Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-126741
PROSPECTUS
GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD.
17,777,777 Common Shares
The common shares covered by this prospectus are issuable upon conversion of senior convertible notes issued by Golden Star on April 15, 2005. As of the date of this prospectus, the notes are owned by the selling shareholders listed on page 19. We are registering the common shares in order to permit the selling shareholders to offer the shares for resale from time to time.
For additional information on the selling shareholders, the common shares owned by the selling shareholders and the methods of sale, you should refer to the sections entitled Selling Shareholders and Plan of Distribution.
Our common shares are traded on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol GSS and the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol GSC.
References in this Prospectus to $ are to United States dollars. Canadian dollars are indicated by the symbol Cdn$.
This prospectus may not be used to offer and sell securities unless accompanied by the applicable prospectus supplement.
The securities offered in this prospectus involve a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the matters set forth in Risk Factors beginning on page 7 of this prospectus in determining whether to purchase our securities.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved these securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is August 15, 2005.
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You should rely only on information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Neither we nor the selling shareholders have authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained or incorporated in this prospectus.
Neither we nor the selling shareholders are making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offering is not permitted.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and file annual, quarterly and periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. The SEC maintains a web site (http://www.sec.gov) on which our reports, proxy statements and other information are made available. Such reports, proxy statements and other information may also be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference facilities.
We have filed with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form S-3, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which constitutes part of the Registration Statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, certain parts of which have been omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Reference is hereby made to the Registration Statement and the exhibits to the Registration Statement for further information with respect to our company and the securities.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference our publicly filed reports into this prospectus, which means that information included in those reports is considered part of this prospectus. Information that we file with the SEC after the date of this prospectus will automatically update and supersede the information contained in this prospectus and in prior reports. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings made with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act until all of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus have been sold.
The following documents filed with the SEC are incorporated by reference in this prospectus:
1. | Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended on Form 10-K/A, for the year ended December 31, 2004; | |||
2. | Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005; | |||
3. | Reports on Form 8-K filed February 2, February 4, April 11, April 19 and May 5, 2005; and | |||
4. | Our Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed June 18, 2002, which contains a description of our capital stock. |
We will furnish without charge to you, on written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the above documents, other than exhibits to such documents which are not specifically incorporated by reference therein. You should direct any requests for documents to Investor Relations, Golden Star Resources Ltd., 10901 West Toller Drive, Suite 300, Littleton, Colorado, 80127-6312, telephone (303) 830-9000.
The information relating to us contained in this prospectus is not comprehensive and should be read together with the information contained in the incorporated documents. Descriptions contained in the incorporated documents as to the contents of any contract or other document may not contain all of the information which is of interest to you. You should refer to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to our filings.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
In this prospectus or in documents incorporated herein by reference, we use the terms total cash cost per ounce and cash operating cost per ounce. Total cash cost per ounce and cash operating cost per ounce should be considered as Non-GAAP Financial Measures as defined in SEC Regulation S-K Item 10 and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are material limitations associated with the use of such non-GAAP measures. Since these measures do not incorporate revenues, changes in working capital and non-operating cash costs, they are not necessarily indicative of operating profit or cash flow from operations as determined under GAAP. Changes in numerous factors including, but not limited to, mining rates, milling rates, gold grade, gold recovery, and the costs of labor, consumables and mine site general and administrative activities can cause these measures to increase or decrease. We believe that these measures are the same or similar to the measures of other gold mining companies, but may not be comparable to similarly titled measures in every instance. See Item 7 Managements Discussion and Analysis in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for an explanation of these measures.
STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus contain forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, with respect to our financial condition, results of operations, business, prospects, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, capital expenditure, and exploration and development efforts. Words such as anticipates, expects, intends, plans, believes, seeks, estimates, may, will, and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot be certain that these plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. Actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those contemplated, expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. These statements include comments regarding: the establishment and estimates of mineral reserves and resources, production, production commencement dates, productions costs, cash operating costs, total cash costs, grade, processing capacity, potential mine life, feasibility studies, development costs, expenditures, exploration, our expansion plans for Bogoso/Prestea and our production goals at Wassa.
