e424b5
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-118956
Prospectus Supplement
(To Prospectus dated May 24, 2005)
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Golden Star Resources Ltd.
5,773,176 Common Shares |
This prospectus relates to the sale of up to 5,773,176 common shares of Golden Star Resources
Ltd. issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and warrants to purchase common shares at prices
ranging from Cdn$0.29 to Cdn$4.17 per share. The options and warrants were issued in connection
with our acquisition of St. Jude Resources Ltd. The options expire at various times through
September 21, 2009, and the warrants expire on November 20, 2008. If all options and warrants are
exercised, we would receive gross proceeds of approximately Cdn$18.8 million.
Our common shares are traded on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol GSS and on the
Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol GSC. On January 20, 2006, the closing price for our
common shares on the American Stock Exchange was $3.06 per share and the closing price on the
Toronto Stock Exchange was Cdn$3.50 per share. The common shares issuable on exercise of the
options and warrants have been listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the American Stock
Exchange.
Unless otherwise indicated, all references to $ or dollars in this prospectus supplement
refer to United States dollars. References to Cdn$ in this prospectus supplement refer to
Canadian dollars.
Investing in the common shares involves a high degree of risk. See Risk Factors beginning
on page S-5 of this prospectus supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission or other
regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities, or determined if this prospectus
supplement or the related prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary
is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus supplement is January 23, 2006.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Prospectus Supplement
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S-1 |
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S-4 |
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S-5 |
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S-18 |
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S-20 |
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S-22 |
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S-22 |
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S-23 |
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S-23 |
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S-23 |
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S-24 |
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S-25 |
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S-25 |
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Page |
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Prospectus
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION |
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE |
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES |
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STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION |
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OUR BUSINESS |
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RISK FACTORS |
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USE OF PROCEEDS |
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION |
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DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES |
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DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES |
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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS |
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DESCRIPTION OF CONVERTIBLE DEBT SECURITIES |
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RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES |
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LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION |
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LEGAL MATTERS |
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EXPERTS |
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You should rely only on information contained in or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that
contained or incorporated in this prospectus. Information on any websites maintained by us does
not constitute a part of this prospectus supplement.
We are not making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offering is not
permitted.
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus supplement and the related prospectus have been filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, which we refer to as the SEC, pursuant to a registration statement on Form
S-3, which we refer to as the registration statement.
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles (GAAP) in Canada, which we refer to as Canadian GAAP. We provide certain information
reconciling our financial information with GAAP in the United States, which we refer to as U.S.
GAAP.
EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION
The noon rate of exchange on January 20, 2006 as reported by the Bank of Canada for the
conversion of Canadian dollars was Cdn$1.00 equals $0.8670 and the conversion of United States
dollars was $1.00 equals Cdn$1.1534. We use these exchange rates for certain calculations
appearing in this prospectus.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
In this prospectus, or in the documents incorporated herein by reference, we use the terms
total cash cost per ounce and cash operating cost per ounce. Total cash cost per ounce and
cash operating cost per ounce should be considered as Non-GAAP Financial Measures as defined in
Regulation S-K Item 10 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act),
and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared
in accordance with GAAP in Canada and the United States. There are material limitations associated
with the use of such non-GAAP measures. Since these measures do not incorporate revenues, changes
in working capital and non-operating cash costs, they are not necessarily indicative of operating
profit or cash flow from operations as determined under GAAP. Changes in numerous factors
including, but not limited to, mining rates, milling rates, gold grade, gold recovery, and the
costs of labor, consumables and mine site general and administrative activities can cause these
measures to increase or decrease. We believe that these measures are the same or similar to the
measures of other gold mining companies, but may not be comparable to similarly titled measures in
every instance. See Item 7 Managements Discussion and Analysis in our Annual Report on Form
10-K, as amended on Form 10-K/A, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 and Item 2
Managements Discussion and Analysis in our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 2005 for an explanation of these measures.
SUMMARY
You should read the following summary and the more detailed information about us and the
common shares provided elsewhere in this prospectus supplement and in documents incorporated by
reference, including the Risk Factors sections and our consolidated financial statements and
notes. References to we, our and us mean Golden Star Resources Ltd., its predecessors and
consolidated subsidiaries, or any one or more of them, as the context requires.
Our Business
We are an international gold mining and exploration company, focused primarily on mining, mine
development and exploration in Ghana, West Africa. Our principal assets are controlling interests
in four properties in Ghana, West Africa: the Bogoso/ Prestea property which consists of the
adjoining Bogoso and Prestea mining leases, the Wassa property, the St. Jude properties and the
Prestea Underground property. We operate the Bogoso/ Prestea mine, with ore mined at the Prestea
property being processed at the Bogoso processing plant. In 2004, we produced 147,875 ounces of
gold from Bogoso/ Prestea, at an average cash operating cost of approximately $250 per ounce,
which we sold for an average gold price of approximately $410 per ounce. We completed a newly
constructed ore processing plant and open pit mine at Wassa and placed it into service on April 1,
2005. The St. Jude properties, which were acquired in December 2005 as a result of our acquisition
of St. Jude Resources Ltd., primarily consist of two undeveloped areas of gold mineralization
located near Wassa. The Prestea Underground consists of a currently inactive underground gold mine
and associated support facilities.
We have an approximate 53% interest in EURO Ressources S.A. (formerly known as Guyanor
Ressources S.A.) which owns a royalty interest in Cambior Inc.s Rosebel gold mine in Suriname. We
hold interests in an exploration joint venture in Sierra Leone, West Africa and hold active
exploration properties in Ghana, Côte dIvoire, Suriname and French Guiana. We hold indirect
interests in gold exploration properties in Peru and Chile through our 22% interest in Goldmin
Consolidated Holdings, and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo through our approximate 10%
interest in Moto Goldmines Limited.
Please see The Company in this prospectus supplement for further information about our
operations and Recent Developments in this prospectus supplement for further information on the
acquisition of St. Jude Resources Ltd.
Our principal executive offices are located at 10901 West Toller Drive, Suite 300, Littleton,
Colorado 80127-6312, and our telephone number is (303) 830-9000. Our registered and records office
is located at 66 Wellington St. W., Suite 3700, P.O. Box 20, Toronto Dominion Bank Tower, Toronto
Dominion Centre, Toronto, Ontario M5K 1N6.
Acquisition of St. Jude Resources Ltd.
On November 11, 2005, we entered into a definitive arrangement agreement (the Arrangement
Agreement) with St. Jude Resources Ltd., which we refer to as St. Jude, which provided for the
acquisition of the outstanding securities of St. Jude by us pursuant to a plan of arrangement (the
Arrangement) to be effected pursuant to the Canada Business Corporations Act. The arrangement
was completed and became effective on December 21, 2005, resulting in St. Jude becoming a wholly
owned subsidiary of Golden Star. The transaction and St. Jude are described in more detail below
under Acquisition of St. Jude.
S-1
Growth Strategy
Since 1999, our business and development strategy has been focused primarily on the
acquisition of producing and development stage gold properties in Ghana and on the exploration,
development and operation of these properties. We also explore for gold. Since 1999, our
exploration efforts have been focused on Ghana, other West African countries and South America. We
are currently carrying out construction of a sulfide processing plant to expand production at
Bogoso/ Prestea. Our ore processing plant and open pit mine at Wassa were completed and placed in
service on April 1, 2005. If the expansion and development plans at Bogoso/ Prestea are completed
as expected during 2006 and assuming a full year of production from the sulfide plant in 2007, our
annualized production is expected to increase to over 500,000 ounces of gold in 2007. Achievement
of this target is subject to numerous risks. Please see Risk Factors in this prospectus
supplement for further information about these risks.
Our overall objective is to grow our business organically and through acquisitions. As part
of the effort to achieve this goal, we actively investigate potential acquisition and merger
candidates. These efforts resulted in our acquisition of St. Jude.
S-2
THE OFFERING
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Securities offered
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This prospectus relates to the sale
of up to 5,773,176 common shares
upon exercise of outstanding
options and warrants at prices
ranging from Cdn$0.29 to Cdn$2.50
per share for options and at a
price of Cdn$4.17 per share for the
warrants. The options and warrants
were issued in connection with our
acquisition of St. Jude. The
options expire at various times
through September 21, 2009 and the
warrants expire on November 20,
2008. |
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Common shares outstanding after this
offering (assuming all options and
warrants are exercised)
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211,727,758 common shares. |
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Risk factors
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An investment in the common shares
involves a high degree of risk.
You should not consider this offer
if you cannot afford to lose your
entire investment. Please refer to
Risk Factors beginning on page
S-5 of this prospectus supplement
for factors you should consider. |
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Use of proceeds
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Holders of the options and warrants
are not obligated to exercise any
of the options or warrants. If all
options and warrants are exercised,
we would receive gross proceeds of
approximately Cdn$18.8 million or $16.3 million. We
expect that the proceeds will be
used for general corporate
purposes, possibly including
acquisitions. |
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Trading symbols and listing
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Our common shares are traded on the
American Stock Exchange (AMEX)
under the symbol GSS and on the
Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX)
under the symbol GSC. The shares
issuable on exercise of the options
and warrants have been listed on
the Toronto Stock Exchange and the
American Stock Exchange. |
The number of shares outstanding after this offering is based on 205,954,582 common shares
outstanding as of January 19, 2006 and assumes that no other changes occur. The number of shares
outstanding excludes (i) common shares issuable upon exercise of currently outstanding warrants to
purchase up to 8,448,334 common shares at a weighted average purchase price of Cdn$4.60 per share;
(ii) common shares issuable upon exercise of currently outstanding options to purchase up to
4,892,451 common shares at prices from Cdn$1.02 to Cdn$9.07 per share under our stock option plans;
(iii) 11,111,111 common shares issuable upon conversion of our senior convertible notes issued in
April 2005; and (iv) an additional approximately 6,709,900 common shares available for issuance
under our stock option plans.
S-3
STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This prospectus supplement and the related prospectus and the documents incorporated by
reference in this prospectus supplement contain forward-looking statements, within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, with
respect to our financial condition, results of operations, business, prospects, plans, objectives,
goals, strategies, future events, capital expenditures, and exploration and development efforts.
Words such as anticipates, expects, intends, forecasts, plans, believes, seeks,
estimates, may, will, and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Although
we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in these forward-looking
statements are reasonable, we cannot be certain that these plans, intentions or expectations will
be achieved. Actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those
contemplated, expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by
reference in this prospectus supplement. These statements include comments regarding: the
anticipated use of proceeds from this offering, the anticipated benefits of the acquisition of St.
Jude, our expansion plans for Bogoso/Prestea and related permitting and capital costs, intended
evaluation and exploration activities with respect to the St. Jude properties, anticipated
completion of the Bogoso/Prestea expansion project, production estimates and costs, anticipated
commencement dates of mining or production operations, our future gold and currency hedging plans,
operating efficiencies, and costs and expenditures, potential mine life, costs, expenditures,
exploration activities and expenditures, and equipment replacement.
The following, in addition to the factors described under Risk Factors in this prospectus
supplement, are among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the
forward-looking statements:
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failure to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition of St. Jude; |
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failure to develop reserves on the St. Jude properties; |
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unexpected events during the construction and start-up of the Bogoso/Prestea
expansion project; |
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unexpected changes in business and economic conditions; |
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significant increases or decreases in gold prices; |
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changes in interest and currency exchange rates; |
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timing and amount of gold production; |
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unanticipated variations in ore grade, tonnes mined and crushed or milled; |
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unanticipated recovery or production problems; |
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effects of illegal mining on our properties; |
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changes in mining and processing costs including changes to costs of raw materials,
supplies, services and personnel; |
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changes in metallurgy and processing; |
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availability of skilled personnel, materials, equipment, supplies and water; |
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changes in project parameters; |
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costs and timing of development of new reserves; |
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results of current and future exploration activities; |
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results of pending and future feasibility studies; |
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joint venture relationships; |
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political or economic instability, either globally or in the countries in which we operate; |
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local and community impacts and issues; |
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timing of receipt and maintenance of government approvals and permits; |
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accidents and labor disputes; |
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environmental costs and risks; |
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competitive factors, including competition for property acquisitions; and |
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availability of capital at reasonable rates or at all. |
These factors are not intended to represent a complete list of the general or specific factors
that could affect us. We may note additional factors elsewhere in this prospectus supplement, the
related prospectus and in any documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement
and the related prospectus. Subject to the requirements of applicable laws, we undertake no
obligation to update forward-looking statements.
S-4
RISK FACTORS
An investment in the common shares involves a high degree of risk. You should consider
carefully the following discussion of risks, in addition to the other information included or
incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement before purchasing any of the common shares.
In addition to historical information, the information in this prospectus supplement and the
related prospectus contains forward-looking statements about our future business and performance.
See Forward-Looking Statements. Our actual operating results and financial performance may be
very different from what we expect as of the date of this prospectus supplement. The risks below
address the material factors that may affect our future operating results and financial
performance.
Financial Risks
A substantial or prolonged decline in gold prices would have a material adverse effect on us.
The price of our common shares, our financial results and our exploration, development and
mining activities have previously been, and would in the future be, significantly adversely
affected by a substantial or prolonged decline in the price of gold. The price of gold is volatile
and is affected by numerous factors beyond our control such as the sale or purchase of gold by
various central banks and financial institutions, inflation or deflation, fluctuation in the value
of the United States dollar and foreign currencies, global and regional demand, and the political
and economic conditions of major gold-producing countries throughout the world. Any drop in the
price of gold adversely impacts our revenues, profits and cash flows. In particular, a sustained
low gold price could:
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cause suspension of our mining operations at Bogoso-Prestea and Wassa if such
operations become uneconomic at the then-prevailing gold price, thus further reducing
revenues; |
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cause us to be unable to fulfill our obligations under agreements with our partners
or under our permits and licenses which could cause us to lose our interests in, or be
forced to sell, some of our properties; |
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cause us to be unable to fulfill our debt payment obligations; |
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halt or delay the development of new projects; |
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reduce funds available for exploration, with the result that depleted reserves are
not replaced; and |
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reduce or eliminate the benefit of enhanced growth opportunities anticipated from
the St. Jude acquisition. |
Furthermore, the need to reassess the feasibility of any of our projects because of declining
gold prices could cause substantial delays or might interrupt operations until the reassessment can
be completed. Mineral reserve calculations and life-of-mine plans using significantly lower gold
prices could result in reduced estimates of mineral reserves and non-reserve mineral resources and
in material write-downs of our investment in mining properties and increased amortization,
reclamation and closure charges.
We may incur substantial losses in the future that could make financing our operations and business
strategy more difficult.
We had a net loss of $8.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and annual
earnings of $2.6 million, $22.0 million and $4.9 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. We
reported net losses of $20.6 million in 2001 and $14.9 million in 2000. Numerous factors,
including declining gold prices, lower than expected ore grades or higher than expected operating
costs (including increased commodity prices), and impairment write-offs of mine property and/or
exploration property
S-5
costs, could cause us to be unprofitable in the future. The acquisition of St. Jude, which
has no operating properties, may result in increased future losses. Any future operating losses
could make financing our operations and our business strategy, including pursuit of the growth
opportunities anticipated as a result of our acquisition of St. Jude, or raising additional
capital, difficult or impossible and could materially and adversely affect our operating results
and financial condition.
Our obligations could strain our financial position and impede our business strategy.
We have total consolidated debt and liabilities as of September 30, 2005 of $105.0 million,
including $12.2 million payable to financial institutions, $50 million in senior convertible notes
maturing on April 15, 2009, $32.3 million of current trade payables, accrued current and other
liabilities and a $10.5 million accrual for environmental rehabilitation liabilities. For
additional information on our environmental rehabilitation liabilities, see note 13 to our
consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, for our
most recently completed fiscal year and the subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for our most
recently completed fiscal quarter. We expect that our indebtedness and other liabilities will
increase as a result of our corporate development activities. These liabilities could have
important consequences, including the following:
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increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; |
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limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital,
capital expenditures, operating and exploration costs and other general corporate
requirements; |
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requiring us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to
make debt service payments, which would reduce our ability to fund working capital,
capital expenditures, operating and exploration costs and other general corporate
requirements; |
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limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business
and the industry; and |
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placing us at a disadvantage when compared to our competitors that have less debt
relative to their market capitalization. |
Our estimates of mineral reserves and non-reserves could be inaccurate, which could cause
production and costs to differ from estimates.
There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating proven and probable mineral reserves
and non-reserve measured, indicated and inferred mineral resources, including many factors beyond
our control. The accuracy of estimates of mineral reserves and non-reserves is a function of the
quantity and quality of available data and of the assumptions made and judgments used in
engineering and geological interpretation, which could prove to be unreliable. These estimates of
mineral reserves and non-reserves may not be accurate, and mineral reserves and non-reserves may
not be able to be mined or processed profitably. For example, we plan to evaluate the non-reserve
resources at our St. Jude properties pursuant to our methodologies, analytical techniques and
quality assurance and quality control procedures. We expect to report lower amounts of non-reserve
resources than St. Jude reported pre-acquisition as a result of this analysis.
