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Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)
Registration Statement No. 333-227001
(To Prospectus dated September 7, 2018,
Prospectus Supplement dated September 7, 2018 and
Product Supplement EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1 dated
September 25, 2018)
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876,925 Units
$10 principal amount per unit CUSIP No. 78014F619  |
Pricing Date
Settlement Date Maturity Date |
October 4, 2018
October 11, 2018 October 30, 2020 |
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes® Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket
§ Maturity of approximately two years
§ 2-to-1 upside exposure to increases in
the Basket, subject to a capped return of 18.75%
§ The Basket is comprised of the S&P
500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index. Each of those indices was given an initial weight of 50%
§ 1-to-1 downside exposure to decreases in
the Basket beyond a 5.00% decline, with up to 95.00% of your principal at risk
§ All payments occur at maturity and are
subject to the credit risk of Royal Bank of Canada
§ No periodic interest payments
§ In addition to the underwriting discount
set forth below, the notes include a hedging-related charge of $0.075 per unit. See “Structuring the Notes”
§ Limited secondary market liquidity, with no exchange listing
§ The notes are unsecured debt securities and are not savings accounts
or insured deposits of a bank. The notes are not insured or guaranteed by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”), or any other governmental agency of Canada or the
United States
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The notes are being issued by Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”). There are important differences between the notes and
a conventional debt security, including different investment risks and certain additional costs. See “Risk Factors” and “Additional Risk Factors” beginning on page TS-7 of this term sheet and “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-6 of product
supplement EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1.
The initial estimated value of the notes as of the pricing date
is $9.6603 per unit, which is less than the public offering price listed below. See “Summary” on the following page, “Risk
Factors” beginning on page TS-7 of this term sheet and “Structuring the Notes” on page TS-17 of this term sheet for additional information. The actual value of your notes at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted with
accuracy.
None of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), any state securities commission, or any other regulatory body has
approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this Note Prospectus (as defined below) is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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Per Unit
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Total
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Public offering price
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$10.00
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$8,769,250.00
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Underwriting discount
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$0.20
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$175,385.00
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Proceeds, before expenses, to RBC
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$9.80
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$8,593,865.00
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The notes:
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Are Not FDIC Insured
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Are Not Bank Guaranteed
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May Lose Value
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Merrill Lynch & Co.
October 4, 2018
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket, due October 30, 2020
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The Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes® Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket, due October 30, 2020 (the “notes”) are our senior
unsecured debt securities. The notes are not guaranteed or insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation or the FDIC or secured by collateral. The notes will rank equally
with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. Any payments due on the notes, including any repayment of principal, will be subject to the credit risk of RBC. The notes provide you a leveraged return, subject to a cap, if the
Ending Value of the Market Measure, which is the Domestic Equity Index Basket described below (the “Basket”), is greater than its Starting Value. If the Ending Value is less than the Starting Value but greater than or equal to the Threshold
Value, you will receive the principal amount of your notes. If the Ending Value is less than the Threshold Value, you will lose a portion, which could be significant, of the principal amount of your notes. Any payments on the notes, will be
calculated based on the $10 principal amount per unit and will depend on the performance of the Basket, subject to our credit risk. See “Terms of the Notes” below.
The Basket is comprised of the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index (each, a “Basket Component”). On the pricing date,
each Basket Component was given an initial weight of 50%.
The economic terms of the notes (including the Capped Value) are based on our internal funding rate, which is the rate we would pay to borrow funds
through the issuance of market-linked notes and the economic terms of certain related hedging arrangements. Our internal funding rate is typically lower than the rate we would pay when we issue conventional fixed or floating rate debt
securities. This difference in funding rate, as well as the underwriting discount and the hedging related charge described below, reduced the economic terms of the notes to you and the initial estimated value of the notes on the pricing date.
Due to these factors, the public offering price you pay to purchase the notes is greater than the initial estimated value of the notes.
On the cover page of this term sheet, we have provided the initial estimated for the notes. This initial estimated value was determined based on our
and our affiliates’ pricing models, which take into consideration our internal funding rate and the market prices for the hedging arrangements related to the notes. For more information about the initial estimated value and the structuring of the
notes, see “Structuring the Notes” on page TS-17.
Terms of the Notes
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Issuer:
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Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”)
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Principal
Amount:
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$10.00 per unit
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Term:
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Approximately two years
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Market Measure:
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An equally weighted domestic equity index basket comprised of the S&P 500® Index (Bloomberg symbol:
"SPX") and the Russell 2000® Index (Bloomberg symbol: “RTY”). Each Basket Component is a price return index.
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Starting Value:
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100.00
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Ending Value:
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The average of the closing levels of the Market Measure on each calculation day occurring during the Maturity
Valuation Period (as defined below). The scheduled calculation days are subject to postponement in the event of Market Disruption Events, as described beginning on page PS-18 of product supplement EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1.
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Threshold Value:
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95.00 (95.00% of the Starting Value).
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Participation
Rate:
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200%
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Capped Value:
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$11.875 per unit, which represents a return of 18.75% over the principal amount.
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Maturity
Valuation Period:
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October 21, 2020, October 22, 2020, October 23, 2020, October 26, 2020 and October 27, 2020
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Fees and
Charges:
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The underwriting discount of $0.20 per unit listed on the cover page and the hedging related charge of $0.075 per
unit described in “Structuring the Notes” on page TS-17.
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Calculation
Agent:
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Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“MLPF&S”).
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Redemption Amount Determination
On the maturity date, you will receive a cash payment per unit determined as follows:
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket, due October 30, 2020
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The terms and risks of the notes are contained in this term sheet and in the following:
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Product supplement EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1 dated September 25, 2018:
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| § |
Series H MTN prospectus supplement dated September 7, 2018:
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| § |
Prospectus dated September 7, 2018:
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These documents (together, the “Note Prospectus”) have been filed as part of a registration statement with the SEC, which may,
without cost, be accessed on the SEC website as indicated above or obtained from MLPF&S by calling 1-800-294-1322. Before you invest, you should read the Note Prospectus, including this term sheet, for information about us and this offering.
