May 2018 MSELN-338-C Registration Statement No. 333-208507 Dated May 16, 2018 Filed Pursuant to Rule 433

STRUCTURED INVESTMENTS

Opportunities in U.S. Equities

Dual Directional Trigger PLUS Based on the Performance of the Common Stock of Apple Inc.

due June 3, 2020

Trigger Performance Leveraged Upside Securities^SM

Principal at Risk Securities

The Dual Directional Trigger PLUS, or “Trigger PLUS,” are senior unsecured obligations of Royal Bank of Canada, do not pay interest, do not guarantee any return of principal at maturity and have the terms described in the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus, as supplemented or modified by this document. At maturity, if the price of the underlying stock has increased, investors will receive the stated principal amount of their investment plus a return reflecting the leveraged upside performance of the underlying stock, subject to the maximum upside payment. If the price of the underlying stock has decreased by no more than 20%, investors will receive the stated principal amount plus an unleveraged positive return equal to the absolute value of the percentage decline, which will effectively be limited to a positive return of 20%. However, if the price of the underlying stock has decreased by more than 20%, investors will lose 1% of the stated principal amount for every 1% decline in the final share price from the initial share price. The Trigger PLUS are for investors who seek an equity-based return and who are willing to risk their principal and forgo current income and upside above the maximum upside payment in exchange for the leveraged return feature and the unleveraged absolute return feature, which in each case apply to a limited range of positive or negative performance of the underlying stock, as applicable. Investors may lose their entire initial investment in the Trigger PLUS. The Trigger PLUS are senior notes issued as part of Royal Bank of Canada’s Global Medium-Term Notes, Series G program. All payments on the Trigger PLUS are subject to the credit risk of Royal Bank of Canada.

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RBCCM, acting as agent for Royal Bank of Canada, will receive a fee of $0.25 per $10 stated principal amount and will pay to Morgan Stanley Wealth Management (“MSWM”) a fixed sales commission of $0.20 for each Trigger PLUS that MSWM sells. See “Supplemental Information Regarding Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest.”

(2)	Of the amount per $10 stated principal amount received by RBCCM, acting as agent for Royal Bank of Canada, RBCCM will pay MSWM a structuring fee of $0.05 for each Trigger PLUS.

The pricing date, issue date and other dates set forth above are subject to change, and will be set forth in the pricing supplement relating to the Trigger PLUS.

The initial estimated value of the Trigger PLUS as of the date of this document is $9.6658 per $10 Trigger PLUS, which is less than the price to public. The final pricing supplement relating to the Trigger PLUS will set forth our estimate of the initial value of the Trigger PLUS as of the pricing date, which will not be more than $0.30 less than this amount. The market value of the Trigger PLUS at any time will reflect many factors, cannot be predicted with accuracy, and may be less than this amount.

An investment in the Trigger PLUS involves certain risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of this document, beginning on page S-1 of the accompanying prospectus supplement, and beginning on page 1 of the prospectus.

You should read this document together with the related prospectus supplement and prospectus,

each of which can be accessed via the hyperlinks below, before you decide to invest.

Please also see “Additional Terms of the Trigger PLUS” in this document.

None of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any state securities commission or any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of the Trigger PLUS or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this document. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The Trigger PLUS will not constitute deposits insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other Canadian or U.S. government agency or instrumentality.

 

Investment Summary

Dual Directional Trigger Performance Leveraged Upside Securities

Principal at Risk Securities

The Dual Directional Trigger PLUS Based on the Performance of the Common Stock of Apple Inc. due June 3, 2020 (the “Trigger PLUS”) can be used:

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As an alternative to direct exposure to the underlying stock that enhances returns for any positive performance of the underlying stock, subject to the maximum upside payment.

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To obtain an unleveraged positive return for a limited range of negative performance of the underlying stock.

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To potentially outperform the underlying stock in a moderately bullish or moderately bearish scenario.

The Trigger PLUS are exposed on a 1:1 basis to the full negative performance of the underlying stock if the final share price is less than the trigger price.

 

Key Investment Rationale

The Trigger PLUS offer leveraged exposure to the positive performance of the underlying stock, subject to the maximum upside payment, and an unleveraged positive return based on the absolute value of a limited range of negative percentage changes of the underlying stock. At maturity, if the price of the underlying stock has increased, investors will receive the stated principal amount of their investment plus a return reflecting the leveraged upside performance of the underlying stock, subject to the maximum upside payment of $12.23 per Trigger PLUS. If the price of the underlying stock has decreased by no more than 20%, investors will receive the stated principal amount plus an unleveraged positive return equal to the absolute value of the percentage decline, which will effectively be limited to a positive return of 20%. However, if the price of the underlying stock has decreased by more than 20%, investors will lose 1% of the principal amount for every 1% decline in the final share price from the initial share price. Investors may lose their entire initial investment in the Trigger PLUS.

 

 

Additional Information

You should read this document together with the prospectus dated January 8, 2016, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement dated January 8, 2016, relating to our Senior Global Medium-Term Notes, Series G, of which the Trigger PLUS are a part. This document, together with these documents, contains the terms of the Trigger PLUS and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials, including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, brochures or other educational materials of ours.

You should rely only on the information provided or incorporated by reference in this document, the prospectus and the prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information, and we take no responsibility for any other information that others may give you. We and Morgan Stanley Wealth Management are offering to sell the Trigger PLUS and seeking offers to buy the Trigger PLUS only in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this document and the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus is current only as of their respective dates.

If the information in this document differs from the information contained in the prospectus supplement or the prospectus, you should rely on the information in this document.

You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in “Risk Factors” in this document and the accompanying prospectus supplement, as the Trigger PLUS involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the Trigger PLUS.