Fluctuation in gold prices, results of drilling, metallurgical testing and production and the
evaluation of mine plans subsequent to the date of any estimate could require revision of the
estimate. The volume and grade of mineral reserves mined and processed and recovery rates might
not be the same as currently anticipated. Any material reductions in estimates of our mineral
reserves and non-reserves, or of our ability to extract these mineral reserves and non-reserves,
could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
S-6
We currently have only two major sources of operational cash flows, which will likely be
insufficient to fund our continuing exploration and development activities.
While we have received significant infusions of cash from sales of equity and debt, our only
current significant internal sources of funds are operational cash flows from Bogoso/ Prestea and
Wassa. The newly constructed Wassa processing plant and open pit mine were completed and placed in
service on April 1, 2005 and currently process through the mill a mixture of ore from the open pit
and materials from the prior owners heap leach pads. Production at Wassa was 45,063 ounces in the
second and third quarters of 2005 and is expected to average approximately 140,000 ounces per year
after 2005. However, Wassas production goal may not be achieved. The anticipated continuing
exploration and development of our properties will require significant expenditures over the next
several years, which we expect to increase with the acquisition of St. Jude. We expect that these
expenditures will exceed free cash flows generated by Bogoso/ Prestea and Wassa during that period,
and therefore we expect in the future to require additional external debt or equity financing.
Lower gold prices during the five years prior to 2002 adversely affected our ability to obtain
financing, and recurring lower gold prices could have similar effects in the future. In the
future, we may not be able to obtain adequate financing on acceptable terms. If we are unable to
obtain additional financing on acceptable terms, we might need to delay or indefinitely postpone
further exploration and development of our properties, and as a result, we could lose our interest
in, or could be forced to sell, some of our properties.
Implementation of a gold hedging program might be unsuccessful and incur losses.
EURO Ressources S.A., our 53% owned subsidiary, has entered into a cash-settled forward sales
agreement with its lender designed to reduce in part the impact of gold price fluctuations on
expected future Rosebel royalty revenues it receives from Cambior Inc., as required by its loan
agreement. While there is a risk of loss if the derivative positions were to be liquidated early
and during a period of unfavorable gold prices, loan covenants prohibit liquidation of the position
prior to the end of the loan repayment.
We have purchased and may continue to purchase put options (puts) and call options (calls)
from time to time during the construction phase of the new processing plant at Bogoso in Ghana.
Puts give us the right but not the obligation to sell gold in the future at a fixed price. While
puts do not limit the upside potential of higher gold prices, early liquidation of puts during a
period of unfavorable gold prices could result in a loss. Calls are contractual commitments which
require us to sell gold at a fixed price on specified future dates. If the spot market gold price
exceeds the call option price on the specified sale date we would receive the call price rather
than the higher spot market price for the gold ounces covered by the call option. Current call
options are set at $525 per ounce. There will be no cost to us unless the spot market price of
gold exceeds this level on the call options specified sales dates. Of our 2006 production,
approximately 16% is subject to calls at $525 per ounce, and approximately 40% is protected by puts
at a floor price of $406 per ounce.
We continue to review whether or not, in light of the potential for gold prices to fall, it
would be appropriate to establish a more general hedging program. To date, we have decided not to
implement a more general hedging program on gold production from our own properties.
We are subject to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could materially adversely affect
our financial position.
Our revenues are in United States dollars, and we maintain most of our working capital in
United States dollars or United States dollar-denominated securities. We typically convert our
United States funds to foreign currencies as payment obligations become due. Accordingly, we are
subject to fluctuations in the rates of currency exchange between the United States dollar and
these foreign
S-7
currencies, and these fluctuations could materially affect our financial position and results
of operations. A significant portion of the operating costs at Bogoso/ Prestea and Wassa is based
on the Ghanaian currency, the Cedi. We are required to convert into Cedis only 20% of the foreign
exchange proceeds that we receive from selling gold, but the Government of Ghana could require us
to convert a higher percentage of gold sales proceeds into Cedis in the future. In addition, we
currently have future obligations that are payable in South African Rand and Euros, and receivables
collectible in Euros. We obtain construction and other services and materials and supplies from
providers in South Africa and other countries. The costs of goods and services could increase due
to changes in the value of the United States dollar or the Cedi, Euros, the South African Rand or
other currencies, such as the recent decrease in the value of the United States dollar relative to
other currencies. In addition, these changes may increase the salary costs of expatriate employees
who are currently paid in United States dollars. Consequently, operation and development of our
properties might be more costly than we anticipate.
We have purchased and expect to continue to purchase additional South African Rand and Euro
forward contracts in the near future to hedge the expected purchase of capital assets in South
Africa in connection with the Bogoso sulfide expansion project. We may engage in additional
currency hedges in the future in connection with other projects. Implementation of a currency
hedging program may not adequately protect us from the effects of fluctuation in currency exchange
rates.
Risks inherent in acquisitions that we might undertake could adversely affect our current business
and financial condition and our growth.
We plan to continue to pursue the acquisition of producing, development and advanced stage
exploration properties and companies, have recently completed the acquisition and joint venture of
exploration and development properties in Ghana and Sierra Leone and the acquisition of St. Jude on
December 21, 2005. The search for attractive acquisition opportunities and the completion of
suitable transactions are time consuming and expensive, divert management attention from our
existing business and may be unsuccessful. Our success in our acquisition activities depends on
our ability to complete acquisitions on acceptable terms and integrate the acquired operations
successfully with those of Golden Star. Any acquisition would be accompanied by risks. For
example, there may be a significant change in commodity prices after we have committed to complete
a transaction and established the purchase price or exchange ratio, a material orebody may prove to
be below expectations or the acquired business or assets may have unknown liabilities which may be
significant. We may lose the services of our key employees or the key employees of any business we
acquire or have difficulty integrating operations and personnel. The integration of an acquired
business or assets may disrupt our ongoing business and our relationships with employees, suppliers
and contractors. Any one or more of these factors or other risks could cause us not to realize the
anticipated benefits of an acquisition of properties or companies, and could have a material
adverse effect on our current business and financial condition and on our ability to grow.
We are subject to litigation risks.
All industries, including the mining industry, are subject to legal claims, with and without
merit. We are involved in various routine legal proceedings, which include labor matters such as
unfair termination claims, supplier matters and property issues incidental to our business, and we
are involved in a dispute with respect to a portion of our interest in the Prestea Underground. An internal dispute among shareholders of a company that previously held an interest in the
Hwini-Butre concession may affect St. Judes rights to a portion of the Hwini-Butre concession. Defense and settlement costs can be substantial, even with respect to claims that have no merit.
Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, the resolution of any particular legal
proceeding could have a material effect on our financial position and results of operations.
S-8
Operational Risks
The technology, capital costs and cost of production of refractory mineral reserves and
non-reserves at Bogoso/Prestea remain subject to a number of uncertainties, including funding
uncertainties.
Based upon the completion of our Bogoso sulfide project feasibility study in 2001, the
refractory material at Bogoso/Prestea, which is ore that cannot be satisfactorily processed by
basic gravity concentration or simple cyanidation, has been included in our proven and probable
mineral reserves, which are prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 of the Canadian
securities regulators. While the sulfide project feasibility study indicated that refractory
mineral reserves can be profitably mined and processed at current gold prices, the capital cost to
upgrade the Bogoso processing plant with a bio-oxidation or BIOX circuit to process refractory ore,
together with related mining equipment and facilities, is significant, and $20.3 million has been
spent on the project through September 30, 2005. While the processing technology envisioned in the
feasibility study has been successfully utilized at other mines, and despite our testing,
engineering and analysis, the technology may not perform successfully at commercial production
levels on the Bogoso/Prestea refractory sulfide ores, in which case our production estimates may
not be achieved.
The integration of Golden Star and St. Jude may not occur as planned.
We must begin the process of integrating the operations of Golden Star and St. Jude. The
acquisition of St. Jude was proposed with the expectation that its successful completion would over
time result in enhanced growth opportunities and the synergies resulting from the combination of
increased earnings and reduced costs. These anticipated benefits would depend in part on whether
the operations of Golden Star and St. Jude can be integrated in an efficient and effective manner
and whether the St. Jude properties can be developed. If this does not occur, the benefits we
receive from the acquisition will be significantly less than anticipated. Most operational and
certain staffing decisions with respect to the combined company have not yet been made. These
decisions and the integration of the two companies will present challenges to management, including
the integration of systems and personnel of the two companies, and special risks, including
possible unanticipated liabilities and costs.
We are subject to a number of operational hazards that can delay production or result in liability to it.
Our activities are subject to a number of risks and hazards including:
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environmental hazards; |
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discharge of pollutants or hazardous chemicals; |
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industrial accidents; |
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labor disputes and shortages; |
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supply and shipping problems and delays; |
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shortage of equipment and contractor availability; |
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difficulty in applying technology such as bio-oxidation processing; |
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unusual or unexpected geological or operating conditions; |
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slope failures; |
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cave-ins of underground workings; |
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failure of pit walls or dams; |
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fire; |
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changes in the regulatory environment; and |
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natural phenomena such as inclement weather conditions, floods and earthquakes. |
S-9
These or other occurrences could result in damage to, or destruction of, mineral properties or
production facilities, personal injury or death, environmental damage, delays in mining, delayed
production, monetary losses and possible legal liability. We could incur liabilities as a result
of pollution and other casualties. Satisfying such liabilities could be very costly and could have
a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
Our mining operations are subject to numerous environmental laws, regulations and permitting
requirements that can delay production and adversely affect operating and development costs.
Compliance with existing regulations governing the discharge of materials into the
environment, or otherwise relating to environmental protection, in the jurisdictions where we have
projects may have a material adverse effect on our exploration activities, results of operations
and competitive position. New or expanded regulations, if adopted, could affect the exploration or
development of our projects or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our operations.
A significant portion of our Dunkwa property and portions of our Wassa property, as well as
some of our exploration properties in Ghana, are located within forest reserve areas. Although
Dunkwa and Wassa have been identified by the Government of Ghana as eligible for mining permits
subject to normal procedures and a site inspection, permits for projects in forest reserve areas
may not be issued in a timely fashion, or at all, and such permits may contain special requirements
with which it is burdensome or expensive to comply.
Mining and processing gold from the south end of the Prestea property, the new tailings dam at
Bogoso and other activities will require mining and other permits from the Government of Ghana.
These permits may not be issued on a timely basis or at all, and such permits, when issued, may be
subject to requirements or conditions with which it is burdensome or expensive to comply. Such
permitting issues could adversely affect our projected production commencement dates, production
amounts and costs.
Due to an increased level of non-governmental organization activity targeting the mining
industry in Ghana, the potential for the Government of Ghana to delay the issuance of permits or
impose new requirements or conditions upon mining operations in Ghana may be increased. Any
changes in the Government of Ghanas policies may be costly to comply with and may delay mining
operations. The exact nature of other environmental control problems, if any, which we may
encounter in the future cannot be predicted, primarily because of the changing character of
environmental requirements that may be enacted within various jurisdictions. To the extent that we
are subject to any such changes, they may have a material adverse effect on our operations in
Ghana.
As a result of the foregoing risks, project expenditures, production quantities and rates and
cash operating costs, among other things, could be materially and adversely affected and could
differ materially from anticipated expenditures, production quantities and rates, and costs. In
addition, estimated production dates could be delayed materially. Any such events could materially
and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The development and operation of our mining projects involve numerous uncertainties that could
affect the feasibility or profitability of such projects.
Mine development projects, including our recent development at Wassa and expansion at
Bogoso/Prestea, and the potential development of the St. Judes properties if reserves are
established, typically require a number of years and significant expenditures during the
development phase before production is possible.
S-10
Development projects are subject to the completion of successful feasibility studies and
environmental assessments, issuance of necessary governmental permits and receipt of adequate
financing. The economic feasibility of development projects is based on many factors such as:
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estimation of mineral reserves and mineral resources; |
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anticipated metallurgical recovery rates; |
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environmental considerations and permitting; |
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future gold prices; and |
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anticipated capital and operating costs. |
Our mine development projects could have limited relevant operating history upon which to base
estimates of future operating costs and capital requirements. Estimates of proven and probable
mineral reserves and operating costs determined in feasibility studies are based on geologic and
engineering analyses and might not prove to be accurate.
The management of mine development projects and start up of new operations are complex, and we
do not have a history of simultaneously managing an ongoing operation, the start-up of a new
operation and a significant development project. Completion of development and the commencement of
production may be subject to delays, as occurred at Wassa. Any of the following events, among
others, could affect the profitability or economic feasibility of a project:
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unanticipated changes in grade and tonnage of ore to be mined and processed; |
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unanticipated adverse geotechnical conditions; |
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incorrect data on which engineering assumptions are made; |
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costs of constructing and operating a mine in a specific environment; |
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availability and cost of processing and refining facilities; |
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availability of economic sources of power; |
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adequacy of water supply; |
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adequate access to the site including competing land uses (such as agriculture and
illegal mining); |
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unanticipated transportation costs; |
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significant increases in the cost of diesel fuel, cyanide or other major components
of operating costs; |
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government regulations (including regulations relating to prices, royalties, duties,
taxes, permitting, restrictions on production, quotas on exportation of minerals, as
well as the costs of protection of the environment and agricultural lands); |
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fluctuations in gold prices; and |
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accidents, labor actions and force majeure events. |
Adverse effects on the operations or further development of a project could also adversely
affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow. Because of these
uncertainties, and others identified in these Risk Factors, our production estimates at
Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa may not be achieved.
We need to continually obtain additional mineral reserves for gold production and a failure to do
so would adversely affect our business and financial position in the future.
Because mines have limited lives based on proven and probable mineral reserves, we must
continually replace and expand our mineral reserves as our mines produce gold. At current average
production rates, we estimate that Bogoso/Prestea has over ten years of mine life and Wassa has
approximately five years of mine life, but our estimates might not be correct and the mine
life would be shortened if we expand production. Our ability to maintain or increase our annual
production of gold will be dependent in significant part on our ability to bring new mines into
production and to expand or extend the life of existing mines.
S-11
Gold exploration is highly speculative, involves substantial expenditures, and is frequently
non-productive.
Gold exploration, including the exploration of the Prestea Underground and the St. Jude
properties and other projects, involves a high degree of risk and exploration projects are
frequently unsuccessful. Few prospects that are explored end up being ultimately developed into
producing mines. To the extent that we continue to be involved in gold exploration, the long-term
success of our operations will be related to the cost and success of our exploration programs. We
cannot assure you that our gold exploration efforts will be successful. The success of gold
exploration is determined in part on the following factors:
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the identification of potential gold mineralization based on superficial analysis; |
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availability of prospective land; |
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availability of government-granted exploration permits; |
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the quality of our management and our geological and technical expertise; and |
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the capital available for exploration and development. |
Substantial expenditures are required to determine if a project has economically mineable
mineralization. It could take several years to establish proven and probable mineral reserves and
to develop and construct mining and processing facilities. As a result of these uncertainties, we
cannot assure you that current and future exploration programs will result in the discovery of
mineral reserves, the expansion of our existing mineral reserves and the development of mines.
We face competition from other mining companies in connection with the acquisition of properties.
We face strong competition from other mining companies in connection with the acquisition of
properties producing, or capable of producing, precious metals. Many of these companies have
greater financial resources, operational experience and technical capabilities. As a result of
this competition, we might be unable to maintain or acquire attractive mining properties on terms
we consider acceptable or at all. Consequently, our revenues, operations and financial condition
could be materially adversely affected.
Title to our mineral properties could be challenged.
We seek to confirm the validity of our rights to title to, or contract rights with respect to,
each mineral property in which we have a material interest. We have mining leases with respect to
our Bogoso/Prestea, Wassa and Prestea Underground properties. However, we cannot guarantee that
title to our properties will not be challenged. An internal dispute among the shareholders of a
company that previously held an interest in the Hwini-Butre concession may affect St. Judes rights
to a portion of the Hwini-Butre concession. Title insurance generally is not available, and our
ability to ensure that we have obtained a secure claim to individual mineral properties or mining
concessions could be severely constrained. We generally do not conduct surveys of our properties
until they have reached the development stage, and therefore, the precise area and location of such
properties could be in doubt. Accordingly, our mineral properties could be subject to prior
unregistered agreements, transfers or claims, and title could be affected by, among other things,
undetected defects. In addition, we might be unable to operate our properties as permitted or to
enforce our rights with respect to our properties.
S-12
We depend on the services of key executives.
We are dependent on the services of key executives including our President and Chief Executive
Officer and a small number of highly skilled and experienced executives and personnel. Due to the
relatively small size of our management team, the loss of these persons or our inability to attract
and retain additional highly skilled employees could adversely affect the exploration and
development of our properties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and
future operations. We have obtained key person insurance only with respect to our President and
Chief Executive Officer.
