notice of the meeting shall be mailed or transmitted within 45
days after receipt of the written request from Shareholders. Any
notice of meeting shall be accompanied by a description of the action to be
taken at the meeting. Shareholders may vote in person or by proxy at
any such meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken by
Shareholders by vote may be taken without a meeting by written consent setting
forth the actions so taken. Such written consents shall be treated
for all purposes as votes at a meeting. If the vote or consent of any
Shareholder to any action of the Trust, the Fund or any Shareholder, as
contemplated by the Trust Agreement, is solicited by the Sponsor, the
solicitation shall be effected by notice to each Shareholder given in the manner
provided in accordance with the Trust Agreement.
Voting
Rights
Shareholders
have very limited voting rights. Specifically, the Trust Agreement
provides that Shareholders holding Shares representing at least a majority (50%)
of the Trust’s outstanding Shares (excluding Shares acquired by the Sponsor in
connection with its initial capital contribution) may vote to (i) continue the
Trust by electing a successor Sponsor as described above, and (ii) approve
amendments to the Trust Agreement that impair the right to surrender Redemption
Baskets for redemption. (Trustee consent to any amendment to the
Trust Agreement is required if the Trustee reasonably believes that such
amendment adversely affects any of its rights, duties or
liabilities.) In addition, Shareholders holding Shares representing
seventy-five percent (75%) of the Trust’s outstanding Shares (excluding Shares
acquired by the Sponsor in connection with its initial capital contribution) may
vote to dissolve the Trust upon not less than ninety (90) days’ notice to the
Sponsor. Shareholders have no voting rights with respect to the Trust
or the Fund except as expressly provided in the Trust Agreement.
Limited
Liability of Shareholders
Shareholders
shall be entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to
stockholders of private corporations for profit organized under the general
corporation law of Delaware, and no Shareholder shall be liable for claims
against, or debts of the Trust or the Fund in excess of his share of the Fund’s
assets. The Trust or the Fund shall not make a claim against a
Shareholder with respect to amounts distributed to such Shareholder or amounts
received by such Shareholder upon redemption unless, under Delaware law, such
Shareholder is liable to repay such amount.
The Trust
or the Fund shall indemnify to the full extent permitted by law and the Trust
Agreement each Shareholder (excluding the Sponsor to the extent of its ownership
of any Shares acquired through its initial capital contribution) against any
claims of liability asserted against such Shareholder solely because of its
ownership of Shares (other than for taxes on income from Shares for which such
Shareholder is liable).
Every
written note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking made or
issued by the Sponsor on behalf of the Trust or the Fund shall give notice to
the effect that the same was executed or made by or on behalf of the Trust or
the Fund and that the obligations of such instrument are not binding upon the
Shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of
the Fund and no recourse may be had with respect to the personal property of a
Shareholder for satisfaction of any obligation or claim.
The
Sponsor Has Conflicts of Interest
There are
present and potential future conflicts of interest in the Trust’s structure and
operation you should consider before you purchase Shares. The Sponsor
may use this notice of conflicts as a defense against any claim or other
proceeding made.
The
Sponsor’s principals, officers and employees, do not devote their time
exclusively to the Fund. Under the organizational documents of the
Sponsor, Mr. Sal Gilbertie and Mr. Dale Riker are obligated to use commercially
reasonable efforts to manage the Sponsor, devote such amount of time to the
Sponsor as would be consistent with their roles in similarly placed commodity
pool operators, and remain active in managing the Sponsor until they are no
longer managing members of the Sponsor or the Sponsor
dissolves. In
addition, the Sponsor expects that it will generally constitute the principal
and a full-time business activity of its principals, officers and employees.
Notwithstanding these obligations and expectations, the Sponsor’s
principals may be directors, officers or employees of other entities, and may
manage assets of other entities through the Sponsor or otherwise. In
particular, while the Fund is currently the only commodity pool managed by the
Sponsor and its personnel, the Sponsor may establish additional pools in the
future, particularly if the Fund is successful. The principals could
have a conflict between their responsibilities to the Fund on the one hand and
to those other entities on the other. The Sponsor believes that it
currently has sufficient personnel, time, and working capital to discharge its
responsibilities to the Fund in a fair manner and that these persons’ conflicts
should not impair their ability to provide services to the
Fund. However, it is not possible to quantify the proportion of their
time that the Sponsor’s personnel will devote to the Fund and its management,
which in large part will depend on whether the Sponsor establishes additional
commodity pools in the future and how many such pools are
established.
The
Sponsor and its principals, officers and employees may trade futures and related
contracts for their own accounts. Shareholders will not be permitted
to inspect the trading records of such persons or any written policies of the
Sponsor related to such trading. A conflict of interest may exist if
their trades are in the same markets and at approximately the same times as the
trades for the Fund. A potential conflict also may occur when the
Sponsor’s principals trade their accounts more aggressively or take positions in
their accounts which are opposite, or ahead of, the positions taken by the
Fund.
The
Sponsor has sole current authority to manage the investments and operations of
the Fund, and this may allow it to act in a way that furthers its own interests
and conflicts with your best interests. Shareholders have very
limited voting rights, which will limit the ability to influence matters such as
amendment of the Trust Agreement, change in the Fund’s basic investment
policies, or dissolution of the Fund or the Trust.
The
Sponsor may in the future serve as the Sponsor or investment adviser to
commodity pools other than the Fund. The Sponsor may have a conflict
to the extent that its trading decisions for the Fund may be influenced by the
effect they would have on the other pools it manages. In addition,
the Sponsor may be required to indemnify the officers and directors of the other
pools, if the need for indemnification arises. This potential
indemnification will cause the Sponsor’s assets to decrease. If the
Sponsor’s other sources of income are not sufficient to compensate for the
indemnification, it could cease operations, which could in turn result in Fund
losses and/or termination of the Fund.
If the
Sponsor acquires knowledge of a potential transaction or arrangement that may be
an opportunity for the Fund, it shall have no duty to offer such opportunity to
the Fund. The Sponsor will not be liable to the Fund or the
Shareholders for breach of any fiduciary or other duty if Sponsor pursues such
opportunity or directs it to another person or does not communicate such
opportunity to the Fund. Neither the Fund nor any Shareholder has any
rights or obligations by virtue of the Trust Agreement, the trust relationship
created thereby, or this prospectus in such business ventures or the income or
profits derived from such business ventures. The pursuit of such
business ventures, even if competitive with the activities of the Fund, will not
be deemed wrongful or improper.
Resolution
of Conflicts Procedures
The Trust
Agreement provides that whenever a conflict of interest exists between the
Sponsor or any of its Affiliates, on the one hand, and the Trust or any
Shareholder or any other Person, on the other hand, the Sponsor shall resolve
such conflict of interest considering the relative interest of each party
(including its own interest) and the benefits and burdens relating to such
interests, any customary or accepted industry practices, and any applicable
accepted accounting practices or principles.
Interests
of Named Experts and Counsel
The
Sponsor has employed Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP to prepare this
prospectus. Neither the law firm nor any other expert hired by the
Fund to give advice on the preparation of this offering document have been hired
on a contingent fee basis. Nor do any of them have any present or
future expectation of interest in the Sponsor, Marketing Agent, Authorized
Purchasers, Custodian/Administrator or other service providers to the
Fund.
Provisions
of Federal and State Securities Laws
This
offering is made pursuant to federal and state securities laws. The
SEC and state securities agencies take the position that indemnification of the
Sponsor that arises out of an alleged violation of such laws is prohibited
unless certain conditions are met. Those conditions require that no
indemnification of the Sponsor or any underwriter for the Fund may be made in
respect of any losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged
violation of federal or state securities laws unless: (i) there has
been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged
securities law violations as to the party seeking indemnification and the court
approves the indemnification; (ii) such claim has been dismissed with prejudice
on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the party seeking
indemnification; or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a
settlement of the claims against the party seeking indemnification and finds
that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made,
provided that, before seeking such approval, the Sponsor or other indemnitee
must apprise the court of the position held by regulatory agencies against such
indemnification.
Books
and Records
The Trust
keeps its books of record and account at its office located at 232 Hidden Lake
Road, Building A, Brattleboro, Vermont 05301, or at the offices of
the Administrator located at One Wall Street, New York, New York 10286, or such
office, including of an administrative agent, as it may subsequently designate
upon notice. The books of account of the Fund are open to inspection
by any Shareholder (or any duly constituted designee of a Shareholder) at all
times during the usual business hours of the Fund upon reasonable advance notice
to the extent such access is required under CFTC rules and
regulations. In addition, the Trust keeps a copy of the Trust
Agreement on file in its office which will be available for inspection by any
Shareholder at all times during its usual business hours upon reasonable advance
notice.
Analysis
of Critical Accounting Policies
The
Fund’s critical accounting policies are set forth in the financial statements in
this prospectus prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States, which require the use of certain accounting
policies that affect the amounts reported in these financial statements,
including the following: (i) Fund trades are accounted for on a
trade-date basis and marked to market on a daily basis; (ii) the difference
between the cost and market value of Corn Interests is recorded as “change in
unrealized profit/loss” for open (unrealized) contracts, and recorded as
“realized profit/loss” when open positions are closed out; and (iii) earned
interest income, as well as the fees and expenses of the Fund, are recorded on
an accrual basis. The Sponsor believes that all relevant accounting
assumptions and policies have been considered.
Statements,
Filings, and Reports to Shareholders
The Trust
will furnish to DTC Participants for distribution to Shareholders annual reports
(as of the end of each fiscal year) for the Fund as are required to be provided
to Shareholders by the CFTC and the NFA. These annual reports will
contain financial statements prepared by the Sponsor and audited by an
independent registered public accounting firm designated by the
Sponsor. The Trust will also post monthly reports to the Fund’s
website (www.teucriumcornfund.com). These
monthly reports will contain certain unaudited financial information regarding
the Fund, including the Fund’s NAV. The Sponsor will furnish to the
Shareholders other reports or information which the Sponsor, in its discretion,
determines to be necessary or appropriate. In addition, under SEC
rules the Trust will be required to file quarterly and annual reports for the
Fund with the SEC, which need not be sent to Shareholders but will be publicly
available through the SEC. The Trust will post the same information
that would otherwise be provided in the Trust’s CFTC, NFA and SEC reports on the
Fund’s website www.teucriumcornfund.com.
The
Sponsor is responsible for the registration and qualification of the Shares
under the federal securities laws, federal commodities laws, and laws of any
other jurisdiction as the Sponsor may select. The Sponsor is
responsible for preparing all required reports, but has entered into an
agreement with the Administrator to prepare these reports on the Trust’s
behalf.
The
accountants’ report on its audit of the Fund’s financial statements will be
furnished by the Trust to Shareholders upon request. The Trust will
make such elections, file such tax returns, and prepare, disseminate and file
such tax reports for the Fund, as it is advised by its counsel or accountants
are from time to time required by any applicable statute, rule or
regulation.
Rothstein,
Kass & Company, P.C. (“Rothstein Kass”), 4 Becker Farm Road, Roseland, NJ
07068, the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, as
representative of the Trust and the Fund, will provide tax information in
accordance with applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations relating to information
reporting with respect to widely held fixed investment
trusts. Persons treated as middlemen for purposes of these
regulations may obtain tax information regarding the Fund from Rothstein Kass or
from the Fund’s website, www.teucriumcornfund.com.
Fiscal
Year
The
fiscal year of the Fund is the calendar year.
Governing
Law; Consent to Delaware Jurisdiction
The
rights of the Sponsor, the Trust, the Fund, DTC (as registered owner of the
Fund’s global certificate for Shares) and the Shareholders are governed by the
laws of the State of Delaware. The Sponsor, the Trust, the Fund and
DTC and, by accepting Shares, each DTC Participant and each Shareholder, consent
to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Delaware and any federal
courts located in Delaware. Such consent is not required for any
person to assert a claim of Delaware jurisdiction over the Sponsor, the Trust or
the Fund.
Legal
Matters
Litigation
and Claims
Within
the past 5 years of the date of this prospectus, there have been no material
administrative, civil or criminal actions against the Sponsor, the Trust or the
Fund, or any principal or affiliate of any of them. This includes any
actions pending, on appeal, concluded, threatened, or otherwise known to
them.
Legal
Opinion
Sutherland
Asbill & Brennan LLP has been retained to advise the Trust and the Sponsor
with respect to the Shares being offered hereby and will pass upon the validity
of the Shares being issued hereunder. Sutherland Asbill & Brennan
LLP has also provided the Sponsor with its opinion with respect to federal
income tax matters addressed herein.
Experts
Rothstein
Kass, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the
financial statements of the Trust and the Fund as of December 31, 2009 and the
Sponsor as of December 31, 2009.
Privacy
Policy
The Trust
and the Sponsor collect certain nonpublic personal information about investors
from the information provided by them in certain documents, as well as in the
course of processing transaction requests. None of this information
is disclosed except as necessary in the course of processing creations and
redemptions and otherwise administering the Trust (and then only subject to
customary undertakings of confidentiality) or as required by law. The
Trust and the Sponsor restrict access to the nonpublic personal information they
collect from investors to those employees and service providers who need access
to this information to provide services relating to the Trust to
investors. The Trust and the Sponsor each maintain physical,
electronic and procedural controls to safeguard this
information. These standards are reasonably designed to (1) ensure
the security and confidentiality of investors’ records and information, (2)
protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity
of investors’ records and information, and (3) protect against unauthorized
access to or use of investors’ records or information that could result in
substantial harm or inconvenience to any investor. A copy of the current Privacy
Policy can be provided on request and is provided to investors
annually.
U.S.
Federal Income Tax Considerations
The
following discussion summarizes the material U.S. federal income tax
consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares of the Fund
and the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the Fund. Except where
noted otherwise, it deals only with the tax consequences relating to Shares held
as capital assets by persons not subject to special tax
treatment. For example, in general it does not address the tax
consequences to dealers in securities or currencies or commodities, traders in
securities or dealers or traders in commodities that elect to use a
mark-to-market method of accounting, financial institutions, tax-exempt
entities, insurance companies, persons holding Shares as a part of a position in
a “straddle” or as part of a “hedging,” “conversion” or other integrated
transaction for federal income tax purposes, or holders of Shares whose
“functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar. Furthermore, the
discussion below is based upon the provisions of the Code, and regulations
(“Treasury Regulations”), rulings and judicial decisions thereunder as of the
date hereof, and such authorities may be repealed, revoked or modified (possibly
with retroactive effect) so as to result in U.S. federal income tax consequences
different from those discussed below.
The
Sponsor has received the opinion of Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP
(“Sutherland”), counsel to the Trust, that the material U.S. federal income tax
consequences to the Fund and to U.S. Shareholders and Non-U.S. Shareholders (as
defined below) will be as described in the following paragraphs. In
rendering its opinion, Sutherland has relied on the facts and assumptions
described in this prospectus as well as certain factual representations made by
the Trust and the Sponsor. This opinion is not binding on the
Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). No ruling has been requested from
the IRS with respect to any matter affecting the Fund or prospective investors,
and the IRS may disagree with the tax positions taken by the
Trust. If the IRS were to challenge the Trust’s tax positions in
litigation, they might not be sustained by the courts.
As used
herein, the term “U.S. Shareholder” means a Shareholder that is, for United
States federal income tax purposes, (i) a citizen or resident of the United
States, (ii) a corporation or partnership created or organized in or under the
laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof, (iii) an estate
the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation
regardless of its source or (iv) a trust that (X) is subject to the supervision
of a court within the United States and the control of one or more United States
persons as described in section 7701(a)(30) of the Code or (Y) has a valid
election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a
United States person. A “Non-U.S. Shareholder” is a holder that is
not a U.S. Shareholder. If a partnership holds our Shares, the tax
treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and
the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding
our Shares, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the tax
consequences.
EACH
PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS ADVISED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF AN INVESTMENT IN SHARES, AS WELL AS ANY
APPLICABLE STATE, LOCAL OR FOREIGN TAX CONSEQUENCES, IN LIGHT OF ITS PARTICULAR
CIRCUMSTANCES.
Tax
Status of the Trust and the Fund
The Trust
is organized and will be operated as a statutory trust in accordance with the
provisions of the Trust Agreement and applicable Delaware
law. Notwithstanding the Trust’s status as a statutory trust and the
Fund’s status as a series of that trust, due to the nature of its activities the
Fund will be treated as a partnership rather than a trust for U.S. federal
income tax purposes. In addition, the trading of Shares on the NYSE
Arca will cause the Fund to be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” for
federal income tax purposes. Under the Code, a publicly traded
partnership is generally taxable as a corporation. In the case of an
entity (such as the Fund) not registered under the Investment Company Act of
1940, however, an exception to this general rule applies if at least 90% of the
entity’s gross income is “qualifying income” for each taxable year of its
existence (the “qualifying income exception”). For this purpose,
qualifying income is defined as including, in pertinent part, interest (other
than from a financial business), dividends, and gains from the sale or
disposition of capital assets held for the production of interest or
dividends. In the case of a partnership a principal activity of which
is the buying and selling of commodities other than as inventory or of futures,
forwards and options with respect to commodities, “qualifying income” also
includes income and gains from commodities and from futures, forwards, options,
and swaps and other notional principal contracts with respect to
commodities. The Trust and the Sponsor have represented the following
to Sutherland:
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At
least 90% of the Fund’s gross income for each taxable year will constitute
“qualifying income” within the meaning of Code section 7704 (as described
above);
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the
Fund is organized and will be operated in accordance with its governing
documents and applicable law;
and
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the
Fund has not elected, and will not elect, to be classified as a
corporation for U.S. federal income tax
purposes.
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Based in
part on these representations, Sutherland is of the opinion that the Fund will
be treated as a partnership that it is not taxable as a corporation for U.S.
federal income tax purposes. The Fund’s taxation as a partnership
rather than a corporation will require the Sponsor to conduct the Fund’s
business activities in such a manner that it satisfies the requirements of the
qualifying income exception on a continuing basis. No assurances can
be given that the Fund’s operations for any given year will produce income that
satisfies these requirements. Sutherland will not review the Fund’s
ongoing compliance with these requirements and will have no obligation to advise
the Trust, the Fund or the Fund’s Shareholders in the event of any subsequent
change in the facts, representations or applicable law relied upon in reaching
its opinion.
If the
Fund failed to satisfy the qualifying income exception in any year, other than a
failure that is determined by the IRS to be inadvertent and that is cured within
a reasonable time after discovery (in which case, as a condition of relief, the
Fund could be required to pay the government amounts determined by the IRS), the
Fund would be taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and would
pay federal income tax on its income at regular corporate rates. In
that event, Shareholders would not report their share of the Fund’s income or
loss on their tax returns. In addition, any distributions to
Shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable
income. Such distributions would be treated as ordinary dividend
income to the Shareholders to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated
earnings and profits. Accordingly, if the Fund were to be taxable as
a corporation, it would likely have a material adverse effect on the economic
return from an investment in the Fund and on the value of the
Shares.
The
remainder of this summary assumes that the Fund is classified for federal income
tax purposes as a partnership that it is not taxable as a
corporation.
U.S.