The following, in addition to the factors described in Risk Factors in the accompanying prospectus supplement, are among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements:
| unexpected changes in business, legal, regulatory and economic conditions; | |||
| significant increases or decreases in gold prices; | |||
| changes in interest and currency exchange rates; | |||
| timing and amount of production; | |||
| unanticipated grade changes; | |||
| unanticipated recovery or production problems; | |||
| effects of illegal miners on our properties; | |||
| changes in mining and milling costs; | |||
| mining, metallurgy, processing, access, availability of materials and equipment, transportation of supplies and availability of utilities, including water and power; | |||
| changes in project parameters; | |||
| costs and timing of development of new reserves; | |||
| results of current and future exploration activities; | |||
| results of pending and future feasibility studies; | |||
| joint venture relationships; |
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| political or economic instability, either globally or in the countries in which we operate; | |||
| local and community impacts and issues; | |||
| availability, terms, conditions and timing of receipt of government approvals and permits; | |||
| accidents and labor disputes; | |||
| environmental costs and risks; | |||
| competitive factors, including competition for property acquisitions; and | |||
| availability of capital at reasonable rates or at all. |
These factors are not intended to represent a complete list of the general or specific factors that may affect us. We may note additional factors elsewhere in this prospectus, in an accompanying prospectus supplement and in any documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the related prospectus supplement. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements.
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OUR BUSINESS
We are a Canadian international gold mining and exploration company headquartered in Littleton, Colorado, a suburb of Denver, Colorado and producing gold in Ghana, West Africa. Through our subsidiaries and joint ventures we own a controlling interest in four significant gold properties in Southern Ghana: the Bogoso property (Bogoso), the Prestea property (Prestea), the Wassa property (Wassa) and the Prestea Underground property (Prestea Underground). Bogoso and Prestea are adjoining properties, operating as a single operation and referred to as (Bogoso/Prestea). Bogoso/Prestea and the Prestea Underground are owned by our 90% owned subsidiary, Bogoso Gold Limited (BGL). In 2004, 147,875 ounces of gold were sold by Bogoso/Prestea, which has produced essentially all of our gold since we became a gold producer in late 1999.
Through a 90% owned subsidiary, we own the Wassa gold property, located some 35 kilometers east of Bogoso/Prestea. The newly constructed ore processing plant and open pit mine at Wassa was completed and placed in service on April 1, 2005 and currently processes a mixture of newly mined ore from the open pit mine and heap leach materials left by a former owner. We expect production of approximately 100,000 to 120,000 ounces from this operation during 2005. The open pit is expected to become the sole source of mill feed beginning in 2006 after all of the heap leach material has been processed.
The Prestea Underground is located on the Prestea property and consists of a currently inactive underground gold mine and associated support facilities. As of March 31, 2005, BGL owned an approximately 90% operating interest in this mine. We are currently conducting exploration and engineering studies to determine if the underground mine can be reactivated on a profitable basis.
We hold an interest in an exploration joint venture, managed by our joint venture partner, in Sierra Leone in West Africa and hold active exploration properties in Ghana, Suriname and French Guiana. We hold interests in gold exploration properties in Peru and Chile through our affiliate Goldmin Holdings, and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo through an investment in Moto Goldmines Limited.
Our corporate headquarters are located at 10901 West Toller Drive, Suite 300, Littleton, Colorado 80127 and our telephone number is (303) 830-9000.
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RISK FACTORS
An investment in the securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider the following discussion of risks in addition to the other information in this prospectus before purchasing any of the securities. In addition to historical information, the information in this prospectus contains forward-looking statements about our future business and performance. Our actual operating results and financial performance may be very different from what we expect as of the date of this prospectus. The risks below address material factors that may affect our future operating results and financial performance.