You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):

·

Prospectus dated January 8, 2016:

·

Prospectus Supplement dated January 8, 2016:

Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1000275.

Please see the section “Documents Incorporated by Reference” on page i of the above prospectus for a description of our filings with the SEC that are incorporated by reference therein.

The issuer has filed a registration statement (including a prospectus) with the SEC for the offering to which this communication relates. Before you invest, you should read the prospectus in that registration statement and other documents the issuer has filed with the SEC for more complete information about the issuer and this offering. You may get these documents for free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, the issuer, any underwriter or any dealer participating in this offering will arrange to send you the prospectus if you request it by calling toll-free 1-877-688-2301.

 

How the Trigger PLUS Work

Payoff Diagram

The payoff diagram below illustrates the payment at maturity on the Trigger PLUS for a range of hypothetical percentage changes in the price of the underlying stock. The graph is based on the following terms:

 

How it works

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Upside Scenario if the Underlying Stock Appreciates. If the final share price is greater than the initial share price, then investors would receive the $10 stated principal amount plus a return reflecting 150% of the appreciation of the underlying stock over the term of the Trigger PLUS, subject to the maximum upside payment. Under the terms of the Trigger PLUS, an investor would realize the maximum upside payment at maturity if the final share price is approximately 114.87% of the initial share price.

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If the price of the underlying stock appreciates by 3%, the investor would receive a 4.50% return, or $10.45 per Trigger PLUS.

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If the underlying stock appreciates by approximately 14.87% or more, the investor would receive only the maximum upside payment of $12.23 per Trigger PLUS, or 122.30% of the stated principal amount.

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Absolute Return Scenario. If the final share price is less than or equal to the initial share price but is greater than or equal to the trigger price of 80% of the initial share price, the investor would receive a 1% positive return on the Trigger PLUS for each 1% decline in the underlying stock.

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If the price of the underlying stock depreciates by 10%, the investor would receive a 10% return, or $11.00 per Trigger PLUS.

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The maximum return you may receive in this scenario is a positive 20% return at maturity.

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Downside Scenario. If the final share price is less than the trigger price, the investor would receive an amount that is less than the $10 stated principal amount, based on a 1% loss of principal for each 1% decline in the underlying stock. This amount will be less than $8.00 per Trigger PLUS. There is no minimum payment at maturity on the Trigger PLUS.

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If the price of the underlying stock depreciates by 30%, the investor would lose 30% of the investor’s principal and receive only $7.00 per Trigger PLUS at maturity, or 70% of the stated principal amount.

 

Risk Factors

An investment in the Trigger PLUS is subject to the risks described below, as well as the risks described under “Risk Factors” in the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus. Investors in the Trigger PLUS are also exposed to further risks related to the issuer of the Trigger PLUS, Royal Bank of Canada, which are described in Royal Bank of Canada’s annual report on Form 40-F for its most recently completed fiscal year, filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference herein. See the categories of risks, identified and disclosed in the management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in the annual report on Form 40-F. This section (and the management’s discussion and analysis section of the annual report on Form 40-F) describes the most significant risks relating to the Trigger PLUS. You should carefully consider whether the Trigger PLUS are suited to your particular circumstances.

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The Trigger PLUS do not pay interest or guarantee return of principal. The terms of the Trigger PLUS differ from those of ordinary debt securities in that the Trigger PLUS do not pay interest or guarantee payment of principal amount at maturity. If the final share price is less than the trigger price (which is 80% of the initial share price), the absolute return feature will no longer be available and the payout at maturity will be an amount in cash that is at least 20% less than the $10 stated principal amount of each Trigger PLUS. In this case, you will lose a significant portion of your principal amount equal to the percentage decrease in the price of the underlying stock from the initial share price to the final share price. There is no minimum payment at maturity on the Trigger PLUS, and, accordingly, you could lose your entire initial investment in the Trigger PLUS.

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The appreciation potential of the Trigger PLUS is limited by the maximum upside payment. The appreciation potential of the Trigger PLUS reflecting the positive performance of the underlying stock is limited by the maximum upside payment of $12.23 per Trigger PLUS, or 122.30% of the stated principal amount. Although the leverage factor provides 150% exposure to any increase in the price of the underlying stock as of the valuation date above the initial share price, because the payment at maturity will be limited to 122.30% of the stated principal amount for the Trigger PLUS, any increase in the final share price over the initial share price by more than approximately 14.87% will not further increase the return on the Trigger PLUS.

In addition, because investors will receive the stated principal amount plus an unleveraged positive return equal to the absolute value of the percentage decline in the price of the underlying stock only if the final share price is greater than or equal to the trigger price, the maximum return you may receive in this scenario is a positive 20% return at maturity.

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The Trigger PLUS are subject to the credit risk of Royal Bank of Canada, and any actual or anticipated changes to its credit ratings or credit spreads may adversely affect the market value of the Trigger PLUS. You are dependent on Royal Bank of Canada’s ability to pay all amounts due on the Trigger PLUS at maturity and therefore you are subject to the credit risk of Royal Bank of Canada. If Royal Bank of Canada defaults on its obligations under the Trigger PLUS, your investment would be at risk and you could lose some or all of your investment. As a result, the market value of the Trigger PLUS prior to maturity will be affected by changes in the market’s view of Royal Bank of Canada’s creditworthiness. Any actual or anticipated decline in Royal Bank of Canada’s credit ratings or increase in the credit spreads charged by the market for taking Royal Bank of Canada credit risk is likely to adversely affect the market value of the Trigger PLUS.