Shareholders
Tax
Consequences of Ownership of Shares
Taxation of the Fund’s
Income. No U.S. federal income tax is paid by the Fund on its
income. Instead, the Fund files annual partnership returns, and each
U.S. Shareholder is required to report on its U.S. federal income tax return its
allocable share of the income, gain, loss, deductions and credits reflected on
such returns. If the Fund recognizes income in the form of interest
on Treasury Securities and net capital gains from cash settlement of Corn
Interests for a taxable year, Shareholders must report their share of these
items even though the Fund makes no distributions of cash or property during the
taxable year. Consequently, a Shareholder may be taxable on income or
gain recognized by the Fund but receive no cash distribution with which to pay
the resulting tax liability, or may receive a distribution that is insufficient
to pay such liability. Because the Sponsor currently does not intend
to make distributions, it is likely that that a U.S. Shareholder that realizes
net income or gain with respect to Shares for a taxable year will be required to
pay any resulting tax from sources other than Fund distributions.
Monthly Conventions for Allocations
of the Fund’s Profit and Loss and Capital
Account Restatements. Under Code section 704, the
determination of a partner’s distributive share of any item of income, gain,
loss, deduction or credit is governed by the applicable organizational document
unless the allocation provided by such document lacks “substantial economic
effect.” An allocation that lacks substantial economic effect
nonetheless will be respected if it is in accordance with the partners’
interests in the partnership, determined by taking into account all facts and
circumstances relating to the economic arrangements among the
partners. Subject to the discussion below concerning certain
conventions to be used by the Fund, allocations pursuant to the Trust Agreement
should be considered as having substantial economic effect or being in
accordance with Shareholders’ interest in the Fund.
In
situations where a partner’s interest in a partnership is redeemed or sold
during a taxable year, the Code generally requires that partnership tax items
for the year be allocated to the partner using either an interim closing of the
books or a daily proration method. The Fund intends to allocate tax
items using an interim closing of the books method under which income, gains,
losses and deductions will be determined on a monthly basis, taking into account
the Fund’s accrued income and deductions and gains and losses (both realized and
unrealized) for the month. The tax items for each month during a
taxable year will then be allocated among the holders of Shares in proportion to
the number of Shares owned by them as of the close of trading on the last
trading day of the preceding month (the “monthly allocation
convention”).
Under the
monthly allocation convention, an investor who disposes of a Share during the
current month will be treated as disposing of the Share as of the beginning of
the first day of the immediately succeeding month. For example, an
investor who buys a Share on April 10 of a year and sells it on May 20 of the
same year will be allocated all of the tax items attributable to May (because he
is deemed to hold it through the last day of May) but none of those attributable
to April. The tax items attributable to that Share for April will be
allocated to the person who is the actual or deemed holder of the Share as of
the close of trading on the last trading day of March. Under the
monthly convention, an investor who purchases and sells a Share during the same
month, and therefore does not hold (and is not deemed to hold) the Share at the
close of the last trading day of either that month or the previous month, will
receive no allocations with respect to that Share for any
period. Accordingly, investors may receive no allocations with
respect to Shares that they actually held, or may receive allocations with
respect to Shares attributable to periods that they did not actually hold the
Share. Investors who hold a Share on the last trading day of the
first month of the Fund’s operation will be allocated the tax items for that
month, as well as the tax items for the following month, attributable to the
Share.
By
investing in Shares, a U.S. Shareholder agrees that, in the absence of new
legislation, regulatory or administrative guidance, or judicial rulings to the
contrary, it will file its U.S. income tax returns in a manner that is
consistent with the monthly allocation convention as described above
and with the IRS Schedule K-1 or any successor form provided to Shareholders by
the Trust.
For any
month in which a Creation Basket is issued or a Redemption Basket is redeemed,
the Fund will credit or debit the “book” capital accounts of existing
Shareholders with the amount of any unrealized gain or loss, respectively, on
Fund assets. For this purpose, unrealized gain or loss will be
computed based on the lowest NAV of the Fund’s assets during the month in which
Shares are issued or redeemed, which may be different than the value of the
assets on the date of an issuance or redemption. The capital accounts
as adjusted in this manner will be used in making tax allocations intended to
account for differences between the tax basis and fair market value of property
owned by the Fund at the time new Shares are issued or outstanding Shares are
redeemed (so-called “reverse Code section 704(c) allocations”). The
intended effect of these adjustments is to equitably allocate among Shareholders
any unrealized appreciation or depreciation in the Fund’s assets existing at the
time of a contribution or redemption for book and tax purposes.
The
Sponsor believes that application of the conventions and methods described above
is consistent with the intent of the partnership provisions of the Code and that
the resulting allocations should have substantial economic effect or otherwise
should be respected as being in accordance with Shareholders’ interests in the
Fund for federal income tax purposes. The Code and existing Treasury
Regulations do not expressly permit adoption of these conventions, although the
monthly allocation convention described above is consistent with a method
permitted under recently proposed Treasury Regulations. It is
possible that the IRS could successfully challenge the Fund’s allocation methods
on the ground that they do not satisfy the technical requirements of the Code or
Treasury Regulations, requiring a Shareholder to report a greater or lesser
share of items of income, gain, loss, or deduction than if the conventions were
respected. The Sponsor is authorized to revise the Fund’s methods to
conform to the requirements of any future Treasury Regulations.
As noted
above, the conventions used by the Fund in making tax allocations may cause a
Shareholder to be allocated more or less income or loss for federal income tax
purposes than its proportionate share of the economic income or loss realized by
the Fund during the period it held its Shares. This mismatch between
taxable and economic income or loss in some cases may be temporary, reversing
itself in a later year when the Shares are sold, but could be
permanent. For example, a Shareholder could be allocated income
accruing before it purchased its Shares, resulting in an increase in the basis
of the Shares (see “Tax Basis
of Shares”, below). On a subsequent disposition of the Shares,
the additional basis might produce a capital loss the deduction of which may be
limited (see “Limitations on
Deductibility of Losses and Certain Expenses”, below).
Section 754
election. The Fund intends to make the election permitted by
section 754 of the Code, which election is irrevocable without the consent of
the IRS. The effect of this election is that when a secondary market
sale of Shares occurs, the Fund adjusts the purchaser’s proportionate share of
the tax basis of the Fund’s assets to fair market value, as reflected in the
price paid for the Shares, as if the purchaser had directly acquired an interest
in the Fund’s assets. The section 754 election is intended to
eliminate disparities between a partner’s basis in its partnership interest and
its share of the tax bases of the partnership’s assets, so that the partner’s
allocable share of taxable gain or loss on a disposition of an asset will
correspond to its share of the appreciation or depreciation in the value of the
asset since it acquired its interest. Depending on the price paid for
Shares and the tax bases of the Fund’s assets at the time of the purchase, the
effect of the section 754 election on a purchaser of Shares may be favorable or
unfavorable. In order to make the appropriate basis adjustments in a
cost effective manner, the Fund will use certain simplifying conventions and
assumptions. In particular, the Fund will obtain information
regarding secondary market transactions in its Shares and use this information
to make adjustments to Shareholders’ basis in Fund assets. It is
possible the IRS could successfully assert that the conventions and assumptions
applied are improper and require different basis adjustments to be made, which
could adversely affect some Shareholders.
Section
1256 Contracts. Under the Code, special rules apply
to instruments constituting “section 1256 contracts.” A section 1256
contract is defined as including, in relevant part: (1) a futures contract that
is traded on or subject to the rules of a national securities exchange which is
registered with the SEC, a domestic board of trade designated as a contract
market by the CFTC, or any other board of trade or exchange designated by the
Secretary of the Treasury, and with respect to which the amount required to be
deposited and the amount that may be withdrawn depends on a system of “marking
to market”; and (2) a non-equity option traded on or subject to the rules of a
qualified board or exchange. Section 1256 contracts held at the end
of each taxable year are treated as if they were sold for their fair market
value on the last business day of the taxable year (i.e., are “marked to
market”). In addition, any gain or loss realized from a
disposition, termination or marking-to-market of a section 1256 contract is
treated as long-term capital gain or loss to the extent of 60% thereof, and as
short-term capital gain or loss to the extent of 40% thereof, without regard to
the actual holding period (“60-40 treatment”).
Many of
the Fund’s Corn Futures Contracts will qualify as “section 1256 contracts” under
the Code. Although they are privately negotiated and not traded on an
exchange, Cleared Corn Swaps should qualify as section 1256 contracts because
they are cleared through and generally subject to the rules of the CBOT (i.e., a qualified board or
exchange), including a rule requiring mark to market and margin
deposits. Some Other Corn Interests that are cleared through a
qualified board or exchange will also constitute section 1256
contracts. Gain or loss recognized as a result of the disposition,
termination or marking-to-market of the Fund’s section 1256 contracts during a
calendar month will be subject to 60-40 treatment and allocated to Shareholders
in accordance with the monthly allocation convention.
Limitations on Deductibility of
Losses and Certain Expenses. A number of different provisions
of the Code may defer or disallow the deduction of losses or expenses allocated
to Shareholders by the Fund, including but not limited to those described
below.
A
Shareholder’s deduction of its allocable share of any loss of the Fund is
limited to the lesser of (1) the tax basis in its Shares or (2) in the case of a
Shareholder that is an individual or a closely held corporation, the amount
which the Shareholder is considered to have “at risk” with respect to the Fund’s
activities. In general, the amount at risk will be a Shareholder’s
invested capital. Losses in excess of the amount at risk must be
deferred until years in which the Fund generates additional taxable income
against which to offset such carryover losses or until additional capital is
placed at risk.
Individuals
and other non-corporate taxpayers are permitted to deduct capital losses only to
the extent of their capital gains for the taxable year plus $3,000 of other
income. Unused capital losses can be carried forward and used to
offset capital gains in future years. In addition, a non-corporate
taxpayer may elect to carry back net losses on section 1256 contracts to each of
the three preceding years and use them to offset section 1256 contract gains in
those years, subject to certain limitations. Corporate taxpayers
generally may deduct capital losses only to the extent of capital gains, subject
to special carryback and carryforward rules.
Otherwise
deductible expenses incurred by non-corporate taxpayers constituting
“miscellaneous itemized deductions,” generally including investment-related
expenses (other than interest and certain other specified expenses), are
deductible only to the extent they exceed 2% of the taxpayer’s adjusted gross
income for the year. Although the matter is not free from doubt, we
believe management fees the Fund pays to the Sponsor and other expenses of the
Fund constitute investment-related expenses subject to this miscellaneous
itemized deduction limitation, rather than expenses incurred in connection with
a trade or business, and will report these expenses consistent with that
interpretation.
Non-corporate
Shareholders generally may deduct “investment interest expense” only to the
extent of their “net investment income.” Investment interest expense
of a Shareholder will generally include any interest accrued by the Fund and any
interest paid or accrued on direct borrowings by a Shareholder to purchase or
carry its Shares, such as interest with respect to a margin
account. Net investment income generally includes gross income from
property held for investment (including “portfolio income” under the passive
loss rules but not, absent an election, long-term capital gains or certain
qualifying dividend income) less deductible expenses other than interest
directly connected with the production of investment income.
To the
extent that the Fund allocates losses or expenses to you that must be deferred
or are disallowed as a result of these or other limitations in the Code, you may
be taxed on income in excess of your economic income or distributions (if any)
on your Shares. As one example, you could be allocated and required
to pay tax on your share of interest income accrued by the Fund for a particular
taxable year, and in the same year allocated a share of a capital loss that you
cannot deduct currently because you have insufficient capital gains against
which to offset the loss. As another example, you could be allocated
and required to pay tax on your share of interest income and capital gain for a
year, but be unable to deduct some or all of your share of management fees
and/or margin account interest incurred by you with respect to your
Shares. Shareholders are urged to consult their own professional tax
advisor regarding the effect of limitations under the Code on their ability to
deduct your allocable share of the Fund’s losses and expenses.
Tax
Basis of Shares
A
Shareholder’s tax basis in its Shares is important in determining (1) the amount
of taxable gain it will realize on the sale or other disposition of its Shares,
(2) the amount of non-taxable distributions that it may receive from the Fund,
and (3) its ability to utilize its distributive share of any losses of the Fund
on its tax return. A Shareholder’s initial tax basis of its Shares
will equal its cost for the Shares plus its share of the Fund’s liabilities (if
any) at the time of purchase. In general, a Shareholder’s “share” of
those liabilities will equal the sum of (i) the entire amount of any otherwise
nonrecourse liability of the Fund as to which the Shareholder or an affiliate is
the creditor (a “partner nonrecourse liability”) and (ii) a pro rata share of
any nonrecourse liabilities of the Fund that are not partner nonrecourse
liabilities as to any Shareholder.
A
Shareholder’s tax basis in its Shares generally will be (1) increased by (a) its
allocable share of the Fund’s taxable income and gain and (b) any additional
contributions by the Shareholder to the Fund and (2) decreased (but not below
zero) by (a) its allocable share of the Fund’s tax deductions and losses and (b)
any distributions by the Fund to the Shareholder. For this purpose,
an increase in a Shareholder’s share of the Fund’s liabilities will be treated
as a contribution of cash by the Shareholder to the Fund and a decrease in that
share will be treated as a distribution of cash by the Fund to the
Shareholder. Pursuant to certain IRS rulings, a Shareholder will be
required to maintain a single, “unified” basis in all Shares that it
owns. As a result, when a Shareholder that acquired its Shares at
different prices sells less than all of its Shares, such Shareholder will not be
entitled to specify particular Shares (e.g., those with a higher
basis) as having been sold. Rather, it must determine its gain or
loss on the sale by using an “equitable apportionment” method to allocate a
portion of its unified basis in its Shares to the Shares sold.
Treatment of Fund
Distributions. If the Fund makes non-liquidating distributions
to Shareholders, such distributions generally will not be taxable to the
Shareholders for federal income tax purposes except to the extent that the sum
of (i) the amount of cash and (ii) the fair market value of marketable
securities distributed exceeds the Shareholder’s adjusted basis of its interest
in the Fund immediately before the distribution. Any cash
distributions in excess of a Shareholder’s tax basis generally will be treated
as gain from the sale or exchange of Shares.
Constructive Termination of the
Partnership. The Fund will be considered to have been
terminated for tax purposes if there is a sale or exchange of 50% or more of the
total interests in its Shares within a 12-month period. A termination
would result in the closing of the Fund’s taxable year for all
Shareholders. In the case of a Shareholder reporting on a taxable
year other than a fiscal year ending December 31, the closing of the Fund’s
taxable year may result in more than 12 months of our taxable income or loss
being includable in its taxable income for the year of
termination. We would be required to make new tax elections after a
termination. A termination could result in tax penalties if we were
unable to determine that the termination had occurred. Moreover, a
termination might either accelerate the application of, or subject us to, any
tax legislation enacted before the termination.
Tax Consequences
of Disposition of Shares
If a
Shareholder sells its Shares, it will recognize gain or loss equal to the
difference between the amount realized and its adjusted tax basis for the Shares
sold. A Shareholder’s amount realized will be the sum of the cash or
the fair market value of other property received plus its share of any Fund debt
outstanding.
Gain or
loss recognized by a Shareholder on the sale or exchange of Shares held for more
than one year will generally be taxable as long-term capital gain or loss;
otherwise, such gain or loss will generally be taxable as short-term capital
gain or loss. A special election is available under the Treasury
Regulations that allows Shareholders to identify and use the actual holding
periods for the Shares sold for purposes of determining whether the gain or loss
recognized on a sale of Shares will give rise to long-term or short-term capital
gain or loss. It is expected that most Shareholders will be eligible
to elect, and generally will elect, to identify and use the actual holding
period for Shares sold. If a Shareholder fails to make the election
or is not able to identify the holding periods of the Shares sold, the
Shareholder will have a split holding period in the Shares
sold. Under such circumstances, a Shareholder will be required to
determine its holding period in the Shares sold by first determining the portion
of its entire interest in the Fund that would give rise to long-term capital
gain or loss if its entire interest were sold and the portion that would give
rise to short-term capital gain or loss if the entire interest were
sold. The Shareholder would then treat each Share sold as giving rise
to long-term capital gain or loss and short-term capital gain or loss in the
same proportions as if it had sold its entire interest in the Fund.
Under
Section 751 of the Code, a portion of a Shareholder’s gain or loss from the sale
of Shares (regardless of the holding period for such Shares), will be separately
computed and taxed as ordinary income or loss to the extent attributable to
“unrealized receivables” or “inventory” owned by the Fund. The term
“unrealized receivables” includes, among other things, market discount bonds and
short-term debt instruments to the extent such items would give rise to ordinary
income if sold by the Fund.
If some
or all of a Shareholder’s Shares are lent by its broker or other agent to a
third party — for example, for use by the third party in covering a
short sale — the Shareholder may be considered as having made a
taxable disposition of the loaned Shares, in which
case —
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the
Shareholder may recognize taxable gain or loss to the same extent as if it
had sold the Shares for cash;
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any
of the income, gain, loss or deduction allocable to those Shares during
the period of the loan is not reportable by the Shareholder for tax
purposes; and
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any
distributions the Shareholder receives with respect to the Shares under
the loan agreement will be fully taxable to the Shareholder, most likely
as ordinary income.
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Shareholders
desiring to avoid these and other possible consequences of a deemed disposition
of their Shares should consider modifying any applicable brokerage account
agreements to prohibit the lending of their Shares.
Other
Tax Matters
Information
Reporting. The Fund provides tax information to the beneficial
owners of Shares and to the IRS. Shareholders of the Fund are treated
as partners for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Fund
will furnish Shareholders each year with tax information on IRS Schedule K-1
(Form 1065), which will be used by the Shareholders in completing their tax
returns. The IRS has ruled that assignees of partnership interests
who have not been admitted to a partnership as partners but who have the
capacity to exercise substantial dominion and control over the assigned
partnership interests will be considered partners for federal income tax
purposes. On the basis of this ruling, except as otherwise provided
herein, we will treat as a Shareholder any person whose shares are held on their
behalf by a broker or other nominee if that person has the right to direct the
nominee in the exercise of all substantive rights attendant to the ownership of
the Shares.
Persons
who hold an interest in the Fund as a nominee for another person are required to
furnish to us the following information: (1) the name, address and taxpayer
identification number of the beneficial owner and the nominee; (2) whether the
beneficial owner is (a) a person that is not a U.S. person, (b) a foreign
government, an international organization or any wholly-owned agency or
instrumentality of either of the foregoing, or (c) a tax-exempt entity; (3) the
number and a description of Shares acquired or transferred for the beneficial
owner; and (4) certain information including the dates of acquisitions and
transfers, means of acquisitions and transfers, and acquisition cost for
purchases, as well as the amount of net proceeds from sales. Brokers
and financial institutions are required to furnish additional information,
including whether they are U.S. persons and certain information on Shares they
acquire, hold or transfer for their own account. A penalty of $50 per
failure, up to a maximum of $100,000 per calendar year, is imposed by the Code
for failure to report such information to the Fund. The nominee is
required to supply the beneficial owner of the Shares with the information
furnished to the Fund.