Any prior or contemporaneous oral statements and any other written materials you may have received are superseded by the Note Prospectus. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this term sheet have the meanings set forth in product supplement
EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this document to “we,” “us,” “our,” or similar references are to RBC.
Investor Considerations
You may wish to consider an investment in the notes if:
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You anticipate that the value of the Basket will increase moderately from the Starting Value to the Ending Value.
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You are willing to risk a loss of principal and return if the value of the Basket decreases from the Starting Value to an Ending Value that is below the Threshold Value.
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You accept that the return on the notes will be capped.
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You are willing to forgo the interest payments that are paid on conventional interest bearing debt securities.
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You are willing to forgo dividends or other benefits of owning the stocks included in the Basket Components.
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You are willing to accept a limited or no market for sales prior to maturity, and understand that the market prices for the notes, if any, will be affected by various factors,
including our actual and perceived creditworthiness, our internal funding rate and fees and charges on the notes.
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§
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You are
willing to assume our credit risk, as issuer of the notes, for all payments under the notes, including the Redemption Amount.
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The notes may not be an appropriate investment for you if:
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You believe that the value of the Basket will decrease from the Starting Value to the Ending Value or that it will not increase sufficiently over the term of the notes to
provide you with your desired return.
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You seek 100% principal repayment or preservation of capital.
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You seek an uncapped return on your investment.
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You seek interest payments or other current income on your investment.
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You want to receive dividends or other distributions paid on the stocks included in the Basket Components.
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You seek an investment for which there will be a liquid secondary market.
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§
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You are unwilling or are unable to take market risk on the notes or to take our credit risk as issuer of the notes.
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We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting, and other advisors before you invest in the notes.
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket, due October 30, 2020
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Hypothetical Payout Profile and Examples of Payments at Maturity
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
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This graph reflects the returns on the notes, based on the Participation Rate of 200%, the Threshold Value of 95% of the
Starting Value and the Capped Value of $11.875. The green line reflects the returns on the notes, while the dotted gray line reflects the returns of a direct investment in the stocks included in the Basket Components, excluding
dividends.
This graph has been prepared for purposes of illustration only.
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The following table and examples are for purposes of illustration only. They are based on hypothetical
values and show hypothetical returns on the notes. They illustrate the calculation of the Redemption Amount and total rate of return based on the Starting Value of 100,
the Threshold Value of 95, the Participation Rate of 200%, the Capped Value of $11.875 per unit and a range of hypothetical Ending Values. The actual amount you receive and the
resulting total rate of return will depend on the actual Ending Value and whether you hold the notes to maturity. The following examples do not take into account any tax consequences from investing in the notes.
For recent hypothetical historical values of the Basket, see “The Basket”
section below. For recent actual levels of the Basket Components, see “The Basket Components” section below. Each Basket Component is a price return index and as such the Ending Value will not include any income generated by dividends paid on the
stocks included in any of the Basket Components, which you would otherwise be entitled to receive if you invested in those stocks directly. In addition, all payments on the notes are subject to issuer credit risk.
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket, due October 30, 2020
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Ending Value
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Percentage Change from the
Starting Value to the Ending
Value
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Redemption Amount per Unit
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Total Rate of Return on the
Notes
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0.00
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-100.00%
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$0.500
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-95.00%
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50.00
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-50.00%
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$5.500
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-45.00%
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80.00
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-20.00%
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$8.500
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-15.00%
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90.00
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-10.00%
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$9.500
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-5.00%
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94.00
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-6.00%
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$9.900
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-1.00%
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95.00(1)
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-5.00%
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$10.000
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0.00%
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97.00
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-3.00%
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$10.000
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0.00%
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100.00(2)
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0.00%
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$10.000
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0.00%
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102.00
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2.00%
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$10.400
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4.00%
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104.00
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4.00%
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$10.800
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8.00%
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105.00
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5.00%
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$11.000
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10.00%
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109.25
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9.25%
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$11.875(3)
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18.75%
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120.00
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20.00%
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$11.875
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18.75%
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130.00
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30.00%
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$11.875
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18.75%
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140.00
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40.00%
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$11.875
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18.75%
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150.00
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50.00%
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$11.875
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18.75%
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160.00
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60.00%
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$11.875
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18.75%
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| (1) |
This is the Threshold Value.
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| (2) |
The Starting Value was set to 100.00 on the pricing date.
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| (3) |
The Redemption Amount per unit cannot exceed the Capped Value.
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket, due October 30, 2020
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Redemption Amount Calculation Examples
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Example 1
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The Ending Value is 80.00, or 80.00% of the Starting Value:
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Starting Value:
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100.00 |
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Threshold Value:
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95.00 |
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Ending Value:
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80.00 |
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Redemption Amount per unit
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Example 2
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The Ending Value is 95.00, or 95.00% of the Starting Value:
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Starting Value:
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100.00 |
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Threshold Value:
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95.00 |
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Ending Value:
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100.00 |
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Redemption Amount per unit = $10.00, the principal amount, since
the Ending Value is less than the Starting Value but equal to or greater than the Threshold Value.
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Example 3
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The Ending Value is 104.00, or 104.00% of the Starting Value:
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Starting Value:
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100.00 |
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Ending Value:
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104.00 |
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= $10.80 Redemption Amount per unit
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Example 4
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The Ending Value is 130.00, or 130.00% of the Starting Value:
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Starting Value:
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100.00 |
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Ending Value:
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130.00 |
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= $16.00, however, because the Redemption Amount for the notes cannot exceed the Capped Value, the Redemption Amount will be
$11.875 per unit
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket, due October 30, 2020
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Risk Factors
There are important differences between the notes and a conventional debt security. An investment in the notes involves significant
risks, including those listed below. You should carefully review the more detailed explanation of risks relating to the notes in the “Risk Factors” sections beginning on page PS-6 of product supplement EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1, page S-1 of the MTN
prospectus supplement, and page 1 of the prospectus identified above. We also urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting, and other advisors before you invest in the notes.