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The initial estimated value of the Trigger PLUS will be less than the price to the public. The initial estimated value that is set forth on the cover page of this document, and that will be set forth in the pricing supplement for the Trigger PLUS, does not represent a minimum price at which we, RBCCM or any of our affiliates would be willing to purchase the Trigger PLUS in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. If you attempt to sell the Trigger PLUS prior to maturity, their market value may be lower than the price you paid for them and the initial estimated value. This is due to, among other things, changes in the price of the underlying stock, the borrowing rate we pay to issue securities of this kind, and the inclusion in the price to the public of the agent’s commissions and the estimated costs relating to our hedging of the Trigger PLUS. These factors, together with various credit, market and

 

economic factors over the term of the Trigger PLUS, are expected to reduce the price at which you may be able to sell the Trigger PLUS in any secondary market and will affect the value of the Trigger PLUS in complex and unpredictable ways. Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the price, if any, at which you may be able to sell your Trigger PLUS prior to maturity may be less than your original purchase price, as any such sale price would not be expected to include the agent’s commissions and the hedging costs relating to the Trigger PLUS. In addition to bid-ask spreads, the value of the Trigger PLUS determined for any secondary market price is expected to be based on the secondary rate rather than the internal funding rate used to price the Trigger PLUS and determine the initial estimated value. As a result, the secondary price will be less than if the internal funding rate was used. The Trigger PLUS are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and willing to hold your Trigger PLUS to maturity.

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Our initial estimated value of the Trigger PLUS is an estimate only, calculated as of the time the terms of the Trigger PLUS are set. The initial estimated value of the Trigger PLUS is based on the value of our obligation to make the payments on the Trigger PLUS, together with the mid-market value of the derivative embedded in the terms of the Trigger PLUS. See “Structuring the Trigger PLUS” below. Our estimate is based on a variety of assumptions, including our credit spreads, expectations as to dividends, interest rates and volatility, and the expected term of the Trigger PLUS. These assumptions are based on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. Other entities may value the Trigger PLUS or similar securities at a price that is significantly different than we do.

The value of the Trigger PLUS at any time after the pricing date will vary based on many factors, including changes in market conditions, and cannot be predicted with accuracy. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold the Trigger PLUS in any secondary market, if any, should be expected to differ materially from the initial estimated value of your Trigger PLUS.

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The Trigger PLUS will not be listed on any securities exchange and secondary trading may be limited. The Trigger PLUS will not be listed on any securities exchange. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the Trigger PLUS. RBCCM may, but is not obligated to, make a market in the Trigger PLUS, and, if it chooses to do so at any time, it may cease doing so. When it does make a market, it will generally do so for transactions of routine secondary market size at prices based on its estimated of the current value of the Trigger PLUS, taking into account its bid/offer spread, our credit spreads, market volatility, the notional size of the proposed sale, the cost of unwinding any related hedging positions, the time remaining to maturity and the likelihood that it will be able to resell the Trigger PLUS. Even if there is a secondary market, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to trade or sell the Trigger PLUS easily. Because we do not expect that other broker-dealers will participate significantly in the secondary market for the Trigger PLUS, the price at which you may be able to trade your Trigger PLUS is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which RBCCM is willing to transact. If, at any time, RBCCM were not to make a market in the Trigger PLUS, it is likely that there would be no secondary market for the Trigger PLUS. Accordingly, you should be willing to hold your Trigger PLUS to maturity.

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The amount payable on the Trigger PLUS is not linked to the price of the underlying stock at any time other than the valuation date. The final share price will be based on the closing price of the underlying stock on the valuation date, subject to adjustment for non-business days and certain market disruption events. Even if the price of the underlying stock appreciates, or decreases by no more than 20%, prior to the valuation date but then decreases on the valuation date to a price that is less than the trigger price, the payment at maturity will be significantly less than it would have been had the payment at maturity been linked to the price of the underlying stock prior to that decrease. Although the actual price of the underlying stock on the stated maturity date or at other times during the term of the Trigger PLUS may be higher than the final share price, the payment at maturity will be based solely on the closing price of the underlying stock on the valuation date.

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The market price of the Trigger PLUS will be influenced by many unpredictable factors. Several factors will influence the value of the Trigger PLUS in the secondary market and the price at which RBCCM may be willing to purchase or sell the Trigger PLUS in the secondary market, including:

 

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the trading price and volatility (frequency and magnitude of changes in value) of the underlying stock,

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dividend yield on the underlying stock,

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market interest rates,

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our creditworthiness, as represented by our credit ratings or as otherwise perceived in the market,

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time remaining to maturity,

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geopolitical conditions and economic, financial, political, regulatory or judicial events that affect the underlying stock, the U.S. equities market generally and which may affect the price of the underlying stock,

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the occurrence of certain events affecting the underlying stock that may or may not require an adjustment to the adjustment factor, and

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any actual or anticipated changes in our credit ratings or credit spreads.

The price of the underlying stock may be, and has recently been, volatile, and we can give you no assurance that the volatility will lessen. See “Apple Inc. Overview” below. You may receive less, and possibly significantly less, than the stated principal amount per Trigger PLUS if you try to sell your Trigger PLUS prior to maturity.

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If the price of the shares of the underlying stock changes, the market value of the Trigger PLUS may not change in the same manner. Owning the Trigger PLUS is not the same as owning shares of the underlying stock. Accordingly, changes in the price of the underlying stock may not result in a comparable change of the market value of the Trigger PLUS. If the closing price of one share of the underlying stock on any trading day increases above the initial share price or the trigger price, the value of the Trigger PLUS may not increase in a comparable manner, if at all. It is possible for the price of the shares of the underlying stock to increase while the value of the Trigger PLUS declines.

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Investing in the Trigger PLUS is not equivalent to investing in the underlying stock. Investors in the Trigger PLUS will not have voting rights or rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock.

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No affiliation with Apple Inc. Apple Inc. (the “underlying company”) is not an affiliate of ours, is not involved with this offering in any way, and has no obligation to consider your interests in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of the Trigger PLUS. We have not made any due diligence inquiry with respect to the underlying company in connection with this offering.