Financial Risks
A substantial or extended decline in gold prices would have a material adverse effect on our company.
The price of our common shares, our financial results and our exploration, development and mining activities have previously been, and would in the future be, significantly adversely affected by a substantial or extended decline in the price of gold. The price of gold is volatile and is affected by numerous factors beyond our control such as the sale or purchase of gold by various central banks and financial institutions, inflation or deflation, fluctuation in the value of the United States dollar and foreign currencies, global and regional demand, and the political and economic conditions of major gold-producing countries throughout the world. Any drop in the price of gold adversely impacts our revenues, profits and cash flows. In particular, a sustained low gold price could:
| cause suspension of our mining operations at Bogoso-Prestea and Wassa if such operations become uneconomic at the then-prevailing gold price, thus further reducing revenues; | |||
| cause us to be unable to fulfill our obligations under our agreements with our partners or under our permits and licenses which could cause us to lose our interests in, or be forced to sell, some of our properties; | |||
| halt or delay the development of new projects; and | |||
| reduce funds available for exploration, with the result that depleted reserves are not replaced. |
Furthermore, the need to reassess the feasibility of any of our projects because of declining gold prices could cause substantial delays or might interrupt operations until the reassessment can be completed. Mineral reserve calculations and life-of-mine plans using significantly lower gold prices could result in reduced estimates of mineral reserves and non-reserve mineral resources and in material write-downs of our investment in mining properties and increased amortization, reclamation and closure charges.
We may incur substantial losses in the future that could make financing our operations and business strategy more difficult.
We had a net loss of $1.4 million in the first quarter of 2005 and annual earnings of $2.6 million, $22.0 million and $4.9 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. We reported net losses of $20.6 million in 2001, $14.9 million in 2000, and $24.4 million in 1999. Numerous factors, including declining gold prices, lower than expected ore grades or higher than expected operating costs, and impairment write-offs of mine property and/or exploration property costs, could cause us to become unprofitable in the future. Any future operating losses could make financing our operations and our business strategy, or raising additional capital, difficult or impossible and could materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
Our obligations could strain our financial position and impede our business strategy.
We have total consolidated debts and liabilities as of March 31, 2005 of $35.7 million, including $9.7 million payable to financial institutions, $16.1 million of current trade payables and accrued current liabilities and
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an $8.9 million accrual for environmental rehabilitation liabilities. For additional information on our environmental rehabilitation liabilities, see note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our most recently completed fiscal year and any subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for our most recently completed fiscal quarter. In addition, in April 2005, we sold $50 million of senior convertible notes, maturing on April 15, 2009 now held by the selling shareholders under this registration statement. We expect that our indebtedness and other liabilities will increase as a result of our corporate development activities. These liabilities could have important consequences, including the following:
| increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; | |||
| limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, operating and exploration costs and other general corporate requirements; | |||
| requiring us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to make debt service payments, which would reduce our ability to fund working capital, capital expenditures, operating and exploration costs and other general corporate requirements; | |||
| limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry; and | |||
| placing us at a disadvantage when compared to our competitors that have less debt relative to their market capitalization. |
Our estimates of mineral reserves and non-reserves could be inaccurate, which could cause production and costs to differ from estimates.
There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating proven and probable mineral reserves and measured, indicated and inferred mineral resources, including many factors beyond our control. The accuracy of estimates of mineral reserves and non-reserves is a function of the quantity and quality of available data and of the assumptions made and judgments used in engineering and geological interpretation, which could prove to be unreliable. These estimates of mineral reserves and non-reserves may not be accurate, and mineral reserves and non-reserves may not be able to be mined or processed profitably.