The period of weak gold prices prior to 2002 resulted in the depletion in the number of
trained and experienced professionals and managers in our industry. Higher gold prices have
resulted in an increased demand for these people, and it could therefore be more difficult to
attract or retain such experienced professionals and managers without significantly increasing the
cost to us.
Our insurance coverage could be insufficient.
Our business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including:
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adverse environmental conditions; |
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industrial accidents; |
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labor disputes; |
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unusual or unexpected geological conditions; |
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ground or slope failures; |
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cave-ins; |
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changes in the regulatory environment; |
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natural phenomena such as inclement weather conditions, floods and earthquakes; and |
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political risks including expropriation and civil war. |
Such occurrences could result in:
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damage to mineral properties or production facilities; |
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personal injury or death; |
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loss of legitimate title to properties; |
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environmental damage to our properties or the properties of others; |
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delays in mining; |
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monetary losses; and |
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possible legal liability. |
Although we maintain insurance in amounts that we believe to be reasonable, our insurance
might not cover all the potential risks associated with our business. We might also be unable to
maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance coverage
might not continue to be available or might not be adequate to cover any resulting liability.
Moreover, insurance against risks such as environmental pollution or other hazards as a result of
exploration and production is not generally available to us or to other companies in the mining
industry on acceptable terms. We might also become subject to liability for pollution or other
hazards which we cannot insure against or which we might elect not to insure against because of
premium costs or other reasons. Losses from these events might cause us to incur significant costs
that could have a material adverse effect upon our financial performance and results of operations.
In addition, as of the completion of the Arrangement with St. Jude, our insurance policies do not
cover St. Jude and its properties, and we may not be able to obtain insurance to cover St. Jude and
its properties at economically feasible premiums or at all.
S-13
Governmental and Regulatory Risks
As a holding company, limitations on the ability of our operating subsidiaries to make
distributions to us could adversely affect the funding of our operations.
We are a holding company that conducts operations through foreign (principally African)
subsidiaries and joint ventures, and substantially all of our assets consist of equity in these
entities. Accordingly, any limitation on the transfer of cash or other assets between the parent
corporation and these entities, or among these entities, could restrict our ability to fund our
operations efficiently, or to repay our convertible notes or other debt. Any such limitations, or
the perception that such limitations might exist now or in the future, could have an adverse impact
on our valuation and stock price.
We are subject to changes in the regulatory environment where we operate which may increase our
costs of compliance.
Our mining operations and exploration activities are subject to extensive regulation governing
various matters, including:
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licensing |
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production |
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taxes |
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water disposal |
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toxic substances |
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development and permitting |
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exports |
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imports |
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labor standards |
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occupational health and safety |
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mine safety |
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environmental protections |
Compliance with these regulations increases the costs of the following:
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planning |
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designing |
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drilling |
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operating |
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developing |
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constructing |
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closure and reclamation |
We believe that we are in substantial compliance with current laws and regulations in Ghana
and elsewhere. However, these laws and regulations are subject to frequent change and
reinterpretation. Due to the substantial increase in mining development in Ghana in recent years,
the Government of Ghana has been reviewing the adequacy of reclamation bonds and guarantees
throughout the country and in some cases has requested higher levels of bonding than previously had
been required. Our bonds may be increased. Amendments to current laws and regulations governing
operations and activities of mining companies or more stringent implementation or interpretation of
these laws and regulations could have a material adverse impact on us, cause a reduction in levels
of production and delay or prevent the development or expansion of our properties in Ghana.
S-14
Government regulations limit the proceeds from gold sales that could be withdrawn from Ghana.
Changes in regulations that increase these restrictions could have a material adverse impact on us,
as Bogoso/ Prestea and Wassa are currently our only sources of internally generated operating cash
flows.
The Government of Ghana has the right to increase its ownership and control of certain
subsidiaries.
The Government of Ghana currently has a 10% carried interest in our subsidiaries that own our
Bogoso/ Prestea mine, Wassa mine, St. Jude properties and Prestea Underground property and other
properties in Ghana. The Government of Ghana also has: (a) the right to acquire up to an
additional 20% equity interest in each of these subsidiaries for a price to be determined by
agreement or arbitration; (b) the right to acquire a special share or golden share in such
subsidiaries at any time for no consideration or such consideration as the Government of Ghana and
such subsidiaries might agree; and (c) a pre-emptive right to purchase all gold and other minerals
produced by such subsidiaries. The Government of Ghana may seek to exercise one or more of these
rights, which could reduce our equity interest. A reduction in our equity interest could reduce
our income or cash flows from Bogoso/ Prestea or Wassa, reducing amounts available to us for
reinvestment and adversely affecting our ability to take certain actions.
We are subject to risks relating to exploration, development and operations in foreign countries.
Certain laws, regulations and statutory provisions in certain countries in which we have
mineral rights could, as they are currently written, have a material negative impact on our ability
to develop or operate a commercial mine. For countries where we have exploration or development
stage projects, we intend to negotiate mineral agreements with the governments of these countries
and seek variances or otherwise be exempted from the provisions of these laws, regulations and/or
statutory provisions. We cannot assure you, however, that we will be successful in obtaining
mineral agreements or variances or exemptions on commercially acceptable terms.
Our assets and operations are affected by various political and economic uncertainties,
including:
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the risks of war, civil unrest, coups or other violent or unexpected changes in government; |
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political instability and violence; |
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expropriation and nationalization; |
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renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions, licenses, permits, and contracts; |
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illegal mining; |
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changes in taxation policies; |
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restrictions on foreign exchange and repatriation; and |
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changing political conditions, currency controls, and governmental regulations that
favor or require the awarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign
contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular
jurisdiction. |
Illegal mining occurs on our properties, is difficult to control, can disrupt our business and can
expose us to liability.
We continue to experience heightened illegal mining activity on the Prestea property involving
illegal miners numbering in the thousands. Most of this activity is in the Beta Boundary area
south of Prestea and includes areas where we have established reserves. It is difficult to
quantify the exact impact of this activity on our reserves and non-reserve mineral resources. The
impact of this illegal mining, to the extent known at this time, on our currently reported mineral
reserve and non-reserve mineral resources was included in our year-end 2004 reserve figures. While
we are proactively working with local, regional
and national governmental authorities to obtain protection of our property rights on a
timelier basis, any action on the part of such authorities may not occur, may not fully address our
problems or may be delayed.
S-15
In addition to the impact on our mineral reserve and non reserve mineral resources, the
presence of illegal miners could lead to project delays and disputes and delays regarding the
development or operation of commercial gold deposits. The work performed by the illegal miners
could cause environmental damage or other damage to our properties, or personal injury or death for
which we could potentially be held responsible. Illegal miners work on other of our properties
from time to time, and they may in the future increase their presence and have increased negative
impacts such as those described above on such other properties.
Our activities are subject to complex laws, regulations and accounting standards that can adversely
affect operating and development costs, the timing of operations, the ability to operate and
financial results.
Our business, mining operations and exploration and development activities are subject to
extensive Canadian, United States, Ghanaian and other foreign, federal, state, provincial,
territorial and local laws and regulations governing exploration, development, production, exports,
taxes, labor standards, waste disposal, protection of the environment, reclamation, historic and
cultural resource preservation, mine safety and occupational health, toxic substances, reporting
and other matters, as well as accounting standards. Compliance with these laws, regulations and
standards or the imposition of new such requirements could adversely affect operating and
development costs, the timing of operations, the ability to operate and financial results.
Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business and share price.
We are required to annually test our internal control procedures in order to satisfy the
requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires annual management assessments
of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and a report by our
independent auditor addressing these assessments. Any failure to implement, improve and expand our
systems, processes, or controls efficiently could have a material adverse effect on our business
and our ability to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment. During the
course of our testing we may identify deficiencies which we may not be able to remediate in time to
meet the deadline imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for compliance with the requirements of Section
404. In addition, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards
are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can
conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in
accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. While we satisfied the requirements of
Section 404 for the year ended December 31, 2004, failure in the future to achieve and maintain an
effective internal control environment could have a material adverse effect on our business and
share price. As a reporting issuer in Canada and not reporting in the United States, St. Jude has
not previously been subject to Section 404. As a result of our acquisition of St. Jude, we are
required to expand our internal control procedures to include the business and financial
information of St. Jude in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404. Our failure to do so
effectively and in a timely manner could have a material adverse effect on our business and share
price.
S-16
Market Risks
The market price of our common shares could experience volatility and could decline significantly.
Our common shares are listed on AMEX and the TSX. Securities of small-cap companies have
experienced substantial volatility in the past, often based on factors unrelated to the financial
performance or prospects of the companies involved. These factors include macroeconomic
developments in North America and globally and market perceptions of the attractiveness of
particular industries. Our share price is also likely to be significantly affected by short-term
changes in gold prices or in our financial condition or results of operations as reflected in our
quarterly earnings reports. Other factors unrelated to our performance that could have an effect
on the price of our common shares include the following:
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the extent of analytical coverage available to investors concerning our business
could be limited if investment banks with research capabilities do not continue to
follow our securities; |
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the trading volume and general market interest in our securities could affect an
investors ability to trade significant numbers of common shares; |
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the size of the public float in our common shares may limit the ability of some
institutions to invest in our securities; and |
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a substantial decline in our stock price that persists for a significant period of
time could cause our securities to be delisted from the AMEX and the TSX, further
reducing market liquidity. |
As a result of any of these factors, the market price of our common shares at any given point
in time might not accurately reflect our long-term value. Securities class action litigation often
has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their
securities. We could in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation
could result in substantial costs and damages and divert managements attention and resources.
Investors could have difficulty or be unable to enforce certain civil liabilities on us, certain of
our directors and our experts.
Golden Star is a Canadian corporation. Substantially all of our assets are located outside of
Canada and the United States, and our head office is located in the United States. It might not be
possible for investors to collect judgments obtained in Canadian courts predicated on the civil
liability provisions of Canadian or U.S. securities legislation. It could also be difficult for
you to effect service of process in connection with any action brought in the United States upon
our directors and experts. Execution by United States courts of any judgment obtained against us
or, any of the directors, executive officers or experts named in this prospectus in the United
States courts would be limited to our assets or the assets of such persons or corporations, as the
case might be, in the United States. The enforceability in Canada of United States judgments or
liabilities in original actions in Canadian courts predicated solely upon the civil liability
provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States is doubtful.
There may be certain tax risks associated with investments in Golden Star.
Potential investors that are United States taxpayers should consider that we could be
considered to be a passive foreign investment company (PFIC) for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. Although we believe that we currently are not a PFIC and do not expect to become a PFIC
in the future, the tests for determining PFIC status are dependent upon a number of factors, some
of which are beyond our control, and we can not assure you that we would not become a PFIC in the
future. If we were deemed to be a
PFIC, then a United States taxpayer who disposes of common shares at a gain, or who received a
so-called excess distribution on the common shares, generally would be required to treat such
gain or excess distribution as ordinary income and pay an interest charge on a portion of the gain
or distribution.
S-17
The existence of outstanding rights to purchase or acquire common shares could impair our ability
to raise capital and subjects you to future dilution.
As of January 20, 2006, approximately 19.1 million common shares are issuable on exercise of
warrants, options or other rights to purchase common shares (including the shares issuable on
exercise of options and warrants that are covered by this prospectus) at prices ranging from
Cdn$0.29 to Cdn$9.07. In addition, 11.1 million common shares are currently issuable upon
conversion of our senior convertible notes issued in April 2005. During the life of the warrants,
options, notes and other rights, the holders are given an opportunity to profit from a rise in the
market price of common shares, with a resulting dilution in the interest of the other shareholders.
Our ability to obtain additional financing during the period such rights are outstanding could be
adversely affected, and the existence of the rights could have an adverse effect on the price of
its common shares. The holders of the warrants, options, notes and other rights can be expected to
exercise or convert them at a time when we would, in all likelihood, be able to obtain any needed
capital by a new offering of securities on terms more favorable than those provided by the
outstanding rights. If currently outstanding options or warrants to purchase our common shares are
exercised, your investment would be further diluted.
THE COMPANY
Golden Star Resources Ltd. was established under the Canada Business Corporations Act on May
15, 1992 as a result of the amalgamation of South American Goldfields Inc., a corporation
incorporated under the federal laws of Canada, and Golden Star Resources Ltd., a corporation
originally incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta) on March 7, 1984 as Southern
Star Resources Ltd. We are a reporting issuer or the equivalent in all provinces of Canada and the
United States and file disclosure documents with the Canadian securities regulatory authorities and
the SEC in the United States.
Our principal office is located at 10901 West Toller Drive, Suite 300, Littleton, Colorado
80127, and our registered office is located at 66 Wellington St. W., Suite 3700, P.O. Box 20,
Toronto Dominion Bank Tower, Toronto Dominion Centre, Toronto, Ontario M5K 1N6. Golden Stars
fiscal year ends on December 31.
General
We are an international gold mining and exploration company, focused primarily on mining, mine
development and exploration in Ghana, West Africa.
Bogoso/ Prestea
We own 90% of and operate the Bogoso/ Prestea gold mining and milling operation, which
consists of the adjoining Bogoso and Prestea mining leases, located along the Ashanti Trend in
southwestern Ghana. The property consists of several open pit mines and a nominal 6,000 tonne per
day carbon-in-leach mill and processing plant. We hold the property under mining leases granted by
the Government of Ghana, terminating from 2017 to 2031. In 2004, we produced 147,875 ounces of
gold from Bogoso/ Prestea, at an average cash operating cost of approximately $250 per ounce, which
we sold for an average gold price of approximately $410 per ounce. During the first nine months of
2005, we produced 101,709 ounces of gold from Bogoso/ Prestea, at an average cash operating cost of
approximately $287 per ounce, which we sold for an average gold price of approximately $431 per
ounce.
S-18
If the expansion and development plans at Bogoso/ Prestea are completed as expected during
2006 and assuming a full year of production from the sulfide plant in 2007, our annualized
production at Bogoso/ Prestea is expected to increase to 360,000 ounces of gold in 2007.
Construction for the Bogoso/ Prestea expansion project commenced mid-year following the
receipt of environmental permits and Board approvals in June 2005. We estimate that the total
capital cost of the project, including the expansion of the mining fleet, will be approximately
$115 to $125 million, and we expect a 15 to 18 month construction period, ending in late 2006. We
sold $50 million in senior convertible notes in April 15, 2005 primarily to fund the Bogoso/
Prestea expansion project. During December 2005 we sold 31.59 million common shares in an equity
offering for net proceeds of approximately $71.8 million for the primary purpose of funding the
completion of the sulfide expansion project.
The Government of Ghana owns the remaining 10% of Bogoso/ Prestea. As required by the law of
Ghana for all mining operations, the Government has a carried interest under which it receives 10%
of any future dividends from the subsidiaries owning the Bogoso/ Prestea mine, following repayment
of all capital, and has no obligation to contribute development or operating expenses. The
Government of Ghana also receives a royalty based on total revenues earned from the lease area.
For the last three years, we have paid a royalty equal to 3% of our revenues from Bogoso/ Prestea.
See Risk Factors Governmental and Regulatory Risks.
Wassa
Through another 90% owned subsidiary, Wexford Goldfields Limited, we own the Wassa gold
property, located some 35 kilometers east of Bogoso/ Prestea. The newly constructed ore processing
plant and open pit mine at Wassa was completed and placed in service on April 1, 2005 and currently
processes a mixture of newly mined ore from the open pit mine and heap leach materials left by a
former owner. During the second and third quarters of 2005, we produced 45,063 ounces of gold at
Wassa at an average cash operating cost of $465 per ounce, which we sold for an average gold price
of approximately $437 per ounce.
We expect to produce approximately 140,000 ounces at Wassa in 2006.
We hold the Wassa property under a mining lease expiring in 2022. The Government of Ghana has
a 10% carried interest in Wassa.
St.
Jude
Through our newly acquired subsidiary, St. Jude, we own the St. Jude properties, consisting
primarily of the Hwini-Butre and South Benso concessions. The St. Jude properties are at the
southeastern end of the Ashanti gold belt region in Ghana, approximately 60 to 80 kilometers south
of Wassa.
The Government of Ghana has a 10% carried interest in the St. Jude properties.
Prestea Underground
The Prestea Underground is located on the Prestea property and consists of a currently
inactive underground gold mine and associated support facilities. As of June 30, 2005, our
wholly-owned subsidiary, owned a 90% operating interest in this mine (with the bankruptcy trustee
for our subsidiarys former joint venture partner being awarded a 2.5% net profits interest by the
High Court in Accra, Ghana). We are currently carrying out exploration and technical studies to determine if the
underground mine can be reactivated on a profitable basis.
S-19
We hold the Prestea Underground property under a mining lease expiring in 2031. We are
engaged in care and maintenance of the underground mine and are conducting geologic and engineering
studies as part of our evaluation of the potential to resume operations.