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Depending on the performance of the Basket as measured shortly before the maturity date, your investment may result in a loss; there is no guaranteed return of principal.
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| § |
Your return on the notes may be less than the yield you could earn by owning a conventional fixed or floating rate debt security of comparable maturity.
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Payments on the notes are subject to our credit risk, and actual or perceived changes in our creditworthiness are expected to affect the value of the notes. If we become insolvent or
are unable to pay our obligations, you may lose your entire investment.
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Your investment return is limited to the return represented by the Capped Value and may be less than a comparable investment directly in the stocks included in the Basket Components.
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The initial estimated value of the notes is an estimate only, determined as of a particular point in time by reference to our and our affiliates’ pricing models. These pricing models
consider certain assumptions and variables, including our credit spreads, our internal funding rate on the pricing date, mid-market terms on hedging transactions, expectations on interest rates and volatility, price-sensitivity
analysis, and the expected term of the notes. These pricing models rely in part on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect.
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| § |
The public offering price you pay for the notes exceeds the initial estimated value. If you attempt to sell the notes prior to maturity, their market value may be lower than the price
you paid for them and lower than the initial estimated value. This is due to, among other things, changes in the value of the Basket, our internal funding rate, and the inclusion in the public offering price of the underwriting
discount and the hedging related charge, all as further described in “Structuring the Notes” on page TS-17. These factors, together with various credit, market and economic factors over the term of the notes, are expected to reduce
the price at which you may be able to sell the notes in any secondary market and will affect the value of the notes in complex and unpredictable ways.
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The initial estimated value does not represent a minimum or maximum price at which we, MLPF&S or any of our affiliates would be willing to purchase your notes in any secondary
market (if any exists) at any time. The value of your notes at any time after issuance will vary based on many factors that cannot be predicted with accuracy, including the performance of the Basket, our creditworthiness and changes
in market conditions.
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A trading market is not expected to develop for the notes. Neither we nor MLPF&S is obligated to make a market for, or to repurchase, the notes. There is no assurance that any
party will be willing to purchase your notes at any price in any secondary market.
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Our business, hedging and trading activities, and those of MLPF&S and our respective affiliates (including trades in shares of companies included in the Basket Components), and
any hedging and trading activities we, MLPF&S or our respective affiliates engage in for our clients’ accounts, may affect the market value and return of the notes and may create conflicts of interest with you.
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| § |
Changes in the level of one Basket Component may be offset by changes in the level of the other Basket Component.
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The index sponsors may adjust each Basket Component in a way that affects its level, and the index sponsors have no obligation to consider your interests.
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You will have no rights of a holder of the securities represented by the Basket Components, and you will not be entitled to receive securities or dividends or other distributions by
the issuers of those securities.
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While we, MLPF&S or our respective affiliates may from time to time own securities of companies included in the Basket Components, we, MLPF&S and our respective affiliates do
not control any company included in the Basket Components, and have not verified any disclosure made by any other company, except to the extent that the common stock of Bank of America Corporation, which is the parent company of
MLPF&S, is included in the S&P 500® Index.
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There may be potential conflicts of interest involving the calculation agent, which is MLPF&S. We have the right to appoint and remove the calculation agent.
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The U.S. federal income tax consequences of the notes are uncertain, and may be adverse to a holder of the notes. See “Summary of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” below and
“U.S. Federal Income Tax Summary” on page PS-30 of product supplement EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1. For a discussion of the Canadian federal income tax consequences of investing in the notes, see “Tax Consequences—Canadian Taxation” in the
prospectus dated September 7, 2018.
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket, due October 30, 2020
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Additional Risk Factors
The notes are subject to risks associated with small-size capitalization companies.
The stocks composing the RTY are issued by companies with small-sized market capitalization. The stock prices of small-size companies may be more
volatile than stock prices of large capitalization companies. Small-size capitalization companies may be less able to withstand adverse economic, market, trade and competitive conditions relative to larger companies. Small-size capitalization
companies may also be more susceptible to adverse developments related to their products or services.
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket, due October 30, 2020
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The Basket
The Basket is designed to allow investors to participate in the percentage changes in the levels of the Basket Components from the Starting Value to the
Ending Value of the Basket. The Basket Components are described in the section “The Basket Components” below. Each Basket Component was assigned an initial weight on the pricing date, as set forth in the table below.
For more information on the calculation of the value of the Basket, please see the section entitled Description of the LIRNS—Basket Market Measures”
beginning on page PS-20 of product supplement EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1.
On the pricing date, for each Basket Component, the Initial Component Weight, the closing level, the Component Ratio and the initial contribution to the
Basket value were as follows:
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Basket Component
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Bloomberg
Symbol
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Initial
Component
Weight
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Closing
Level(1)
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Component
Ratio(2)
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Initial Basket
Value
Contribution
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S&P 500® Index
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SPX
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50.00
|
2,901.61
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0.01723181
|
50.00
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Russell 2000® Index
|
RTY
|
50.00
|
1,646.911
|
0.03035987
|
50.00
|
|||||
|
Starting Value
|
100.00
|
| (1) |
These were the closing levels of the Basket Components on the pricing date.
|
| (2) |
Each Component Ratio equals the Initial Component Weight of the relevant Basket Component (as a percentage) multiplied by 100, and then divided by the closing level of that Basket
Component on the pricing date and rounded to eight decimal places.