Partnership Audit
Procedures. The IRS may audit the federal income tax returns
filed by the Fund. Adjustments resulting from any such audit may
require each Shareholder to adjust a prior year’s tax liability and could result
in an audit of the Shareholder’s own return. Any audit of a
Shareholder’s return could result in adjustments of non-partnership items as
well as Fund items. Partnerships are generally treated as separate
entities for purposes of federal tax audits, judicial review of administrative
adjustments by the IRS, and tax settlement proceedings. The tax
treatment of partnership items of income, gain, loss and deduction are
determined at the partnership level in a unified partnership proceeding rather
than in separate proceedings with the partners. The Code provides for
one partner to be designated as the “tax matters partner” and to represent the
partnership purposes of these proceedings. The Trust Agreement
appoints the Sponsor as the tax matters partner of the Fund.
Tax Shelter Disclosure
Rules. In certain circumstances the Code and Treasury
Regulations require that the IRS be notified of transactions through a
disclosure statement attached to a taxpayer’s United States federal income tax
return. These disclosure rules may apply to transactions irrespective
of whether they are structured to achieve particular tax
benefits. They could require disclosure by the Trust or Shareholders
if a Shareholder incurs a loss in excess a specified threshold from a sale or
redemption of its Shares and possibly in other circumstances. While
these rules generally do not require disclosure of a loss recognized on the
disposition of an asset in which the taxpayer has a “qualifying basis”
(generally a basis equal to the amount of cash paid by the taxpayer for such
asset), they apply to a loss recognized with respect to interests in a
pass-through entity, such as the Shares, even if the taxpayer’s basis in such
interests is equal to the amount of cash it paid. In addition,
significant monetary penalties may be imposed in connection with a failure to
comply with these reporting requirements. Investors should consult
their own tax advisor concerning the application of these reporting requirements
to their specific situation.
Tax-Exempt
Organizations. Subject to numerous exceptions, qualified
retirement plans and individual retirement accounts, charitable organizations
and certain other organizations that otherwise are exempt from federal income
tax (collectively “exempt organizations”) nonetheless are subject to the tax on
unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). Generally, UBTI means the
gross income derived by an exempt organization from a trade or business that it
regularly carries on, the conduct of which is not substantially related to the
exercise or performance of its exempt purpose or function, less allowable
deductions directly connected with that trade or business. If the
Fund were to regularly carry on (directly or indirectly) a trade or business
that is unrelated with respect to an exempt organization Shareholder, then in
computing its UBTI, the Shareholder must include its share of (1) the Fund’s
gross income from the unrelated trade or business, whether or not distributed,
and (2) the Fund’s allowable deductions directly connected with that gross
income.
UBTI
generally does not include dividends, interest, or payments with respect to
securities loans and gains from the sale of property (other than property held
for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or
business). Nonetheless, income on, and gain from the disposition of,
“debt-financed property” is UBTI. Debt-financed property generally is
income-producing property (including securities), the use of which is not
substantially related to the exempt organization’s tax-exempt purposes, and with
respect to which there is “acquisition indebtedness” at any time during the
taxable year (or, if the property was disposed of during the taxable year, the
12-month period ending with the disposition). Acquisition
indebtedness includes debt incurred to acquire property, debt incurred before
the acquisition of property if the debt would not have been incurred but for the
acquisition, and debt incurred subsequent to the acquisition of property if the
debt would not have been incurred but for the acquisition and at the time of
acquisition the incurrence of debt was foreseeable. The portion of
the income from debt-financed property attributable to acquisition indebtedness
is equal to the ratio of the average outstanding principal amount of acquisition
indebtedness over the average adjusted basis of the property for the
year. The Fund currently does not anticipate that it will borrow
money to acquire investments; however, the Fund cannot be certain that it will
not borrow for such purpose in the future. In addition, an exempt
organization Shareholder that incurs acquisition indebtedness to purchase its
Shares in the Fund may have UBTI.
The
federal tax rate applicable to an exempt organization Shareholder on its UBTI
generally will be either the corporate or trust tax rate, depending upon the
Shareholder’s form of organization. The Fund may report to each such
Shareholder information as to the portion, if any, of the Shareholder’s income
and gains from the Fund for any year that will be treated as UBTI; the
calculation of that amount is complex, and there can be no assurance that the
Fund’s calculation of UBTI will be accepted by the IRS. An exempt
organization Shareholder will be required to make payments of estimated federal
income tax with respect to its UBTI.
Regulated Investment
Companies. Interests in and income from “qualified publicly
traded partnerships” satisfying certain gross income tests are treated as
qualifying assets and income, respectively, for purposes of determining
eligibility for regulated investment company (“RIC”) status. A RIC
may invest up to 25% of its assets in interests in a qualified publicly traded
partnership. The determination of whether a publicly traded
partnership such as the Fund is a qualified publicly traded partnership is made
on an annual basis. The Fund expects to be a qualified publicly
traded partnership in each of its taxable years. However, such
qualification is not assured.
Non-U.S.
Shareholders
Generally,
non-U.S. persons who derive U.S. source income or gain from investing or
engaging in a U.S. business are taxable on two categories of
income. The first category consists of amounts that are fixed,
determinable, annual and periodic income, such as interest, dividends and rent
that are not connected with the operation of a U.S. trade or business
(“FDAP”). The second category is income that is effectively connected
with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business (“ECI”). FDAP income
(other than interest that is considered “portfolio interest;” as discussed
below) is generally subject to a 30% withholding tax, which may be reduced for
certain categories of income by a treaty between the U.S. and the recipient’s
country of residence. In contrast, ECI is generally subject to U.S.
tax on a net basis at graduated rates upon the filing of a U.S. tax
return. Where a non-U.S. person has ECI as a result of an investment
in a partnership, the ECI is subject to a withholding tax at a rate of 35% for
both individual and corporate Shareholders.
Withholding on Allocations and
Distributions. The Code provides that a non-U.S. person who is
a partner in a partnership that is engaged in a U.S. trade or business during a
taxable year will also be considered to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business
during that year. Classifying an activity by a partnership as an
investment or an operating business is a factual determination. Under
certain safe harbors in the Code, an investment fund whose activities consist of
trading in stocks, securities, or commodities for its own account generally will
not be considered to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business unless it is a
dealer is such stocks, securities, or commodities. This safe harbor
applies to investments in commodities only if the commodities are of a kind
customarily dealt in on an organized commodity exchange and if the transaction
is of a kind customarily consummated at such place. Although the
matter is not free from doubt, the Fund believes that the activities directly
conducted by the Fund do not result in the Fund being engaged in a trade or
business within in the United States. However, there can be no
assurance that the IRS would not successfully assert that the Fund’s activities
constitute a U.S. trade or business.
In the
event that the Fund’s activities were considered to constitute a U.S. trade or
business, the Fund would be required to withhold at the highest rate specified
in Code section 1 (currently 35%) on allocations of our income to Non-U.S.
Shareholders. A Non-U.S. Shareholder with ECI will generally be
required to file a U.S. federal income tax return, and the return will provide
the Non-U.S. Shareholder with the mechanism to seek a refund of any withholding
in excess of such Shareholder’s actual U.S. federal income tax
liability. Any amount withheld by the Fund will be treated as a
distribution to the Non-U.S. Shareholder.
If the
Fund is not treated as engaged in a U.S. trade or business, a Non-U.S.
Shareholder may nevertheless be treated as having FDAP income, which would be
subject to a 30% withholding tax (possibly subject to reduction by treaty), with
respect to some or all of its distributions from the Fund or its allocable share
of Fund income. Amounts withheld on behalf of a Non-U.S. Shareholder
will be treated as being distributed to such Shareholder.
To the
extent any interest income allocated to a Non-U.S. Shareholder that otherwise
constitutes FDAP is considered “portfolio interest,” neither the allocation of
such interest income to the non-U.S. Shareholder nor a subsequent distribution
of such interest income to the non-U.S. Shareholder will be subject to
withholding, provided that the Non-U.S. Shareholder is not otherwise engaged in
a trade or business in the U.S. and provides the Fund with a timely and properly
completed and executed IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form. In
general, portfolio interest is interest paid on debt obligations issued in
registered form, unless the recipient owns 10% or more of the voting power of
the issuer.
The Trust
expects that most of the Fund’s interest income will qualify as portfolio
interest. In order for the Fund to avoid withholding on any interest
income allocable to Non-U.S. Shareholders that would qualify as portfolio
interest, it will be necessary for all Non-U.S. Shareholders to provide the Fund
with a timely and properly completed and executed Form W-8BEN (or other
applicable form).
Gain from Sale of
Shares. Gain from the sale or exchange of Shares may be
taxable to a Non-U.S. Shareholder if the Non-U.S. Shareholder is a nonresident
alien individual who is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the
taxable year. In such case, the nonresident alien individual will be
subject to a 30% withholding tax on the amount of such individual’s
gain.
Prospective
Non-U.S. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisor regarding these and
other tax issues unique to Non-U.S. Shareholders.
Backup
Withholding
The Fund
may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax (“backup withholding”) at a
rate of 28% from payments to: (1) any Shareholder who fails to furnish the Fund
with his, her or its correct taxpayer identification number or a certificate
that the Shareholder is exempt from backup withholding, and (2) any Shareholder
with respect to whom the IRS notifies the Fund that the Shareholder has failed
to properly report certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to
respond to notices to that effect. Backup withholding is not an
additional tax and may be returned or credited against a taxpayer’s regular
federal income tax liability if appropriate information is provided to the
IRS.
Other
Tax Considerations
In
addition to federal income taxes, Shareholders may be subject to other taxes,
such as state and local income taxes, unincorporated business taxes, business
franchise taxes, and estate, inheritance or intangible taxes that may be imposed
by the various jurisdictions in which the Fund does business or owns property or
where the Shareholders reside. Although an analysis of those various
taxes is not presented here, each prospective Shareholder should consider their
potential impact on its investment in the Fund. It is each
Shareholder’s responsibility to file the appropriate U.S. federal, state, local,
and foreign tax returns. Sutherland has not provided an opinion
concerning any aspects of state, local or foreign tax or U.S. federal tax other
than those U.S. federal income tax issues discussed herein.
Additionally,
under the recently-enacted Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (“Hire
Act”), Congress modified certain rules with respect to information reporting and
certification requirements, in particular with respect to “U.S. accounts”
maintained at foreign financial institutions. Congress delegated
broad authority to the United States Treasury Department to promulgate
regulations to implement the new withholding and reporting
regime. Prospective investors in Shares should consult their tax
advisors regarding elements of the Hire Act that may be relevant to an
investment in Shares.
Investment
By ERISA Accounts
General
Most
employee benefit plans and individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) are subject
to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), or
the Code, or both. This section discusses certain considerations that
arise under ERISA and the Code that a fiduciary of an employee benefit plan as
defined in ERISA or a plan as defined in Section 4975 of the Code who has
investment discretion should take into account before deciding to invest the
plan’s assets in the Fund. Employee benefit plans under ERISA and
plans under the Code are collectively referred to below as “plans,” and
fiduciaries with investment discretion are referred to below as “plan
fiduciaries.”
This
summary is based on the provisions of ERISA and the Code as of the date
hereof. This summary is not intended to be complete, but only to
address certain questions under ERISA and the Code likely to be raised by your
advisors. The summary does not include state or local
law.
Potential
plan investors are urged to consult with their own professional advisors
concerning the appropriateness of an investment in the Fund and the manner in
which Shares should be purchased.
Special
Investment Considerations
Each plan
fiduciary must consider the facts and circumstances that are relevant to an
investment in the Fund, including the role that an investment in the Fund would
play in the plan’s overall investment portfolio. Each plan fiduciary,
before deciding to invest in the Fund, must be satisfied that the investment is
prudent for the plan, that the investments of the plan are diversified so as to
minimize the risk of large losses, and that an investment in the Fund complies
with the terms of the plan.
The
Fund and Plan Assets
A
regulation issued under ERISA contains rules for determining when an investment
by a plan in an equity interest of a statutory trust will result in the
underlying assets of the statutory trust being deemed plan assets for purposes
of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code. Those rules provide that
assets of a statutory trust will not be plan assets of a plan that purchases an
equity interest in the statutory trust if the equity interest purchased is a
publicly-offered security. If the underlying assets of a statutory
trust are considered to be assets of any plan for purposes of ERISA or Section
4975 of the Code, the operations of that trust would be subject to and, in some
cases, limited by the provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the
Code.
The
publicly-offered security exception described above applies if the equity
interest is a security that is:
|
(1)
|
freely
transferable (determined based on the relevant facts and
circumstances);
|
|
(2)
|
part
of a class of securities that is widely held (meaning that the class of
securities is owned by 100 or more investors independent of the issuer and
of each other); and
|
|
(3)
|
either
(a) part of a class of securities registered under Section 12(b) or 12(g)
of the Exchange Act or (b) sold to the plan as part of a public offering
pursuant to an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act and the
class of which such security is a part is registered under the Exchange
Act within 120 days (or such later time as may be allowed by the SEC)
after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer in which the offering of
such security occurred.
|
The plan
asset regulations under ERISA state that the determination of whether a security
is freely transferable is to be made based on all the relevant facts and
circumstances. In the case of a security that is part of an offering
in which the minimum investment is $10,000 or less, the following requirements,
alone or in combination, ordinarily will not affect a finding that the security
is freely transferable: (1) a requirement that no transfer or assignment of the
security or rights relating to the security be made that would violate any
federal or state law; and (2) a requirement that no transfer or assignment be
made without advance written notice given to the entity that issued the
security.
The
Sponsor believes that the conditions described above are satisfied with respect
to the Shares. The Sponsor believes that the Shares therefore
constitute publicly-offered securities, and the underlying assets of the Fund
should not be considered to constitute plan assets of any plan that purchases
Shares.
Prohibited
Transactions
ERISA and
the Code generally prohibit certain transactions involving a plan and persons
who have certain specified relationships to the plan. In general,
Shares may not be purchased with the assets of a plan if the Sponsor, the
clearing brokers, the trading advisors (if any), or any of their affiliates,
agents or employees either:
|
·
|
exercise
any discretionary authority or discretionary control with respect to
management of the plan;
|
|
·
|
exercise
any authority or control with respect to management or disposition of the
assets of the plan;
|
|
·
|
render
investment advice for a fee or other compensation, direct or indirect,
with respect to any moneys or other property of the
plan;
|
|
·
|
have
any authority or responsibility to render investment advice with respect
to any monies or other property of the plan;
or
|
|
·
|
have
any discretionary authority or discretionary responsibility in the
administration of the plan.
|
Also, a
prohibited transaction may occur under ERISA or the Code when circumstances
indicate that (1) the investment in Shares is made or retained for the purpose
of avoiding application of the fiduciary standards of ERISA, (2) the investment
in Shares constitutes an arrangement under which the Fund is expected to engage
in transactions that would otherwise be prohibited if entered into directly by
the plan purchasing the Shares, (3) the investing plan, by itself, has the
authority or influence to cause the Fund to engage in such transactions, or (4)
a person who is prohibited from transacting with the investing plan may, but
only with the aid of certain of its affiliates and the investing plan, cause the
Fund to engage in such transactions with such person.
Special
IRA Rules
IRAs are
not subject to ERISA’s fiduciary standards, but are subject to their own rules,
including the prohibited transaction rules of Section 4975 of the Code, which
generally mirror ERISA’s prohibited transaction rules. For example,
IRAs are subject to special custody rules and must maintain a qualifying IRA
custodial arrangement separate and distinct from the Fund and its custodial
arrangement. If a separate qualifying custodial arrangement is not
maintained, an investment in the Shares will be treated as a distribution from
the IRA. Second, IRAs are prohibited from investing in certain
commingled investments, and the Sponsor makes no representation regarding
whether an investment in Shares is an inappropriate commingled investment for an
IRA. Third, in applying the prohibited transaction provisions of
Section 4975 of the Code, in addition to the rules summarized above, the
individual for whose benefit the IRA is maintained is also treated as the
creator of the IRA. For example, if the owner or beneficiary of an
IRA enters into any transaction, arrangement, or agreement involving the assets
of his or her IRA to benefit the IRA owner or beneficiary (or his or her
relatives or business affiliates) personally, or with the understanding that
such benefit will occur, directly or indirectly, such transaction could give
rise to a prohibited transaction that is not exempted by any available
exemption. Moreover, in the case of an IRA, the consequences of a
non-exempt prohibited transaction are that the IRA’s assets will be treated as
if they were distributed, causing immediate taxation of the assets (including
any early distribution penalty tax applicable under Section 72 of the Code), in
addition to any other fines or penalties that may apply.
Exempt
Plans
Certain
employee benefit plans may be governmental plans or church
plans. Governmental plans and church plans are generally not subject
to ERISA, nor do the prohibited transaction provisions described above apply to
them. These plans are, however, subject to prohibitions against
certain related-party transactions under Section 503 of the Code, which are
similar to the prohibited transaction rules described above. In
addition, the fiduciary of any governmental or church plan must consider any
applicable state or local laws and any restrictions and duties of common law
imposed upon the plan.
No view
is expressed as to whether an investment in the Fund (and any continued
investment in the Fund), or the operation and administration of the fund, is
appropriate or permissible for any governmental plan or church plan under Code
Section 503, or under any state, county, local or other law relating to that
type of plan.
Allowing
an investment in the Fund is not to be construed as a representation by the
Trust, the Fund, the Sponsor, any trading advisor, any clearing broker, the
Marketing Agent or legal counsel or other advisors to such parties or any other
party that this investment meets some or all of the relevant legal requirements
with respect to investments by any particular plan or that this investment is
appropriate for any such particular plan. The person with investment
discretion should consult with the plan’s attorney and financial advisors as to
the propriety of an investment in the Fund in light of the circumstances of the
particular plan, current tax law and ERISA.
INFORMATION
YOU SHOULD KNOW
This
prospectus contains information you should consider when making an investment
decision about the Shares. You should rely only on the information
contained in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus
supplement. None of the Trust, the Fund or the Sponsor has authorized
any person to provide you with different information and, if anyone provides you
with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on
it. This prospectus is not an offer to sell the Shares in any
jurisdiction where the offer or sale of the Shares is not
permitted.
The
information contained in this prospectus was obtained from us and other sources
believed by us to be reliable.
You
should disregard anything we said in an earlier document that is inconsistent
with what is included in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus
supplement. Where the context requires, when we refer to this
“prospectus,” we are referring to this prospectus and (if applicable) the
relevant prospectus supplement.
You
should not assume that the information in this prospectus or any applicable
prospectus supplement is current as of any date other than the date on the front
page of this prospectus or the date on the front page of any applicable
prospectus supplement.
We
include cross references in this prospectus to captions in these materials where
you can find further related discussions. The table of contents tells
you where to find these captions.