Fluctuation in gold prices, results of drilling, metallurgical testing and production and the evaluation of mine plans subsequent to the date of any estimate could require revision of the estimate. The volume and grade of mineral reserves mined and processed and recovery rates might not be the same as currently anticipated. Any material reductions in estimates of our mineral reserves and non-reserves, or of our ability to extract these mineral reserves and non-reserves, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We currently have only two major sources of operational cash flows, which will likely be insufficient to fund our continuing exploration and development activities.
While we have received significant infusions of cash from sales of equity, our only current significant internal sources of funds are operational cash flows from Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa. The newly constructed Wassa processing plant and open pit mine was completed and placed in service on April 1, 2005 and currently processes through the mill a mixture of ore from the open pit and materials from the prior owners heap leach pads. Production at Wassa is expected to range between 100,000 ounces and 120,000 ounces in 2005 and to increase to average approximately 140,000 ounces per year after 2005. However, our Wassa production goals may not be achieved. The anticipated continuing exploration and development of our properties will require significant expenditures over the next several years. We expect that these expenditures will exceed free cash flows generated by Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa during that period, and therefore we expect to use our excess cash and in the future to require additional outside capital. Lower gold prices during the five years prior to 2002 adversely affected our ability to obtain financing, and recurring lower gold prices could have similar effects in the future. In the future, we may not be able to obtain adequate financing on acceptable terms. If we are unable to
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obtain additional financing, we might need to delay or indefinitely postpone further exploration and development of our properties, and as a result, we could lose our interest in, or could be forced to sell, some of our properties.
Implementation of a hedging program might be unsuccessful and incur losses.
We do not intend to hedge our gold production in a manner that limits the upside potential of gold price increases.
However, as required in a loan agreement, one of our subsidiaries has entered into gold derivative positions designed to stabilize its expected royalty revenues received from the gold royalty payer. The derivative limits both the upside of the royalty revenues and the down side. While there is a risk of loss if the derivative positions were to be liquidated early and during a period of unfavorable gold prices, loan covenants prohibit liquidation of the position prior to the end of the loan repayment.
We have purchased and expect to continue to purchase puts from time to time during the construction phase of a new processing plant in Ghana, which give us the right but not the obligation to sell gold in the future at a fixed price. While puts do not limit the upside potential of higher gold prices, early liquidation of puts during a period of unfavorable gold prices could result in a loss.
We continue to review whether or not, in light of the potential for gold prices to fall, it would be appropriate to establish a more general hedging program. To date, we have decided not to implement a more general hedging program on gold production from our own properties.
We are subject to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could materially adversely affect our financial position.
Our revenues are in United States dollars, and we maintain most of our working capital in United States dollars or United States dollar-denominated securities. We typically convert our United States funds to foreign currencies as payment obligations become due. Accordingly, we are subject to fluctuations in the rates of currency exchange between the United States dollar and these currencies, and such fluctuations could materially affect our financial position and results of operations. A significant portion of the operating costs at Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa is based on the Ghanaian currency, the Cedi. We are required to convert into Cedis only 20% of the foreign exchange proceeds that we receive from selling gold, but the Government of Ghana could require us to convert a higher percentage of such sales proceeds into Cedis in the future. In addition, we currently have future obligations that are payable in Euros, and receivables collectible in Euros. We obtain construction and other services and materials and supplies from providers in South Africa and other countries. The costs of goods and services could increase due to changes in the value of the United States dollar or the Cedi, the South African Rand or other currencies, such as the recent decrease in the value of the United States dollar relative to other currencies. In addition, such changes may increase the salary costs of expatriate employees who are currently paid in United States dollars. Consequently, operation and development of our properties might be more costly than we anticipate. While we have not hedged against currency exchange risks in the past, we have already and expect to purchase South African Rand forward contracts in the near future to hedge the expected purchase of capital assets in South Africa in connection with the Bogoso sulfide expansion project and may engage in additional hedges in the future. Implementation of a currency hedging program may not adequately protect us from the effects of fluctuation in currency exchange rates.
Risks inherent in acquisitions that we might undertake could adversely affect our current business and financial condition and our growth.