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The historical performance of the underlying stock should not be taken as an indication of its future performance. The price of the underlying stock will determine the amounts to be paid on the Trigger PLUS. The historical performance of the underlying stock does not give an indication of its future performance. As a result, it is impossible to predict whether the price of the underlying stock will rise or fall during the term of the Trigger PLUS. The price of the underlying stock will be influenced by complex and interrelated political, economic, financial and other factors. The value of the underlying stock may decrease such that you may not receive any positive return of your investment. There can be no assurance that the price of the underlying stock will not decrease so that at maturity you will not lose some or all of your investment.

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The antidilution adjustments the calculation agent is required to make do not cover every corporate event that could affect the underlying stock. RBCCM, as calculation agent, will adjust the amount adjustment factor for certain corporate events affecting the underlying stock, such as stock splits and stock dividends, and certain other corporate actions involving the underlying company, such as mergers. However, the calculation agent will not make an adjustment for every corporate event that can affect the underlying stock. For example, the calculation agent is not required to make any adjustments if the underlying company or anyone else makes a partial tender or partial exchange offer for the underlying stock, nor will adjustments be made following the valuation date. If an event occurs that does not require the calculation agent to adjust the adjustment factor, the market price of the Trigger PLUS may be materially and adversely affected.

 

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Hedging and trading activity by us and our subsidiaries could potentially adversely affect the value of the Trigger PLUS. One or more of our subsidiaries and/or third-party dealers expect to carry out hedging activities related to the Trigger PLUS (and possibly to other instruments linked to the underlying stock), including trading in the underlying stock. Some of our subsidiaries also trade the underlying stock and other financial instruments related to the underlying stock on a regular basis as part of their general broker-dealer and other businesses. Any of these hedging or trading activities on or prior to the pricing date could potentially increase the initial share price, and, as a result, the trigger price, which is the price at or above which the underlying stock must close on the valuation date so that investors do not suffer a loss on their initial investment in the Trigger PLUS. Additionally, such hedging or trading activities during the term of the Trigger PLUS, including on the valuation date, could adversely affect the price of the underlying stock on the valuation date, and, accordingly, the payout to you at maturity, if any.

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We may engage in business with or involving the underlying company without regard to your interests. We or our affiliates may presently or from time to time engage in business with the underlying company without regard to your interests and thus may acquire non-public information about the underlying company. Neither we nor any of our affiliates undertakes to disclose any of that information to you. In addition, we or our affiliates from time to time have published and in the future may publish research reports with respect to the underlying company, which may or may not recommend that investors buy or hold the underlying stock.

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We or our affiliates may have adverse economic interests to the holders of the Trigger PLUS. RBCCM and other affiliates of ours may trade the shares of the underlying stock and other financial instruments related to the underlying stock on a regular basis, for their accounts and for other accounts under their management. RBCCM and these affiliates may also issue or underwrite or assist unaffiliated entities in the issuance or underwriting of other securities or financial instruments linked to the underlying stock. To the extent that we or one of our affiliates serves as issuer, agent or underwriter for those securities or financial instruments, our or their interests with respect to those products may be adverse to those of the holders of the Trigger PLUS. Any of these trading activities could potentially affect the performance of the underlying stock and, accordingly, could affect the value of the Trigger PLUS and the amounts, if any, payable on the underlying stock.

We may hedge our obligations under the Trigger PLUS through certain affiliates, who would expect to make a profit on that hedge. We or our affiliates may adjust these hedges by, among other things, purchasing or selling those assets at any time, including around the valuation date, which could have an impact on the return of your Trigger PLUS. Because hedging our obligations entails risk and may be influenced by market forces beyond our or our affiliates' control, such hedging may result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or it may result in a loss.

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We will not hold any shares of the underlying stock for your benefit. The indenture and the terms governing the Trigger PLUS do not contain any restriction on our ability or the ability of any of our affiliates to sell, pledge or otherwise convey all or any shares of the underlying stock that we or they may acquire. Neither we nor our affiliates will pledge or otherwise hold any such shares for your benefit. Consequently, in the event of our bankruptcy, insolvency or liquidation, any of those assets that we own will be subject to the claims of our creditors generally and will not be available for your benefit specifically.

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You must rely on your own evaluation of the merits of an investment linked to the underlying stock. In the ordinary course of their business, our affiliates may have expressed views on expected movement in the underlying stock, and may do so in the future. These views or reports may be communicated to our clients and clients of our affiliates. However, these views are subject to change from time to time. Moreover, other professionals who transact business in markets relating to the underlying stock may at any time have significantly different views from those of our affiliates. For these reasons, you are encouraged to derive information concerning the underlying stock from multiple sources, and you should not rely solely on views expressed by our affiliates.

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The calculation agent, which is a subsidiary of the issuer, will make determinations with respect to the Trigger PLUS, which may create a conflict of interest. Our wholly owned subsidiary, RBCCM, will serve as the calculation agent. As calculation agent, RBCCM will determine the initial share price, the trigger price, the final

 

share price, whether a market disruption event has occurred, whether to make any adjustments to the adjustment factor and the payment at maturity, if any. Any of these determinations made by RBCCM, in its capacity as calculation agent, including with respect to the occurrence or non-occurrence of market disruption events, may affect the payout to you at maturity.

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Significant aspects of the tax treatment of the Trigger PLUS are uncertain. The tax treatment of an investment in the Trigger PLUS is uncertain. We do not plan to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or from the Canada Revenue Agency regarding the tax treatment of an investment in the Trigger PLUS, and the Internal Revenue Service, the Canada Revenue Agency or a court may not agree with the tax treatment described in this document.