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
The Trust
has filed on behalf of the Fund a registration statement on Form S-1 with the
SEC under the 1933 Act. This prospectus does not contain all of the
information set forth in the registration statement (including the exhibits to
the registration statement), parts of which have been omitted in accordance with
the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information about
the Trust, the Fund or the Shares, please refer to the registration statement,
which you may inspect, without charge, at the public reference facilities of the
SEC at the below address or online at www.sec.gov, or obtain at prescribed rates
from the public reference facilities of the SEC at the below
address. Information about the Trust, the Fund and the Shares can
also be obtained from the Fund’s website, which is www.teucriumcornfund.com. The
Fund’s website address is only provided here as a convenience to you and the
information contained on or connected to the website is not part of this
prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus is
part. The Trust is subject to the informational requirements of the
Exchange Act and will file certain reports and other information with the SEC
under the Exchange Act. The Sponsor will file an updated prospectus
annually for the Fund pursuant to the 1933 Act. The reports and other
information can be inspected at the public reference facilities of the SEC
located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549 and online at www.sec.gov.
You may also obtain copies of such material from the public reference facilities
of the SEC at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. You
may obtain more information concerning the operation of the public reference
facilities of the SEC by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 or visiting online at
www.sec.gov.
TEUCRIUM
TRADING, LLC — INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
Page
|
|
|
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
99
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statement of Financial Condition
|
100
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statement of Operations |
101
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statement of Changes in Members’ Equity
|
102
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statement of Cash Flows
|
103
|
|
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
104
|
Report of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the
Members of
Teucrium
Trading, LLC
We have
audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial condition of
Teucrium Trading, LLC ( a corporation in the development stage ) (the “Company”)
as of December 31, 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations,
changes in members’ equity, and cash flows for the period from September 1, 2009
(date of inception) to December 31, 2009. These consolidated financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial
statements based on our audits.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company
is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its
internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of
internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control
over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also
includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe
that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our
opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Teucrium Trading, LLC as of
December 31, 2009, and the results of its operations, changes in members’ equity
and its cash flows for the period from September 1, 2009 (date of inception) to
December 31, 2009, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles.
/s/ Rothstein, Kass & Company,
P.C.
Roseland,
New Jersey
March
22, 2010
TEUCRIUM
TRADING, LLC and Subsidiary
(a
development stage company)
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
|
|
March 31, 2010
(unaudited)
|
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and Cash Equivalents
|
|
$
|
642,251
|
|
|
$
|
847,433
|
|
Prepaid
Expenses
|
|
|
11,552
|
|
|
|
6,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
Assets
|
|
$
|
653,803
|
|
|
$
|
853,433
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND MEMBERS' EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued
Expenses
|
|
$
|
323,980
|
|
|
$
|
163,040
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members'
Equity
|
|
|
379,823
|
|
|
|
740,393
|
|
Less
Subscription Receivable
|
|
|
(50,000
|
)
|
|
|
(50,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
329,823
|
|
|
|
690,393
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
Liabilities and Members' Equity
|
|
$
|
653,803
|
|
|
$
|
853,433
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial
statement.
TEUCRIUM
TRADING, LLC and Subsidiary
(a
development stage company)
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
|
|
For
the three months ended March 31, 2010
|
|
|
From
Inception (September 1, 2009) through December 31, 2009
|
|
|
From
Inception (September
1,
2009) through March 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
Income
|
|
$
|
397
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
397
|
|
Change
in Unrealized Gain/Loss
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
Income
|
|
|
470 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
470 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unit-based
compensation
|
|
|
86,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
86,000
|
|
Salaries,
Wages and Benefits
|
|
|
82,675
|
|
|
|
41,118
|
|
|
|
123,793
|
|
Business
Permits and Licenses
|
|
|
585
|
|
|
|
117,580
|
|
|
|
118,165
|
|
Professional
Fees
|
|
|
254,794
|
|
|
|
816,374
|
|
|
|
1,071,168
|
|
General
and Administrative
|
|
|
22,986 |
|
|
|
11,035 |
|
|
|
34,021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
Expenses
|
|
|
447,040 |
|
|
|
986,107 |
|
|
|
1,433,147 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
Loss
|
|
$
|
(446,570 |
)
|
|
$
|
(986,107 |
)
|
|
$
|
(1,432,677 |
)
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial
statement.
TEUCRIUM
TRADING, LLC and Subsidiary
(a
development stage company)
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN MEMBERS' EQUITY
For
the Period from Inception (September 31, 2009) through
December
31, 2009 and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class
A
|
|
|
Class
B-1
|
|
Class
B-2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Per
Unit
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
|
Subscription
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
Units
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Total
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
Receivable
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances,
at Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity
Contributed through Note Conversion
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class
B-1 Units - issued October 26, 2009
|
|
|
38.961
|
|
|
|
5,775.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
225,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
225,000
|
|
|
|
(50,000
|
)
|
|
|
175,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity
Contributed for Member Interest and Option
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class
A Units - issued August 12, 2009
|
|
|
1000.000
|
|
|
|
1.50
|
|
|
|
1,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class
B-1 Units - issued October 26, 2009
|
|
|
259.740
|
|
|
|
5,775.01
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,500,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,500,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,500,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
Loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(882
|
)
|
|
|
(985,225
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
(986,107
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(986,107
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances,
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
1,298.701
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
618
|
|
|
|
739,775
|
|
|
|
|
|
740,393
|
|
|
|
(50,000
|
)
|
|
|
690,393
|
|
Class
B-2 Units- issued February 11, 2010 (Unaudited) |
|
|
100.000
|
|
|
|
860
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
Loss (Unaudited) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(352
|
)
|
|
|
(422,221
|
)
|
|
(23,997
|
)
|
|
(446,570
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(446,570
|
)
|
Balances,
March 31, 2010 (Unaudited) |
|
|
1,398.701
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
266
|
|
|
$
|
317,554
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
379,823
|
|
|
$
|
(50,000
|
) |
|
$ |
329,823
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial
statement.
TEUCRIUM
TRADING, LLC and Subsidiary
(a
development stage company)
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
|
|
For
the three months ended March 31, 2010
|
|
|
From
Inception (September 1, 2009) through December 31, 2009
|
|
|
From
Inception (September
1,
2009) through March 31, 2010
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
Cash
Flows from Operating Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
Loss
|
|
$
|
(446,570
|
)
|
|
$
|
(986,107
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,432,677
|
)
|
Adjustments
to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
operating
activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unit-based
compensation
|
|
|
86,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
86,000
|
|
Changes
in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase
in Prepaid Expenses
|
|
|
(5,551
|
)
|
|
|
(6,000
|
)
|
|
|
(11,551
|
)
|
Increase
in Accrued Expenses
|
|
|
160,940 |
|
|
|
163,040 |
|
|
|
323,980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(205,181
|
)
|
|
|
(829,067
|
)
|
|
|
(1,034,248
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
Flow from Financing Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds
from Convertible Debt
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
175,000
|
|
|
|
175,000
|
|
Proceeds
from Sale of Member Equity and Option
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
1,501,500 |
|
|
|
1,501,500 |
|
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
1,676,500 |
|
|
|
1,676,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents
|
|
|
(205,181
|
)
|
|
|
847,433
|
|
|
|
642,252
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and Cash Equivalents,
beginning of period
|
|
|
847,433 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and Cash Equivalents,
end of period
|
|
|
642,252 |
|
|
|
847,433 |
|
|
|
642,252 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Cash
Transactions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion
of debt into members' equity (including
$50,000
which had not been received by the company)
|
|
$
|
- |
|
|
$
|
225,000 |
|
|
$
|
225,000 |
|
Issuance
of B-2 units
|
|
$
|
86,000
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
86,000
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial
statement.
NOTES TO
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note
1 — Organization and Operation
Teucrium
Trading, LLC, (the “Company”), a Delaware limited liability company, formed on
July 28, 2009 and began operations on September 1, 2009. The
principal office is located at 232 Hidden Lake Road, Brattleboro, Vermont
05301. The Company is registered as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”)
with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and became a member of
the National Futures Association (“NFA”) on November 10, 2009.
The
Company is solely responsible for the management and conducts or directs the
conduct of the business of the Teucrium Commodity Trust (the “Trust”), a
Delaware statutory trust, and any other series of the Trust that may from time
to time be established and designated by the Company. Teucrium Corn Fund (the
“Fund”) is a commodity pool that is a series of the Trust.
The
Company is required to oversee the purchase and sale of Shares by Authorized
Purchasers (one that
purchases or redeems creation baskets or redemption baskets, respectively, from
or to the Fund), and to manage the Fund’s investments, including to evaluate the
credit risk of futures commission merchants and swap counterparties and to
review daily positions and margin/collateral requirements.
The
Company has the power to enter into agreements as may be necessary or
appropriate for the offer and sale of the Fund’s units and the conduct of the
Trust’s activities.
The
Company, together with the Fund, entered into marketing agent agreements with
ALPS Distributors, Inc. (“ALPS”), a Colorado corporation, whereby ALPS provides
certain marketing services for the Funds as outlined in their respective
agreements.
Subsequent
Events
The
audited financial statements for the period from Inception (September 1, 2009)
through December 31, 2009 were approved by management and available for issuance
on March 22, 2010. Subsequent events related to the audited financial statements
have been evaluated through this date.
Note
2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles
of Consolidation
The
consolidated financial statements include the Company and the Trust. All
material inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in the
consolidation.
Basis
of Presentation
The
accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the three
months ended March 31, 2010 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and were prepared on the
same basis as the consolidated financial statements for the period ended
December 31, 2009. In the opinion of management, all adjustments,
consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair
presentation of the information for this interim period, have been
made. The operations for such interim period are not necessarily
indicative of the operations for the full year.
Development
Stage Company
The
Company is considered to be in the development stage as defined by U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) and subject to the reporting
requirements associated therewith.
Revenue
Recognition
The
Company will receive a fee as compensation for services performed under the
Trust agreement. The Company’s fee will accrue daily and will be paid
monthly at an annual rate of 1.00% of the average daily net assets of the
Fund. The Company will receive no compensation from the Fund other
than such fee. The Fund is also responsible for other ongoing fees,
costs and expenses of its operations, including brokerage fees, SEC (“Securities
and Exchange Commission”) and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
(“FINRA”) registration fees and legal, printing, accounting, custodial,
administration and transfer agency costs. The Company has borne or will bear the
costs and expenses related to the initial offering and sale of units.
Calculation
of Net Asset Value
The Fund
will calculate its net asset value on each trading day by taking the current
market value of its total assets, subtracting any liabilities, and dividing the
amount by the total number of its units issued and outstanding. The Fund will
use the Chicago Board of Trade closing price on that day for contracts held on
the Chicago Board of Trade.
Additions and
Redemptions
Authorized
purchasers may purchase creation baskets of the Fund only in blocks of 100,000
units equal to the net asset value of the units calculated shortly after the
close of the core trading session on the NYSE (“New York Stock Exchange”) Arca
on the day the order is placed. Authorized purchasers may redeem units from the
Fund only in blocks of 100,000 units called “Redemption Baskets”. The amount of
the redemption proceeds for a Redemption Basket will be equal to the net asset
value of the Fund’s units in the Redemption Basket as of the end of each
business day.
The Fund
will receive or pay the proceeds from units sold or redeemed within three
business days after the trade-date of the purchase or redemption. The amounts
due from authorized purchasers will be reflected in the Fund’s statement of
financial condition as receivables for units sold, and amounts payable to
authorized purchasers upon redemption are reflected as payable for units
redeemed.
Accounting
Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Income
Taxes
The
Company does not record a provision for income taxes because the partners report
their share of the Company’s income or loss on their income tax
returns. The financial statements reflect the Company’s transactions
without adjustment, if any, required for income tax purposes.
In
accordance with GAAP, the Company is required to determine whether a tax
position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the
applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or
litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the
position. The Company files an income tax return in the U.S. federal
jurisdiction, and may file income tax returns in various U.S. states and foreign
jurisdictions. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by
major taxing authorities for all tax years since inception. The tax benefit
recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than
fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate
settlement. De-recognition of a tax benefit previously recognized
results in the Company recoding a tax liability that reduces net
assets. This policy has been applied to all existing tax positions
upon the Company’s initial adoption for the period ended December 31,
2009. Based on its analysis, the Company has determined that the
adoption of this policy did not have a material impact on the Company’s
financial statements upon adoption. However, the Company’s
conclusions regarding this policy may be subject to review and adjustment at a
later date based on factors including, but not limited to, on-going analysis of
and changes to tax laws, regulations, and interpretations
thereof. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to
unrecognized tax benefits and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in
income tax fees payable, if assessed. No interest expense or
penalties have been recognized as of and for the periods ended March 31, 2010
(unaudited) and December 31, 2009.
Offering
Costs
The
Company expenses all initial offering costs associated with the registration of
the Fund. Costs include, but are not limited to, legal fees pertaining to the
Fund’s units offered for sale, SEC and state registration fees, initial fees
paid to be listed on an exchange and underwriting and other similar costs. The
initial offering and organization costs incurred to start the Fund will be borne
by the Company and not be charged to the Fund.
Cash
Equivalents
Cash
equivalents are highly-liquid investments with original maturity dates of three
months or less. The Company reported its cash equivalents in the
Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition at market value, or at carrying
amounts that approximate fair value, because of their highly-liquid nature and
short-term maturities. The Company has a substantial portion of its assets on
deposit with banks. Assets deposited with the bank may, at times, exceed
federally insured limits. The Company had a balance of $202,129
(unaudited) and $183,167 in money market funds at March 31, 2010 and December
31, 2009, respectively; these balances are included in cash and cash equivalents
on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.
Valuation
of Cash Equivalents at Fair Value - Definition and Hierarchy
In
accordance with GAAP, fair value is defined as the price that would be received
to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
In
determining fair value, the Fund uses various valuation approaches. In
accordance with GAAP, a fair value hierarchy for inputs is used in measuring
fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of
unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when
available. Observable inputs are those that market participants would use
in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources
independent of the Fund. Unobservable inputs reflect the Fund’s
assumptions about the inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset
or liability developed based on the best information available in the
circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is categorized into three levels
based on the inputs as follows:
Level 1 - Valuations based on
unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
that the Fund has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block
discounts are not applied to Level 1 securities. Since valuations are
based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active
market, valuation of these securities does not entail a significant degree of
judgment.
Level 2 - Valuations based on
quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs
are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 - Valuations based on
inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value
measurement.
The
availability of valuation techniques and observable inputs can vary from
security to security and is affected by a wide variety of factors including, the
type of security, whether the security is new and not yet established in the
marketplace, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To
the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable
or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more
judgment. Those estimated values do not necessarily represent the amounts
that may be ultimately realized due to the occurrence of future circumstances
that cannot be reasonably determined. Because of the inherent uncertainty
of valuation, those estimated values may be materially higher or lower than the
values that would have been used had a ready market for the securities
existed. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Fund in
determining fair value is greatest for securities categorized in Level 3.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into
different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for
disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair
value measurement in its entirety falls, is determined based on the lowest level
input that is significant to the fair value
measurement.
Fair
value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market
participant rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore, even when
market assumptions are not readily available, the Fund’s own assumptions are set
to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or
liability at the measurement date. The Fund uses prices and inputs that
are current as of the measurement date, including periods of market
dislocation. In periods of market dislocation, the observability of prices
and inputs may be reduced for many securities. This condition could cause
a security to be reclassified to a lower level within the fair value hierarchy.
The Company’s adoption this standard did not have a material effect on its
consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Note
3 – Fair Value Measurements
The
Fund’s assets and liabilities recorded at fair value have been categorized based
upon a fair value hierarchy as described in the Fund’s significant accounting
policies in Note 2.
The
following table presents information about the Fund’s assets measured at fair
value as of March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
March 31, 2010 (Unaudited)
|
|
Quoted Prices
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in Active
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Markets for
|
|
|
other
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
Balance
|
|
|
|
Identical
Assets
|
|
|
Observable
Inputs
|
|
|
Unobservable
Inputs
|
|
|
as
of
March
31,
|
|
|
|
Level 1
|
|
|
Level 2
|
|
|
Level 3
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
equivalents
|
|
$
|
202,129
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
202,129
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
Quoted Prices
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in Active
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Markets for
|
|
|
other
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
Balance
|
|
|
|
Identical
Assets
|
|
|
Observable
Inputs
|
|
|
Unobservable
Inputs
|
|
|
as
of
December
31,
|
|
|
|
Level 1
|
|
|
Level 2
|
|
|
Level 3
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
equivalents
|
|
$
|
183,167
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
-
|
|
|
$
|
183,167
|
|
Note
4 – Capitalization (including convertible debt)
The
Company is authorized to issue equity interests in the Company designated as
"membership units" which shall constitute "membership interests" and shall
initially include Class A units, Class B-1 units and Class B-2 units. Class A
Units are granted the right to vote on all matters regarding management and
members. The voting rights granted to Class B units are limited to matters
requiring a majority vote of Class A units, including but not limited to,
dissolution.
The
members (acting by a majority vote of the Class A members) are authorized, by
resolution or resolutions, to create and to issue, on behalf of the Company,
different classes, groups or series of membership units and to fix for each such
class, group or series such voting powers (full or limited or no voting powers),
and such distinctive designations, preferences and relative participating,
optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions
as determined by the members (acting by a majority vote of the Class A members)
in exchange for contributions of cash or property, the provision of services or
such other consideration, as may be determined by the members (acting by a
majority vote of the Class A members). Each membership unit of a class of
membership units shall be identical in all respects to each other membership
unit of such class. All membership units may be issued as fractional units.
During
the period from inception (September 1, 2009) through December 31, 2009,
GFI Group LLC contributed $1,500,000 in cash in connection with its interest in
the Company through Class B-1 units and an option agreement.
The
Company granted GFI Group LLC the right and option to purchase that number of
Class B-1 units of the Company representing the Percentage Interest in the
Company at the exercise price shown below (the “Option”):
Percentage
Interest subject to Option: Up to 5%
Exercise
Price: $2,500,000 per each two and one-half percent (2.5%) (the “Incremental
Exercise Percentage”) Percentage Interest, for an aggregate exercise
price of $5,000,000.
This
option shall become vested and exercisable in full as of the date of grant.
The
Option shall expire and cease to be exercisable upon the five-year anniversary
of the date the option was granted, October 28, 2009.
Ownership
or “membership” interests in the Company are owned by persons referred to as
“members.” The Company currently has three voting or “Class A”
members – Mr. Sal Gilbertie, Mr. Dale Riker and Mr. Carl N. Miller III – and a
small number of non-voting or “Class B” members who have provided working
capital to the Company. Messrs. Gilbertie and Riker each currently
own 45% of the Company’s Class A membership interests.
The
Company entered into convertible notes on September 28, 2009 for $225,000, and
the note holders have rights to convert for 3% interest in the Company. On
October 28, 2009, the note holders converted $225,000, including $50,000 which
had not been received by the Company. Due primarily to the short-term nature of
the convertible notes, the Company has determined that the bifurcation of the
convertible debt would not have had material impact on the consolidated
financial statements.
In
February 2010, the Company issued Class B-2 shares to a small number of
non-employee individuals representing 7% of the total collective Company
membership interests. The Class B-2 shares were awarded based on
services. The Class B-2 shares generally have the same rights as Class B-1
shares; however, in the event of termination, the Class B-2 shares are
subordinate to Class B-1 shares regarding any distributions. The
Class B-2 shares are redeemable at the sole option of the Company at a
predetermined price of $1,000,000 per 1% of collective membership interests
represented by the Class B-2 shares. For the three months and inception to date
period ended March 31, 2010, $86,000 (unaudited) of unit-based compensation
expense representing the estimated fair value of the Class B-2 shares issued is
included on the statement of operations. In accordance with FASB
Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 505, “Equity,” the Company
determined the estimated fair value of the Class B-2 shares issued based on
recent similar transactions, the financial condition and book value of the
Company at time of issuance, and the respective rights of the Class B-2 shares
versus the other classes of membership interests.