Exploration
We have an approximate 53% interest in EURO Ressources S.A., a France registered, publicly
traded royalty holding company (formerly known as Guyanor Ressources S.A.) that owns a royalty
interest in Cambior Inc.s Rosebel gold mine in Suriname. We hold interests in an exploration
joint venture in Sierra Leone in West Africa and hold active exploration properties in Ghana, Côte
dIvoire, Suriname and French Guiana. We hold indirect interests in gold exploration properties in
Peru and Chile through our 22% interest in Goldmin Consolidated Holdings, and in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo through an approximate 10% interest in Moto Goldmines Limited.
Business Strategy
Since 1999, our business and development strategy has been focused primarily on the
acquisition of producing and development stage gold properties in Ghana and on the exploration,
development and operation of these properties. We also explore for gold. Since 1999, our
exploration efforts have been focused on Ghana, other West African countries and South America. We
are currently carrying out construction of a sulfide processing plant to expand production at
Bogoso/ Prestea. Our ore processing plant and open pit mine at Wassa were completed and placed in
service on April 1, 2005. If the expansion and development plans at Bogoso/ Prestea are completed
as expected during 2006 and assuming a full year of production from the sulfide plant in 2007, our
annualized production is expected to increase to over 500,000 ounces of gold in 2007. Achievement
of this target is subject to numerous risks. See Risk Factors.
Our overall objective is to grow our business organically and through acquisitions. As part
of the effort to achieve this goal, we actively investigate potential acquisition and merger
candidates. These efforts resulted in our acquisition of St. Jude.
ACQUISITION OF ST. JUDE
On November 11, 2005, we entered into a definitive Arrangement Agreement with St. Jude,
providing for the acquisition of the outstanding securities of St. Jude by us pursuant to a plan of
arrangement effected pursuant to the Canada Business Corporations Act. The Arrangement was
completed and became effective on December 21, 2005, resulting in St. Jude becoming a wholly owned
subsidiary of Golden Star. Concurrent with the completion of the Arrangement, Michael Terrell, the
President and Chief Executive Officer of St. Jude, became a director of Golden Star.
Overview of the Arrangement
Pursuant to the Arrangement with St. Jude, every one common share of St. Jude was exchanged
for 0.72 of a common share of Golden Star, and holders of convertible securities of St. Jude
received securities of Golden Star convertible into or exercisable for a proportionate number of
common shares of Golden Star at a proportionate price (in each case based on an exchange ratio of
0.72 of a common share of Golden Star for each St. Jude common share).
S-20
Benefits of the Arrangement/Plans for St. Jude
Both Golden Star and St. Jude have been active in the exploration of mineral properties in
Ghana and other parts of West Africa. In particular, the Hwini-Butre and South Benso concessions
are within haulage distance of our Wassa gold mine, and we plan to consider the opportunity to mine
and haul ore to Wassa, which could extend the mine life at Wassa and increase production at lower
cash costs, with relatively low additional capital investment. We believe that the acquisition of
St. Jude will allow us over time to capitalize on certain synergies in the form of greater growth
opportunities, reduced costs and increased earnings. The acquisition of St. Jude is also expected
to be accretive to our net asset value per share and to cash flow per share in the long term.
We plan to commence exploration activities on the St. Jude properties in 2006, in particular
the Hwini-Butre and South Benso concessions, and to develop non-reserve resource estimates based on
our own methodologies, analytical techniques and quality assurance and quality control procedures.
We will not include in our 2005 non-reserve resource estimates St. Judes pre-acquisition resource
estimates. We expect to report our resource estimates for the St. Jude properties late in 2006.
St. Jude
St. Jude previously operated as a natural resource company engaged in the acquisition and
exploration of gold-related mineral properties, primarily in West Africa. In addition to the
Hwini-Butre and South Benso projects, St. Jude has several other prospective exploration projects
in Ghana, Burkina Faso and Niger. A description of St. Judes material properties are set forth
below.
Hwini-Butre Concession, Tarkwa District, Ghana
St. Jude holds a 90% interest in the Hwini-Butre concession (subject to receipt of regulatory
approval), which is located in Tarkwa District, Ghana, approximately 230 kilometers west of the
capital city of Accra and occupies an area of approximately 41.5 square kilometers. The
Hwini-Butre concession is located on the southeastern end of the Ashanti gold belt. St. Jude
previously carried out numerous exploration programs on the property. The Government of Ghana has
a 10% carried interest in the Hwini-Butre concession.
South Benso Concession, Tarkwa District, Ghana
St. Jude holds a 90% interest in the South Benso concession, located in Tarkwa District,
Ghana. The South Benso concession is located contiguous to and directly north of the Hwini-Butre
concession. The South Benso concession covers an area of approximately 43 square kilometers, and
consists of three blocks: the Amantin, Subriso, and Chichiwelli blocks. St. Jude previously
conducted a geochemical soil sampling survey over the South Benso concession and drill programs on
the three blocks. The Government of Ghana has a 10% carried interest in the South Benso
concession.
Goulagou and Rounga Properties, Burkina Faso
St. Jude holds an 80% interest in each of the Goulagou and Rounga properties. The Goulagou
and Rounga properties are two contiguous properties covering approximately 487 square kilometers
and located approximately 100 kilometers west of Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso, and
20 kilometres north of the city of Ouahigouya. The drilling program previously carried out by St.
Jude supported the existence of several areas of gold enrichment including two parallel gold
mineralized zones on the Goulagou property.
S-21
Deba and Tialkam Projects, Niger
St. Jude holds a 90% interest in two exploration permits in Niger, referred to as Deba and
Tialkam. St. Jude previously obtained certain data from exploration carried out by previous owners
and initiated a drilling program.
Shieni Hills Project, Ghana
St. Jude holds a reconnaissance license in northeast Ghana, which covers an exploration area
of approximately 500 square kilometers centered on the Shieni Hills iron ore deposits. St. Jude
has initiated exploring the license area for gold and other metal mineralization.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Holders of the options and warrants are not obligated to exercise any of them. If all of the
options and warrants are exercised, we would receive gross proceeds of approximately Cdn$18.8
million or $16.3 million.
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, possibly
including acquisitions. Pending the use of proceeds of this offering, we intend to invest the net
proceeds of this offering in U.S. or Canadian treasury bills or short-term, investment grade,
interest-bearing securities.
DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
Options
This prospectus relates to the sale of up to 2,533,176 common shares issuable upon the
exercise of options issued in connection with our acquisition of St. Jude. The options were issued
in exchange for St. Jude options in the Arrangement based on a 0.72 exchange ratio, so that each
Golden Star option is exercisable for that number of common shares that would otherwise have been
issuable upon the exercise of the St. Jude option multiplied by 0.72 at an exercise price equal to
the exercise price of the St. Jude option divided by 0.72. There are 140,400 options with an
exercise price of Cdn$0.29, 1,060,776 options with an exercise price of Cdn$1.82, and 1,332,000
options with an exercise price of Cdn$2.50. The exercise price and the number of shares issuable
upon exercise of the options is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of a stock dividend,
subdivision, redivision, consolidation, shares reclassification, amalgamation, merger,
consolidation, corporate arrangement, reorganization, liquidation or similar transaction.
With
respect to any optionholder who ceases to be an employee, officer or director of St. Jude
as a result of the Arrangement and within 90 days after the completion of the Arrangement, their
options will expire at 5:00 p.m. (Denver time) on the date that is 90 days after December 21, 2005.
With respect to any optionholder continuing as an employee, officer or director of St. Jude, their
options will expire according to the original terms of the St. Jude option exchanged for the Golden
Star option. The options expire by their terms at various times through September 21, 2009.
Warrants
This prospectus relates to the sale of up to 3,240,000 common shares issuable upon the
exercise of warrants issued in connection with our acquisition of St. Jude. The warrants were
issued in exchange for St. Jude warrants in the Arrangement based on a 0.72 exchange ratio, so that
each Golden Star warrant is exercisable for that number of common shares that would otherwise have
been issuable upon the exercise of the St. Jude warrant multiplied by 0.72 at an exercise price
equal to the exercise price of the St. Jude warrant divided by 0.72. The warrants are exercisable at a price of Cdn$4.17 per
share. The exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants is
subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of a: (i) common share reorganization; (ii) rights
offering; (iii) special distribution; or (iv) capital
reorganization, each as defined and determined in
accordance with the terms of the warrants. The warrants expire at 4:30 p.m. (Toronto time) on
November 20, 2008.
S-22
PRICE RANGE OF OUR COMMON SHARES
Our common shares are listed on the American Stock Exchange under the trading symbol GSS and
on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the trading symbol GSC. As of January 19, 2006, 205,954,582
common shares were outstanding, and we had approximately 985 shareholders of record. On January
20, 2006, the closing price per share for our common shares as reported by the American Stock
Exchange was $3.06 and as reported by the Toronto Stock Exchange was Cdn$3.50.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low market
closing prices per share of our common shares.
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American Stock |
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Toronto Stock |
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Exchange |
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Exchange |
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High |
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Low |
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High |
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Low |
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($) |
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(Cdn$) |
2006 |
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First Quarter (through January 21) |
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3.15 |
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2.90 |
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3.75 |
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3.32 |
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2005 |
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First Quarter |
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4.04 |
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2.58 |
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4.94 |
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3.15 |
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Second Quarter |
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3.23 |
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2.35 |
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4.02 |
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3.01 |
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Third Quarter |
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3.73 |
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2.84 |
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4.33 |
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3.40 |
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Fourth Quarter |
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3.22 |
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2.12 |
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3.78 |
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2.54 |
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2004 |
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First Quarter |
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7.25 |
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5.29 |
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9.43 |
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7.00 |
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Second Quarter |
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7.07 |
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4.27 |
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9.20 |
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5.90 |
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Third Quarter |
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5.27 |
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3.71 |
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6.73 |
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4.91 |
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Fourth Quarter |
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5.61 |
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3.50 |
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7.10 |
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4.32 |
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We have not declared or paid cash dividends on our common shares since our inception.
Future dividend decisions will consider our then-current business results, cash requirements and
financial condition.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We are registering 5,773,176 of our common shares issuable upon the exercise of the options
and warrants issued in connection with our acquisition of St. Jude.
DESCRIPTION
OF COMMON SHARES
Our authorized capital consists of an unlimited number of common shares and an unlimited
number of first preferred shares issuable in series. The following is a summary and may not
describe every aspect of the common shares that may be important. Our constating documents and
by-laws define the rights of holders of common shares and of holders of preferred shares. As at January 19,
2006, 205,954,582 common shares and no preferred shares were issued and outstanding.
S-23
Common Shares
Dividend Rights
Holders of common shares may receive dividends when, as and if declared by the board of
directors on the common shares, subject to the preferential dividend rights of any other classes or
series of Golden Star shares. In no event may a dividend be declared or paid on the common shares
if payment of the dividend would cause the realizable value of Golden Stars assets to be less than
the aggregate of its liabilities and the amount required to redeem all of the shares having
redemption or retraction rights, which are then outstanding.
Voting and Other Rights
Holders of common shares are entitled to one vote per share, and in general, all matters will
be determined by a majority of votes cast other than fundamental changes to Golden Star.
Liquidation
In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Golden Star, holders of common
shares have the right to a ratable portion of the assets remaining after payment of liabilities and
liquidation preferences of any preferred shares or other securities that may then be outstanding.
Redemption
Common shares are not redeemable or convertible.
Rights Agreement
Rights to purchase common shares have been issued to holders of common shares under a rights
agreement between us and CIBC Mellon Trust Company. One right is attached to each common share.
If the rights become exercisable following the occurrence of certain specified events, each right
will entitle the holder, within certain limitations, to purchase one common share at an exercise
price equal to three times the market price of the common share, as determined under the terms of
the agreement. In certain events (including when a person or group becomes the beneficial owner of
20% or more of any class of our voting shares without complying with the permitted bid provisions
of the rights agreement or without the approval of our board of directors), exercise of the rights
would entitle the holders of the rights (other than the acquiring person or group) to acquire that
number of common shares having an aggregate market price on the date of the event equal to twice
the exercise price of the rights for an amount in cash equal to the exercise price. Accordingly,
exercise of the rights may cause substantial dilution to a person who attempts to acquire Golden
Star. The rights, which expire in 2007 (unless extended as provided in the rights agreement), may
be redeemed at a price of Cdn.$0.00001 per right at any time until a person or group has acquired
20% of common shares, except as otherwise provided in the rights agreement. The rights agreement
may have certain anti-takeover effects.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The transfer agent and registrar for our common shares is CIBC Mellon Trust Company at its
principal office in the city of Vancouver, British Columbia.
S-24
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference our publicly filed reports into this prospectus
supplement and the related prospectus, which means that information included in those reports is
considered part of this prospectus supplement and the related prospectus. Information that we file
with the SEC after the date of this prospectus supplement will automatically update and supersede
the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the related prospectus. We incorporate
by reference the following documents filed with the SEC and any future filings made with the SEC
under sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
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Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended on Form 10-K/A, for the year ended
December 31, 2004; |
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Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005, our
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005 and our Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005; |
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Reports on Form 8-K filed on February 2, April 11, April 19, September 29,
November 17, and December 23, 2005; and |
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Our Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed June 18, 2002, which contains a
description of our capital stock. |
We will furnish without charge to you, on written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the
above documents, other than exhibits to such documents which are not specifically incorporated by
reference therein. You should direct any requests for documents to Investor Relations, Golden Star
Resources Ltd., 10901 West Toller Drive, Suite 300, Littleton, Colorado 80127-6312, or by telephone
at (303) 830-9000.
The information relating to us contained in this prospectus supplement is not comprehensive
and should be read together with the information contained in the related prospectus and in the
incorporated documents. Descriptions contained in the incorporated documents as to the contents of
any contract or other document may not contain all of the information which is of interest to you.
You should refer to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to our filings.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This prospectus supplement and the related prospectus is pursuant to a registration statement
on Form S-3 that we filed with the SEC. Certain information in the registration statement has been
omitted from this prospectus supplement and the related prospectus in accordance with SEC rules.
We file annual, quarterly and special reports and other information with the SEC. You may
read and copy the registration statement and any other document that we file at the SECs public
reference room located at Judiciary Plaza, 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549.
Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. Our
SEC filings are also available to you free of charge at the SECs web site at http://www.sec.gov.
Our common shares are listed on the American Stock Exchange and you may inspect reports, proxy
statements and other information concerning us at the office of the American Stock Exchange at 86
Trinity Place, New York, New York 10006.
S-25
PROSPECTUS
$300,000,000
GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
Common Shares
Preferred Shares
Warrants
Convertible Debt Securities
Golden Star Resources Ltd. (together with its subsidiaries,
Golden Star, we, us, or
our company) may offer and sell from time to time up
to $300,000,000 of our common shares, without par value,
preferred shares, without par value, warrants, or convertible
debt securities in one or more transactions.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the
securities that we may offer. The accompanying prospectus
supplement sets forth specific information with regard to the
particular securities being offered and may add, update or
change information contained in this prospectus. You should read
both this prospectus and the prospectus supplement, together
with any additional information which is incorporated by
reference into this prospectus.
Our common shares are traded on the American Stock Exchange
under the symbol GSS and on the Toronto Stock
Exchange under the symbol GSC. Warrants issued in
conjunction with our February 14, 2003 equity offering are
traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol
GSC.WT.A.
References in this Prospectus to $ are to United
States dollars. Canadian dollars are indicated by the symbol
Cdn$.
This prospectus may not be used to offer and sell securities
unless accompanied by the applicable prospectus supplement.
The securities offered in this prospectus involve a high
degree of risk. You should carefully consider the matters set
forth in Risk Factors beginning on page 5 of
this prospectus in determining whether to purchase our
securities.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved these
securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
The date of this prospectus is May 24, 2005.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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You should rely only on information contained or incorporated by
reference in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to
provide you with information different from that contained or
incorporated in this prospectus.
We are not making an offer of these securities in any
jurisdiction where the offering is not permitted.
1
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act),
and file annual, quarterly and periodic reports, proxy
statements and other information with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, or SEC. The SEC maintains a web site
(http://www.sec.gov) on which our reports, proxy statements and
other information are made available. Such reports, proxy
statements and other information may also be inspected and
copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC
at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549.
Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330 for
further information on the operation of the public reference
facilities.
We have filed with the SEC a Registration Statement on
Form S-3, under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities
Act), with respect to the securities offered by this
prospectus. This prospectus, which constitutes part of the
Registration Statement, does not contain all of the information
set forth in the Registration Statement, certain parts of which
have been omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations
of the SEC. Reference is hereby made to the Registration
Statement and the exhibits to the Registration Statement for
further information with respect to our company and the
securities.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference our
publicly filed reports into this prospectus, which means that
information included in those reports is considered part of this
prospectus. Information that we file with the SEC after the date
of this prospectus will automatically update and supersede the
information contained in this prospectus and in prior reports.
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any
future filings made with the SEC under Sections 13(a),
13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act until all of the
securities offered pursuant to this prospectus have been sold.