The Internal Revenue Service has issued a notice indicating that it and the U.S. Treasury Department are actively considering whether, among other issues, a holder should be required to accrue interest over the term of an instrument such as the Trigger PLUS even though that holder will not receive any payments with respect to the Trigger PLUS until maturity and whether all or part of the gain a holder may recognize upon sale, exchange or maturity of an instrument such as the Trigger PLUS should be treated as ordinary income. The outcome of this process is uncertain and could apply on a retroactive basis.

Please read carefully the sections entitled “Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences” and “Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in this document, the section entitled “Tax Consequences” in the accompanying prospectus and the section entitled “Certain Income Tax Consequences” in the accompanying prospectus supplement. You should consult your tax advisor about your own tax situation.

 

Additional Terms of the Trigger PLUS

Please read this information in conjunction with the summary terms on the front cover of this document.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apple Inc. Overview

Apple Inc. designs, manufactures, and markets personal computers and related personal computing and mobile communication devices along with a variety of related software, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. The company sells its products through its online stores, its retail stores, its direct sales force, third-party wholesalers, and resellers.

The underlying stock is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) by the underlying company under the Securities Exchange Act can be located by reference to the SEC CIK number 0000320193 through the website at.www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding the underlying company may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents. Neither the issuer nor the agent makes any representation that those publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding the underlying company is accurate or complete.

Information as of market close on May 15, 2018:

The table below sets forth the published high and low closing prices of this underlying stock for each quarter from January 1, 2013 through May 15, 2018. The graph below sets forth the daily closing prices of the underlying stock from January 1, 2013 through May 15, 2018. We obtained the information in the table and graph below from Bloomberg Financial Markets, without independent verification. The historical performance of the underlying stock should not be taken as an indication of its future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the price of the underlying stock at any time, including the valuation date.

Common Stock of Apple Inc. (CUSIP 037833100)

High ($)

Low($)

2013
First Quarter	78.43	60.01
Second Quarter	66.26	55.79
Third Quarter	72.53	58.46
Fourth Quarter	81.44	68.71
2014
First Quarter	79.62	71.35
Second Quarter	94.25	73.99
Third Quarter	103.30	93.08
Fourth Quarter	119.00	96.26
2015
First Quarter	133.00	105.99
Second Quarter	132.65	124.25
Third Quarter	132.07	103.12
Fourth Quarter	122.57	105.26
2016
First Quarter	109.56	93.42
Second Quarter	112.10	90.34
Third Quarter	115.57	94.99
Fourth Quarter	118.25	105.71
2017
First Quarter	144.12	116.02
Second Quarter	156.10	140.68
Third Quarter	164.05	142.73
Fourth Quarter	176.42	153.48
2018
First Quarter	181.72	155.15
Second Quarter (through May 15, 2018)	190.04	162.32

 

* The red solid line indicates the hypothetical trigger price, assuming an initial share price of $186.44, which was the closing price of the underlying stock on May 15, 2018.

This document relates only to the Trigger PLUS offered hereby and does not relate to the underlying stock or other securities of the underlying company. We have derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding the underlying stock from the publicly available documents described in the preceding paragraph. In connection with the offering of the Trigger PLUS, neither we nor the agent has participated in the preparation of those documents or made any due diligence inquiry with respect to the underlying company. Neither we nor the agent makes any representation that those publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding the underlying company is accurate or complete. Furthermore, we cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described in the preceding paragraph) that would affect the trading price of the underlying stock (and therefore the price of the underlying stock at the time we price the Trigger PLUS) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning the underlying company could affect the value received at maturity with respect to the Trigger PLUS and therefore the market value of the Trigger PLUS.

Neither the issuer nor any of its affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the underlying stock.

 

Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences

An investor should read carefully the description of material Canadian federal income tax considerations relevant to a Non-resident Holder owning debt securities under “Tax Consequences—Canadian Taxation” in the accompanying prospectus.

Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

The following, together with the discussion of U.S. federal income taxation in the accompanying prospectus and prospectus supplement, is a general description of the material U.S. tax considerations relating to the Trigger PLUS. It does not purport to be a complete analysis of all tax considerations relating to the Trigger PLUS. Prospective purchasers of the Trigger PLUS should consult their tax advisors as to the consequences under the tax laws of the country of which they are resident for tax purposes and the tax laws of Canada and the U.S. of acquiring, holding and disposing of the Trigger PLUS and receiving payments under the Trigger PLUS. This summary is based upon the law as in effect on the date of this document and is subject to any change in law that may take effect after such date.

Supplemental U.S. Tax Considerations

The following section supplements the discussion of U.S. federal income taxation in the accompanying prospectus and prospectus supplement. It applies only to those initial holders who are not excluded from the discussion of U.S. federal income taxation in the accompanying prospectus. It does not apply to holders subject to special rules including holders subject to Sections 451(b) of the Code.

NO STATUTORY, JUDICIAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY DIRECTLY DISCUSSES HOW THE TRIGGER PLUS SHOULD BE TREATED FOR U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX PURPOSES. AS A RESULT, THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF AN INVESTMENT IN THE TRIGGER PLUS ARE UNCERTAIN. BECAUSE OF THE UNCERTAINTY, YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR TAX ADVISOR IN DETERMINING THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE TRIGGER PLUS, INCLUDING THE APPLICATION OF STATE, LOCAL OR OTHER TAX LAWS AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FEDERAL OR OTHER TAX LAWS.

We will not attempt to ascertain whether the underlying company would be treated as a “passive foreign investment company” within the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code, or a “U.S. real property holding corporation” within the meaning of Section 897 of the Code. If the underlying company were so treated, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could possibly apply to U.S. and non-U.S. holders, respectively. You should refer to any available information filed with the SEC by the underlying company and consult your tax advisor regarding the possible consequences to you in this regard.