We are actively pursuing the acquisition of producing, development and advanced stage exploration properties and companies, and have recently completed the acquisition and joint venture of exploration and
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development properties in Ghana and Sierra Leone. The search for attractive acquisition opportunities and the completion of suitable transactions are time consuming and expensive and diverts management attention from our existing business and may be unsuccessful, as was our recent bid for IAMGold. As our operations to date have focused on a single property in Ghana, any acquisition that we may choose to complete may change the scale of our business and operations, and may expose us to new geographic, political, operating, financial and geological risks. Our success in our acquisition activities depends on our ability to complete acquisitions on acceptable terms and integrate the acquired operations successfully with those of our company. Any acquisition would be accompanied by risks. For example, there may be a significant change in commodity prices after we have committed to complete a transaction and established the purchase price or exchange ratio, a material orebody may prove to be below expectations or the acquired business or assets may have unknown liabilities which may be significant. We may lose the services of our key employees or the key employees of any business we acquire or have difficulty integrating our operations and personnel. The integration of an acquired business or assets may disrupt our ongoing business and our relationships with employees, suppliers and contractors. Any one or more of these factors or other risks could cause us not to realize the anticipated benefits of an acquisition of properties or companies, and could have a material adverse effect on our current business and financial condition and on our ability to grow.
We are subject to litigation risks.
All industries, including the mining industry, are subject to legal claims, with and without merit. We are involved in various routine legal proceedings, which include labor matters such as unfair termination claims, supplier matters and property issues incidental to our business, and are subject to a dispute with respect to a portion of our interest in the Prestea Underground. We believe it is unlikely that the final outcome of these legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operation. However, defense and settlement costs can be substantial, even with respect to claims that have no merit. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, the resolution of any particular legal proceeding could have a material effect on our financial position and results of operations.
Operational Risks
The technology, capital costs and cost of production of refractory mineral reserves and non-reserves at Bogoso/Prestea remain subject to a number of uncertainties, including funding uncertainties.
Based upon the completion of our Bogoso sulfide project feasibility study in 2001, the refractory material at Bogoso/Prestea, which is ore that cannot be satisfactorily processed by basic gravity concentration or simple cyanidation, has been included in our proven and probable mineral reserves, which are prepared in accordance with Canadas National Instrument 43-101. While the sulfide project feasibility study indicated that refractory mineral reserves can be profitably mined and processed at current gold prices, the capital cost to upgrade the Bogoso processing plant with a bio-oxidation or BIOX circuit to process refractory ore, together with related mining equipment, and facilities, is significant, and $8.0 million was spent on the project through March 31, 2005. While the processing technology envisioned in the feasibility study has been successfully utilized at other mines and in spite of our testing, engineering and analysis, the technology may not perform successfully at commercial production levels on the Bogoso/Prestea refractory sulfide ores, in which case our production estimates may not be achieved.
We are subject to a number of operational hazards that can delay production or result in liability to us.
Our activities are subject to a number of risks and hazards including:
| environmental hazards; | |||
| discharge of pollutants or hazardous chemicals; |
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| industrial accidents; | |||
| labor disputes and shortages; | |||
| supply and shipping problems and delays; | |||
| shortage of equipment and contractor availability; | |||
| difficulty in applying technology such as bio-oxidation processing; | |||
| unusual or unexpected geological or operating conditions; | |||
| slope failures; | |||
| cave-ins of underground workings; | |||
| failure of pit walls or dams; | |||
| fire; | |||
| changes in the regulatory environment; and | |||
| natural phenomena such as inclement weather conditions, floods and earthquakes. |
These or other occurrences could result in damage to, or destruction of, mineral properties or production facilities, personal injury or death, environmental damage, delays in mining, delayed production, monetary losses and possible legal liability. We could incur liabilities as a result of pollution and other casualties. Satisfying such liabilities could be very costly and could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
Our mining operations are subject to numerous environmental laws, regulations and permitting requirements that can delay production and adversely affect operating and development costs.