Note
5 — Related Party Transactions
The Riker
Group has invoiced $60,000 (unaudited) and $100,000 for professional services
rendered by Dale Riker for the periods ending March 31, 2010 and December 31,
2009, respectively; $20,000 is included in the accounts payable balance on
the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition at March 31, 2010
(unaudited) and December 31, 2009.
Carl
Miller received a salary of $30,000 (unaudited) and $20,000 for the periods
ending March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.
Gilbertie
Herb Farm was paid $9,000 for rent for the period September 1, 2009 through
December 31, 2010. Prepaid Expenses on the Statement of Financial
Condition included prepaid rent of $4,500 (unaudited) and $6,000 at March 31,
2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.
Note 6 — Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
In June
2009, the FASB issued SFAS No.
168, “The FASB Accounting
Standards Codification TM and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles – a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162 ” (“SFAS 168”). The
FASB Accounting Standards
Codification TM , (“Codification” or “ASC”) became the source of
authoritative GAAP recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental
entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under authority of federal
securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. On
the effective date of SFAS 168, the Codification superseded all then-existing
non-SEC accounting and reporting standards. All other non-grandfathered non-SEC
accounting literature not included in the Codification became non-authoritative.
Following
SFAS 168, the FASB will no longer issue new standards in the form of Statements,
FASB Staff Positions, or Emerging Issues Task Force Abstracts; instead, it will
issue Accounting Standards Updates (ASU’s). The FASB will not consider ASU’s as
authoritative in their own right; rather these updates will serve only to update
the Codification, provide background information about the guidance, and provide
the bases for conclusions on the change(s) in the Codification. SFAS
No. 168 is incorporated in ASC Topic 105, Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles. The Company has adopted SFAS No. 168, and the
Company will provide reference to both the Codification topic reference and the
previously authoritative references related to Codification topics and
subtopics, as appropriate.
In March
2008, the FASB released FASB Statement No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities (“Statement No.
161”). Statement No. 161, which is incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No.
815, “Derivatives
and Hedging”, requires qualitative disclosures about
objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about
fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and
disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative
agreements. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the
Company’s financial position and results of operations.
In
October 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a
Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active, which
addresses the application of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
(“SFAS”) No.157 for illiquid financial instruments. FSP FAS 157-3,
which is incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No. 820, “Fair Value Measurements and
Disclosures”, clarifies that approaches to determining fair value other
than the market approach may be appropriate when the market for a financial
asset is not active. The adoption of FSP FAS 157-3 did not have a
material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
In April
2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Staff
Position (“FSP”) FAS 157-4, “Determining Fair Value when the Volume and Level of
Activity for the Asset or Liability have Significantly Decreased and Identifying
Transactions that are not Orderly” (“FSP 157-4”), which is effective for the
Company for the quarterly period beginning September 1, 2009. FSP 157-4, which
is also incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No. 820, “Fair Value Measurements and
Disclosures”, affirms that the objective of fair value when the market
for an asset is not active is the price that would be received to sell an asset
or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. The FSP
provides guidance for estimating fair value when the volume and level of market
activity for an asset or liability have significantly decreased and determining
whether a transaction was orderly. This FSP applies to all fair value
measurements when appropriate. The adoption of FSP FAS 157-4 did not have a
material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
In
April 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) SFAS No. 107-1
and Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 28-1 (“APB
No. 28-1”), “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial
Instruments,” which amends SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of
Financial Instruments,” and requires disclosures about the fair value of
financial instruments for interim reporting periods of publicly traded companies
as well as in annual financial statements. FSP SFAS No. 107-1 and APB
No. 28-1, which is now incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No. 825, “Financial Instruments”,
also amends APB Opinion No. 28, “Interim Financial Reporting,” to require
those disclosures in summarized financial information for interim reporting
periods. FSP SFAS No. 107-1 and APB No. 28-1 is effective for interim
reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption of FSP SFAS No.
107-1 and APB No. 28-1 did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial
position and results of operations.
In
May 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 165, “Subsequent
Events” (“SFAS 165”). This standard, which is incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No.
855, “Subsequent
Events”, is intended to establish general standards of accounting for and
disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before
financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. Specifically,
this standard sets forth the period after the balance sheet date during which
management of a reporting entity should evaluate events or transactions that may
occur for potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements, the
circumstances under which an entity should recognize events or transactions
occurring after the balance sheet date in its financial statements, and the
disclosures that an entity should make about events or transactions that
occurred after the balance sheet date. SFAS 165 is effective for
fiscal years and interim periods ended after June 15, 2009 and will be
applied prospectively. The adoption of this standard did not have a material
impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
In June
2009, the FASB issued guidance on the consolidation of variable interest
entities. The new guidance requires revised evaluations of whether entities
represent variable interest entities, ongoing assessments of control over such
entities, and additional disclosures for variable interests. The adoption of
this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position
and results of operations.
In
January 2010, the FASB issued guidance to amend the disclosure requirements
related to recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements. The guidance
requires new disclosures on the transfers of assets and liabilities between
Level 1 (quoted prices in active market for identical assets or liabilities) and
Level 2 (significant other observable inputs) of the fair value measurement
hierarchy, including the reasons and the timing of the transfers. Additionally,
the guidance requires a roll forward of activities on purchases, sales,
issuance, and settlements of the assets and liabilities measured using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measurements). Other than
requiring additional disclosures, adoption of this new guidance will not have a
material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and will be
effective January 1, 2011.
At
inception, the Company adopted the guidance issued by the FASB that changes the
accounting and reporting for non-controlling interests. Non-controlling
interests are to be reported as a component of equity separate from the parent’s
equity, and purchases or sales of equity interests that do not result in a
change in control are to be accounted for as equity transactions. In addition,
net income attributable to a non-controlling interest is to be included in net
income and, upon a loss of control, the interest sold, as well as any interest
retained, is to be recorded at fair value with any gain or loss recognized in
net income. Adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on the
Company’s consolidated financial statements.
TEUCRIUM
COMMODITY TRUST — INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
Page
|
|
|
|
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
|
112
|
|
|
|
Statement
of Assets and Liabilities
|
|
113
|
|
|
|
Notes
to Statement of Assets and Liabilities
|
|
113
|
Report of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the
Sponsor of
Teucrium
Commodity Trust
We have
audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Teucrium
Commodity Trust (the
“Trust”) as of December 31, 2009. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Trust’s management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. The Trust is not required to have,
nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial
reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial
reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the
effectiveness of the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our
opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Teucrium Commodity Trust as of December 31, 2009,
in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Rothstein, Kass & Company,
P.C.
Roseland,
New Jersey
March
22, 2010
TEUCRIUM
COMMODITY TRUST
STATEMENT
OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Assets
|
March
31, 2010
(unaudited)
|
|
December
31, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
Assets
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial
statement.
Teucrium
Commodity Trust
NOTES
TO STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Note
1 — Organization and Business
Teucrium
Commodity Trust (“Trust”) is a Delaware statutory trust organized on September
11, 2009, and is a series trust which includes Teucrium Corn Fund (the “Fund”),
a commodity pool that will issue shares that may be purchased and sold on the
New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) Arca. Additional series of the Trust that will
be separate commodity pools may be created in the future, but the Fund is
currently the Trust’s only series. The Trust and the Fund operate
pursuant to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust and Trust Agreement (the “Trust
Agreement”). The Fund was formed and is managed and controlled by the
Sponsor, Teucrium Trading, LLC. The Sponsor is a limited liability company
formed in Delaware on July 28, 2009 that is registered as a commodity pool
operator (“CPO”) with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and is a
member of the National Futures Association (“NFA”).
The
investment objective of the Fund is to have the daily changes in percentage
terms of the shares’ net asset value (“NAV”) reflect the daily changes in
percentage terms of a weighted average of the closing settlement prices for
three futures contracts for corn (“Corn Futures Contracts”) that are traded on
the Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”), specifically (1) the second-to-expire CBOT
Corn Futures Contract, weighted 35%, (2) the third-to-expire CBOT Corn Futures
Contract, weighted 30%, and (3) the CBOT Corn Futures Contract expiring in the
December following the expiration month of the third-to-expire contract,
weighted 35%, less the Fund’s expenses.
The Fund
seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing under normal market
conditions in the three Corn Futures Contracts set forth in the preceding
paragraph or, in certain circumstances, in other Corn Futures Contracts traded
on the CBOT or on foreign exchanges. In addition, and to a limited
extent, the Fund also may invest in corn-based swap agreements that are cleared
through the CBOT or its affiliated provider of clearing services (“Cleared Corn
Swaps”) in furtherance of the Fund's investment objective. Once
position limits in Corn Futures Contracts are applicable, the Fund's intention
is to invest first in Cleared Corn Swaps to the extent permitted by the position
limits applicable to Cleared Corn Swaps and appropriate in light of the
liquidity in the Cleared Corn Swap market, and then in contracts and instruments
such as cash-settled options on Corn Futures Contracts and forward contracts,
swaps other than Cleared Corn Swaps, and other over-the-counter transactions
that are based on the price of corn and Corn Futures Contracts (collectively,
“Other Corn Interests,” and together with Corn Futures Contracts and Cleared
Corn Swaps, “Corn Interests”). The Sponsor expects to
manage the Fund’s investments directly, although it has been authorized by the
Trust to retain, establish the terms of retention for, and terminate third-party
commodity trading advisors to provide such management. The Sponsor is
also authorized to select futures commission merchants to execute the Fund’s
transactions in Corn Futures Contracts.
The Fund
will invest in Corn Interests to the fullest extent possible without being
leveraged or unable to satisfy its expected current or potential margin or
collateral obligations with respect to its investments in Corn
Interests. After fulfilling such margin and collateral requirements,
the Fund will invest the remainder of its proceeds from the sale of baskets in
short-term obligations of the United States government (“Treasury Securities”)
or other cash equivalents, and/or merely hold such assets in cash (generally in
interest-bearing accounts). Therefore, the focus of the Sponsor in
managing the Fund is investing in Corn Interests and in Treasury Securities,
cash and/or cash equivalents. The Fund will earn interest
income from the Treasury Securities and/or cash equivalents that it purchases
and on the cash it holds through the Custodian.
The Fund
will create and redeem units only in blocks called creation baskets and
redemption baskets, respectively. Only authorized purchasers may
purchase or redeem creation baskets or redemption baskets. An
authorized purchaser is under no obligation to create or redeem baskets, and an
authorized purchaser is under no obligation to offer to the public units of any
baskets it does create. Baskets are generally created when there is a
demand for units, including, but not limited to, when the market price per unit
is at (or perceived to be at) a premium to the NAV per
share. Authorized purchasers will then sell such units, which will be
listed on the NYSE (“New York Stock Exchange”) Arca, to the public at per-unit
offering prices that are expected to reflect, among other factors, the trading
price of the units on the NYSE Arca, the NAV of the Fund at the time the
authorized purchaser purchased the creation baskets and the NAV at the time of
the offer of the units to the public, the supply of and demand for units at the
time of sale, and the liquidity of the corn futures contracts market and the
market for other corn interests. The prices of units offered by
authorized purchasers are expected to fall between the Fund’s NAV and the
trading price of the units on the NYSE Arca at the time of
sale. Similarly, baskets are generally redeemed when the market price
per unit is at (or perceived to be at) a discount to the NAV per
share. Retail investors seeking to purchase or sell units on any day
are expected to effect such transactions in the secondary market, on the NYSE
Arca, at the market price per unit, rather than in connection with the creation
or redemption of baskets.
Sponsor
Fee
Under the
Trust Agreement, the Sponsor is responsible for investing the assets of the Fund
in accordance with the objectives and policies of the Fund. In addition, the
Sponsor will arrange for one or more third parties to provide administrative,
custody, accounting, transfer agency and other necessary services to the Fund.
For these services, the Fund is contractually obligated to pay a monthly
management fee to the Sponsor, based on average daily net assets, at a rate
equal to 1.00% per annum on average net assets. The Fund will pay for all
brokerage fees, taxes and other expenses, including licensing fees for the use
of intellectual property, registration or other fees paid to the Securities and
Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
(“FINRA”), formerly the National Association of Securities Dealers, or any other
regulatory agency in connection with the offer and sale of subsequent Units
after its initial registration and all legal, accounting, printing and other
expenses associated therewith. The Fund also pays the fees and expenses
associated with the Trust’s tax accounting and reporting requirements with the
exception of certain initial implementation services fees and base services fees
which will be paid by the Sponsor.
Income
Taxes
The Trust
does not record a provision for income taxes because the partners report their
share of the Trust’s income or loss on their income tax returns. The
financial statements reflect the Trust’s transactions without adjustment, if
any, required for income tax purposes.
In
accordance with GAAP, the Trust is required to determine whether a tax position
is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable
taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation
processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The Trust
files an income tax return in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and may file income
tax returns in various U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions. The Trust is
subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities for all tax years
since inception. The tax benefit recognized is measured as the largest
amount of benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being
realized upon ultimate settlement. De-recognition of a tax benefit
previously recognized results in the Trust recoding a tax liability that reduces
net assets. This policy has been applied to all existing tax
positions upon the Trust’s initial adoption for the period ended December 31,
2009. Based on its analysis, the Trust has determined that the
adoption of this policy did not have a material impact on the Trust’s financial
statements upon adoption. However, the Trust’s conclusions regarding
this policy may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based on
factors including, but not limited to, on-going analysis of and changes to tax
laws, regulations, and interpretations thereof. The Trust recognizes
interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties related to
unrecognized tax benefits in income tax fees payable, if assessed. No
interest expense or penalties have been recognized as of and for the periods
ended March 31, 2010 (unaudited) and December 31, 2009.
Additions
and Redemptions
Authorized
purchasers may purchase creation baskets consisting of 100,000 units from the
Fund as of the beginning of each business day based upon the prior day’s net
asset value. Authorized purchasers may redeem units from the Fund only in blocks
of 100,000 units called “redemption baskets”. The amount of the redemption
proceeds for a redemption basket will be equal to the net asset value of the
units in the redemption basket determined as of 4:00 p.m. New York Time on the
day the order to redeem the basket is properly received.
The Fund
receives or pays the proceeds from units sold or redeemed within three business
days after the trade date of the purchase or redemption. The amounts due from
authorized purchasers are reflected in the Fund’s statement of assets and
liabilities as receivable for Units sold and amounts payable to authorized
purchasers upon redemption is reflected as payable for Units redeemed.
Calculation
of Net Asset Value
The
Fund’s NAV is calculated by:
|
·
|
Taking
the current market value of its total assets, and
|
|
·
|
Subtracting
any liabilities.
|
The
administrator will calculate the NAV of the Fund once each trading
day. It will calculate NAV as of the earlier of the close of the New
York Stock Exchange or 4:00 p.m. New York time. The NAV for a
particular trading day will be released after 4:15 p.m. New York time.
In
determining the value of Corn Futures Contracts, the administrator will use the
CBOT closing price (typically 2:15 p.m. New York time). The
administrator will determine the value of all other Fund investments as of the
earlier of the close of the New York Stock Exchange or 4:00 p.m. New York time.
The value of over-the-counter corn interests will be determined based on the
value of the commodity or futures contract underlying such corn interest, except
that a fair value may be determined if the sponsor believes that the Fund is
subject to significant credit risk relating to the counterparty to such corn
interest. Treasury Securities held by the Fund will be valued by the
administrator using values received from recognized third-party vendors and
dealer quotes. NAV will include any unrealized profit or loss on open
corn interests and any other income or expense accruing to the Fund but unpaid
or not received by the Fund.
Basis
of Presentation
The
accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the three
months ended March 31, 2010 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and were prepared on the
same basis as the consolidated financial statements for the period ended
December 31, 2009. In the opinion of management, all adjustments,
consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair
presentation of the information for this interim period, have been
made. The operations for such interim period are not necessarily
indicative of the operations for the full year.
Use
of Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements, and the reported amounts of the revenue and expenses
during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Subsequent
Events
The
audited financial statements for the period from Inception (September 1, 2009)
through December 31, 2009 were approved by management and available for issuance
on March 22, 2010. Subsequent events related to the audited financial statements
have been evaluated through this date.
Note 2 — Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
In June
2009, the FASB issued SFAS No.
168, “The FASB Accounting
Standards Codification TM and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles – a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162 ” (“SFAS 168”). The
FASB Accounting Standards
Codification TM , (“Codification” or “ASC”) became the source of
authoritative GAAP recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental
entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under authority of federal
securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. On
the effective date of SFAS 168, the Codification superseded all then-existing
non-SEC accounting and reporting standards. All other non-grandfathered non-SEC
accounting literature not included in the Codification became non-authoritative.
Following
SFAS 168, the FASB will no longer issue new standards in the form of Statements,
FASB Staff Positions, or Emerging Issues Task Force Abstracts; instead, it will
issue Accounting Standards Updates (ASU’s). The FASB will not consider ASU’s as
authoritative in their own right; rather these updates will serve only to update
the Codification, provide background information about the guidance, and provide
the bases for conclusions on the change(s) in the Codification. SFAS
No. 168 is incorporated in ASC Topic 105, Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles. The Trust has adopted SFAS No. 168, and the
Company will provide reference to both the Codification topic reference and the
previously authoritative references related to Codification topics and
subtopics, as appropriate.
In March
2008, the FASB released FASB Statement No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities (“Statement No.
161”). Statement No. 161, which is incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No.
815, “Derivatives
and Hedging”, requires qualitative disclosures about
objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about
fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and
disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative
agreements. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the
Trust’s financial position and results of operations.
In
October 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a
Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active, which
addresses the application of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
(“SFAS”) No.157 for illiquid financial instruments. FSP FAS 157-3,
which is incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No. 820, “Fair Value Measurements and
Disclosures”, clarifies that approaches to determining fair value other
than the market approach may be appropriate when the market for a financial
asset is not active. The adoption of FSP FAS 157-3 did not have a
material effect on the Trust’s financial statements.
In April
2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Staff
Position (“FSP”) FAS 157-4, “Determining Fair Value when the Volume and Level of
Activity for the Asset or Liability have Significantly Decreased and Identifying
Transactions that are not Orderly” (“FSP 157-4”), which is effective for the
Company for the quarterly period beginning September 1, 2009. FSP 157-4, which
is also incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No. 820, “Fair Value Measurements and
Disclosures”, affirms that the objective of fair value when the market
for an asset is not active is the price that would be received to sell an asset
or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. The FSP
provides guidance for estimating fair value when the volume and level of market
activity for an asset or liability have significantly decreased and determining
whether a transaction was orderly. This FSP applies to all fair value
measurements when appropriate. The adoption of FSP FAS 157-4 did not have a
material effect on the Trust’s financial statements.