The following documents filed with the SEC are incorporated by
reference in this prospectus:
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1. Our Annual Report on
Form 10-K, as
amended on
Form 10-K/ A, for
the year ended December 31, 2004; |
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2. Our Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended March 31, 2005; |
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3. Reports on
Form 8-K filed
February 2, February 4, April 11, April 19 and
May 5, 2005; and |
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4. Our Registration Statement on
Form 8-A, filed
June 18, 2002, which contains a description of our capital
stock. |
We will furnish without charge to you, on written or oral
request, a copy of any or all of the above documents, other than
exhibits to such documents which are not specifically
incorporated by reference therein. You should direct any
requests for documents to Investor Relations, Golden Star
Resources Ltd., 10901 West Toller Drive, Suite 300,
Littleton, Colorado, 80127-6312, telephone (303) 830-9000.
The information relating to us contained in this prospectus is
not comprehensive and should be read together with the
information contained in the incorporated documents.
Descriptions contained in the incorporated documents as to the
contents of any contract or other document may not contain all
of the information which is of interest to you. You should refer
to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an
exhibit to our filings.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
In this prospectus or in documents incorporated herein by
reference, we use the terms total cash cost per
ounce and cash operating cost per ounce. Total
cash cost per ounce and cash operating cost per ounce should be
considered as Non-GAAP Financial Measures as defined in SEC
Regulation S-K
Item 10 and should not be considered in isolation or as a
substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance
with GAAP. There are material limitations associated with the
use of such non-GAAP measures. Since these measures do not
incorporate revenues, changes in working capital and
non-operating
2
cash costs, they are not necessarily indicative of operating
profit or cash flow from operations as determined under GAAP.
Changes in numerous factors including, but not limited to,
mining rates, milling rates, gold grade, gold recovery, and the
costs of labor, consumables and mine site general and
administrative activities can cause these measures to increase
or decrease. We believe that these measures are the same or
similar to the measures of other gold mining companies, but may
not be comparable to similarly titled measures in every
instance. See Item 7 Managements Discussion and
Analysis in our most recent Annual Report on
Form 10-K for an
explanation of these measures.
STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in
this prospectus contain forward-looking statements, within the
meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and
Section 21E of the Exchange Act, with respect to our
financial condition, results of operations, business, prospects,
plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, capital
expenditure, and exploration and development efforts. Words such
as anticipates, expects,
intends, forecasts, plans,
believes, seeks, estimates,
may, will, and similar expressions
identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe that
our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in these
forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot be certain
that these plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved.
Actual results, performance or achievements could differ
materially from those contemplated, expressed or implied by the
forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by
reference in this prospectus. These statements include comments
regarding: the establishment and estimates of mineral reserves
and resources, production, production commencement dates,
productions costs, cash operating costs, total cash costs,
grade, processing capacity, potential mine life, feasibility
studies, development costs, expenditures, exploration, our
expansion plans for Bogoso/ Prestea and our production goals at
Wassa.
The following, in addition to the factors described in
Risk Factors in the accompanying prospectus
supplement, are among the factors that could cause actual
results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements:
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unexpected changes in business and economic conditions; |
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significant increases or decreases in gold prices; |
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changes in interest and currency exchange rates; |
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timing and amount of production; |
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unanticipated grade changes; |
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effects of illegal miners on our properties; |
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unanticipated recovery or production problems; |
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changes in mining and milling costs; |
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metallurgy, processing, access, availability of materials,
equipment, supplies and water; |
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changes in project parameters; |
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costs and timing of development of new reserves; |
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results of current and future exploration activities; |
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results of pending and future feasibility studies; |
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joint venture relationships; |
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political or economic instability, either globally or in the
countries in which we operate; |
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local and community impacts and issues; |
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timing of receipt of government approvals and permits; |
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accidents and labor disputes; |
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environmental costs and risks; |
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competitive factors, including competition for property
acquisitions; and |
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availability of capital at reasonable rates or at all. |
These factors are not intended to represent a complete list of
the general or specific factors that may affect us. We may note
additional factors elsewhere in this prospectus, in an
accompanying prospectus supplement and in any documents
incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the related
prospectus supplement. We undertake no obligation to update
forward-looking statements.
OUR BUSINESS
We are a Canadian international gold mining and exploration
company headquartered in Littleton, Colorado, a suburb of
Denver, Colorado and producing gold in Ghana, West Africa.
Through our subsidiaries and joint ventures we own a controlling
interest in four significant gold properties in Southern Ghana:
the Bogoso property (Bogoso), the Prestea property
(Prestea), the Wassa property (Wassa)
and the Prestea Underground property (Prestea
Underground). Bogoso and Prestea are adjoining properties,
operating as a single operation and referred to as
(Bogoso/ Prestea). Bogoso/ Prestea and the Prestea
Underground are owned by our 90% owned subsidiary, Bogoso Gold
Limited (BGL). In 2004, 147,875 ounces of gold were
sold by Bogoso/ Prestea, which has produced essentially all of
our gold since we became a gold producer in late 1999.
Through a 90% owned subsidiary, we own the Wassa gold property,
located some 35 kilometers east of Bogoso/ Prestea. The newly
constructed ore processing plant and open pit mine at Wassa were
completed and placed in service on April 1, 2005 and
currently processes a mixture of newly mined ore from the open
pit mine and heap leach materials left by a former owner. We
expect production of approximately 100,000 to 120,000 ounces
from this operation during 2005. The open pit is expected to
become the sole source of mill feed beginning in 2006 after all
of the heap leach material has been processed.
The Prestea Underground is located on the Prestea property and
consists of a currently inactive underground gold mine and
associated support facilities. As of March 31, 2005, BGL
owned an approximately 90% operating interest in this mine. We
are currently conducting exploration and engineering studies to
determine if the underground mine can be reactivated on a
profitable basis.
We hold an interest in an exploration joint venture, managed by
our joint venture partner, in Sierra Leone in West Africa and
hold active exploration properties in Ghana, Suriname and French
Guiana. We hold interests in gold exploration properties in Peru
and Chile through our affiliate Goldmin Holdings, and in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo through an investment in Moto
Goldmines Limited.
Our corporate headquarters are located at 10901 West Toller
Drive, Suite 300, Littleton, Colorado 80127 and our
telephone number is (303) 830-9000.
4
RISK FACTORS
An investment in the securities involves a high degree of
risk. You should consider the following discussion of risks in
addition to the other information in this prospectus before
purchasing any of the securities. In addition to historical
information, the information in this prospectus contains
forward-looking statements about our future business
and performance. Our actual operating results and financial
performance may be very different from what we expect as of the
date of this prospectus. The risks below address material
factors that may affect our future operating results and
financial performance.
Financial Risks
A substantial or extended decline in gold prices would have a
material adverse effect on our company.
The price of our common shares, our financial results and our
exploration, development and mining activities have previously
been, and would in the future be, significantly adversely
affected by a substantial or extended decline in the price of
gold. The price of gold is volatile and is affected by numerous
factors beyond our control such as the sale or purchase of gold
by various central banks and financial institutions, inflation
or deflation, fluctuation in the value of the United States
dollar and foreign currencies, global and regional demand, and
the political and economic conditions of major gold-producing
countries throughout the world. Any drop in the price of gold
adversely impacts our revenues, profits and cash flows. In
particular, a sustained low gold price could:
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cause suspension of our mining operations at Bogoso-Prestea and
Wassa if such operations become uneconomic at the
then-prevailing gold price, thus further reducing revenues; |
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cause us to be unable to fulfill our obligations under our
agreements with our partners or under our permits and licenses
which could cause us to lose our interests in, or be forced to
sell, some of our properties; |
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halt or delay the development of new projects; and |
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reduce funds available for exploration, with the result that
depleted reserves are not replaced. |
Furthermore, the need to reassess the feasibility of any of our
projects because of declining gold prices could cause
substantial delays or might interrupt operations until the
reassessment can be completed. Mineral reserve calculations and
life-of-mine plans
using significantly lower gold prices could result in reduced
estimates of mineral reserves and non-reserve mineral resources
and in material write-downs of our investment in mining
properties and increased amortization, reclamation and closure
charges.
We may incur substantial losses in the future that could make
financing our operations and business strategy more
difficult.
We had a net loss of $1.4 million in the first quarter of
2005 and annual earnings of $2.6 million,
$22.0 million and $4.9 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002,
respectively. We reported net losses of $20.6 million in
2001, $14.9 million in 2000, and $24.4 million in
1999. Numerous factors, including declining gold prices, lower
than expected ore grades or higher than expected operating
costs, and impairment write-offs of mine property and/or
exploration property costs, could cause us to become
unprofitable in the future. Any future operating losses could
make financing our operations and our business strategy, or
raising additional capital, difficult or impossible and could
materially and adversely affect our operating results and
financial condition.
Our obligations could strain our financial position and
impede our business strategy.
We have total consolidated debts and liabilities as of
March 31, 2005 of $35.7 million, including
$9.7 million payable to financial institutions,
$16.1 million of current trade payables and accrued current
liabilities and an $8.9 million accrual for environmental
rehabilitation liabilities. For additional information on our
environmental rehabilitation liabilities, see note 13 to
our Consolidated Financial Statements
5
contained in our Annual Report on
Form 10-K for our
most recently completed fiscal year and any subsequent Quarterly
Report on
Form 10-Q for our
most recently completed fiscal quarter. In addition, in April
2005, we sold $50 million of senior unsecured convertible
notes, maturing on April 15, 2009, to a private investment
fund. We expect that our indebtedness and other liabilities will
increase as a result of our corporate development activities.
These liabilities could have important consequences, including
the following:
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increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and
industry conditions; |
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limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund
future working capital, capital expenditures, operating and
exploration costs and other general corporate requirements; |
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requiring us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow
from operations to make debt service payments, which would
reduce our ability to fund working capital, capital
expenditures, operating and exploration costs and other general
corporate requirements; |
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limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to,
changes in our business and the industry; and |
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placing us at a disadvantage when compared to our competitors
that have less debt relative to their market capitalization. |
Our estimates of mineral reserves and non-reserves could be
inaccurate, which could cause production and costs to differ
from estimates.
There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating proven
and probable mineral reserves and measured, indicated and
inferred mineral resources, including many factors beyond our
control. The accuracy of estimates of mineral reserves and
non-reserves is a function of the quantity and quality of
available data and of the assumptions made and judgments used in
engineering and geological interpretation, which could prove to
be unreliable. These estimates of mineral reserves and
non-reserves may not be accurate, and mineral reserves and
non-reserves may not be able to be mined or processed profitably.
Fluctuation in gold prices, results of drilling, metallurgical
testing and production and the evaluation of mine plans
subsequent to the date of any estimate could require revision of
the estimate. The volume and grade of mineral reserves mined and
processed and recovery rates might not be the same as currently
anticipated. Any material reductions in estimates of our mineral
reserves and non-reserves, or of our ability to extract these
mineral reserves and non-reserves, could have a material adverse
effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We currently have only two major sources of operational cash
flows, which will likely be insufficient to fund our continuing
exploration and development activities.
While we have received significant infusions of cash from sales
of equity, our only current significant internal sources of
funds are operational cash flows from Bogoso/ Prestea and Wassa.
The newly constructed Wassa processing plant and open pit mine
were completed and placed in service on April 1, 2005 and
currently processes through the mill a mixture of ore from the
open pit and materials from the prior owners heap leach
pads. Production at Wassa is expected to range between 100,000
ounces and 120,000 ounces in 2005 and to increase to average
approximately 140,000 ounces per year after 2005. However, our
Wassa production goals may not be achieved. The anticipated
continuing exploration and development of our properties will
require significant expenditures over the next several years. We
expect that these expenditures will exceed free cash flows
generated by Bogoso/ Prestea and Wassa during that period, and
therefore we expect to use our excess cash and in the future to
require additional outside capital. Lower gold prices during the
five years prior to 2002 adversely affected our ability to
obtain financing, and recurring lower gold prices could have
similar effects in the future. In the future, we may not be able
to obtain adequate financing on acceptable terms. If we are
unable to obtain additional financing, we might need to delay or
indefinitely postpone further exploration and development of our
properties, and as a result, we could lose our interest in, or
could be forced to sell, some of our properties.
6
Implementation of a hedging program might be unsuccessful and
incur losses.
We do not intend to hedge our gold production in a manner that
limits the upside potential of gold price increases.
However, as required in a loan agreement, one of our
subsidiaries has entered into gold derivative positions designed
to stabilize its expected royalty revenues received from the
gold royalty payer. The derivative limits both the upside of the
royalty revenues and the down side. While there is a risk of
loss if the derivative positions were to be liquidated early and
during a period of unfavorable gold prices, loan covenants
prohibit liquidation of the position prior to the end of the
loan repayment.
We have purchased and expect to continue to purchase puts from
time to time during the construction phase of a new processing
plant in Ghana, which give us the right but not the obligation
to sell gold in the future at a fixed price. While puts do not
limit the upside potential of higher gold prices, early
liquidation of puts during a period of unfavorable gold prices
could result in a loss.
We continue to review whether or not, in light of the potential
for gold prices to fall, it would be appropriate to establish a
more general hedging program. To date, we have decided not to
implement a more general hedging program on gold production from
our own properties.
We are subject to fluctuations in currency exchange rates,
which could materially adversely affect our financial
position.
Our revenues are in United States dollars, and we maintain most
of our working capital in United States dollars or United States
dollar-denominated securities. We typically convert our United
States funds to foreign currencies as payment obligations become
due. Accordingly, we are subject to fluctuations in the rates of
currency exchange between the United States dollar and these
currencies, and such fluctuations could materially affect our
financial position and results of operations. A significant
portion of the operating costs at Bogoso/ Prestea and Wassa is
based on the Ghanaian currency, the Cedi. We are required to
convert into Cedis only 20% of the foreign exchange proceeds
that we receive from selling gold, but the Government of Ghana
could require us to convert a higher percentage of such sales
proceeds into Cedis in the future. In addition, we currently
have future obligations that are payable in Euros, and
receivables collectible in Euros. We obtain construction and
other services and materials and supplies from providers in
South Africa and other countries. The costs of goods and
services could increase due to changes in the value of the
United States dollar or the Cedi, the South African Rand or
other currencies, such as the recent decrease in the value of
the United States dollar relative to other currencies. In
addition, such changes may increase the salary costs of
expatriate employees who are currently paid in United States
dollars. Consequently, operation and development of our
properties might be more costly than we anticipate. While we
have not hedged against currency exchange risks in the past, we
expect to purchase South African Rand forward contracts in the
near future to hedge the expected purchase of capital assets in
South Africa in connection with the Bogoso sulfide expansion
project and may engage in additional hedges in the future.
Implementation of a currency hedging program may not adequately
protect us from the effects of fluctuation in currency exchange
rates.
Risks inherent in acquisitions that we might undertake could
adversely affect our current business and financial condition
and our growth.
We are actively pursuing the acquisition of producing,
development and advanced stage exploration properties and
companies, and have recently completed the acquisition and joint
venture of exploration and development properties in Ghana and
Sierra Leone. The search for attractive acquisition
opportunities and the completion of suitable transactions are
time consuming and expensive and diverts management attention
from our existing business and may be unsuccessful, as was our
recent bid for IAMGold. As our operations to date have focused
on a single property in Ghana, any acquisition that we may
choose to complete may change the scale of our business and
operations, and may expose us to new geographic, political,
operating, financial and geological risks. Our success in our
acquisition activities depends on our ability to complete
acquisitions on acceptable terms and integrate the acquired
operations successfully with
7
those of our company. Any acquisition would be accompanied by
risks. For example, there may be a significant change in
commodity prices after we have committed to complete a
transaction and established the purchase price or exchange
ratio, a material orebody may prove to be below expectations or
the acquired business or assets may have unknown liabilities
which may be significant. We may lose the services of our key
employees or the key employees of any business we acquire or
have difficulty integrating our operations and personnel. The
integration of an acquired business or assets may disrupt our
ongoing business and our relationships with employees, suppliers
and contractors. Any one or more of these factors or other risks
could cause us not to realize the anticipated benefits of an
acquisition of properties or companies, and could have a
material adverse effect on our current business and financial
condition and on our ability to grow.
We are subject to litigation risks.
All industries, including the mining industry, are subject to
legal claims, with and without merit. We are involved in various
routine legal proceedings, which include labor matters such as
unfair termination claims, supplier matters and property issues
incidental to our business, and are subject to a dispute with
respect to a portion of our interest in the Prestea Underground.
We believe it is unlikely that the final outcome of these legal
proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial
position or results of operation. However, defense and
settlement costs can be substantial, even with respect to claims
that have no merit. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the
litigation process, the resolution of any particular legal
proceeding could have a material effect on our financial
position and results of operations.
Operational Risks
The technology, capital costs and cost of production of
refractory mineral reserves and non-reserves at Bogoso/ Prestea
remain subject to a number of uncertainties, including funding
uncertainties.