|
The calculation agent will calculate the value of the Basket by summing the products of the closing level for each Basket Component on each calculation
day during the Maturity Valuation Period and the Component Ratio applicable to such Basket Component. If a Market Disruption Event occurs as to any Basket Component on any scheduled calculation day, the closing level of that Basket Component will
be determined as more fully described beginning on page PS-21 of product supplement EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1 in the section “Description of the LIRNS--Basket Market Measures—Ending Value of the Basket."
|
Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket, due October 30, 2020
|
While actual historical information on the Basket did not exist before the pricing date, the following graph sets
forth the hypothetical daily historical performance of the Basket from January 1, 2008 through the pricing date. The graph is based upon actual daily historical levels of the Basket Components, hypothetical Component Ratios based on the closing
levels of the Basket Components determined as of December 31, 2007, and a Basket value of 100.00 as of that date. This hypothetical historical data on the Basket is not necessarily indicative of the future performance of the Basket or what the
value of the notes may be. Any hypothetical historical upward or downward trend in the value of the Basket during any period set forth below is not an indication that the value of the Basket is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any
time over the term of the notes.
Hypothetical Historical Performance of the Basket
|
Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
Linked to a Domestic Equity Index Basket, due October 30, 2020
|
The Basket Components
All disclosures contained in this term sheet regarding the Basket Components,
including, without limitation, their make-up, method of calculation, and changes in their components, have been derived from publicly available sources. The information reflects the policies of, and is subject to change by either of S&P
Dow Jones Indices LLC (the “SPX sponsor”) with respect to the S&P 500® Index (the “SPX”) or FTSE Russell (“RTY Sponsor”) with respect to the Russell 2000® Index (the “RTY”) (SPX sponsor and RTY
Sponsor together, the “index sponsors”). The index sponsors have no obligation to continue to publish, and may discontinue or suspend the publication of any Basket Component at any time. The consequences of any index sponsor discontinuing
publication of a Basket Component are discussed in the section entitled “Description of the LIRNS-Discontinuance of an Index” on page PS-19 in product supplement EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1. None of us, the calculation agent, or MLPF&S accepts
any responsibility for the calculation, maintenance, or publication of any Basket Component or any successor index.
The S&P 500® Index
The SPX is intended to provide an indication of the pattern of common stock price movement. The calculation of the level of the SPX is based on the
relative value of the aggregate market value of the common stocks of 500 companies as of a particular time compared to the aggregate average market value of the common stocks of 500 similar companies during the base period of the years 1941
through 1943.
Eleven main groups of companies constitute the SPX, with the approximate percentage of the market capitalization of the SPX included in each group as of
September 28, 2018 indicated in parentheses: Information Technology (21.0%); Health Care (15.0%); Financials (13.3%); Consumer Discretionary (10.3%); Industrials (9.7%); Consumer Staples (6.7%); Energy (6.0%); Utilities (2.8%); Real Estate
(2.7%); Materials (2.4%) and Communication Services (10.0%).The SPX sponsor may from time to time, in its sole discretion, add companies to, or delete companies from, the SPX to achieve the objectives stated above. As of the close of business on
September 21, 2018, the SPX sponsor and MSCI, Inc. updated the Global Industry Classification Sector (“GICS”) structure. Among other things, the update broadened the Telecommunications Services sector and renamed it the Communication Services
sector. The renamed sector includes the previously existing Telecommunication Services Industry group, as well as the Media Industry group, which was moved from the Consumer Discretionary sector and renamed the Media & Entertainment Industry
group. The Media & Entertainment Industry group contains three industries: Media, Entertainment and Interactive Media & Services. The Media industry continues to consist of the Advertising, Broadcasting, Cable & Satellite and
Publishing sub-industries. The Entertainment industry contains the Movies & Entertainment sub-industry (which includes online entertainment streaming companies in addition to companies previously classified in such industry prior to September
21, 2018) and the Interactive Home Entertainment sub-industry (which includes companies previously classified in the Home Entertainment Software sub-industry prior to September 21, 2018 (when the Home Entertainment Software sub-industry was a
sub-industry in the Information Technology sector)), as well as producers of interactive gaming products, including mobile gaming applications). The Interactive Media & Services industry and sub-industry includes companies engaged in content
and information creation or distribution through proprietary platforms, where revenues are derived primarily through pay-per-click advertisements, and includes search engines, social media and networking platforms, online classifieds and online
review companies. The GICS structure changes are effective for the S&P 500® Index as of the open of business on September 24, 2018 to coincide with the September 2018 quarterly rebalancing.
The SPX sponsor calculates the SPX by reference to the prices of the constituent stocks of the SPX without taking account of the value of dividends paid
on those stocks. As a result, the return on the notes will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned the SPX constituent stocks and received the dividends paid on those stocks.
Computation of the SPX
While the SPX sponsor currently employs the following methodology to calculate the SPX, no assurance can be given that the SPX sponsor will not modify
or change this methodology in a manner that may affect the Redemption Amount.
Historically, the market value of any component stock of the SPX was calculated as the product of the market price per share and the number of then
outstanding shares of such component stock. In March 2005, the SPX sponsor began shifting the SPX halfway from a market capitalization weighted formula to a float-adjusted formula, before moving the SPX to full float adjustment on September 16,
2005. The SPX sponsor’s criteria for selecting stocks for the SPX did not change with the shift to float adjustment. However, the adjustment affects each company’s weight in the SPX.
Under float adjustment, the share counts used in calculating the SPX reflect only those shares that are available to investors, not all of a company’s
outstanding shares. Float adjustment excludes shares that are closely held by control groups, other publicly traded companies or government agencies.
In September 2012, all shareholdings representing more than 5% of a stock’s outstanding shares, other than holdings by “block owners,” were removed from
the float for purposes of calculating the SPX. Generally, these “control holders” will include officers and directors, private equity, venture capital and special equity firms, other publicly traded companies that hold shares for control,
strategic partners, holders of restricted shares, ESOPs, employee and family trusts, foundations associated with the company, holders of unlisted share classes of stock, government entities at all levels (other than government retirement/pension
funds) and any individual person who controls a 5% or greater stake in a company as reported in regulatory filings. However, holdings by block owners, such as depositary banks, pension funds, mutual funds and ETF providers, 401(k) plans of the
company, government retirement/pension funds, investment funds of insurance companies, asset managers and investment funds, independent foundations and savings and investment plans, will ordinarily be considered part of the float.