In the opinion of our counsel, Morrison & Foerster LLP, it would generally be reasonable to treat a Trigger PLUS as a pre-paid cash-settled derivative contract in respect of the underlying stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and the terms of the Trigger PLUS require a holder and us (in the absence of a change in law or an administrative or judicial ruling to the contrary) to treat the Trigger PLUS for all tax purposes in accordance with such characterization. If the Trigger PLUS are so treated, a U.S. holder should generally recognize capital gain or loss upon the sale, exchange or maturity of the Trigger PLUS in an amount equal to the difference between the amount a holder receives at such time and the holder’s tax basis in the Trigger PLUS. In general, a U.S. holder’s tax basis in the Trigger PLUS will be equal to the price the holder paid for the Trigger PLUS. Capital gain recognized by an individual U.S. holder is generally taxed at preferential rates where the property is held for more than one year and is generally taxed at ordinary income rates where the property is held for one year or less. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Alternative Treatments. Alternative tax treatments of the Trigger PLUS are also possible and the Internal Revenue Service might assert that a treatment other than that described above is more appropriate. For example, it is possible to treat the Trigger PLUS, and the Internal Revenue Service might assert that a Trigger PLUS should be treated, as a single debt instrument. Pursuant to such characterization, since the Trigger PLUS have a term that exceeds one year, such a debt instrument would be subject to the special tax rules governing contingent payment debt instruments. If the Trigger PLUS are

 

so treated, a holder would generally be required to accrue interest income over the term of the Trigger PLUS based upon the yield at which we would issue a non-contingent fixed-rate debt instrument with terms and conditions similar to the Trigger PLUS.  In addition, any gain a holder might recognize upon the sale, exchange or maturity of the Trigger PLUS would generally be ordinary income and any loss recognized by a holder at such time would generally be ordinary loss to the extent of interest that same holder included in income in the current or previous taxable years in respect of the Trigger PLUS, and thereafter, would be capital loss.

Because of the absence of authority regarding the appropriate tax characterization of the Trigger PLUS, it is also possible that the Internal Revenue Service could seek to characterize the Trigger PLUS in a manner that results in tax consequences that are different from those described above. For example, the Internal Revenue Service could possibly assert that any gain or loss that a holder may recognize upon the sale, exchange or maturity of the Trigger PLUS should be treated as ordinary gain or loss.

The Internal Revenue Service has released a notice that may affect the taxation of holders of the Trigger PLUS. According to the notice, the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department are actively considering whether the holder of an instrument such as the Trigger PLUS should be required to accrue ordinary income on a current basis. It is not possible to determine what guidance they will ultimately issue, if any. It is possible, however, that under such guidance, holders of the Trigger PLUS will ultimately be required to accrue income currently and this could be applied on a retroactive basis. The Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department are also considering other relevant issues, including whether additional gain or loss from such instruments should be treated as ordinary or capital and whether the special “constructive ownership rules” of Section 1260 of the Code, which very generally can operate to recharacterize certain long-term capital gains as ordinary income and impose an interest charge, might be applied to such instruments. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the significance, and the potential impact, of the above considerations. We intend to treat the Trigger PLUS for U.S. federal income tax purposes in accordance with the treatment described in this document unless and until such time as the U.S. Treasury Department and Internal Revenue Service determine that some other treatment is more appropriate.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting.

Payments made with respect to the Trigger PLUS and proceeds from the sale or exchange of the Trigger PLUS may be subject to a backup withholding tax unless, in general, the holder complies with certain procedures or is an exempt recipient. Any amounts so withheld generally will be refunded by the Internal Revenue Service or allowed as a credit against the holder's U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the holder makes a timely filing of an appropriate tax return or refund claim to the Internal Revenue Service.

Reports will be made to the Internal Revenue Service and to holders that are not exempted from the reporting requirements.

Non-U.S. Holders. The following discussion applies to non-U.S. holders of the Trigger PLUS. A non-U.S. holder is a beneficial owner of a Trigger PLUS that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a non-resident alien individual, a foreign corporation, or a foreign estate or trust.

Except as described below, a non-U.S. holder will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax for amounts paid in respect of the Trigger PLUS, provided that (i) the holder complies with any applicable certification requirements, (ii) the payment is not effectively connected with the conduct by the holder of a U.S. trade or business, and (iii) if the holder is a non-resident alien individual, such holder is not present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year of the sale, exchange or maturity of the Trigger PLUS. In the case of (ii) above, the holder generally would be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to any income or gain in the same manner as if the holder were a U.S. holder and, in the case of a holder that is a corporation, the holder may also be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% (or such lower rate provided by an applicable U.S. income tax treaty) of a portion of its earnings and profits for the taxable year that are effectively connected with its conduct of a U.S. trade or business, subject to certain adjustments. Payments made to a non-U.S. holder may be subject to information reporting and to backup withholding unless the holder complies with applicable certification and identification requirements as to its foreign status.

 

A “dividend equivalent” payment is treated as a dividend from sources within the U.S. and such payments generally would be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax if paid to a non-U.S. holder. Under U.S. Treasury Department regulations, certain payments (including deemed payments) that are contingent upon or determined by reference to actual or estimated U.S. source dividends, with respect to certain equity-linked instruments, whether explicitly stated or implicitly taken into account in computing one or more of the terms of such instruments, including the Trigger PLUS, may be treated as dividend equivalents. However, withholding on “dividend equivalent” payments, if any, will not apply to securities issued before January 1, 2017. If any payments are treated as dividend equivalents subject to withholding, we (or the applicable paying agent) would be entitled to withhold taxes without being required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld.