Based upon the completion of our Bogoso sulfide project
feasibility study in 2001, the refractory material at Bogoso/
Prestea, which is ore that cannot be satisfactorily processed by
basic gravity concentration or simple cyanidation, has been
included in our proven and probable mineral reserves, which are
prepared in accordance with Canadas National Instrument
43-101. While the
sulfide project feasibility study indicated that refractory
mineral reserves can be profitably mined and processed at
current gold prices, the capital cost to upgrade the Bogoso
processing plant with a bio-oxidation or BIOX circuit to process
refractory ore, together with related mining equipment, and
facilities, is significant, and $8.0 million was spent on
the project through March 31, 2005. While the processing
technology envisioned in the feasibility study has been
successfully utilized at other mines and in spite of our
testing, engineering and analysis, the technology may not
perform successfully at commercial production levels on the
Bogoso/ Prestea refractory sulfide ores, in which case our
production estimates may not be achieved.
We are subject to a number of operational hazards that can
delay production or result in liability to us.
Our activities are subject to a number of risks and hazards
including:
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environmental hazards; |
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discharge of pollutants or hazardous chemicals; |
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industrial accidents; |
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labor disputes and shortages; |
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supply and shipping problems and delays; |
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shortage of equipment and contractor availability; |
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difficulty in applying technology such as bio-oxidation
processing; |
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unusual or unexpected geological or operating conditions; |
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slope failures; |
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cave-ins of underground workings; |
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failure of pit walls or dams; |
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fire; |
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changes in the regulatory environment; and |
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natural phenomena such as inclement weather conditions, floods
and earthquakes. |
These or other occurrences could result in damage to, or
destruction of, mineral properties or production facilities,
personal injury or death, environmental damage, delays in
mining, delayed production, monetary losses and possible legal
liability. We could incur liabilities as a result of pollution
and other casualties. Satisfying such liabilities could be very
costly and could have a material adverse effect on our financial
position and results of operations.
Our mining operations are subject to numerous environmental
laws, regulations and permitting requirements that can delay
production and adversely affect operating and development
costs.
Compliance with existing regulations governing the discharge of
materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to
environmental protection, in the jurisdictions where we have
projects may have a material adverse effect on our exploration
activities, results of operations and competitive position. New
or expanded regulations, if adopted, could affect the
exploration or development of our projects or otherwise have a
material adverse effect on our operations.
A significant portion of our recently acquired Dunkwa property
and portions of our Wassa property, as well as some of our
exploration properties in Ghana, are located within forest
reserve areas. Although Dunkwa and Wassa have been identified by
the Government of Ghana as eligible for mining permits subject
to normal procedures and a site inspection, permits for projects
in forest reserve areas may not be issued in a timely fashion,
or at all, and such permits may contain special requirements
with which it is burdensome or expensive to comply.
Mining and processing gold from the south end of the Prestea
property, conversion of the existing Bogoso/ Prestea processing
plant to process refractory sulfides and other activities will
require mining and other permits from the Government of Ghana.
These permits may not be issued on a timely basis or at all, and
such permits, when issued, may be subject to requirements or
conditions with which it is burdensome or expensive to comply.
We have, for example, experienced delay in obtaining
environmental permits at Bondaye. Such permitting issues could
adversely affect our projected production commencement dates,
production amounts and costs.
As a result of the foregoing risks, project expenditures,
production quantities and rates and cash operating costs, among
other things, could be materially and adversely affected and
could differ materially from anticipated expenditures,
production quantities and rates, and costs. In addition,
estimated production dates could be delayed materially. Any such
events could materially and adversely affect our business,
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The development and operation of our mining projects involve
numerous uncertainties that could affect the feasibility or
profitability of such projects.
Mine development projects, including our recent development at
Wassa and anticipated expansion at Bogoso/ Prestea, typically
require a number of years and significant expenditures during
the development phase before production is possible.
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Development projects are subject to the completion of successful
feasibility studies and environmental assessments, issuance of
necessary governmental permits and receipt of adequate
financing. The economic feasibility of development projects is
based on many factors such as:
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estimation of mineral reserves and mineral resources; |
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anticipated metallurgical recovery rates; |
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environmental considerations and permitting; |
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future gold prices; and |
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anticipated capital and operating costs. |
Our mine development projects could have limited relevant
operating history upon which to base estimates of future
operating costs and capital requirements. Estimates of proven
and probable mineral reserves and operating costs determined in
feasibility studies are based on geologic and engineering
analyses and might not prove to be accurate.
The management of mine development projects and
start-up of new
operations are complex, and we do not have a history of
simultaneously managing an ongoing operation, the
start-up of a new
operation and a significant development project. Completion of
development and the commencement of production may be subject to
delays, as occurred at Wassa. Any of the following events, among
others, could affect the profitability or economic feasibility
of a project:
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unanticipated changes in grade and tonnage of ore to be mined
and processed; |
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unanticipated adverse geotechnical conditions; |
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incorrect data on which engineering assumptions are made; |
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costs of constructing and operating a mine in a specific
environment; |
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availability and cost of processing and refining facilities; |
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availability of economic sources of power; |
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adequacy of water supply; |
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adequate access to the site including competing land uses (such
as agriculture and illegal mining); |
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unanticipated transportation costs; |
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government regulations (including regulations relating to
prices, royalties, duties, taxes, permitting, restrictions on
production, quotas on exportation of minerals, as well as the
costs of protection of the environment and agricultural lands); |
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fluctuations in gold prices; and |
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accidents, labor actions and force majeure events. |
Adverse effects on the operations or further development of a
project could also adversely affect our business, financial
condition, results of operations and cash flow. Because of these
uncertainties, and others identified in Risk
Factors, our production estimates at Bogoso/ Prestea and
Wassa may not be achieved.
We need to continually obtain additional mineral reserves for
gold production and a failure to do so would adversely affect
our business and financial position in the future.
Because mines have limited lives based on proven and probable
mineral reserves, we must continually replace and expand our
mineral reserves as our mines produce gold. At current average
production rates, we estimate that Bogoso/ Prestea has over ten
years of mine life and Wassa has approximately five years of
mine life, but our estimates might not be correct and the mine
life would be shortened if we expand production. Our ability to
maintain or increase our annual production of gold will be
dependent in
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significant part on our ability to bring new mines into
production and to expand or extend the life of existing mines.
Gold exploration is highly speculative, involves substantial
expenditures, and is frequently non-productive.
Gold exploration, including the exploration of the Prestea
Underground, involves a high degree of risk and exploration
projects are frequently unsuccessful. Few prospects that are
explored end up being ultimately developed into producing mines.
To the extent that we continue to be involved in gold
exploration, the long-term success of our operations will be
related to the cost and success of our exploration programs. We
cannot assure you that our gold exploration efforts will be
successful. The success of gold exploration is determined in
part on the following factors:
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the identification of potential gold mineralization based on
superficial analysis; |
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availability of prospective land; |
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availability of government-granted exploration permits; |
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the quality of our management and our geological and technical
expertise; and |
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the capital available for exploration and development. |
Substantial expenditures are required to determine if a project
has economically mineable mineralization. It could take several
years to establish proven and probable mineral reserves and to
develop and construct mining and processing facilities. As a
result of these uncertainties, we cannot assure you that current
and future exploration programs will result in the discovery of
mineral reserves, the expansion of our existing mineral reserves
and the development of mines.
We face competition from other mining companies in connection
with the acquisition of properties.
We face strong competition from other mining companies in
connection with the acquisition of properties producing, or
capable of producing, precious metals. Many of these companies
have greater financial resources, operational experience and
technical capabilities. As a result of this competition, we
might be unable to maintain or acquire attractive mining
properties on terms we consider acceptable or at all.
Consequently, our revenues, operations and financial condition
could be materially adversely affected.
Title to our mineral properties could be challenged.
We seek to confirm the validity of our rights to title to, or
contract rights with respect to, each mineral property in which
we have a material interest. We have mining leases with respect
to our Bogoso/ Prestea, Wassa and Prestea Underground
properties. However, we cannot guarantee that title to our
properties will not be challenged. Title insurance generally is
not available, and our ability to ensure that we have obtained
secure claim to individual mineral properties or mining
concessions could be severely constrained. We generally do not
conduct surveys of our properties until they have reached the
development stage, and therefore, the precise area and location
of such properties could be in doubt. Accordingly, our mineral
properties could be subject to prior unregistered agreements,
transfers or claims, and title could be affected by, among other
things, undetected defects. In addition, we might be unable to
operate our properties as permitted or to enforce our rights
with respect to our properties.
We depend on the services of key executives.
We are dependent on the services of key executives including our
President and Chief Executive Officer and a small number of
highly skilled and experienced executives and personnel. Due to
the relatively small size of our management team, the loss of
these persons or our inability to attract and retain additional
highly skilled employees could adversely affect the exploration
and development of our properties, which could have a material
adverse effect on our business and future operations. We have
obtained key person insurance only with respect to our President
and Chief Executive Officer.
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The period of weak gold prices prior to 2002 resulted in the
depletion in the number of trained and experienced professionals
and managers in our industry. Higher gold prices have resulted
in an increased demand for these people, and it could therefore
be more difficult to attract or retain such experienced
professionals and managers without significantly increasing the
cost to Golden Star.
Our insurance coverage could be insufficient.
Our business is subject to a number of risks and hazards
generally, including:
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adverse environmental conditions; |
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industrial accidents; |
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labor disputes; |
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unusual or unexpected geological conditions; |
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ground or slope failures; |
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cave-ins; |
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changes in the regulatory environment; |
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natural phenomena such as inclement weather conditions, floods
and earthquakes; and |
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political risks including expropriation and civil war. |
Such occurrences could result in:
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damage to mineral properties or production facilities; |
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personal injury or death; |
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loss of legitimate title to properties; |
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environmental damage to our properties or the properties of
others; |
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delays in mining; |
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monetary losses; and |
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possible legal liability. |
Although we maintain insurance in amounts that we believe to be
reasonable, our insurance might not cover all the potential
risks associated with our business. We might also be unable to
maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible
premiums. Insurance coverage might not continue to be available
or might not be adequate to cover any resulting liability.
Moreover, insurance against risks such as environmental
pollution or other hazards as a result of exploration and
production is not generally available to us or to other
companies in the mining industry on acceptable terms. We might
also become subject to liability for pollution or other hazards
which we cannot insure against or which we might elect not to
insure against because of premium costs or other reasons. Losses
from these events might cause us to incur significant costs that
could have a material adverse effect upon our financial
performance and results of operations.
Governmental and Regulatory Risks
As a holding company, limitations on the ability of our
operating subsidiaries to make distributions to us could
adversely affect the funding of our operations.
We are a holding company that conducts operations through
foreign (principally African) subsidiaries and joint ventures,
and substantially all of our assets consist of equity in these
entities. Accordingly, any limitation on the transfer of cash or
other assets between the parent corporation and these entities,
or among these entities, could restrict our ability to fund our
operations efficiently. Any such limitations, or
12
the perception that such limitations might exist now or in the
future, could have an adverse impact on our valuation and stock
price.
We are subject to changes in the regulatory environment where
we operate which may increase our costs of compliance.
Our mining operations and exploration activities are subject to
extensive regulation governing various matters, including:
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licensing |
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production |
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taxes |
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water disposal |
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toxic substances |
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development and permitting |
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exports |
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imports |
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labor standards |
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occupational health and safety |
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mine safety |
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environmental protections |
Compliance with these regulations increases the costs of the
following:
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planning |
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designing |
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drilling |
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operating |
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developing |
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constructing |
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closure and reclamation |
We believe that we are in substantial compliance with current
laws and regulations in Ghana and elsewhere. However, these laws
and regulations are subject to frequent change and
reinterpretation. Due to the substantial increase in mining
development in Ghana in recent years, the Government of Ghana
has been reviewing the adequacy of reclamation bonds and
guarantees throughout the country and in some cases has
requested higher levels of bonding than previously had been
required. Our bonds may be increased. Amendments to current laws
and regulations governing operations and activities of mining
companies or more stringent implementation or interpretation of
these laws and regulations could have a material adverse impact
on us, cause a reduction in levels of production and delay or
prevent the development or expansion of our properties in Ghana.
Government regulations limit the proceeds from gold sales that
could be withdrawn from Ghana. Changes in regulations that
increase these restrictions could have a material adverse impact
on us, as Bogoso/ Prestea is currently our only source of
internally generated operating cash flows.
13
The Government of Ghana has the right to increase its
ownership and control of certain subsidiaries.
The Government of Ghana currently has a 10% carried interest in
our subsidiaries that own our Bogoso/ Prestea mine, Wassa mine
and Prestea Underground property. The Government of Ghana also
has: (a) the right to acquire up to an additional 20%
equity interest in each of these subsidiaries for a price to be
determined by agreement or arbitration; (b) the right to
acquire a special share or golden share in such subsidiaries at
any time for no consideration or such consideration as the
Government of Ghana and such subsidiaries might agree; and
(c) a pre-emptive right to purchase all gold and other
minerals produced by such subsidiaries. The Government of Ghana
may seek to exercise one or more of these rights, which could
reduce our equity interest. A reduction in our equity interest
could reduce our income or cash flows from Bogoso/ Prestea
and/or reduce our anticipated income or cash flows from Wassa,
reducing amounts available to us for reinvestment and adversely
affecting our ability to take certain actions.
We are subject to risks relating to exploration, development
and operations in foreign countries.
Certain laws, regulations and statutory provisions in certain
countries in which we have mineral rights could, as they are
currently written, have a material negative impact on our
ability to develop or operate a commercial mine. For countries
where we have exploration or development stage projects, we
intend to negotiate mineral agreements with the governments of
these countries and seek variances or otherwise be exempted from
the provisions of these laws, regulations and/or statutory
provisions. We cannot assure you, however, that we will be
successful in obtaining mineral agreements or variances or
exemptions on commercially acceptable terms.
Our assets and operations are affected by various political and
economic uncertainties, including:
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the risks of war, civil unrest, coups or other violent or
unexpected changes in government; |
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political instability and violence; |
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expropriation and nationalization; |
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renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions,
licenses, permits, and contracts; |
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illegal mining; |
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changes in taxation policies; |
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restrictions on foreign exchange and repatriation; and |
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changing political conditions, currency controls, and
governmental regulations that favor or require the awarding of
contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to
employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular
jurisdiction. |
Illegal mining occurs on our properties, is difficult to
control, can disrupt our business and can expose us to
liability.
We continue to experience heightened illegal mining activity on
the Prestea property involving illegal miners numbering in the
thousands. Most of this activity is in the Beta Boundary area
south of Prestea and includes areas where we have established
reserves. While it is difficult to quantify the exact impact of
this activity on our reserves and non-reserve mineral resources,
our preliminary survey completed in September 2004 indicated
that an estimated 50,000 ounces of gold may have been removed by
the illegal mining activity. The impact of this illegal mining,
to the extent known at this time, on our currently reported
reserve and non-reserve mineral resources was included in our
year-end 2004 reserve figures. While we are proactively working
with local, regional and national governmental authorities to
obtain protection of our property rights on a timelier basis,
any action on the part of such authorities may not occur, may
not fully address our problems or may be delayed.
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In addition to the impact on our reserve and non-reserve
resources, the presence of illegal miners could lead to project
delays and disputes and delays regarding the development or
operation of commercial gold deposits. The work performed by the
illegal miners could cause environmental damage or other damage
to our properties, or personal injury or death for which we
could potentially be held responsible. While illegal miners work
on other of our properties from time to time, they may in the
future increase their presence and have increased negative
impacts such as those described above on such other properties.
Our activities are subject to complex laws, regulations and
accounting standards that can adversely affect operating and
development costs, the timing of operations, the ability to
operate and financial results.
Our business, mining operations and exploration and development
activities are subject to extensive Canadian, United States,
Ghanaian and other foreign, federal, state, provincial,
territorial and local laws and regulations governing
exploration, development, production, exports, taxes, labor
standards, waste disposal, protection of the environment,
reclamation, historic and cultural resource preservation, mine
safety and occupational health, toxic substances, reporting and
other matters, as well as accounting standards. Compliance with
these laws, regulations and standards or the imposition of new
such requirements could adversely affect operating and
development costs, the timing of operations, the ability to
operate and financial results.
Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls
in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
could have a material adverse effect on our business and share
price.
We are required to annually test our internal control procedures
in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires annual management assessments
of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial
reporting and a report by our independent auditor addressing
these assessments. Any failure to implement, improve and expand
our systems, processes, or controls efficiently could have a
material adverse effect on our business and our ability to
achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment.
During the course of our testing we may identify deficiencies
which we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the
deadline imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for compliance with
the requirements of Section 404. In addition, if we fail to
maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such
standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to
time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an
ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over
financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act. While we satisfied the requirements of
Section 404 for 2004, failure in the future to achieve and
maintain an effective internal control environment could have a
material adverse effect on our business and share price.
Market Risks
The market price of our common shares could experience
volatility and could decline significantly.