In
April 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) SFAS No. 107-1
and Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 28-1 (“APB
No. 28-1”), “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial
Instruments,” which amends SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of
Financial Instruments,” and requires disclosures about the fair value of
financial instruments for interim reporting periods of publicly traded companies
as well as in annual financial statements. FSP SFAS No. 107-1 and APB
No. 28-1, which is now incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No. 825, “Financial Instruments”,
also amends APB Opinion No. 28, “Interim Financial Reporting,” to require
those disclosures in summarized financial information for interim reporting
periods. FSP SFAS No. 107-1 and APB No. 28-1 is effective for interim
reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption of FSP SFAS
No. 107-1 and APB No. 28-1 did not have a material effect on the
Trust’s financial position and results of operations.
In
May 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 165, “Subsequent
Events” (“SFAS 165”). This standard, which is incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No.
855, “Subsequent
Events”, is intended to establish general standards of accounting for and
disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before
financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. Specifically,
this standard sets forth the period after the balance sheet date during which
management of a reporting entity should evaluate events or transactions that may
occur for potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements, the
circumstances under which an entity should recognize events or transactions
occurring after the balance sheet date in its financial statements, and the
disclosures that an entity should make about events or transactions that
occurred after the balance sheet date. SFAS 165 is effective for
fiscal years and interim periods ended after June 15, 2009 and will be
applied prospectively. The adoption of this standard did not have a material
impact on the results of operations and financial position.
In
January 2010, the FASB issued guidance to amend the disclosure requirements
related to recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements. The guidance
requires new disclosures on the transfers of assets and liabilities between
Level 1 (quoted prices in active market for identical assets or liabilities) and
Level 2 (significant other observable inputs) of the fair value measurement
hierarchy, including the reasons and the timing of the transfers. Additionally,
the guidance requires a roll forward of activities on purchases, sales,
issuance, and settlements of the assets and liabilities measured using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measurements). Other than
requiring additional disclosures, adoption of this new guidance will not have a
material impact on the Trust’s financial statements.
Note
3 - Organizational and Offering Costs
Expenses
incurred in organizing of the Trust and the initial offering of the shares,
including applicable SEC registration fees will be borne directly by the
Sponsor. The Trust will not be obligated to reimburse the Sponsor.
Note
4 - Indemnification
Under the
Trust Agreement, the trustee (and its directors, employees and agents) is
indemnified against any liability, cost or expense it incurs without gross
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on its part and without reckless
disregard on its part of its obligations and duties under the Trust’s
organizational documents. The Trust’s maximum exposure under these arrangements
is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the
Trust that have not yet occurred.
TEUCRIUM
CORN FUND — INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
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119
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Statement
of Assets and Liabilities
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120
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120
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Report of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the
Sponsor of
Teucrium
Corn Fund
We have
audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Teucrium Corn
Fund (the “Fund”) as
of December 31, 2009. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. The Fund is not required to have,
nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial
reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial
reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the
effectiveness of the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our
opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Teucrium Corn Fund as of December 31, 2009,
in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Rothstein, Kass & Company,
P.C.
Roseland,
New Jersey
March
22, 2010
TEUCRIUM
CORN FUND
STATEMENT
OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Assets
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|
March
31, 2010
(unaudited)
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December
31, 2009
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|
Cash
|
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$
|
100
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|
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$
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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Net Assets
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$
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100
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$
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100
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The
accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial
statement.
Teucrium
Corn Fund
NOTES
TO STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Note
1 — Organization and Business
Teucrium
Corn Fund (the “Fund”), is a series of Teucrium Commodity Trust
(“Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust organized on September 11, 2009. The
Fund operates pursuant to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust and Trust Agreement
(the “Trust Agreement”). The Fund was formed and is managed and
controlled by the Sponsor, Teucrium Trading, LLC. The Sponsor is a limited
liability company formed in Delaware on July 28, 2009 that is registered as a
commodity pool operator (“CPO”) with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission
(“CFTC”) and is a member of the National Futures Association (“NFA”).
The
investment objective of the Fund is to have the daily changes in percentage
terms of the shares’ net asset value (“NAV”) reflect the daily changes in
percentage terms of a weighted average of the closing settlement prices for
three futures contracts for corn (“Corn Futures Contracts”) that are traded on
the Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”), specifically (1) the second-to-expire CBOT
Corn Futures Contract, weighted 35%, (2) the third-to-expire CBOT Corn Futures
Contract, weighted 30%, and (3) the CBOT Corn Futures Contract expiring in the
December following the expiration month of the third-to-expire contract,
weighted 35%, less the Fund’s expenses.
The Fund
seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing under normal market
conditions in the three Corn Futures Contracts set forth in the preceding
paragraph or, in certain circumstances, in other Corn Futures Contracts traded
on the CBOT or on foreign exchanges. In addition, and to a limited
extent, the Fund also may invest in corn-based swap agreements that are cleared
through the CBOT or its affiliated provider of clearing services (“Cleared Corn
Swaps”) in furtherance of the Fund's investment objective. Once
position limits in Corn Futures Contracts are applicable, the Fund's intention
is to invest first in Cleared Corn Swaps to the extent permitted by the position
limits applicable to Cleared Corn Swaps and appropriate in light of the
liquidity in the Cleared Corn Swap market, and then in contracts and instruments
such as cash-settled options on Corn Futures Contracts and forward contracts,
swaps other than Cleared Corn Swaps, and other over-the-counter transactions
that are based on the price of corn and Corn Futures Contracts (collectively,
“Other Corn Interests,” and together with Corn Futures Contracts and Cleared
Corn Swaps, “Corn Interests”). The Sponsor expects to manage the
Fund’s investments directly, although it has been authorized by the Trust to
retain, establish the terms of retention for, and terminate third-party
commodity trading advisors to provide such management. The Sponsor is
also authorized to select futures commission merchants to execute the Fund’s
transactions in Corn Futures Contracts.
The Fund
will invest in Corn Interests to the fullest extent possible without being
leveraged or unable to satisfy its expected current or potential margin or
collateral obligations with respect to its investments in Corn
Interests. After fulfilling such margin and collateral requirements,
the Fund will invest the remainder of its proceeds from the sale of baskets in
short-term obligations of the United States government (“Treasury Securities”)
or other cash equivalents, and/or merely hold such assets in cash (generally in
interest-bearing accounts). Therefore, the focus of the Sponsor in
managing the Fund is investing in Corn Interests and in Treasury Securities,
cash and/or cash equivalents. The Fund will earn interest
income from the Treasury Securities and/or cash equivalents that it purchases
and on the cash it holds through the Custodian.
The Fund
will create and redeem units only in blocks called creation baskets and
redemption baskets, respectively. Only authorized purchasers may
purchase or redeem creation baskets or redemption baskets. An
authorized purchaser is under no obligation to create or redeem baskets, and an
authorized purchaser is under no obligation to offer to the public units of any
baskets it does create. Baskets are generally created when there is a
demand for units, including, but not limited to, when the market price per unit
is at (or perceived to be at) a premium to the NAV per
share. Authorized purchasers will then sell such units, which will be
listed on the NYSE (“New York Stock Exchange”) Arca, to the public at per-unit
offering prices that are expected to reflect, among other factors, the trading
price of the units on the NYSE Arca, the NAV of the Fund at the time the
authorized purchaser purchased the creation baskets and the NAV at the time of
the offer of the units to the public, the supply of and demand for units at the
time of sale, and the liquidity of the corn futures contracts market and the
market for other corn interests. The prices of units offered by
authorized purchasers are expected to fall between the Fund’s NAV and the
trading price of the units on the NYSE Arca at the time of
sale. Similarly, baskets are generally redeemed when the market price
per unit is at (or perceived to be at) a discount to the NAV per
share. Retail investors seeking to purchase or sell units on any day
are expected to effect such transactions in the secondary market, on the NYSE
Arca, at the market price per unit, rather than in connection with the creation
or redemption of baskets.
Sponsor
Fee
Under the
Trust Agreement, the Sponsor is responsible for investing the assets of the Fund
in accordance with the objectives and policies of the Fund. In addition, the
Sponsor will arrange for one or more third parties to provide administrative,
custody, accounting, transfer agency and other necessary services to the Fund.
For these services, the Fund is contractually obligated to pay a monthly
management fee to the Sponsor, based on average daily net assets, at a rate
equal to 1.00% per annum on average net assets. The Fund will pay for all
brokerage fees, taxes and other expenses, including licensing fees for the use
of intellectual property, registration or other fees paid to the Securities and
Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
(“FINRA”), formerly the National Association of Securities Dealers, or any other
regulatory agency in connection with the offer and sale of subsequent Units
after its initial registration and all legal, accounting, printing and other
expenses associated therewith. The Fund also pays the fees and expenses
associated with the Trust’s tax accounting and reporting requirements with the
exception of certain initial implementation services fees and base services fees
which will be paid by the Sponsor.
Income
Taxes
The Fund
does not record a provision for income taxes because the partners report their
share of the Fund’s income or loss on their income tax returns. The
financial statements reflect the Fund’s transactions without adjustment, if any,
required for income tax purposes.
In
accordance with GAAP, the Fund is required to determine whether a tax position
is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable
taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation
processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The Fund
files an income tax return in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and may file income
tax returns in various U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions. The
Fund is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities for all
tax years since inception. The tax benefit recognized is measured as the largest
amount of benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being
realized upon ultimate settlement. De-recognition of a tax benefit
previously recognized results in the Fund recoding a tax liability that reduces
net assets. This policy has been applied to all existing tax
positions upon the Fund’s initial adoption for the period ended December 31,
2009. Based on its analysis, the Fund has determined that the
adoption of this policy did not have a material impact on the Fund’s financial
statements upon adoption. However, the Fund’s conclusions regarding
this policy may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based on
factors including, but not limited to, on-going analysis of and changes to tax
laws, regulations, and interpretations thereof. The Fund recognizes
interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties related to
unrecognized tax benefits in income tax fees payable, if assessed. No
interest expense or penalties have been recognized as of and for the periods
ended March 31, 2010 (unaudited) and December 31, 2009.
Additions
and Redemptions
Authorized
purchasers may purchase creation baskets consisting of 100,000 units from the
Fund as of the beginning of each business day based upon the prior day’s net
asset value. Authorized purchasers may redeem units from the Fund only in blocks
of 100,000 units called “redemption baskets”. The amount of the redemption
proceeds for a redemption basket will be equal to the net asset value of the
units in the redemption basket determined as of 4:00 p.m. New York Time on the
day the order to redeem the basket is properly received.
The Fund
receives or pays the proceeds from units sold or redeemed within three business
days after the trade date of the purchase or redemption. The amounts due from
authorized purchasers are reflected in the Fund’s statement of assets and
liabilities as receivable for Units sold and amounts payable to authorized
purchasers upon redemption is reflected as payable for Units redeemed.
Calculation
of Net Asset Value
The
Fund’s NAV is calculated by:
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·
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Taking
the current market value of its total assets, and
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·
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Subtracting
any liabilities.
|
The
administrator will calculate the NAV of the Fund once each trading
day. It will calculate NAV as of the earlier of the close of the New
York Stock Exchange or 4:00 p.m. New York time. The NAV for a
particular trading day will be released after 4:15 p.m. New York time.
In
determining the value of Corn Futures Contracts, the administrator will use the
CBOT closing price (typically 2:15 p.m. New York time). The
administrator will determine the value of all other Fund investments as of the
earlier of the close of the New York Stock Exchange or 4:00 p.m. New York time.
The value of over-the-counter corn interests will be determined based on the
value of the commodity or futures contract underlying such corn interest, except
that a fair value may be determined if the sponsor believes that the Fund is
subject to significant credit risk relating to the counterparty to such corn
interest. Treasury Securities held by the Fund will be valued by the
administrator using values received from recognized third-party vendors and
dealer quotes. NAV will include any unrealized profit or loss on open
corn interests and any other income or expense accruing to the Fund but unpaid
or not received by the Fund.
Basis
of Presentation
The
accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the three
months ended March 31, 2010 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and were prepared on the
same basis as the consolidated financial statements for the period ended
December 31, 2009. In the opinion of management, all adjustments,
consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair
presentation of the information for this interim period, have been
made. The operations for such interim period are not necessarily
indicative of the operations for the full year.
Use
of Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements, and the reported amounts of the revenue and expenses
during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Subsequent
Events
The
audited financial statements for the period from Inception (September 1, 2009)
through December 31, 2009 were approved by management and available for issuance
on March 22, 2010. Subsequent events related to the audited financial statements
have been evaluated through this date.
Note 2 — Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
In June
2009, the FASB issued SFAS No.
168, “The FASB Accounting
Standards Codification TM and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles – a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162 ” (“SFAS 168”). The
FASB Accounting Standards
Codification TM , (“Codification” or “ASC”) became the source of
authoritative GAAP recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental
entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under authority of federal
securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. On
the effective date of SFAS 168, the Codification superseded all then-existing
non-SEC accounting and reporting standards. All other non-grandfathered non-SEC
accounting literature not included in the Codification became non-authoritative.
Following
SFAS 168, the FASB will no longer issue new standards in the form of Statements,
FASB Staff Positions, or Emerging Issues Task Force Abstracts; instead, it will
issue Accounting Standards Updates (ASU’s). The FASB will not consider ASU’s as
authoritative in their own right; rather these updates will serve only to update
the Codification, provide background information about the guidance, and provide
the bases for conclusions on the change(s) in the Codification. SFAS
No. 168 is incorporated in ASC Topic 105, Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles. The Fund has adopted SFAS No. 168, and the Company
will provide reference to both the Codification topic reference and the
previously authoritative references related to Codification topics and
subtopics, as appropriate.
In March
2008, the FASB released FASB Statement No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities (“Statement No.
161”). Statement No. 161, which is incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No.
815, “Derivatives
and Hedging”, requires qualitative disclosures about
objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about
fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and
disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative
agreements. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the
Fund’s financial position and results of operations.
In
October 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a
Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active, which
addresses the application of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
(“SFAS”) No.157 for illiquid financial instruments. FSP FAS 157-3,
which is incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No. 820, “Fair Value Measurements and
Disclosures”, clarifies that approaches to determining fair value other
than the market approach may be appropriate when the market for a financial
asset is not active. The adoption of FSP FAS 157-3 did not have a
material effect on the Fund’s financial statements.
In April
2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Staff
Position (“FSP”) FAS 157-4, “Determining Fair Value when the Volume and Level of
Activity for the Asset or Liability have Significantly Decreased and Identifying
Transactions that are not Orderly” (“FSP 157-4”), which is effective for the
Company for the quarterly period beginning September 1, 2009. FSP 157-4, which
is also incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No. 820, “Fair Value Measurements and
Disclosures”, affirms that the objective of fair value when the market
for an asset is not active is the price that would be received to sell an asset
or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. The FSP
provides guidance for estimating fair value when the volume and level of market
activity for an asset or liability have significantly decreased and determining
whether a transaction was orderly. This FSP applies to all fair value
measurements when appropriate. The adoption of FSP FAS 157-4 did not have a
material effect on the Fund’s financial statements.
In
April 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) SFAS No. 107-1
and Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 28-1 (“APB
No. 28-1”), “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial
Instruments,” which amends SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of
Financial Instruments,” and requires disclosures about the fair value of
financial instruments for interim reporting periods of publicly traded companies
as well as in annual financial statements. FSP SFAS No. 107-1 and APB
No. 28-1, which is now incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No. 825, “Financial Instruments”,
also amends APB Opinion No. 28, “Interim Financial Reporting,” to require
those disclosures in summarized financial information for interim reporting
periods. FSP SFAS No. 107-1 and APB No. 28-1 is effective for interim
reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009. The adoption of FSP SFAS
No. 107-1 and APB No. 28-1 did not have a material effect on the
Fund’s financial position and results of operations.
In
May 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 165, “Subsequent
Events” (“SFAS 165”). This standard, which is incorporated in FASB ASC Topic No.
855, “Subsequent
Events”, is intended to establish general standards of accounting for and
disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before
financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. Specifically,
this standard sets forth the period after the balance sheet date during which
management of a reporting entity should evaluate events or transactions that may
occur for potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements, the
circumstances under which an entity should recognize events or transactions
occurring after the balance sheet date in its financial statements, and the
disclosures that an entity should make about events or transactions that
occurred after the balance sheet date. SFAS 165 is effective for
fiscal years and interim periods ended after June 15, 2009 and will be
applied prospectively. The adoption of this standard did not have a material
impact on the results of operations and financial position.
In
January 2010, the FASB issued guidance to amend the disclosure requirements
related to recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements. The guidance
requires new disclosures on the transfers of assets and liabilities between
Level 1 (quoted prices in active market for identical assets or liabilities) and
Level 2 (significant other observable inputs) of the fair value measurement
hierarchy, including the reasons and the timing of the transfers. Additionally,
the guidance requires a roll forward of activities on purchases, sales,
issuance, and settlements of the assets and liabilities measured using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measurements). Other than
requiring additional disclosures, adoption of this new guidance will not have a
material impact on the Fund’s financial statements.
Note
3 - Organizational and Offering Costs
Expenses
incurred in organizing of the Fund and the initial offering of the shares,
including applicable SEC registration fees will be borne directly by the
Sponsor. The Fund will not be obligated to reimburse the Sponsor.
Note
4 - Indemnification
Under the
Trust Agreement, the trustee (and its directors, employees and agents) is
indemnified against any liability, cost or expense it incurs without gross
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on its part and without reckless
disregard on its part of its obligations and duties under the Trust’s
organizational documents. The Fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements
is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Fund
that have not yet occurred.
APPENDIX
A
Glossary
of Defined Terms
In this
prospectus, each of the following terms have the meanings set forth after such
term:
Administrator: The Bank of New
York Mellon
Authorized
Purchaser: One that purchases or redeems Creation Baskets or
Redemption Baskets, respectively, from or to the Fund.
Benchmark: A
weighted average of daily changes in the closing settlement prices of (1) the
second-to-expire Corn Futures Contract traded on the CBOT, weighted 35%, (2) the
third-to-expire CBOT Corn Futures Contract, weighted 30%, and (3) the CBOT Corn
Futures Contract expiring in the December following the expiration month of
third-to-expire contract, weighted 35%.
Benchmark Component Futures
Contracts: The three Corn Futures Contracts that at any given
time make up the Benchmark.
Business Day: Any
day other than a day when any of the NYSE Arca, the CBOT or the New York Stock
Exchange is closed for regular trading.
CFTC: Commodity
Futures Trading Commission, an independent agency with the mandate to regulate
commodity futures and options in the United States.
Chicago Board of Trade
(CBOT): The primary exchange on which Corn Futures Contracts
are traded in the U.S. The Fund expressly disclaims any association
with the CBOT or endorsement of the Fund by the CBOT and acknowledges that
“CBOT” and “Chicago Board of Trade” are registered trademarks of such
exchange.
Cleared Corn
Swap: A corn-based swap agreement that is cleared through the
CBOT or its affiliated provider of clearing services.
Code: Internal Revenue
Code.