Compliance with existing regulations governing the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to environmental protection, in the jurisdictions where we have projects may have a material adverse effect on our exploration activities, results of operations and competitive position. New or expanded regulations, if adopted, could affect the exploration or development of our projects or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our operations.
A significant portion of our recently acquired Dunkwa property and portions of our Wassa property, as well as some of our exploration properties in Ghana, are located within forest reserve areas. Although Dunkwa and Wassa have been identified by the Government of Ghana as eligible for mining permits subject to normal procedures and a site inspection, permits for projects in forest reserve areas may not be issued in a timely fashion, or at all, and such permits may contain special requirements with which it is burdensome or expensive to comply.
Mining and processing gold from the south end of the Prestea property, conversion of the existing Bogoso/ Prestea processing plant to process refractory sulfides and other activities will require mining and other permits from the Government of Ghana. These permits may not be issued on a timely basis or at all, and such permits, when issued, may be subject to requirements or conditions with which it is burdensome or expensive to comply. We have, for example, experienced delay in obtaining environmental permits at Bondaye. Such permitting issues could adversely affect our projected production commencement dates, production amounts and costs.
As a result of the foregoing risks, project expenditures, production quantities and rates and cash operating costs, among other things, could be materially and adversely affected and could differ materially from anticipated expenditures, production quantities and rates, and costs. In addition, estimated production dates could be delayed materially. Any such events could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
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The development and operation of our mining projects involve numerous uncertainties that could affect the feasibility or profitability of such projects.
Mine development projects, including our recent development at Wassa and anticipated expansion at Bogoso/Prestea, typically require a number of years and significant expenditures during the development phase before production is possible.
Development projects are subject to the completion of successful feasibility studies and environmental assessments, issuance of necessary governmental permits and receipt of adequate financing. The economic feasibility of development projects is based on many factors such as:
| estimation of mineral reserves and mineral resources; | |||
| anticipated metallurgical recovery rates; | |||
| environmental considerations and permitting; | |||
| future gold prices; and | |||
| anticipated capital and operating costs. |
Our mine development projects could have limited relevant operating history upon which to base estimates of future operating costs and capital requirements. Estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves and operating costs determined in feasibility studies are based on geologic and engineering analyses and might not prove to be accurate.
The management of mine development projects and start-up of new operations are complex, and we do not have a history of simultaneously managing an ongoing operation, the start-up of a new operation and a significant development project. Completion of development and the commencement of production may be subject to delays, as occurred at Wassa. Any of the following events, among others, could affect the profitability or economic feasibility of a project:
| unanticipated changes in grade and tonnage of ore to be mined and processed; | |||
| unanticipated adverse geotechnical conditions; | |||
| incorrect data on which engineering assumptions are made; | |||
| costs of constructing and operating a mine in a specific environment; | |||
| availability and cost of processing and refining facilities; | |||
| availability of economic sources of power; | |||
| adequacy of water supply; | |||
| adequate access to the site including competing land uses (such as agriculture and illegal mining); | |||
| unanticipated transportation costs; | |||
| government regulations (including regulations relating to prices, royalties, duties, taxes, permitting, restrictions on production, quotas on exportation of minerals, as well as the costs of protection of the environment and agricultural lands); | |||
| fluctuations in gold prices; and | |||
| accidents, labor actions and force majeure events. |
Adverse effects on the operations or further development of a project could also adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow. Because of these uncertainties, and others identified in Risk Factors, our production estimates at Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa may not be achieved.
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We need to continually obtain additional mineral reserves for gold production and a failure to do so would adversely affect our business and financial position in the future.