Our common shares are listed on the American Stock Exchange and
the Toronto Stock Exchange. Securities of small-cap companies
have experienced substantial volatility in the past, often based
on factors unrelated to the financial performance or prospects
of the companies involved. These factors include macroeconomic
developments in North America and globally and market
perceptions of the attractiveness of particular industries. Our
share price is also likely to be significantly affected by
short-term changes in gold prices or in our financial condition
or results of operations as reflected in our quarterly earnings
reports. Other factors unrelated to our performance that could
have an effect on the price of our common shares include the
following:
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the extent of analytical coverage available to investors
concerning our business could be limited if investment banks
with research capabilities do not continue to follow our
securities; |
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the trading volume and general market interest in our securities
could affect an investors ability to trade significant
numbers of common shares; |
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the relatively small size of the public float will limit the
ability of some institutions to invest in our
securities; and |
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a substantial decline in our stock price that persists for a
significant period of time could cause our securities to be
delisted from the American Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock
Exchange, further reducing market liquidity. |
As a result of any of these factors, the market price of our
common shares at any given point in time might not accurately
reflect our long-term value. Securities class action litigation
often has been brought against companies following periods of
volatility in the market price of their securities. We could in
the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities
litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and
divert managements attention and resources.
You could have difficulty or be unable to enforce certain
civil liabilities on us, certain of our directors and our
experts.
We are a Canadian corporation. Substantially all of our assets
are located outside of Canada and the United States, and our
head office is located in the United States. Additionally, a
number of our directors and the experts named in this prospectus
are residents of Canada. Although we have appointed Koffman
Kalef, Suite 1900, 885 West Georgia Street, Vancouver,
British Columbia as our agent for service of process in the
Province of British Columbia, it might not be possible for
investors to collect judgments obtained in Canadian courts
predicated on the civil liability provisions of securities
legislation. It could also be difficult for you to effect
service of process in connection with any action brought in the
United States upon such directors and experts. Execution by
United States courts of any judgment obtained against us or, any
of the directors, executive officers or experts named in this
prospectus in United States courts would be limited to the
assets of Golden Star Resources Ltd. or the assets of such
persons or corporations, as the case might be, in the United
States. The enforceability in Canada of United States judgments
or liabilities in original actions in Canadian courts predicated
solely upon the civil liability provisions of the federal
securities laws of the United States is doubtful.
There may be certain tax risks associated with investments in
our company.
Potential investors that are United States taxpayers should
consider that we could be considered to be a passive
foreign investment company (PFIC) for federal
income tax purposes. Although we believe that we currently are
not a PFIC and do not expect to become a PFIC in the near
future, the tests for determining PFIC status are dependent upon
a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, and
we can not assure you that we would not become a PFIC in the
future. If we were deemed to be a PFIC, then a United States
taxpayer who disposes or is deemed to dispose of our shares at a
gain, or who received a so-called excess
distribution on the shares, generally would be required to
treat such gain or excess distribution as ordinary income and
pay an interest charge on a portion of the gain or distribution
unless the taxpayer makes a timely qualified electing fund
election (a QEF election). A United States
taxpayer who makes a QEF election generally must report on a
current basis his or her share of any of our ordinary earnings
and net capital gain for any taxable year in which we are a
PFIC, whether or not we distribute those earnings. Special
estate tax rules could be applicable to our shares if we are
classified as a PFIC for income tax purposes.
The existence of outstanding rights to purchase or acquire
common shares could impair our ability to raise capital.
As of May 6, 2005 approximately 14.5 million common
shares are issuable on exercise of warrants, options or other
rights to purchase common shares at prices ranging from Cdn$1.02
to Cdn$9.07. In addition, 11.1 million of our common shares
are currently issuable upon conversion of the senior unsecured
convertible notes issued in April 2005. During the life of the
warrants, options, notes and other rights, the holders are given
an opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price of our
common shares with a resulting dilution in the interest of the
other shareholders. Our ability to obtain additional financing
during
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the period such rights are outstanding could be adversely
affected, and the existence of the rights could have an adverse
effect on the price of our common shares. The holders of the
warrants, options, notes and other rights can be expected to
exercise them at a time when we would, in all likelihood, be
able to obtain any needed capital by a new offering of
securities on terms more favorable than those provided by the
outstanding rights.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus
supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of
the securities offered under this prospectus for the exploration
and development of our mining properties in Ghana, acquisition,
exploration and development of additional properties or
interests and working capital and other general corporate
purposes such as repayment of debt, if applicable.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may offer the securities directly to one or more purchasers,
through agents, or through underwriters or dealers designated
from time to time. We may distribute the securities from time to
time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices
(which may be changed from time to time), at market prices
prevailing at the times of sale, at prices related to these
prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. We may offer
securities in the same offering, or we may offer securities in
separate offerings. The applicable prospectus supplement will
describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including:
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the offeror(s) of the securities; |
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the terms of the securities to which the prospectus supplement
relates; |
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the name or names of any underwriters; |
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the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds to be
received from the sale; |
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any underwriting discounts and other items constituting
underwriters compensation; and |
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any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to
dealers. |
If underwriters are used in the sale, the securities will be
acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be
resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including
negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at
varying prices determined at the time of sale. The securities
may be either offered to the public through underwriting
syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by
underwriters without a syndicate. The obligations of the
underwriters to purchase securities will be subject to the
conditions precedent agreed to by the parties and the
underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the securities of
a class or series if any are purchased. Any initial public
offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or
reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
Securities may be sold directly by our company or through agents
designated by our company from time to time. Any agent involved
in the offer or sale of the securities in respect of which this
prospectus is delivered will be named, and any commissions
payable by our company to any agent will be set forth, in the
prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise indicated in the
prospectus supplement, any agent will be acting on a best
efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by
eligible institutions to purchase securities from our company at
the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement
under delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and
delivery on a specified date in the future. The conditions to
these contracts and the commissions payable for solicitation of
these contracts will be set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement.
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Agents and underwriters may be entitled to indemnification by
our company against some civil liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with
respect to payments which the agents or underwriters may be
required to make relating to these liabilities. Agents and
underwriters may be customers of, engage in transactions with,
or perform services for, our company in the ordinary course of
business.
Each class or series of securities other than the common shares
will be a new issue of securities with no established trading
market. Any underwriter may make a market in these securities,
but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any
market making at any time without notice. There may be limited
liquidity in the trading market for any such securities.
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES
We are authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares,
without par value. As of May 6, 2005, there were
142,389,060 common shares outstanding.
Dividend Rights
Holders of our common shares may receive dividends when, as and
if declared by our board on the common shares, subject to the
preferential dividend rights of any other classes or series of
shares of our company. In no event may a dividend be declared or
paid on the common shares if payment of the dividend would cause
the realizable value of our companys assets to be less
than the aggregate of its liabilities and the amount required to
redeem all of the shares having redemption or retraction rights,
which are then outstanding.
Voting and Other Rights
Holders of our common shares are entitled to one vote per share,
and in general, all matters will be determined by a majority of
votes cast.
Election of Directors
All of the directors resign before each annual meeting of
shareholders and are eligible for reelection. Directors are
elected by a majority of votes cast.
Liquidation
In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of
Golden Star, holders of the common shares have the right to a
ratable portion of the assets remaining after payment of
liabilities and liquidation preferences of any preferred shares
or other securities that may then be outstanding.
Redemption
Golden Star common shares are not redeemable or convertible.
Rights Agreement
Rights to purchase our common shares have been issued to holders
of our common shares under a rights agreement between us and
CIBC Mellon Trust Company. One right is attached to each common
share. If the rights become exercisable following the occurrence
of certain specified events, each right will entitle the holder,
within certain limitations, to purchase one common share for
three times the market price of the common shares, subject to
adjustment. In certain events (including when a person or group
becomes the beneficial owner of 20% or more of any class of our
voting shares without complying with the permitted
bid provisions of the rights agreement or without the
approval of our board of directors), exercise of the rights
would entitle the holders of the rights (other than the
acquiring person or group) to acquire our common shares with a
market value equal to twice the exercise price, subject to
adjustment.
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Accordingly, exercise of the rights may cause substantial
dilution to a person who attempts to acquire us. The rights,
which expire at the close of business on the date of our annual
meeting of shareholders in 2007 (unless extended as provided in
the rights agreement), may be redeemed at a price of
Cdn$0.00001 per right at any time until a person or group
has acquired 20% of our common shares, except as otherwise
provided in the rights agreement. The rights agreement may have
certain anti-takeover effects.
Other Provisions
All outstanding common shares are, and the common shares offered
by this prospectus or obtainable on exercise or conversion of
other securities offered hereby, if issued in the manner
described in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus
supplement, will be, fully paid and non-assessable.
You should read the prospectus supplement relating to any
offering of common shares, or of securities convertible,
exchangeable or exercisable for common shares, for the terms of
the offering, including the number of common shares offered, any
initial offering price and market prices relating to the common
shares.
This section is a summary and may not describe every aspect of
our common shares that may be important to you. We urge you to
read our Articles of Arrangement and our bylaws, because they,
and not this description, define your rights as a holder of our
common shares. See Where You Can Find More
Information for information on how to obtain copies of
these documents.
CIBC Mellon Trust Company, The Oceanic Plaza, 1066 West
Hastings Street, Suite 1600, Vancouver, BC V6E 3X1, Canada,
is the transfer agent and registrar for our common shares.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SHARES
We are authorized to issue an unlimited number of preferred
shares, without par value. As of May 6, 2005, there were no
preferred shares outstanding. Preferred shares are issuable in
such classes or series as are determined by the board of
directors, who have the authority to determine the relative
rights and preferences of each such class or series. The board
of directors has not designated any class or series of preferred
shares.
The issuance of preferred shares could adversely affect the
voting power of holders of our common shares, and the likelihood
that preferred holders will receive dividend and liquidation
preferences may have the effect of delaying, deferring or
preventing a change in control of Golden Star, which could
depress the market price of our common shares. Unless otherwise
indicated in the prospectus supplement, all preferred shares to
be issued from time to time under this prospectus will be fully
paid and nonassessable.
The prospectus supplement relating to the preferred shares
offered will contain a description of the specific terms of that
series as fixed by our board of directors, including, as
applicable:
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the number of preferred shares offered and the offering price of
the preferred shares; |
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the title and stated value of the preferred shares; |
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the dividend rate(s), period(s) and/or payment date(s) or
method(s) of calculation of such rates, periods or dates
applicable to the preferred shares; |
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the date from which dividends on the preferred shares will
accumulate, if applicable; |
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the liquidation rights of the preferred shares; |
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the procedures for auction and remarketing, if any, of the
preferred shares; |
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the sinking fund provisions, if applicable, for the preferred
shares; |
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the redemption provisions, if applicable, for the preferred
shares; |
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whether the preferred shares will be convertible into or
exchangeable for other securities and, if so, the terms and
conditions of the conversion or exchange, including the
conversion price or exchange ratio and the conversion or
exchange period (or the method of determining the same); |
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whether the preferred shares will have voting rights and the
terms of any voting rights, if any; |
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whether the preferred shares will be listed on any securities
exchange; |
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whether the preferred shares will be issued with any other
securities and, if so, the amount and terms of these
securities; and |
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any other specific terms, preferences or rights of, or
limitations or restrictions on, the preferred shares. |
The applicable prospectus supplement will also contain a
discussion of the material United States federal income tax
considerations relevant to the purchase and ownership of the
preferred shares offered by the prospectus supplement.
The transfer agent for each series of preferred shares will be
described in the prospectus supplement.
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
At May 6, 2005, there were two series of warrants
outstanding to purchase a total of 8,833,334 million common
shares as follows:
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Amount | |
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Exercise | |
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Issued with: |
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Date Issued | |
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Outstanding | |
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Price | |
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Term | |
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Expiration Date | |
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Broker warrants
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July 24, 2002 |
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385,000 |
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Cdn$ |
2.28 |
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2 years |
(1) |
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July 24, 2005 |
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Equity offering
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February 14, 2003 |
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8,448,334 |
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Cdn$ |
4.60 |
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4 years |
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February 14, 2007 |
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Total
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8,833,334 |
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(1) |
The July 24, 2002 broker warrants are exercisable during a
two-year period beginning July 24, 2003. |
The warrants issued in conjunction with the February 14,
2003 equity offering are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange
under the symbol GSC.WT.A. There is no public market for our
other warrants.
We may issue warrants for the purchase of debt securities,
preferred shares, common shares or units consisting of any
combination of the foregoing securities. Each series of warrants
will be issued under a separate warrant agreement. The
applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the
warrants offered, including but not limited to the following:
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the number of warrants offered; |
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the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued; |
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the currency or currencies in which the prices of the warrants
may be payable; |
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the securities for which the warrants are exercisable; |
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whether the warrants will be issued with any other securities
and, if so, the amount and terms of these securities; |
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the amount of securities purchasable upon exercise of each
warrant and the price at which and the currency or currencies in
which the securities may be purchased upon such exercise, and
the events or conditions under which the amount of securities
may be subject to adjustment; |
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the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall
commence and the date on which such right shall expire; |
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the circumstances, if any, which will cause the warrants to be
deemed to be automatically exercised; |
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any material risk factors relating to such warrants; |
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if applicable, the identity of the warrant agent; and |
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any other terms of such warrants. |
Prior to the exercise of any warrants, holders of such warrants
will not have any rights of holders of the securities
purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive
payments of dividends, or the right to vote such underlying
securities.
Prospective purchasers of warrants should be aware that special
United States federal income tax, accounting and other
considerations may be applicable to instruments such as
warrants. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe
such considerations, to the extent they are material, as they
apply generally to purchasers of such warrants.
DESCRIPTION OF CONVERTIBLE DEBT SECURITIES
This prospectus describes certain general terms and provisions
of our convertible debt securities to be issued in the future.
When we offer to sell a particular series of convertible debt
securities, we will describe the specific terms of the series in
a supplement to this prospectus.
The debt securities will be issued under an indenture between us
and a duly qualified financial institution, as trustee. Unless
otherwise specified in a supplement to this prospectus, the debt
securities will be our direct, senior unsecured obligations and
will rank equally with all of our other senior unsecured
indebtedness. We have summarized select portions of the
indenture below. The summary may not contain all the terms that
are important to you. You should read the form of the indenture
that has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement
of which this prospectus is a part. Capitalized terms used in
the summary have the meanings specified in the indenture.
General
The terms of each series of debt securities will be established
by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and set
forth or determined in the manner provided in an officers
certificate or by a supplemental indenture. The particular terms
of each series of debt securities will be described in a
prospectus supplement relating to such series.
The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that
we may issue under the indenture. The debt securities may be
issued in one or more series with the same or various
maturities, at par, at a premium, or at a discount. We will set
forth in a prospectus supplement relating to any series of debt
securities being offered, the aggregate principal amount, prices
and terms of the debt securities. These terms may include:
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the title of the debt securities; |
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the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal
amount) at which we will sell the debt securities; |
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any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt
securities; |
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the date or dates on which we will pay the principal on the debt
securities; |
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the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or
the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any
commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial
index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date
or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on
which interest will commence and be payable and any regular
record date for the interest payable on any interest payment
date; |
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the place or places where principal, premium and interest
payments may be made on the debt securities; |
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the currency or currencies in which the debt securities are
issued and payable; |
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the conversion or exchange provisions applicable to the debt
securities; |
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any mandatory or optional redemption provisions applicable to
the debt securities; |
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any sinking fund or analogous provisions applicable to the debt
securities; |
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the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued,
if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
thereof; |
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whether the debt securities will be issued in the form of
certificated debt securities or global debt securities; |
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the portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other
than the entire principal amount; |
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any provisions relating to any security provided for the debt
securities; |
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any additions or changes to, or deletions from, the events of
default, covenants or acceleration provisions applicable to the
debt securities; |
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the trustee for the series of debt securities and any
depositories, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate
calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt
securities; and |
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any other specific terms of the debt securities, which may
modify or delete any provision of the indenture as it applies to
that series. |
We may issue debt securities that provide for an amount less
than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon
declaration of acceleration of their maturity pursuant to the
terms of the indenture.
If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt
securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign
currency unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium
and interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a
foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or
units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions,
elections, general tax considerations, specific terms and other
information with respect to that issue of debt securities and
such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or
units in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Each debt security will be represented by either one or more
global securities registered in the name of The Depository Trust
Company, as depositary, or a nominee (we will refer to any debt
security represented by a global debt security as a
book-entry debt security), or a certificate issued
in definitive registered form (we will refer to any debt
security represented by a certificated security as a
certificated debt security) as set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement. Except as set forth under the
heading Book-Entry Debt Securities below, debt
securities will not be issuable in certificated form.
Book-Entry Debt Securities
Each global debt security representing book-entry debt
securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, the
depositary, and registered in the name of the depositary or a
nominee of the depositary. The depositary has indicated it
intends to follow the following procedures with respect to
book-entry debt securities.