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Treasury stock, stock options, equity participation units, warrants, preferred stock, convertible stock, and rights are not part of the float. Shares
held in a trust to allow investors in countries outside the country of domicile, such as depositary shares and Canadian exchangeable shares are normally part of the float unless those shares form a control block. If a company has multiple classes of stock outstanding, shares in an unlisted or non-traded class are treated as a control block.
For each stock, an investable weight factor (“IWF”) is calculated by dividing the available float shares by the total shares outstanding. Available
float shares are defined as the total shares outstanding less shares held by control holders. This calculation is subject to a 5% minimum threshold for control blocks. For example, if a company’s officers and directors hold 3% of the company’s
shares, and no other control group holds 5% of the company’s shares, the SPX sponsor would assign that company an IWF of 1.00, as no control group meets the 5% threshold. However, if a company’s officers and directors hold 3% of the company’s
shares and another control group holds 20% of the company’s shares, the SPX sponsor would assign an IWF of 0.77, reflecting the fact that 23% of the company’s outstanding shares are considered to be held for control. As of July 31, 2017, companies with multiple share class lines are no longer eligible for inclusion in the SPX. Constituents of the SPX prior
to July 31, 2017 with multiple share class lines will be grandfathered in and continue to be included in the SPX. If a constituent company of the SPX reorganizes into a multiple share class line structure, that company will remain in the SPX at
the discretion of the SPX sponsor Committee in order to minimize turnover.
The SPX is calculated using a base-weighted aggregate methodology. The level of the SPX reflects the total market value of all component stocks relative
to the base period of the years 1941 through 1943. An indexed number is used to represent the results of this calculation in order to make the level easier to use and track over time. The actual total market value of the component stocks during
the base period of the years 1941 through 1943 has been set to an indexed level of 10. This is often indicated by the notation 1941- 43 = 10. In practice, the daily calculation of the SPX is computed by dividing the total market value of the
component stocks by the “index divisor.” By itself, the index divisor is an arbitrary number. However, in the context of the calculation of the SPX, it serves as a link to the original base period level of the SPX. The index divisor keeps the SPX
comparable over time and is the manipulation point for all adjustments to the SPX, which is index maintenance.
Index Maintenance
Index maintenance includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for company additions and deletions, share changes, stock splits, stock dividends,
and stock price adjustments due to company restructuring or spinoffs. Some corporate actions, such as stock splits and stock dividends, require changes in the common shares outstanding and the stock prices of the companies in the SPX, and do not
require index divisor adjustments.
To prevent the level of the SPX from changing due to corporate actions, corporate actions which affect the total market value of the SPX require an
index divisor adjustment. By adjusting the index divisor for the change in market value, the level of the SPX remains constant and does not reflect the corporate actions of individual companies in the SPX. Index divisor adjustments are made after
the close of trading and after the calculation of the SPX closing level.
Changes in a company’s shares outstanding
and IWF due to its acquisition of another public company are made as soon as reasonably possible. At the discretion of the SPX sponsor, de minimis merger and acquisition share changes are accumulated and implemented with the quarterly share rebalancing.
All other changes of less than 5.00% are
accumulated and made quarterly on the third Friday of March, June, September, and December.
Changes in a company’s total shares
outstanding of 5.00% or more due to public offerings are made as soon as reasonably possible. Other changes of 5.00% or more (for example, due to tender offers, Dutch auctions, voluntary exchange offers, company stock repurchases, private
placements, acquisitions of private companies or non-index companies that do not trade on a major exchange, redemptions, exercise of options, warrants, conversion of preferred stock, notes, debt, equity participations, at-the-market stock
offerings or other recapitalizations) are made weekly, and are generally announced on Fridays for implementation after the close of trading the following Friday (one week later). If a 5.00% or more share change causes a company’s IWF to change
by five percentage points or more, the IWF is updated at the same time as the share change. IWF changes resulting from partial tender offers are considered on a case-by-case basis.
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
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The following graph shows the daily historical performance of the SPX in the period from January 1, 2008 through
October 4, 2018. We obtained this historical data from Bloomberg L.P. We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information obtained from Bloomberg L.P. On the pricing date, the closing level of the SPX was
2,901.61.
Historical Performance of the SPX
This historical data on the SPX is not necessarily indicative of the future performance of the SPX or what the
value of the notes may be. Any historical upward or downward trend in the level of the SPX during any period set forth above is not an indication that the level of the SPX is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any time over the term
of the notes.
Before investing in the notes, you should consult publicly available sources for the levels of the SPX.
License Agreement
S&P® is a registered trademark of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC and Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of
Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”). These trademarks have been licensed for use by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. “Standard & Poor’s®,” “S&P 500®” and “S&P®” are trademarks of S&P.
These trademarks have been sublicensed for certain purposes by us. The SPX is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and/or its affiliates and has been licensed for use by us.
The notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones, Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC or
any of their respective affiliates (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”). S&P Dow Jones Indices make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the holders of the notes or any member of the public regarding the advisability
of investing in securities generally or in the notes particularly or the ability of the SPX to track general market performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices’ only relationship to us with respect to the SPX is the licensing of the SPX and certain
trademarks, service marks and/or trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its third party licensors. The SPX is determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices without regard to us or the notes. S&P Dow Jones Indices
have no obligation to take our needs or the needs of holders of the notes into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the SPX. S&P Dow Jones Indices are not responsible for and have not participated in the determination of
the prices, and amount of the notes or the timing of the issuance or sale of the notes or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the notes are to be converted into cash. S&P Dow Jones Indices have no obligation or
liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the notes. There is no assurance that investment products based on the SPX will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow
Jones Indices LLC and its subsidiaries are not investment advisors. Inclusion of a security or futures contract within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security or futures contract, nor is
it considered to be investment advice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, CME Group Inc. and its affiliates may independently issue and/or sponsor financial products unrelated to the notes currently being issued by us, but which may be similar to
and competitive with the notes. In addition, CME Group Inc. and its affiliates may trade financial products which are linked to the performance of the SPX. It is possible that this trading activity will affect the value of the notes.