As discussed above, alternative characterizations of the Trigger PLUS for U.S. federal income tax purposes are possible. Should an alternative characterization, by reason of change or clarification of the law, by regulation or otherwise, cause payments as to the Trigger PLUS to become subject to withholding tax, we will withhold tax at the applicable statutory rate. The Internal Revenue Service has also indicated that it is considering whether income in respect of instruments such as the Trigger PLUS should be subject to withholding tax. We will not be required to pay any additional amounts in respect of such withholding. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors in this regard.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act. The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) imposes a 30% U.S. withholding tax on certain U.S. source payments, including interest (and OID), dividends, other fixed or determinable annual or periodical gain, profits, and income, and on the gross proceeds from a disposition of property (including payments at maturity or upon a redemption or sale) of a type which can produce U.S. source interest or dividends (“Withholdable Payments”), if paid to a foreign financial institution (including amounts paid to a foreign financial institution on behalf of a holder), unless such institution enters into an agreement with the U.S. Treasury Department to collect and provide to the U.S. Treasury Department certain information regarding U.S. financial account holders, including certain account holders that are foreign entities with U.S. owners, with such institution or otherwise complies with FATCA. In addition, the Trigger PLUS may constitute a “financial account” for these purposes and thus, be subject to information reporting requirements pursuant to FATCA. FATCA also generally imposes a withholding tax of 30% on Withholdable Payments made to a non-financial foreign entity unless that entity provides the withholding agent with a certification that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or a certification identifying the direct and indirect substantial U.S. owners of the entity.

The U.S. Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service have announced that withholding on payments of gross proceeds from a sale or redemption of the Trigger PLUS will only apply to payments made after December 31, 2018. If we determine withholding is appropriate with respect to the Trigger PLUS, we will withhold tax at the applicable statutory rate, and we will not pay additional amounts with respect to any FATCA withholding. Therefore, if such withholding applies, any payments on the Trigger PLUS will be significantly less than what you would have otherwise received. Depending on your circumstances, these amounts withheld may be creditable or refundable to you. Foreign financial institutions and non-financial foreign entities located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding the possible implications of FATCA on your investment in the Trigger PLUS.

 

Use of Proceeds and Hedging

The net proceeds from the sale of the Trigger PLUS will be used as described under “Use of Proceeds” in the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus and to hedge market risks of Royal Bank of Canada associated with its obligation to make the payment at maturity on the Trigger PLUS. The initial public offering price of the Trigger PLUS includes the underwriting discount and commission and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the Trigger PLUS.

Supplemental Information Regarding Plan of Distribution;

Conflicts of Interest

Pursuant to the terms of a distribution agreement, RBCCM, an affiliate of Royal Bank of Canada, will purchase the Trigger PLUS from Royal Bank of Canada for distribution to Morgan Stanley Wealth Management.  RBCCM will act as agent for the Trigger PLUS and will receive a fee of $0.25 per $10 stated principal amount and will pay to Morgan Stanley Wealth Management a fixed sales commission of $0.20 for each of the Trigger PLUS they sell. Of the amount per $10 stated principal amount received by RBCCM, RBCCM will pay Morgan Stanley Wealth Management a structuring fee of $0.05 for each Trigger PLUS.

Morgan Stanley Wealth Management may reclaim selling concessions allowed to individual brokers within Morgan Stanley Wealth Management in connection with the offering if, within 30 days of the offering, Royal Bank of Canada repurchases the Trigger PLUS distributed by such brokers.

We expect that delivery of the Trigger PLUS will be made against payment for the Trigger PLUS on or about June 5, 2018, which is the third business day following the pricing date (this settlement cycle being referred to as “T+3”).  Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Exchange Act, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in two business days, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade the Trigger PLUS more than two business days prior to the original issue date will be required to specify alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.

In addition, RBCCM or another of its affiliates or agents may use this document in market-making transactions after the initial sale of the Trigger PLUS, but is under no obligation to do so and may discontinue any market-making activities at any time without notice.

For additional information as to the relationship between us and RBCCM, please see the section “Plan of Distribution—Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying prospectus.

The value of the Trigger PLUS shown on your account statement may be based on RBCCM’s estimate of the value of the Trigger PLUS if RBCCM or another of our affiliates were to make a market in the Trigger PLUS (which it is not obligated to do). That estimate will be based on the price that RBCCM may pay for the Trigger PLUS in light of then prevailing market conditions, our creditworthiness and transaction costs. For an initial period of approximately 12 months, the value of the Trigger PLUS that may be shown on your account statement is expected to be higher than RBCCM’s estimated value of the Trigger PLUS at that time. This is because the estimated value of the Trigger PLUS will not include the agent’s commission and our hedging costs and profits; however, the value of the Trigger PLUS shown on your account statement during that period is initially expected to be a higher amount, reflecting the addition of the agent’s commission and our estimated costs and profits from hedging the Trigger PLUS. This excess is expected to decrease over time until the end of this period, and we reserve the right to shorten this period. After this period, if RBCCM repurchases your Trigger PLUS, it expects to do so at prices that reflect its estimated value.

No Prospectus (as defined in Directive 2003/71/EC (as amended, the “Prospectus Directive”)) will be prepared in connection with the Trigger PLUS. Accordingly, the Trigger PLUS may not be offered to the public in any member state of the European Economic Area (the “EEA”), and any purchaser of the Trigger PLUS who subsequently sells any of the Trigger PLUS in any EEA member state must do so only in accordance with the requirements of the Prospectus Directive,

 

as implemented in that member state.