Because mines have limited lives based on proven and probable mineral reserves, we must continually replace and expand our mineral reserves as our mines produce gold. At current average production rates, we estimate that Bogoso/Prestea has over ten years of mine life and Wassa has approximately five years of mine life, but our estimates might not be correct and the mine life would be shortened if we expand production. Our ability to maintain or increase our annual production of gold will be dependent in significant part on our ability to bring new mines into production and to expand or extend the life of existing mines.
Gold exploration is highly speculative, involves substantial expenditures, and is frequently non-productive.
Gold exploration, including the exploration of the Prestea Underground, involves a high degree of risk and exploration projects are frequently unsuccessful. Few prospects that are explored end up being ultimately developed into producing mines. To the extent that we continue to be involved in gold exploration, the long-term success of our operations will be related to the cost and success of our exploration programs. We cannot assure you that our gold exploration efforts will be successful. The success of gold exploration is determined in part on the following factors:
| the identification of potential gold mineralization based on superficial analysis; | |||
| availability of prospective land; | |||
| availability of government-granted exploration permits; | |||
| the quality of our management and our geological and technical expertise; and | |||
| the capital available for exploration and development. |
Substantial expenditures are required to determine if a project has economically mineable mineralization. It could take several years to establish proven and probable mineral reserves and to develop and construct mining and processing facilities. As a result of these uncertainties, we cannot assure you that current and future exploration programs will result in the discovery of mineral reserves, the expansion of our existing mineral reserves and the development of mines.
We face competition from other mining companies in connection with the acquisition of properties.
We face strong competition from other mining companies in connection with the acquisition of properties producing, or capable of producing, precious metals. Many of these companies have greater financial resources, operational experience and technical capabilities. As a result of this competition, we might be unable to maintain or acquire attractive mining properties on terms we consider acceptable or at all. Consequently, our revenues, operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Title to our mineral properties could be challenged.
We seek to confirm the validity of our rights to title to, or contract rights with respect to, each mineral property in which we have a material interest. We have mining leases with respect to our Bogoso/Prestea, Wassa and Prestea Underground properties. However, we cannot guarantee that title to our properties will not be challenged. Title insurance generally is not available, and our ability to ensure that we have obtained secure claim to individual mineral properties or mining concessions could be severely constrained. We generally do not conduct surveys of our properties until they have reached the development stage, and therefore, the precise area and location of such properties could be in doubt. Accordingly, our mineral properties could be subject to prior unregistered agreements, transfers or claims, and title could be affected by, among other things, undetected defects. In addition, we might be unable to operate our properties as permitted or to enforce our rights with respect to our properties.
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We depend on the services of key executives.
We are dependent on the services of key executives including our President and Chief Executive Officer and a small number of highly skilled and experienced executives and personnel. Due to the relatively small size of our management team, the loss of these persons or our inability to attract and retain additional highly skilled employees could adversely affect the exploration and development of our properties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and future operations. We have obtained key person insurance only with respect to our President and Chief Executive Officer.
The period of weak gold prices prior to 2002 resulted in the depletion in the number of trained and experienced professionals and managers in our industry. Higher gold prices have resulted in an increased demand for these people, and it could therefore be more difficult to attract or retain such experienced professionals and managers without significantly increasing the cost to Golden Star.
Our insurance coverage could be insufficient.
Our business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including:
| adverse environmental conditions; | |||
| industrial accidents; | |||
| labor disputes; | |||
| unusual or unexpected geological conditions; | |||
| ground or slope failures; | |||
| cave-ins; | |||
| changes in the regulatory environment; | |||
| natural phenomena such as inclement weather conditions, floods and earthquakes; and | |||
| political risks including expropriation and civil war. |
Such occurrences could result in:
| damage to mineral properties or production facilities; | |||
| personal injury or death; | |||
| loss of legitimate title to properties; | |||
| environmental damage to our properties or the properties of others; | |||
| delays in mining; | |||
| monetary losses; and | |||
| possible legal liability. |
Although we maintain insurance in amounts that we believe to be reasonable, our insurance might not cover all the potential risks associated with our business. We might also be unable to maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance coverage might not continue to be available or might not be adequate to cover any resulting liability. Moreover, insurance against risks such as environmental pollution or other hazards as a result of exploration and production is not generally available to us or to other companies in the mining industry on acceptable terms. We might also become subject to liability for pollution or other hazards which we cannot insure against or which we might elect not to insure against because of premium costs or other reasons. Losses from these events might cause us to incur significant costs that could have a material adverse effect upon our financial performance and results of operations.