S&P DOW JONES INDICES DO NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE SPX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY
COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR
DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY US, HOLDERS OF THE NOTES,
OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE SPX OR WITH
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RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT,
STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND US, OTHER THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.
The Russell 2000® Index
Russell began dissemination of the RTY (Bloomberg
L.P. index symbol “RTY”) on January 1, 1984. FTSE Russell calculates and publishes the RTY. The RTY was set to 135 as of the close of business on December 31, 1986. The RTY is
designed to track the performance of the small capitalization segment of the U.S. equity market.
As a subset of the Russell 3000® Index, the RTY consists
of the smallest 2,000 companies included in the Russell 3000® Index. The Russell 3000® Index measures the performance of the largest 3,000 U.S. companies, representing approximately 98% of the investable U.S. equity market.
The RTY is determined, comprised, and calculated by FTSE Russell without regard to the notes.
“Russell 2000®” and “Russell 3000®” are trademarks of FTSE Russell and have been licensed for use by us. The
notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold, or promoted by FTSE Russell, and FTSE Russell makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the notes.
Selection of Stocks Underlying the RTY
All companies eligible for inclusion in the RTY must
be classified as a U.S. company under FTSE Russell’s country-assignment methodology. If a company is incorporated, has a stated headquarters location, and trades on a standard exchange in the same country (American Depositary Receipts and
American Depositary Shares are not eligible), then the company is assigned to its country of incorporation. If any of the three factors are not the same, FTSE Russell defines three Home Country Indicators (“HCIs”): country of incorporation,
country of headquarters, and country of the most liquid exchange (as defined by a two-year average daily dollar trading volume) (“ADDTV”) from all exchanges within a country. Using the HCIs, FTSE Russell compares the primary location of the company’s assets with the three HCIs. If the primary location of its assets matches any
of the HCIs, then the company is assigned to the primary location of its assets. If there is insufficient information to determine the country in which the company’s
assets are primarily located, FTSE Russell will use the primary location of the company’s revenue for the same cross-comparison and assigns the company to the appropriate country in a similar fashion. FTSE Russell uses the average of two years of assets or revenues data to reduce potential turnover. If conclusive country details cannot be derived from assets or revenues data, FTSE Russell
will assign the company to the country in which its headquarters are located, unless the country is a Benefit Driven Incorporation “BDI” country. If the country in
which its headquarters is located is a BDI, it will be assigned to the country of its most liquid stock exchange. BDI countries include: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands,
Channel Islands, Cook Islands, Curacao, Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Panama, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten,
and Turks and Caicos Islands. For any companies incorporated or headquartered in a U.S. territory, including countries such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and U.S. Virgin Islands, a U.S. HCI is assigned.
All securities eligible for inclusion in the RTY must
trade on a major U.S. exchange. Stocks must have a closing price at or above $1.00 on their primary exchange on the “rank day” in May of each year (timetable is announced each spring) to be eligible for inclusion during annual reconstitution.
However, in order to reduce unnecessary turnover, if an existing member’s closing price is less than $1.00 on the last day of May, it will be considered eligible if the average of the daily closing prices (from its primary exchange) during the
month of May is equal to or greater than $1.00. FTSE Russell adds initial public offerings (IPOs) each quarter to ensure that new additions to the institutional investing opportunity set are reflected in representative indexes. A stock added
during the quarterly IPO process is considered a new index addition, and therefore must have a closing price on its primary exchange at or above $1.00 on the last day of the eligibility period in order to qualify for index inclusion. If an
existing index member does not trade on the rank day, it must price at $1.00 or above on another eligible U.S. exchange to remain eligible.
An important criterion used to determine the list of securities eligible for the RTY is total market capitalization, which is defined as the market price as of the rank day in May for those securities being considered at annual reconstitution times the total number of shares outstanding. Where
applicable, common stock, non-restricted exchangeable shares and partnership units/membership interests are used to determine market capitalization. Any other form of shares such as preferred stock, convertible preferred
stock, redeemable shares, participating preferred stock,
warrants, rights, installment receipts or trust receipts, are excluded from the calculation. If multiple share classes of common stock exist, they are combined to determine total shares outstanding. In cases where the common stock share
classes act independently of each other (e.g., tracking stocks), each class is considered for inclusion separately. If multiple share classes exist, the pricing vehicle will be designated as the share class with the highest two-year trading
volume as of the rank day in May.
Companies with a total market capitalization of less than $30 million are not eligible for the RTY. Similarly, companies with only 5% or less of their shares available in the marketplace are not eligible for the RTY. Royalty
trusts, limited liability companies, closed-end investment companies (companies that are required to report Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, as defined by the SEC, including
business development companies), blank check companies, special purpose acquisition companies, and limited partnerships are also ineligible for inclusion.
Exchange traded funds and mutual funds are also excluded. Bulletin board, pink sheets, and over-the-counter (“OTC”) traded securities are not eligible for inclusion.
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
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Annual reconstitution is a process by which the RTY is
completely rebuilt. Based on closing levels of the company’s common stock on its primary exchange on the rank day of May of each year, FTSE Russell reconstitutes the composition of the RTY using the then existing market capitalizations of eligible companies. Reconstitution of the RTY occurs on the last Friday in June or,
when the last Friday in June is the 29th or 30th, reconstitution occurs on the prior Friday. In addition, FTSE Russell adds initial public offerings to the RTY on a
quarterly basis based on total market capitalization ranking within the market-adjusted capitalization breaks established during the most recent reconstitution.