Commodity Pool: An
enterprise in which several individuals contribute funds in order to trade
futures contracts or options on futures contracts collectively.
Commodity Pool Operator or
CPO: Any person engaged in a business which is of the nature
of an investment trust, syndicate, or similar enterprise, and who, in connection
therewith, solicits, accepts, or receives from others, funds, securities, or
property, either directly or through capital contributions, the sale of stock or
other forms of securities, or otherwise, for the purpose of trading in any
commodity for future delivery or commodity option on or subject to the rules of
any contract market.
Corn Futures
Contracts: Futures contracts for corn that are traded on the
CBOT or foreign exchanges.
Corn
Interests: Corn Futures Contract, Cleared Corn Swaps and Other
Corn Interests.
Creation Basket: A
block of 100,000 Shares used by the Fund to issue Shares.
Custodian: The Bank
of New York Mellon
DTC: The Depository
Trust Company. DTC will act as the securities depository for the
Shares.
DTC Participant: An
entity that has an account with DTC.
DTEF: A derivatives
transaction execution facility.
Exchange Act: The
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Exchange for
Risk: A privately negotiated and simultaneous exchange of a
futures contract position for a swap or other over-the-counter instrument on the
corresponding commodity.
FINRA: Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority, formerly the National Association of Securities
Dealers.
Indirect
Participants: Banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that
clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant,
either directly or indirectly.
Limited Liability Company
(LLC): A type of business ownership combining several features
of corporation and partnership structures.
Margin: The amount
of equity required for an investment in futures contracts.
NAV: Net Asset
Value of the Fund.
NFA: National
Futures Association.
NSCC: National
Securities Clearing Corporation.
1933 Act: The
Securities Act of 1933.
Option: The right,
but not the obligation, to buy or sell a futures contract or forward contract at
a specified price on or before a specified date.
Other Corn
Interests: Other corn-related investments such as options on
Corn Futures Contracts, swaps agreements other than Cleared Corn Swaps and
forward contracts relating to corn, and over-the-counter transactions that are
based on the price of corn, Corn Futures Contracts and indices based on the
foregoing.
Over-the-Counter
Derivative: A financial contract, whose value is designed to
track the return on stocks, bonds, currencies, commodities, or some other
benchmark, that is traded over-the-counter or off organized
exchanges.
Redemption
Basket: A block of 100,000 Shares used by the Fund to redeem
Shares.
SEC: Securities and
Exchange Commission.
Secondary
Market: The stock exchanges and the over-the-counter market.
Securities are first issued as a primary offering to the public. When the
securities are traded from that first holder to another, the issues trade in
these secondary markets.
Shareholders: Holders
of Shares.
Shares: Common
units representing fractional undivided beneficial interests in the
Fund.
Sponsor: Teucrium
Trading, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which is registered as a
Commodity Pool Operator, who controls the investments and other decisions of the
Fund.
Spot Contract: A
cash market transaction in which the buyer and seller agree to the immediate
purchase and sale of a commodity, usually with a two-day
settlement.
Swap Agreement: An
over-the-counter derivative that generally involves an exchange of a stream of
payments between the contracting parties based on a notional amount and a
specified index.
Tracking
Error: Possibility that the daily NAV of the Fund will not
track the Benchmark.
Treasury
Securities: Obligations of the U.S. government with remaining
maturities of 2 years or less.
Trust
Agreement: The Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust and
Trust Agreement of the Trust effective as of March 31, 2010.
Valuation Day: Any
day as of which the Fund calculates its NAV.
You: The owner of
Shares.
[This
page intentionally left blank.]
STATEMENT
OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
TEUCRIUM
CORN FUND
This
statement of additional information is the second part of a two part
document. The first part is the Fund’s disclosure
document. The disclosure document and this statement of additional
information are bound together, and both parts contain important
information. This statement of additional information should be read
in conjunction with the disclosure document. Before you decide
whether to invest, you should read the entire prospectus carefully and consider
the risk factors beginning on page 16.
This
statement of additional information and accompanying disclosure document are
both dated June 7, 2010.
TEUCRIUM
CORN FUND
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
|
Page
|
|
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The
Commodity Interest Markets
|
131
|
Potential
Advantages of Investment
|
141
|
Benchmark
Performance
|
142
|
The
Commodity Interest Markets
General
The
Commodity Exchange Act or CEA governs the regulation of commodity interest
transactions, markets and intermediaries. In December 2000, the CEA
was amended by the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, or CFMA, which
substantially revised the regulatory framework governing certain commodity
interest transactions and the markets on which they trade. The CEA,
as amended by the CFMA, now provides for varying degrees of regulation of
commodity interest transactions depending upon the variables of the
transaction. In general, these variables include (1) the type of
instrument being traded (e.g., contracts for future delivery, options, swaps or
spot contracts), (2) the type of commodity underlying the instrument
(distinctions are made between instruments based on agricultural commodities,
energy and metals commodities and financial commodities), (3) the nature of the
parties to the transaction (retail, eligible contract participant, or eligible
commercial entity), (4) whether the transaction is entered into on a
principal-to-principal or intermediated basis, (5) the type of market on which
the transaction occurs, and (6) whether the transaction is subject to clearing
through a clearing organization. Information regarding commodity
interest transactions, markets and intermediaries, and their associated current
regulatory environment, is provided below. Legislative and regulatory
changes relating to the information set forth below are currently being
discussed, so such information is subject to change.
Futures
Contracts
A futures
contract such as a Corn Futures Contract is a standardized contract traded on,
or subject to the rules of, an exchange that calls for the future delivery of a
specified quantity and type of a commodity at a specified time and
place. Futures contracts are traded on a wide variety of physical and
financial commodities, including agricultural products, bonds, stock indices,
interest rates, currencies, energy and metals. The size and terms of
futures contracts on a particular commodity are identical and are not subject to
any negotiation, other than with respect to price and the number of contracts
traded between the buyer and seller.
The
contractual obligations of a buyer or seller may generally be satisfied by
taking or making physical delivery of the underlying commodity or by making an
offsetting sale or purchase of an identical futures contract on the same or
linked exchange before the designated date of delivery. The
difference between the price at which the futures contract is purchased or sold
and the price paid for the offsetting sale or purchase, after allowance for
brokerage commissions, constitutes the profit or loss to the
trader. Some futures contracts, such as stock index contracts, settle
in cash (reflecting the difference between the contract purchase/sale price and
the contract settlement price) rather than by delivery of the underlying
commodity.
In market
terminology, a trader who purchases a futures contract is long in the market and
a trader who sells a futures contract is short in the market. Before
a trader closes out his long or short position by an offsetting sale or
purchase, his outstanding contracts are known as open trades or open
positions. The aggregate amount of open positions held by traders in
a particular contract is referred to as the open interest in such
contract.
Options
on Futures Contracts
Options
on futures contracts are standardized contracts traded on an
exchange. An option on futures contract gives the buyer of the option
the right, but not the obligation, to take a position at a specified price (the
striking, strike, or exercise price) in the underlying futures contract or
underlying interest. The buyer of a call option acquires the right,
but not the obligation, to purchase or take a long position in the underlying
interest, and the buyer of a put option acquires the right, but not the
obligation, to sell or take a short position in the underlying
interest.
The
seller, or writer, of an option is obligated to take a position in the
underlying interest at a specified price opposite to the option buyer if the
option is exercised. Thus, the seller of a call option must stand
ready to take a short position in the underlying interest at the strike price if
the buyer should exercise the option. The seller of a put option, on
the other hand, must stand ready to take a long position in the underlying
interest at the strike price.
A call
option is said to be in-the-money if the strike price is below current market
levels and out-of-the-money if the strike price is above current market
levels. Conversely, a put option is said to be in-the-money if the
strike price is above the current market levels and out-of-the-money if the
strike price is below current market levels.
Options
have limited life spans, usually tied to the delivery or settlement date of the
underlying interest. Some options, however, expire significantly in
advance of such date. The purchase price of an option is referred to
as its premium, which consists of its intrinsic value (which is related to the
underlying market value) plus its time value. As an option nears its
expiration date, the time value shrinks and the market and intrinsic values move
into parity. An option that is out-of-the-money and not offset by the
time it expires becomes worthless. On certain exchanges, in-the-money
options are automatically exercised on their expiration date, but on others all
unexercised options simply become worthless after their expiration
date.
Regardless
of how much the market swings, the most an option buyer can lose is the option
premium. The option buyer deposits his premium with his broker, and
the money goes to the option seller. Option sellers, on the other
hand, face risks similar to participants in the futures markets. For
example, since the seller of a call option is assigned a short futures position
if the option is exercised, his risk is the same as someone who initially sold a
futures contract. Because no one can predict exactly how the market
will move, the option seller posts margin to demonstrate his ability to meet any
potential contractual obligations.
Over-the-Counter
Contracts (Forward Contracts and Swaps)
A forward
contract is a contractual obligation to purchase or sell a specified quantity of
a commodity at or before a specified date in the future at a specified price
and, therefore, is economically similar to a futures contract. Unlike
futures contracts, however, forward contracts are typically traded in the
over-the-counter markets and are not standardized contracts. Forward
contracts for a given commodity are generally available for various amounts and
maturities and are subject to individual negotiation between the parties
involved. Moreover, generally there is no direct means of offsetting
or closing out a forward contract by taking an offsetting position as one would
a futures contract on a U.S. exchange. If a trader desires to close
out a forward contract position, he generally will establish an opposite
position in the contract but will settle and recognize the profit or loss on
both positions simultaneously on the delivery date. Thus, unlike in
the futures contract market where a trader who has offset positions will
recognize profit or loss immediately, in the forward market a trader with a
position that has been offset at a profit will generally not receive such profit
until the delivery date, and likewise a trader with a position that has been
offset at a loss will generally not have to pay money until the delivery
date. In recent years, however, the terms of forward contracts have
become more standardized, and in some instances such contracts now provide a
right of offset or cash settlement as an alternative to making or taking
delivery of the underlying commodity.
The
forward markets provide what has typically been a highly liquid market for
foreign exchange trading, and in certain cases the prices quoted for foreign
exchange forward contracts may be more favorable than the prices for foreign
exchange futures contracts traded on U.S. exchanges. The forward
markets are largely unregulated. Forward contracts are, in general,
not cleared or guaranteed by a third party. Commercial banks
participating in trading foreign exchange forward contracts often do not require
margin deposits, but rely upon internal credit limitations and their judgments
regarding the creditworthiness of their counterparties. In recent
years, however, many over-the-counter market participants in foreign exchange
trading have begun to require that their counterparties post
margin.
Swap
transactions generally involve contracts between two parties to exchange a
stream of payments computed by reference to a notional amount and the price of
the asset that is the subject of the swap. Like forward contracts,
swap agreements are principally traded off-exchange. Swaps are
usually entered into on a net basis, that is, the two payment streams are netted
out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the
agreement, with the parties receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the
net amount of the two payments. Swaps do not generally involve the
delivery of underlying assets or principal. Accordingly, the risk of
loss with respect to swaps is generally limited to the net amount of payments
that the party is contractually obligated to make. In some swap
transactions one or both parties may require collateral deposits from the
counterparty to support that counterparty’s obligation under the swap
agreement. If the counterparty to such a swap defaults, the risk of
loss consists of the net amount of payments that the party is contractually
entitled to receive less to any collateral deposits it is holding.
As the
result of the CFMA, over-the-counter derivative instruments such as forward
contracts and swap agreements (and options on forwards and physical commodities)
may begin to be traded on lightly-regulated exchanges or electronic trading
platforms that may, but are not required to, provide for clearing
facilities. (Exchanges and electronic trading platforms on which
over-the-counter instruments may be traded and the regulation and criteria for
that trading are more fully described below under “Futures Exchanges and
Clearing Organizations.”) While derivative instruments based on
agricultural commodities such as corn generally are not eligible to rely on the
CFMA exemptions, the CFTC has recently issued an order that permits Cleared Corn
Swaps. Absent a clearing facility, trading in forward contracts and
swap agreements is exposed to the creditworthiness of the counterparties on the
other side of the trades. In contrast, where a clearing facility is
present, a market participant can look to the clearing facility to guarantee the
counterparty’s performance, which effectively eliminates counterparty risk as a
concern in entering into derivative instruments.
Options
on Forward Contracts or Commodities
Options
on forward contracts or commodities operate in a manner similar to options on
futures contracts. An option on a forward contract or commodity gives
the buyer of the option the right, but not the obligation, to take a position at
a specified price in the underlying forward contract or
commodity. However, similar to forward contracts, options on forward
contracts or on commodities are individually negotiated contracts between
counterparties and are typically traded in the over-the-counter
market. Therefore, options on forward contracts and physical
commodities possess many of the same characteristics of forward contracts with
respect to offsetting positions and credit risk that are described
above. As a result of certain regulatory limitations, options on
forward contracts and other over-the-counter options relating to agricultural
commodities such as corn may not be generally available in United States
markets.
Participants
The two
broad classes of persons who trade commodities are hedgers and
speculators. Hedgers include financial institutions that manage or
deal in interest rate-sensitive instruments, foreign currencies or stock
portfolios, and commercial market participants, such as farmers and
manufacturers, that market or process commodities. Hedging is a
protective procedure designed to effectively lock in prices that would otherwise
change due to an adverse movement in the price of the underlying commodity, for
example, the adverse price movement between the time a merchandiser or processor
enters into a contract to buy or sell a raw or processed commodity at a certain
price and the time he must perform the contract. For example, if a
hedger contracts to physically sell the commodity at a future date, he may
simultaneously buy a futures or forward contract for the necessary equivalent
quantity of the commodity. At the time for performance of the
physical contract, the hedger may accept delivery under his futures contract and
sell the commodity quantity as required by the physical contract or he may buy
the actual commodity, sell it under the physical contract and close out his
futures contract position by making an offsetting sale.
The
commodity interest markets enable the hedger to shift the risk of price
fluctuations. The usual objective of the hedger is to protect the
profit that he expects to earn from farming, merchandising, or processing
operations rather than to profit from his trading. However, at times
the impetus for a hedge transaction may result in part from speculative
objectives and hedgers can end up paying higher prices than they would have if
they did not enter into a commodity interest transaction if current market
prices are lower than the locked-in price.
Unlike
the hedger, the speculator generally expects neither to make nor take delivery
of the underlying commodity. Instead, the speculator risks his
capital with the hope of making profits from price fluctuations in the
commodities. The speculator is, in effect, the risk bearer who
assumes the risks that the hedger seeks to avoid. Speculators rarely
make or take delivery of the underlying commodity; rather they attempt to close
out their positions prior to the delivery date. A speculator who
takes a long position generally will make a profit if the price of the
underlying commodity goes up and incur a loss if the price of the underlying
commodity goes down, while a speculator who takes a short position generally
will make a profit if the price of the underlying commodity goes down and incur
a loss if the price of the underlying commodity goes up.
Futures
Exchanges and Clearing Organizations
Futures
exchanges provide centralized market facilities in which multiple persons have
the ability to execute or trade contracts by accepting bids and offers from
multiple participants. Futures exchanges may provide for execution of
trades at a physical location utilizing trading pits and/or may provide for
trading to be done electronically through computerized matching of bids and
offers pursuant to various algorithms. Members of a particular
exchange and the trades executed on such exchange are subject to the rules of
that exchange. Futures exchanges and clearing organizations are given
reasonable latitude in promulgating rules and regulations to control and
regulate their members. Examples of regulations by exchanges and
clearing organizations include the establishment of initial margin levels, rules
regarding trading practices, contract specifications, speculative position
limits, daily price fluctuation limits, and execution and clearing
fees.
Clearing
organizations provide services designed to mutualize or transfer the credit risk
arising from the trading of contracts on an exchange or other electronic trading
facility. Once trades made between members of an exchange or
electronic trading facility have been confirmed, the clearing organization
becomes substituted for the clearing member acting on behalf of each buyer and
each seller of contracts traded on the exchange or trading platform and in
effect becomes the other party to the trade. Thereafter, each
clearing member party to the trade looks only to the clearing organization for
performance. The clearing organization generally establishes some
sort of security or guarantee fund to which all clearing members of the exchange
must contribute; this fund acts as an emergency buffer that is intended to
enable the clearing organization to meet its obligations with regard to the
other side of an insolvent clearing member’s contracts. Furthermore,
the clearing organization requires margin deposits and continuously marks
positions to market to provide some assurance that its members will be able to
fulfill their contractual obligations. Thus, a central function of
the clearing organization is to ensure the integrity of trades, and members
effecting transactions on an exchange need not concern themselves with the
solvency of the party on the opposite side of the trade; their only remaining
concerns are the respective solvencies of their own customers, their clearing
broker and the clearing organization. The clearing organizations do
not deal with customers, but only with their member firms and the guarantee of
performance for open positions provided by the clearing organization does not
run to customers.
U.S.
Futures Exchanges
Futures
exchanges in the United States are subject to varying degrees of regulation by
the CFTC based on their designation as one of the following: a designated
contract market, a derivatives transaction execution facility, an exempt board
of trade or an electronic trading facility.
A
designated contract market is the most highly regulated level of futures
exchange. Designated contract markets may offer products to retail
customers on an unrestricted basis. To be designated as a contract
market, the exchange must demonstrate that it satisfies specified general
criteria for designation, such as having the ability to prevent market
manipulation, rules and procedures to ensure fair and equitable trading,
minimization of conflicts of interest and protection of market participants,
position limits and dispute resolution procedures. Among the
principal designated contract markets in the United States are the CBOT, the
Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the New York Mercantile
Exchange. Each of the designated contract markets in the United
States must provide for the clearance and settlement of transactions with a
CFTC-registered derivatives clearing organization.
A
derivatives transaction execution facility, or DTEF, is a new type of exchange
that is subject to fewer regulatory requirements than a designated contract
market but is subject to both commodity interest and participant
limitations. DTEFs limit access to eligible traders that qualify as
either eligible contract participants or eligible commercial entities for
futures and option contracts on commodities that have a nearly inexhaustible
deliverable supply, are highly unlikely to be susceptible to the threat of
manipulation, or have no cash market, security futures products, and futures and
option contracts on commodities that the CFTC may determine, on a case-by-case
basis, are highly unlikely to be susceptible to the threat of
manipulation. In addition, certain commodity interests excluded or
exempt from the CEA, such as swaps, may be traded on a DTEF. There is
no requirement that a DTEF use a clearing organization, except with respect to
trading in security futures contracts, in which case the clearing organization
must be a securities clearing agency. However, if futures contracts
and options on futures contracts traded on a DTEF are cleared, then it must be
through a CFTC-registered derivatives clearing organization, except that some
excluded or exempt commodities traded on a DTEF may be cleared through a
clearing organization other than one registered with the CFTC.
An exempt
board of trade is also a newly designated form of exchange. An exempt
board of trade is substantially unregulated, subject only to CFTC anti-fraud and
anti-manipulation authority. An exempt board of trade is permitted to
trade futures contracts and options on futures contracts provided that the
underlying commodity is not a security or securities index and has an
inexhaustible deliverable supply or no cash market. All traders on an
exempt board of trade must qualify as eligible contract
participants. Contracts deemed eligible to be traded on an exempt
board of trade include contracts on interest rates, exchange rates, currencies,
credit risks or measures, debt instruments, measures of inflation, or other
macroeconomic indices or measures. There is no requirement that an
exempt board of trade use a clearing organization. However, if
contracts on an exempt board of trade are cleared, then it must be through a
CFTC-registered derivatives clearing organization. A board of trade
electing to operate as an exempt board of trade must file a written notification
with the CFTC.