Ownership of beneficial interests in book-entry debt securities
will be limited to persons that have accounts with the
depositary for the related global debt security, which we refer
to as participants, or persons that may hold interests through
participants. Upon the issuance of a global debt security, the
depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and
transfer system, the participants accounts with the
respective principal amounts of the book-entry debt securities
represented by such global debt security beneficially owned by
such participants. The accounts to be credited will be
designated by any dealers, underwriters or agents participating
in the distribution of the book-entry debt securities. Ownership
of book-entry debt securities will be shown on, and the transfer
of such ownership interests will be effected
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only through, records maintained by the depositary for the
related global debt security (with respect to interests of
participants) and on the records of participants (with respect
to interests of persons holding through participants). The laws
of some states may require that certain purchasers of securities
take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form.
These laws may impair the ability to own, transfer or pledge
beneficial interests in book-entry debt securities.
So long as the depositary for a global debt security, or its
nominee, is the registered owner of that global debt security,
the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, will be
considered the sole owner or holder of the book-entry debt
securities represented by such global debt security for all
purposes under the indenture. Except as described below,
beneficial owners of book-entry debt securities will not be
entitled to have securities registered in their names, will not
receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of a
certificate in definitive form representing securities and will
not be considered the owners or holders of those securities
under the indenture. Accordingly, each person beneficially
owning book-entry debt securities must rely on the procedures of
the depositary for the related global debt security and, if such
person is not a participant, on the procedures of the
participant through which such person owns its interest, to
exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture.
We understand, however, that under existing industry practice,
the depositary will authorize the persons on whose behalf it
holds a global debt security to exercise certain rights of
holders of debt securities, and the indenture provides that we,
the trustee and our respective agents will treat as the holder
of a debt security the persons specified in a written statement
of the depositary with respect to that global debt security for
purposes of obtaining any consents or directions required to be
given by holders of the debt securities pursuant to the
indenture.
We will make payments of principal of, and premium and interest
on, book-entry debt securities to the depositary or its nominee,
as the case may be, as the registered holder of the related
global debt security. Golden Star, the trustee and any other
agent of ours or agent of the trustee will not have any
responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records
relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership
interests in a global debt security or for maintaining,
supervising or reviewing any records relating to beneficial
ownership interests.
We expect that the depositary, upon receipt of any payment of
principal of, or premium or interest on, a global debt security,
will immediately credit participants accounts with
payments in amounts proportionate to the respective amounts of
book-entry debt securities held by each participant as shown on
the records of such depositary. We also expect that payments by
participants to owners of beneficial interests in book-entry
debt securities held through those participants will be governed
by standing customer instructions and customary practices, as is
now the case with the securities held for the accounts of
customers in bearer form or registered in street
name, and will be the responsibility of those participants.
We will issue certificated debt securities in exchange for each
global debt security if the depositary is at any time unwilling
or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing
agency registered under the Exchange Act, and a successor
depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange
Act is not appointed by us within 90 days. In addition, we
may at any time and in our sole discretion determine not to have
the book-entry debt securities of any series represented by one
or more global debt securities and, in that event, will issue
certificated debt securities in exchange for the global debt
securities of that series. Global debt securities will also be
exchangeable by the holders for certificated debt securities if
an event of default with respect to the book-entry debt
securities represented by those global debt securities has
occurred and is continuing. Any certificated debt securities
issued in exchange for a global debt security will be registered
in such name or names as the depositary shall instruct the
trustee. We expect that such instructions will be based upon
directions received by the depositary from participants with
respect to ownership of book-entry debt securities relating to
such global debt security.
We have obtained the foregoing information concerning the
depositary and the depositarys book-entry system from
sources we believe to be reliable, but we take no responsibility
for the accuracy of this information.
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Certificated Debt Securities
Transfer or Exchange of Certificated Debt Securities. You
may transfer or exchange certificated debt securities at any
office we maintain for this purpose in accordance with the terms
of the indenture. No service charge will be made for any
transfer or exchange of certificated debt securities, but we may
require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge payable in connection with a transfer or
exchange.
You may effect the transfer of certificated debt securities and
the right to receive the principal of, premium and interest on
certificated debt securities only by surrendering the
certificate representing those certificated debt securities and
either reissuance by us or the trustee of the certificate to the
new holder or the issuance by us or the trustee of a new
certificate to the new holder.
No Protection In the Event of a Change of Control
Unless we state otherwise in the applicable prospectus
supplement, the debt securities will not contain any provisions
which may afford holders of the debt securities protection in
the event we have a change in control or in the event of a
highly leveraged transaction (whether or not such transaction
results in a change in control) which could adversely affect
holders of debt securities.
Covenants
We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement any
restrictive covenants applicable to any issue of debt
securities. Unless otherwise provided in the applicable
prospectus supplement, the following covenant will apply to all
debt securities.
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Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets |
We may not, unless the terms of debt securities provide
otherwise, consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey,
transfer or lease all or substantially all of our properties and
assets to, any person, which we refer to as a successor person,
unless:
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we are the surviving corporation, or the surviving entity (if
other than Golden Star) or the acquiror of our properties and
assets is a corporation organized and validly existing under the
laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly
assumes our obligations under the debt securities and the
indenture; |
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immediately prior to and after giving effect to the transaction,
no default or event of default, and no event which, after notice
or lapse of time, or both, would become an event of default,
shall have occurred and be continuing under the indenture; and |
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certain other conditions are met. |
Events of Default
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus
supplement, the indenture defines an event of default with
respect to any series of debt securities, as one or more of the
following:
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default in the payment of any interest upon any debt security of
that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of
that default for a period of 30 days; |
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default in the payment of principal of any debt security of that
series when due and payable; |
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an event of default occurs and is continuing, or the failure by
us to comply with any of the agreements contained in the debt
securities of that series or the indenture (other than a
covenant or warranty that has been included in the indenture
solely for the benefit of a series of debt securities other than
that series), which default continues uncured for a period of
60 days after we receive written notice from the trustee or
from the holders of not less than 50% in principal amount of the
outstanding debt securities of that series as provided in the
indenture; |
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certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of
our company; and |
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any other event of default provided with respect to debt
securities of that series that is described in the applicable
prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus. |
No event of default with respect to a particular series of debt
securities (except as to certain events of bankruptcy,
insolvency or reorganization) necessarily constitutes an event
of default with respect to any other series of debt securities.
The occurrence of an event of default may constitute an event of
default under our bank credit agreements in existence from time
to time. In addition, the occurrence of certain events of
default or an acceleration under the indenture may constitute an
event of default under certain of our other indebtedness
outstanding from time to time.
If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any
series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, then
the trustee or the holders of not less than 50% in principal
amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, by
a notice in writing to us (and to the trustee if given by the
holders), declare to be due and payable immediately the
principal (or, if the debt securities of that series are
discount securities, that portion of the principal amount as may
be specified in the terms of that series) of and accrued and
unpaid interest, if any, on all debt securities of that series.
In the case of an event of default resulting from certain events
of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, the principal (or
such lesser amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any,
on all outstanding debt securities will become and be
immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act
on the part of the trustee or any holder of outstanding debt
securities. At any time after a declaration of acceleration with
respect to debt securities of any series has been made, but
before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has
been obtained by the trustee, the holders of a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that
series may rescind the acceleration if all events of default,
other than the non-payment of accelerated principal and
interest, if any, with respect to debt securities of that
series, have been cured or waived as provided in the indenture.
We refer you to the prospectus supplement relating to any series
of debt securities that are discount securities for the
particular provisions relating to acceleration of a portion of
the principal amount of such discount securities upon the
occurrence of an event of default.
Subject to certain rights of the trustee, the holders of a
majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities
of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to
the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the
trustee with respect to the debt securities of that series. The
indenture provides that the trustee will be under no obligation
to exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture at
the request of any holder of outstanding debt securities if the
request conflicts with law or the indenture, is unduly
prejudicial to the rights of another holder of debt securities
of that series, or may involve the trustee in personal liability.
No holder of any debt security of any series will have any right
to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect
to the indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or
trustee, or for any remedy under the indenture, unless:
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that holder has previously given to the trustee written notice
of a continuing event of default with respect to debt securities
of that series; and |
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the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the
outstanding debt securities of that series have made written
request, and offered reasonable indemnity, to the trustee to
institute the proceeding as trustee, and the trustee has not
received from the holders of a majority in principal amount of
the outstanding debt securities of that series a direction
inconsistent with that request and has failed to institute the
proceeding within 60 days. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the holder of any debt
securitys right to receive payment of the principal of,
premium and any interest on that debt security on or after the
due dates expressed in that debt security and to institute suit
for the enforcement of payment shall not be impaired or affected
without the consent of the holder.
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The indenture requires us, within 120 days after the end of
our fiscal year, to furnish to the trustee a statement as to
compliance with the indenture. The indenture provides that the
trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of
any series of any default or event of default (except in payment
on any debt securities of that series) with respect to debt
securities of that series if it in good faith determines that
withholding notice is in the interest of the holders of those
debt securities.
Modification and Waiver
Golden Star and the trustee as to any series of debt securities
may modify and amend the indenture with the consent of the
holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the
outstanding debt securities of each series affected by the
modifications or amendments. The holders of at least a majority
in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of the series
affected may also waive compliance in a particular instance with
any provision of the indenture. Nevertheless, in no event may a
modification, amendment or waiver, without the consent of the
holders of each series of affected debt security then
outstanding:
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reduce the amount of debt securities whose holders must consent
to an amendment or waiver; |
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reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the
payment of a sinking fund or analogous provision; |
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reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest
(including default interest) on any debt security; |
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reduce the principal of or premium on or change the fixed
maturity of any debt security or waive a redemption payment or
alter the redemption provisions with respect thereto; |
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make the principal of or premium or interest on any debt
security payable in a currency other than that stated in the
debt security; |
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reduce the principal amount of original issue discount
securities payable upon acceleration of maturity; |
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make any change to certain provisions of the indenture relating
to, among other things, the right of holders of debt securities
to receive payment of the principal of, premium and interest on
those debt securities and to institute suit for the enforcement
of any such payment and to waivers or amendments; or |
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waive a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or
interest on any debt security (except a rescission of
acceleration of the debt securities of any series by the holders
of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then
outstanding debt securities of that series and a waiver of the
payment default that resulted from such acceleration). |
Subject to the limitations discussed above, the holders of a
majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities
of any series may on behalf of the holders of all the debt
securities of such series waive any existing or past default or
event of default under the indenture with respect to that series
and its consequences, except a default or event of default in
the payment of the principal of, premium or any interest on any
debt security of that series or in respect of a covenant or
provision which cannot be modified or amended without the
consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of the
series affected; provided, however, that the holders of a
majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities
of any series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences,
including any related payment default that resulted from the
acceleration.
Defeasance of Debt Securities and Certain Covenants in
Certain Circumstances
Legal Defeasance. The indenture provides that, unless
otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt
securities, we may be discharged from any and all obligations in
respect of the debt securities of any series (except for certain
obligations to register the transfer or exchange of debt
securities of such series, to replace stolen, lost or mutilated
debt securities of such series, and to maintain
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paying agencies and certain provisions relating to the treatment
of funds held by paying agents). We will be so discharged upon
the deposit with the trustee, in trust, of money and/or United
States government obligations or, in the case of debt securities
denominated in a single currency other than United States
dollars, foreign government obligations, that, through the
payment of interest and principal in accordance with their
terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion
of a nationally recognized firm of independent public
accountants to pay and discharge each installment of principal,
premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments
in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated
maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the
indenture and those debt securities.
This discharge may occur only if, among other things, we have
delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect
that the holders of the debt securities of that series will not
recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income
tax purposes as a result of the deposit, defeasance and
discharge and will be subject to United States federal income
tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same
times as would have been the case if the deposit, defeasance and
discharge had not occurred.
Covenant Defeasance. The indenture provides that, unless
otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt
securities, upon compliance with certain conditions:
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we may omit to comply with the covenant described under the
heading Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets and
certain other covenants set forth in the indenture, as well as
any additional covenants which may be set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement; and |
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any omission to comply with those covenants will not constitute
a default or an event of default with respect to the debt
securities of that series, or an event of covenant defeasance. |
The conditions include:
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depositing with the trustee money and/or United States
government obligations or, in the case of debt securities
denominated in a single currency other than United States
dollars, foreign government obligations, that, through the
payment of interest and principal in accordance with their
terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion
of a nationally recognized firm of independent public
accountants to pay and discharge each installment of principal
of, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund
payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the
stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms
of the indenture and those debt securities; and |
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delivering to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect
that the holders of the debt securities of that series will not
recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income
tax purposes as a result of the deposit and related covenant
defeasance and will be subject to United States federal income
tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same
times as would have been the case if the deposit and related
covenant defeasance had not occurred. |
Covenant Defeasance and Events of Default. In the event
we exercise our option to effect covenant defeasance with
respect to any series of debt securities, and the debt
securities of that series are declared due and payable because
of the occurrence of any event of default, the amount of money
and/or United States government obligations or foreign
government obligations on deposit with the trustee will be
sufficient to pay amounts due on the debt securities of that
series at the time of their stated maturity but may not be
sufficient to pay amounts due on the debt securities of that
series at the time of the acceleration resulting from the event
of default. However, we shall remain liable for those payments.
For purposes of this discussion, foreign government
obligations means, with respect to debt securities of any
series that are denominated in a currency other than United
States dollars:
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direct obligations of the government that issued or caused to be
issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its
full faith and credit is pledged which are not callable or
redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof; or |
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obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as
an agency or instrumentality of that government the timely
payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith
and credit obligation by that government which are not callable
or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof. |
Federal Income Tax Consequences and Other Special
Considerations
We will provide you with information on the federal income tax
and other special considerations applicable to any of these debt
securities in the applicable prospectus supplement.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
Our ratio of earnings to fixed charges is as follows for the
period indicated:
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Three Months | |
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Ended | |
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Fiscal Year Ended December 31 | |
March 31, | |
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2005 | |
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2000 | |
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2001 | |
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2002 | |
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2003 | |
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2004 | |
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(1) |
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(1) |
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(1) |
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16 |
x |
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93 |
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7 |
x |
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(1) |
For fiscal years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001 and the
three months ended March 31, 2005, earnings were
insufficient to cover fixed charges. |
We have computed the ratio of fixed charges by dividing earnings
by fixed charges. For this purpose, earnings consist
of income/(loss) from operations before income tax, minority
interest adjustments and changes in accounting principles and
fixed charges, and fixed charges consists of the
interest portion of rental expense and interest incurred. Please
refer to Exhibit 12 filed with the registration statement
of which this prospectus constitutes a part for additional
information regarding the ratio of earnings to cover fixed
charges.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
We have entered into agreements with our directors and officers
indemnifying such directors and officers to the extent permitted
by the Canada Business Corporations Act, or CBCA, and our
by-laws. Our by-laws provide that we will indemnify any such
person in such circumstances as the CBCA or law permits or
requires.
Our ability to indemnify our directors and officers is governed
by section 124 of the CBCA. Under this provision, we may
indemnify a director or officer, a former director or officer or
another individual who acts or acted at our request as a
director or officer or in a similar capacity, of another entity
(the individual) against all costs, charges, and
expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or
satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by the individual in
respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or
other proceeding in which the individual is involved by reason
of their association with us or such other entity. However, we
may not indemnify an individual unless the individual:
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a. acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best
interests of our or such other entity for which the individual
acted as director or officer or in a similar capacity at our
request, as the case may be; and |
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b. in the case of criminal or administrative action or
proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, the
individual had reasonable grounds for believing that the
individuals conduct was lawful. |
We may advance funds to a director, officer or other individual
for the costs, charges and expenses of a proceeding referred to
above. The individual shall repay the amount advanced if the
individual does not fulfill the conditions of sections
(a) and (b) above.
With the approval of a court, we may indemnify an individual, or
advance funds, in respect of an action by or on our behalf or by
or on behalf of another entity to procure a judgment in our
favor to which
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the individual is made a party because of the individuals
association with us or such other entity against all costs,
charges and expenses reasonably incurred by the individual in
connection with such action if the individual fulfills the
conditions in clauses (a) and (b) above.
In addition to the right to indemnification set forth in the
agreements with our directors and our by-laws, the CBCA provides
that an individual is entitled to indemnification from us in
respect of all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred
by the individual in connection with the defense of any civil,
criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding to
which the individual is subject because of the individuals
association with us or such other entity, if the individual
seeking indemnity:
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a. was not judged by the court of other competent authority
to have committed any fault or omitted to do anything that the
individual ought to have done; and |
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b. fulfills the conditions set out in clauses (a) and
(b) above. |
We maintain a directors and officers liability
insurance policy which insures directors and officers for losses
as a result of claims based upon the acts or omissions of our
directors and officers, including liabilities arising under the
Securities Act, and also reimburses us for payments made
pursuant to the indemnity provisions under the CBCA.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or
persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing
provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion
of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification
is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and
is therefore unenforceable.
LEGAL MATTERS
Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP of Toronto, Ontario, has provided
its opinion on the validity of the securities offered by this
prospectus.
EXPERTS
The financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by
reference from our Annual Report on
Form 10-K, as
amended, for the year ended December 31, 2004 have been so
incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers
LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said
firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
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