After membership is determined, a security’s shares are adjusted to include only those shares available to the public. This is often referred to as
“free float.” The purpose of the adjustment is to exclude from market calculations the capitalization that is not available for purchase and is not part of the investable opportunity set.
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
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The following graph shows the daily historical performance of the RTY in the period from January 1, 2008 through
October 4, 2018. We obtained this historical data from Bloomberg L.P. We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information obtained from Bloomberg L.P. On the pricing date, the closing level of the RTY was
1,646.911.
Historical Performance of the RTY
This historical data on the RTY is not necessarily indicative of the future performance of the RTY or what the
value of the notes may be. Any historical upward or downward trend in the level of the RTY during any period set forth above is not an indication that the level of the RTY is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any time over the term
of the notes.
Before investing in the notes, you should consult publicly available sources for the levels of the RTY.
License Agreement
We have entered into a non-exclusive license agreement with FTSE Russell providing for the license to us and certain of our affiliated or subsidiary companies, in
exchange for a fee, of the right to use indices owned and published by FTSE Russell (including the RTY) in connection with certain securities, including the notes. The
license agreement provides that the following language must be stated in this term sheet:
The notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold, or promoted by FTSE Russell. FTSE Russell makes no
representation or warranty, express or implied, to the holders of the notes or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the notes particularly or the ability of the RTY to track general stock market performance or a segment of the same. FTSE Russell’s publication of the RTY in
no way suggests or implies an opinion by FTSE Russell as to the advisability of investment in any or all of the securities upon which the RTY is based. FTSE Russell’s
only relationship to us is the licensing of certain trademarks and trade names of FTSE Russell and of the RTY, which is determined, composed, and calculated by FTSE Russell without regard to us or the notes. FTSE Russell is not responsible for
and has not reviewed the notes nor any associated literature or publications and FTSE Russell makes no representation or warranty express or implied as to their accuracy or completeness, or otherwise. FTSE Russell reserves the right, at any time
and without notice, to alter, amend, terminate, or in any way change the RTY. FTSE Russell has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of the notes.
FTSE RUSSELL DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE RTY OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN AND FTSE RUSSELL SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY
FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR INTERRUPTIONS THEREIN. FTSE RUSSELL MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY US, INVESTORS, HOLDERS OF THE NOTES, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE RTY OR ANY DATA
INCLUDED THEREIN. FTSE RUSSELL MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE RTY OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY
OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT SHALL FTSE RUSSELL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS), EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
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Supplement to the Plan of Distribution
Under our distribution agreement with MLPF&S, MLPF&S will purchase the notes from us as principal at the public offering price indicated on the
cover of this term sheet, less the indicated underwriting discount.
We will deliver the notes against payment therefor in New York, New York on a date that is greater than two business days following the pricing date.
Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in two business days, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to
trade the notes more than two business days prior to the original issue date will be required to specify alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.
The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. In the original offering of the notes, the notes will be sold in minimum investment amounts of
100 units. If you place an order to purchase the notes, you are consenting to MLPF&S acting as a principal in effecting the transaction for your account.
MLPF&S may repurchase and resell the notes, with repurchases and resales being made at prices related to then-prevailing market prices or at
negotiated prices, and these prices will include MLPF&S’s trading commissions and mark-ups. MLPF&S may act as principal or agent in these market-making transactions; however, it is not obligated to engage in any such transactions. At
MLPF&S’s discretion, for a short, undetermined initial period after the issuance of the notes, MLPF&S may offer to buy the notes in the secondary market at a price that may exceed the initial estimated value of the notes. Any price
offered by MLPF&S for the notes will be based on then-prevailing market conditions and other considerations, including the performance of the Basket and the remaining term of the notes. However, neither we nor any of our affiliates is
obligated to purchase your notes at any price or at any time, and we cannot assure you that we, MLPF&S or any of our respective affiliates will purchase your notes at a price that equals or exceeds the initial estimated value of the notes.
The value of the notes shown on your account statement will be based on MLPF&S’s estimate of the value of the notes if MLPF&S or another of its
affiliates were to make a market in the notes, which it is not obligated to do. That estimate will be based upon the price that MLPF&S may pay for the notes in light of then-prevailing market conditions and other considerations, as mentioned
above, and will include transaction costs. At certain times, this price may be higher than or lower than the initial estimated value of the notes.
The distribution of the Note Prospectus in connection with these offers or sales will be solely for the purpose of providing investors with the
description of the terms of the notes that was made available to investors in connection with their initial offering. Secondary market investors should not, and will not be authorized to, rely on the Note Prospectus for information regarding RBC
or for any purpose other than that described in the immediately preceding sentence.
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Structuring the Notes
The notes are our debt securities, the return on which is linked to the performance of the Basket. As is the case for all of our debt securities,
including our market-linked notes, the economic terms of the notes reflect our actual or perceived creditworthiness at the time of pricing. In addition, because market-linked notes result in increased operational, funding and liability
management costs to us, we typically borrow the funds under these notes at a rate that is more favorable to us than the rate which we refer to as our internal funding rate, which is the rate that we might pay for a conventional fixed or floating
rate debt security. This generally relatively lower internal funding rate, which is reflected in the economic terms of the notes, along with the fees and charges associated with market-linked notes, resulted in the initial estimated value of the
notes on the pricing date being less than their public offering price.
At maturity, we are required to pay the Redemption Amount to holders of the notes, which will be calculated based on the $10 per unit principal amount
and will depend on the performance of the Basket. In order to meet these payment obligations, at the time we issue the notes, we may choose to enter into certain hedging arrangements (which may include call options, put options or other
derivatives) with MLPF&S or one of its affiliates. The terms of these hedging arrangements are determined by seeking bids from market participants, including MLPF&S and its affiliates, and take into account a number of factors, including
our creditworthiness, interest rate movements, the volatility of the Basket Components, the tenor of the notes and the tenor of the hedging arrangements. The economic terms of the notes and their initial estimated value depend in part on the
terms of these hedging arrangements.