The Trigger PLUS are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to, and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to, any retail investor in the EEA. For these purposes, the expression “offer" includes the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the Trigger PLUS to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the Trigger PLUS, and a “retail investor” means a person who is one (or more) of: (a) a retail client, as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU (as amended, “MiFID II”); or (b) a customer, within the meaning of Insurance Distribution Directive 2016/97/EU, as amended, where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or (c) not a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Directive. Consequently, no key information document required by Regulation (EU) No 1286/2014 (as amended, the “PRIIPs Regulation”) for offering or selling the Trigger PLUS or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the EEA has been prepared, and therefore, offering or selling the Trigger PLUS or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the EEA may be unlawful under the PRIIPs Regulation.

Structuring the Trigger PLUS

The Trigger PLUS are our debt securities, the return on which is linked to the performance of the underlying stock. As is the case for all of our debt securities, including our structured notes, the economic terms of the Trigger PLUS reflect our actual or perceived creditworthiness at the time of pricing. In addition, because structured notes result in increased operational, funding and liability management costs to us, we typically borrow the funds under these securities at a rate that is more favorable to us than the rate that we might pay for a conventional fixed or floating rate debt security of comparable maturity. Using this relatively lower implied borrowing rate, rather than the secondary market rate, along with the fees and expenses associated with structured notes, typically reduces the initial estimated value of the Trigger PLUS at the time their terms are set. Unlike the estimated value included in this document, any value of the Trigger PLUS determined for purposes of a secondary market transaction may be based on a different funding rate, which may result in a lower value for the Trigger PLUS than if our initial internal funding rate were used.

In order to satisfy our payment obligations under the Trigger PLUS, we may choose to enter into certain hedging arrangements (which may include call options, put options or other derivatives) on the issue date with RBCCM or one of our other subsidiaries. The terms of these hedging arrangements take into account a number of factors, including our creditworthiness, interest rate movements, the volatility of the underlying stock, and the tenor of the Trigger PLUS. The economic terms of the Trigger PLUS and their initial estimated value depend in part on the terms of these hedging arrangements.

The lower implied borrowing rate, the underwriting commission and the hedging-related costs relating to the Trigger PLUS reduce the economic terms of the Trigger PLUS to you and result in the initial estimated value for the Trigger PLUS on the pricing date being less than their public offering price. See “Risk Factors—The initial estimated value of the Trigger PLUS will be less than the price to the public” above.

 

Employee Retirement Income Security Act

This section is only relevant to you if you are an insurance company or the fiduciary of a pension plan or an employee benefit plan (including a governmental plan, an IRA or a Keogh Plan) proposing to invest in the Trigger PLUS.

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), imposes certain requirements on “employee benefit plans” (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA) subject to ERISA, including entities such as collective investment funds and separate accounts whose underlying assets include the assets of such plans (collectively, “ERISA Plans”) and on those persons who are fiduciaries with respect to ERISA Plans. Each fiduciary of an ERISA Plan should consider the fiduciary standards of ERISA in the context of the ERISA Plan’s particular circumstances before authorizing an investment in the Trigger PLUS. Accordingly, among other factors, the fiduciary should consider whether the investment would satisfy the prudence and diversification requirements of ERISA and would be consistent with the documents and instruments governing the ERISA Plan.

In addition, Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code prohibit certain transactions involving the assets of an ERISA Plan, as well as those plans that are not subject to ERISA but which are subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, such as individual retirement accounts, including entities whose underlying assets include the assets of such plans (together with ERISA Plans, “Plans”) and certain persons (referred to as “parties in interest” or “disqualified persons”) having certain relationships to such Plans, unless a statutory or administrative exemption is applicable to the transaction. Governmental plans may be subject to similar prohibitions. Therefore, a plan fiduciary considering purchasing Trigger PLUS should consider whether the purchase or holding of such instruments might constitute a “prohibited transaction.”

Royal Bank of Canada and certain of its affiliates each may be considered a “party in interest” or a “disqualified person” with respect to many employee benefit plans by reason of, for example, Royal Bank of Canada (or its affiliate) providing services to such plans. Prohibited transactions within the meaning of ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code may arise, for example, if Trigger PLUS are acquired by or with the assets of a Plan, and with respect to which Royal Bank of Canada or any of its affiliates is a ‘‘party in interest” or a “disqualified person”, unless those Trigger PLUS are acquired under an exemption for transactions effected on behalf of that Plan by a “qualified professional asset manager” or an “in-house asset manager”, for transactions involving insurance company general accounts, for transactions involving insurance company pooled separate accounts, for transactions involving bank collective investment funds, or under another available exemption. Section 408(b)(17) provides an additional exemption for the purchase and sale of securities and related lending transactions where neither the issuer of the securities nor any of its affiliates have or exercise any discretionary authority or control or render any investment advice with respect to the assets of any Plan involved in the transaction and the Plan pays no more than “adequate consideration” in connection with the transaction. The person making the decision on behalf of a Plan or a governmental plan shall be deemed, on behalf of itself and any such plan, by purchasing and holding the Trigger PLUS, or exercising any rights related thereto, to represent that (a) such purchase, holding and exercise of the Trigger PLUS will not result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code (or, with respect to a governmental plan, under any similar applicable law or regulation) and (b) neither Royal Bank of Canada nor any of its affiliates is a “fiduciary” (within the meaning of Section 3(21) of ERISA) with respect to the purchaser or holder in connection with such person’s acquisition, disposition or holding of the Trigger PLUS, or any exercise related thereto or as a result of any exercise by Royal Bank of Canada or any of its affiliates of any rights in connection with the Trigger PLUS, and no advice provided by Royal Bank of Canada or any of its affiliates has formed a primary basis for any investment decision by or on behalf of such purchaser or holder in connection with the Trigger PLUS and the transactions contemplated with respect to the Trigger PLUS.

If you are an insurance company or the fiduciary of a pension plan or an employee benefit plan, and propose to invest in the Trigger PLUS, you should consult your legal counsel.