An
electronic trading facility is a new form of trading platform that operates by
means of an electronic or telecommunications network and maintains an automated
audit trail of bids, offers, and the matching of orders or the execution of
transactions on the electronic trading facility. The CEA does not
apply to, and the CFTC has no jurisdiction over, transactions on an electronic
trading facility in certain excluded commodities that are entered into between
principals that qualify as eligible contract participants, subject only to CFTC
anti-fraud and anti-manipulation authority. In general, excluded
commodities include interest rates, currencies, securities, securities indices
or other financial, economic or commercial indices or measures, but not physical
commodities.
The
Sponsor intends to monitor the development of and opportunities and risks
presented by the new less-regulated exchanges and exempt boards as well as other
trading platforms currently in place or that are being considered by regulators
and may, in the future, allocate a percentage of the Fund’s assets to trading in
products on these exchanges. Provided the Fund maintains assets exceeding $5
million, the Fund would qualify as an eligible contract participant and thus
would be able to trade on such exchanges.
Non-U.S.
Futures Exchanges
Non-U.S.
futures exchanges differ in certain respects from their U.S.
counterparts. Importantly, non-U.S. futures exchanges are not subject
to regulation by the CFTC, but rather are regulated by their home country
regulator. In contrast to U.S. designated contract markets, some
non-U.S. exchanges are principals’ markets, where trades remain the liability of
the traders involved, and the exchange or a clearing organization does not
become substituted for any party. Due to the absence of a clearing
system, such exchanges are significantly more susceptible to
disruptions. Further, participants in such markets must often satisfy
themselves as to the individual creditworthiness of each entity with which they
enter into a trade. Trading on non-U.S. exchanges is often in the
currency of the exchange’s home jurisdiction. Consequently, if it
enters into transactions on these non-U.S. exchanges, the Fund would be subject
to the additional risk of fluctuations in the exchange rate between such
currency and the U.S. dollar and the possibility that exchange controls could be
imposed in the future. Trading on non-U.S. exchanges may differ from
trading on U.S. exchanges in a variety of ways and, accordingly, may subject the
Fund to additional risks.
Accountability
Levels and Position Limits
The CFTC
and U.S. designated contract markets have established accountability levels and
position limits on the maximum net long or net short futures contracts in
commodity interests that any person or group of persons under common trading
control (other than a hedger, which the Fund is not) may hold, own or
control. In contrast to position limits, accountability levels are
not fixed ceilings, but rather thresholds above which an exchange may exercise
greater scrutiny and control over an investor including by imposing position
limits. Among the purposes of accountability levels and position
limits is to prevent a corner or squeeze on a market or undue influence on
prices by any single trader or group of traders. The position limits
currently established by the CFTC apply to certain agricultural commodity
interests, such as grains (oats, barley, and flaxseed), soybeans, corn, wheat,
cotton, eggs, rye, and potatoes. Specifically, the CFTC’s position
limits for Corn Futures Contracts are 600 spot month contracts, 13,500 contracts
expiring in any other single month, and 22,000 contracts for all
months. In addition, U.S. exchanges may set accountability levels and
position limits for all commodity interests traded on that
exchange. The CBOT has not set any accountability levels for Corn
Futures Contracts. Certain exchanges or clearing organizations also
set limits on the total net positions that may be held by a clearing
broker. In general, no position limits are in effect in forward or
other over-the-counter contract trading or in trading on non-U.S. futures
exchanges, although the principals with which the Fund and the clearing brokers
may trade in such markets may impose such limits as a matter of credit
policy. The Fund’s commodity interest positions will not be
attributable to Shareholders for purposes of determining whether those
Shareholders have exceeded applicable accountability levels and position
limits.
Daily
Price Limits
Most U.S.
futures exchanges (but generally not non-U.S. exchanges) limit the amount of
fluctuation in some futures contract or options on futures contract prices
during a single trading period by regulations. These regulations
specify what are referred to as daily price fluctuation limits or more commonly,
daily limits. The daily limits establish the maximum amount that the
price of a futures or option on a futures contract may vary either up or down
from the previous day’s settlement price. In general, the CBOT daily
limit for corn futures contracts is $0.30 per bushel ($1,500 per
contract). Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular
futures or option on a futures contract, no trades may be made at a price beyond
the limit. Positions in the futures or options contract may then be
taken or liquidated, if at all, only if traders are willing to effect trades at
or within the limit. Because the daily limit rule governs price
movement only for a particular trading day, it does not limit losses and may in
fact substantially increase losses because it may prevent the liquidation of
unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally
moved the daily limit for several consecutive trading days, thus preventing
prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting the trader to substantial losses
for those days. The concept of daily price limits is not relevant to
over-the-counter contracts, including forwards and swaps, and thus such limits
are not imposed by banks and others who deal in those markets.
Commodity
Prices
Commodity
prices are volatile and, although ultimately determined by the interaction of
supply and demand, are subject to many other influences, including the
psychology of the marketplace and speculative assessments of future world and
economic events. Political climate, interest rates, treaties, balance
of payments, exchange controls and other governmental interventions as well as
numerous other variables affect the commodity markets, and even with
comparatively complete information it is impossible for any trader to predict
reliably commodity prices.
Regulation
Futures
exchanges in the United States are subject to varying degrees of regulation
under the CEA depending on whether such exchange is a designated contract
market, DTEF, exempt board of trade or electronic trading
facility. Derivatives clearing organizations are also subject to the
CEA and CFTC regulation. The CFTC is the governmental agency charged
with responsibility for regulation of futures exchanges and commodity interest
trading conducted on those exchanges. The CFTC’s function is to
implement the CEA’s objectives of preventing price manipulation and excessive
speculation and promoting orderly and efficient commodity interest
markets. In addition, the various exchanges and clearing
organizations themselves exercise regulatory and supervisory authority over
their member firms.
The CFTC
possesses exclusive jurisdiction to regulate the activities of commodity pool
operators and commodity trading advisors and has adopted regulations with
respect to the activities of those persons and/or entities. Under the
CEA, a registered commodity pool operator, such as the Sponsor, is required to
make annual filings with the CFTC describing its organization, capital
structure, management and controlling persons. In addition, the CEA
authorizes the CFTC to require and review books and records of, and documents
prepared by, registered commodity pool operators. Pursuant to this
authority, the CFTC requires commodity pool operators to keep accurate, current
and orderly records for each pool that they operate. The CFTC may
suspend the registration of a commodity pool operator (1) if the CFTC finds that
the operator’s trading practices tend to disrupt orderly market conditions, (2)
if any controlling person of the operator is subject to an order of the CFTC
denying such person trading privileges on any exchange, and (3) in certain other
circumstances. Suspension, restriction or termination of the
Sponsor’s registration as a commodity pool operator would prevent it, until that
registration were to be reinstated, from managing the Fund, and might result in
the termination of the Fund if a successor sponsor is not elected pursuant to
the Trust Agreement. Neither the Trust nor the Fund is required to be
registered with the CFTC in any capacity.
The CEA
gives the CFTC similar authority with respect to the activities of commodity
trading advisors. If a trading advisor’s commodity trading advisor
registration were to be terminated, restricted or suspended, the trading advisor
would be unable, until the registration were to be reinstated, to render trading
advice to the Fund.
The CEA
requires all futures commission merchants, such as the Fund’s clearing brokers,
to meet and maintain specified fitness and financial requirements, to segregate
customer funds from proprietary funds and account separately for all customers’
funds and positions, and to maintain specified books and records open to
inspection by the staff of the CFTC. The CFTC has similar authority
over introducing brokers, who are persons that solicit or accept orders for
commodity interest trades but that do not accept margin deposits for the
execution of trades. The CEA authorizes the CFTC to regulate trading
by futures commission merchants and by their officers and directors, permits the
CFTC to require action by exchanges in the event of market emergencies, and
establishes an administrative procedure under which customers may institute
complaints for damages arising from alleged violations of the
CEA. The CEA also gives the states powers to enforce its provisions
and the regulations of the CFTC.
The
Fund’s investors are afforded prescribed rights for reparations under the
CEA. Investors may also be able to maintain a private right of action
for violations of the CEA. The CFTC has adopted rules implementing
the reparation provisions of the CEA, which provide that any person may file a
complaint for a reparations award with the CFTC for violation of the CEA against
a floor broker or a futures commission merchant, introducing broker, commodity
trading advisor, commodity pool operator, and their respective associated
persons.
Pursuant
to authority in the CEA, the NFA has been formed and registered with the CFTC as
a registered futures association. At the present time, the NFA is the
only self-regulatory organization for commodity interest professionals, other
than futures exchanges. The CFTC has delegated to the NFA
responsibility for the registration of commodity trading advisors, commodity
pool operators, futures commission merchants, introducing brokers, and their
respective associated persons and floor brokers. The Sponsor, any
trading advisor, the selling agents and the clearing brokers will be members of
the NFA. As such, they will be subject to NFA standards relating to
fair trade practices, financial condition and consumer
protection. Neither the Trust nor the Fund is itself required to
become a member of the NFA. As the self-regulatory body of the commodity
interest industry, the NFA promulgates rules governing the conduct of
professionals and disciplines those professionals that do not comply with these
rules. The NFA also arbitrates disputes between members and their
customers and conducts registration and fitness screening of applicants for
membership and audits of its existing members.
The
regulations of the CFTC and the NFA prohibit any representation by a person
registered with the CFTC or by any member of the NFA, that registration with the
CFTC, or membership in the NFA, in any respect indicates that the CFTC or the
NFA, as the case may be, has approved or endorsed that person or that person’s
trading program or objectives. The registrations and memberships of
the parties described in this summary must not be considered as constituting any
such approval or endorsement. Likewise, no futures exchange has given
or will give any similar approval or endorsement.
The
regulation of commodity interest trading in the United States and other
countries is an evolving area of the law. The various statements made
in this summary are subject to modification by legislative action and changes in
the rules and regulations of the CFTC, the NFA, the futures exchanges, clearing
organizations and other regulatory bodies.
The
function of the CFTC is to implement the objectives of the CEA of preventing
price manipulation and other disruptions to market integrity, avoiding systemic
risk, preventing fraud and promoting innovation, competition and financial
integrity of transactions. As mentioned above, this regulation, among
other things, provides that the trading of commodity interest contracts
generally must be upon exchanges designated as contract markets or DTEFs and
that all trading on those exchanges must be done by or through exchange
members. Under the CFMA, commodity interest trading in some
commodities between sophisticated persons may be traded on a trading facility
not regulated by the CFTC. As a general matter, trading in spot
contracts, forward contracts, options on forward contracts or commodities, or
swap contracts between eligible contract participants is not within the
jurisdiction of the CFTC and may therefore be effectively
unregulated. The Sponsor may engage in those transactions on behalf
of the Fund in reliance on this exclusion from regulation. Although
U.S. banks that may act as the Fund’s counterparties in commodity interest
transactions are regulated in various ways by the Federal Reserve Board, the
Comptroller of the Currency and other U.S. federal and state banking officials,
banking authorities do not regulate the commodity interest markets.
The CFTC
is prohibited by statute from regulating trading on non-U.S. futures exchanges
and markets. The CFTC, however, has adopted regulations relating to the
marketing of non-U.S. futures contracts in the United States. These regulations
permit certain contracts traded on non-U.S. exchanges to be offered and sold in
the United States.
Commodity
Margin
Margin is
the minimum amount of funds that must be deposited by a commodity interest
trader with the trader’s broker to initiate and maintain an open position in
futures contracts. A margin deposit is like a cash performance
bond. It helps assure the trader’s performance of the futures
contracts that he or she purchases or sells. Futures contracts are
customarily bought and sold on initial margin that represents a very small
percentage (ranging upward from less than 2%) of the aggregate purchase or sales
price of the contract. Because of such low margin requirements, price
fluctuations occurring in the futures markets may create profits and losses
that, in relation to the amount invested, are greater than are customary in
other forms of investment or speculation. As discussed below, adverse
price changes in the futures contract may result in margin requirements that
greatly exceed the initial margin. In addition, the amount of margin
required in connection with a particular futures contract is set from time to
time by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified from
time to time by the exchange during the term of the
contract. Brokerage firms, such as the Fund’s clearing brokers,
carrying accounts for traders in commodity interest contracts generally require
higher amounts of margin as a matter of policy to further protect
themselves. Over-the-counter trading generally involves the extension
of credit between counterparties, so the counterparties may agree to require the
posting of collateral by one or both parties to address credit
exposure.
When a
trader purchases an option, there is no margin requirement; however, the option
premium must be paid in full. When a trader sells an option, on the
other hand, he or she is required to deposit margin in an amount determined by
the margin requirements established for the underlying interest and, in
addition, an amount substantially equal to the current premium for the
option. The margin requirements imposed on the selling of options,
although adjusted to reflect the probability that out-of-the-money options will
not be exercised, can in fact be higher than those imposed in dealing in the
futures markets directly. Complicated margin requirements apply to
spreads and conversions, which are complex trading strategies in which a trader
acquires a mixture of options positions and positions in the underlying
interest.
Ongoing
or “maintenance” margin requirements are computed each day by a trader’s
clearing broker. When the market value of a particular open futures
contract changes to a point where the margin on deposit does not satisfy
maintenance margin requirements, a margin call is made by the
broker. If the margin call is not met within a reasonable time, the
broker may close out the trader’s position. With respect to the
Fund’s trading, the Fund (and not its Shareholders personally) is subject to
margin calls.
Finally,
many major U.S. exchanges have passed certain cross margining arrangements
involving procedures pursuant to which the futures and options positions held in
an account would, in the case of some accounts, be aggregated and margin
requirements would be assessed on a portfolio basis, measuring the total risk of
the combined positions.
Potential
Advantages of Investment
The
Advantages of Non-Correlation
Given
that historically, the price of corn and of Corn Interests has had very little
correlation to the stock and bond markets, the Sponsor believes that the
performance of the Fund should also exhibit little correlation with the
performance of traditional equity and debt portfolio
components. However, non-correlation does not mean that the Fund’s
performance will be better than that of other types of investment, and it is
entirely possible that the Fund may not outperform other sectors of an
investor’s portfolio, or may produce losses. Additionally, although
adding the Fund’s Shares to an investor’s portfolio may provide diversification,
the Fund is not a hedging mechanism vis-a-vis traditional debt and equity
portfolio components and you should not assume that Fund Shares will appreciate
during periods of inflation or stock and bond market
declines.
Non-correlated
performance should not be confused with negatively correlated
performance. Negative correlation occurs when the performance of two
asset classes tend to move in opposite direction to each
other. Non-correlation means only that the Fund’s performance will
likely have little relation to the performance of equity and debt instruments,
reflecting that certain factors that affect equity and debt prices may affect
the Fund differently and that certain factors that affect equity and debt prices
may not affect the Fund at all. The Fund’s net asset value per share
may decline or increase more or less than equity and debt instruments during
periods of both rising and falling equity and debt markets. The
Sponsor does not expect that the Fund’s performance will be negatively
correlated to general debt and equity markets.
Interest
Income
Unlike
some alternative investment funds, the Fund does not borrow money in order to
obtain leverage, so the Fund does not incur any interest
expense. Rather, the Fund’s margin deposits and cash reserves are
maintained in Treasury Securities and interest is earned on 100% of the Fund’s
available assets, which include unrealized profits credited to the Fund’s
accounts
Benchmark
Performance
The
following graph provides certain information about the historical performance
and volatility of the Benchmark, and the historical correlation of the Benchmark
with the spot price of corn. The graph shows (1) historical price
information for the Benchmark by taking the prices of each Benchmark Component
Futures Contract according to CBOT data, weighting each such futures contract as
weighted in the Benchmark, and deducting estimated commission charges and other
fees and expenses that the Fund will pay, and (2) historical information on the
spot price of corn using the price of the spot month Corn Futures Contract as a
proxy. The graph assumes that each Benchmark Component Futures
Contract was rolled into its replacement on the date that it no longer was a
Benchmark Component Futures Contract, and each spot month Corn Futures Contract
was rolled into the new spot month Corn Futures Contract on its expiration date,
and each of these “rolls” is volume adjusted to account for price differentials
between the original Corn Futures Contract and its replacement. For
example, if the original Corn Futures Contracts were closed out at a lower price
than the price at which the replacement Corn Futures Contracts were entered
into, then a lesser number of replacement Corn Futures Contracts were entered
into than were closed out. In this way, the graph takes the
hypothetical effect of contango and backwardation into account. The
spot month data in the chart does not reflect any commission charges or the
other fees and expenses that the Fund will pay.
The information regarding
the Benchmark in the graph is hypothetical, in that neither the Sponsor nor the
Fund was using the Benchmark to trade Corn Interests during the period covered
by the chart. HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE
MANY INHERENT LIMITATIONS, SOME OF WHICH ARE DESCRIBED BELOW. NO
REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT THE FUND WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFITS
OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN. IN FACT, THERE ARE FREQUENTLY SHARP
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS AND THE ACTUAL RESULTS
ACHIEVED BY ANY PARTICULAR TRADING PROGRAM.
ONE
OF THE LIMITATIONS OF HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS IS THAT THEY ARE
GENERALLY PREPARED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. IN ADDITION,
HYPOTHETICAL TRADING DOES NOT INVOLVE FINANCIAL RISK, AND NO HYPOTHETICAL
TRADING RECORD CAN COMPLETELY ACCOUNT FOR THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL RISK IN ACTUAL
TRADING. FOR EXAMPLE, THE ABILITY TO WITHSTAND LOSSES OR TO ADHERE TO
A PARTICULAR TRADING PROGRAM IN SPITE OF TRADING LOSSES ARE MATERIAL POINTS
WHICH CAN ALSO ADVERSELY AFFECT ACTUAL TRADING RESULTS. THERE ARE
NUMEROUS OTHER FACTORS RELATED TO THE MARKETS IN GENERAL OR TO THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF ANY SPECIFIC TRADING PROGRAM WHICH CANNOT BE FULLY ACCOUNTED
FOR IN THE PREPARATION OF HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS AND ALL OF WHICH CAN
ADVERSELY AFFECT ACTUAL TRADING RESULTS.
THE
SPONSOR HAS HAD NO EXPERIENCE IN TRADING ACTUAL ACCOUNTS FOR ITSELF OF FOR
CUSTOMERS. BECAUSE THERE ARE NO ACTUAL TRADING RESULTS TO COMPARE TO
THE HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS, INVESTORS SHOULD BE PARTICULARLY WARY OF
PLACING UNDUE RELIANCE ON THESE HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS.
Furthermore,
while the graph below provides information on the hypothetical correlation of
the Benchmark with the spot price of corn, it does not attempt to provide any
information on the ability of the Sponsor to cause the Fund’s performance to
correlate closely with that of the Benchmark.