MLPF&S has advised us that the hedging arrangements will include a hedging related charge of approximately $0.075 per unit, reflecting an estimated
profit to be credited to MLPF&S from these transactions. Since hedging entails risk and may be influenced by unpredictable market forces, additional profits and losses from these hedging arrangements may be realized by MLPF&S or any
third party hedge providers.
For further information, see “Risk Factors—General Risks Relating to the LIRNs” beginning on page PS-6 and “Use of Proceeds and Hedging” on page PS-15
of product supplement EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1.
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Summary of Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences
For a discussion of the material Canadian federal income tax consequences relating to an investment in the notes, please see the section entitled “Tax
Consequences—Canadian Taxation” in the prospectus dated September 7, 2018.
Summary of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences
You should consider the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes, including the following:
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There is no statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addressing the characterization of the notes.
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You agree with us (in the absence of a statutory, regulatory, administrative, or judicial ruling to the contrary) to characterize and treat the notes for all tax purposes as pre-paid
derivative contracts in respect of the Basket.
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Under this characterization and tax treatment of the notes, a U.S. holder (as defined on page 41 of the prospectus) generally will recognize capital gain or loss upon the sale or
maturity of the notes. This capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if you held the notes for more than one year.
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No assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service or any court will agree with this characterization and tax treatment.
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Under current Internal Revenue Service guidance, withholding on “dividend equivalent” payments (as discussed in the product supplement), if any, will not apply to notes that are
issued as of the date of this pricing supplement unless such notes are “delta-one” instruments.
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You should consult your own tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences to you of acquiring, owning, and disposing of the notes,
as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local, foreign, or other tax jurisdiction and the possible effects of changes in U.S. federal or other tax laws. You should review carefully the discussion under the section
entitled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Summary” beginning on page PS-30 of product supplement EQUITY INDICES LIRN-1.
Validity of the Notes
In the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, the issue and sale of the notes has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the
Bank in conformity with the Indenture, and when the notes have been duly executed, authenticated and issued in accordance with the Indenture and delivered against payment therefor, the notes will be validly issued and, to the extent validity of
the notes is a matter governed by the laws of the Province of Ontario or Québec, or the laws of Canada applicable therein, and will be valid obligations of the Bank, subject to equitable remedies which may only be granted at the discretion of a
court of competent authority, subject to applicable bankruptcy, to rights to indemnity and contribution under the notes or the Indenture which may be limited by applicable law, to insolvency and other laws of general application affecting
creditors’ rights, to limitations under applicable limitations statutes and subject to limitations as to the currency in which judgments in Canada may be rendered, as prescribed by the Currency Act (Canada). This opinion is given as of the date
hereof and is limited to the laws of the Provinces of Ontario and Québec and the federal laws of Canada applicable thereto. In addition, this opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the Trustee’s authorization, execution and delivery of
the Indenture and the genuineness of signatures and certain factual matters, all as stated in the letter of such counsel dated September 7, 2018, which has been filed as Exhibit 5.1 to Royal Bank’s Form 6-K filed with the SEC dated September 7,
2018.
In the opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP, when the notes have been duly completed in accordance with the Indenture and issued and sold as
contemplated by the prospectus supplement and the prospectus, the notes will be valid, binding and enforceable obligations of Royal Bank, entitled to the benefits of the Indenture, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws
affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability (including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith). This opinion is given as of the
date hereof and is limited to the laws of the State of New York. This opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the Trustee’s authorization, execution and delivery of the Indenture and the genuineness of signatures and to such counsel’s
reliance on the Bank and other sources as to certain factual matters, all as stated in the legal opinion dated September 7, 2018, which has been filed as Exhibit 5.2 to the Bank’s Form 6-K dated September 7, 2018.
Terms Incorporated in Master Global Security
The terms appearing under the captions “Summary—Terms of the Notes” and “Summary—Redemption Amount Determination” on page TS-2 above, the pricing date, settlement date
and maturity date appearing on the cover page, and the applicable terms included in the documents listed under “Summary” on page TS-2 are incorporated into the master global security that represents the notes and is held by The Depository Trust
Company.
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Capped Leveraged Index Return Notes®
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Where You Can Find More Information
We have filed a registration statement (including a product supplement, a prospectus supplement, and a prospectus) with the SEC for the offering to which this term
sheet relates. Before you invest, you should read the Note Prospectus, including this term sheet, and the other documents that we have filed with the SEC, for more complete information about us and this offering. You may get these documents
without cost by visiting EDGAR on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, we, any agent, or any dealer participating in this offering will arrange to send you these documents if you so request by calling MLPF&S toll-free at
1-800-294-1322.
Market-Linked Investments Classification
MLPF&S classifies certain market-linked investments (the “Market-Linked
Investments”) into categories, each with different investment characteristics. The following description is meant solely for informational purposes and is not intended to represent any particular Enhanced Return Market-Linked Investment or
guarantee any performance.
Enhanced Return Market-Linked Investments are short- to medium-term investments that offer you a way to enhance exposure to a particular market view
without taking on a similarly enhanced level of market downside risk. They can be especially effective in a flat to moderately positive market (or, in the case of bearish investments, a flat to moderately negative market). In exchange for the
potential to receive better-than market returns on the linked asset, you must generally accept market downside risk and capped upside potential. As these investments are not market downside protected, and do not assure full repayment of
principal at maturity, you need to be prepared for the possibility that you may lose all or part of your investment.
“Leveraged Index Return Notes®” and “LIRNs®” are the registered service marks of Bank of America Corporation, the parent
company of MLPF&S.