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Governmental and Regulatory Risks
As a holding company, limitations on the ability of our operating subsidiaries to make distributions to us could adversely affect the funding of our operations.
We are a holding company that conducts operations through foreign (principally African) subsidiaries and joint ventures, and substantially all of our assets consist of equity in these entities. Accordingly, any limitation on the transfer of cash or other assets between the parent corporation and these entities, or among these entities, could restrict our ability to fund our operations efficiently. Any such limitations, or the perception that such limitations might exist now or in the future, could have an adverse impact on our valuation and stock price.
We are subject to changes in the regulatory environment where we operate which may increase our costs of compliance.
Our mining operations and exploration activities are subject to extensive regulation governing various matters, including:
| licensing | |||
| production | |||
| taxes | |||
| water disposal | |||
| toxic substances | |||
| development and permitting | |||
| exports | |||
| imports | |||
| labor standards | |||
| occupational health and safety | |||
| mine safety | |||
| environmental protections |
Compliance with these regulations increases the costs of the following: |
| planning | |||
| designing | |||
| drilling | |||
| operating | |||
| developing | |||
| constructing | |||
| closure and reclamation |
We believe that we are in substantial compliance with current laws and regulations in Ghana and elsewhere. However, these laws and regulations are subject to frequent change and reinterpretation. Due to the substantial increase in mining development in Ghana in recent years, the Government of Ghana has been reviewing the adequacy of reclamation bonds and guarantees throughout the country and in some cases has requested higher levels of bonding than previously had been required. Our bonds may be increased. Amendments to current laws and regulations governing operations and activities of mining companies or more stringent implementation or interpretation of these laws and regulations could have a material adverse impact on us, cause a reduction in levels of production and delay or prevent the development or expansion of our properties in Ghana.
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Government regulations limit the proceeds from gold sales that could be withdrawn from Ghana. Changes in regulations that increase these restrictions could have a material adverse impact on us, as Bogoso/Prestea is currently our only source of internally generated operating cash flows.
The Government of Ghana has the right to increase its ownership and control of certain subsidiaries.
The Government of Ghana currently has a 10% carried interest in our subsidiaries that own our Bogoso/Prestea mine, Wassa mine and Prestea Underground property. The Government of Ghana also has: (a) the right to acquire up to an additional 20% equity interest in each of these subsidiaries for a price to be determined by agreement or arbitration; (b) the right to acquire a special share or golden share in such subsidiaries at any time for no consideration or such consideration as the Government of Ghana and such subsidiaries might agree; and (c) a pre-emptive right to purchase all gold and other minerals produced by such subsidiaries. The Government of Ghana may seek to exercise one or more of these rights, which could reduce our equity interest. A reduction in our equity interest could reduce our income or cash flows from Bogoso/Prestea and/or reduce our anticipated income or cash flows from Wassa, reducing amounts available to us for reinvestment and adversely affecting our ability to take certain actions.
We are subject to risks relating to exploration, development and operations in foreign countries.
Certain laws, regulations and statutory provisions in certain countries in which we have mineral rights could, as they are currently written, have a material negative impact on our ability to develop or operate a commercial mine. For countries where we have exploration or development stage projects, we intend to negotiate mineral agreements with the governments of these countries and seek variances or otherwise be exempted from the provisions of these laws, regulations and/or statutory provisions. We cannot assure you, however, that we will be successful in obtaining mineral agreements or variances or exemptions on commercially acceptable terms.
Our assets and operations are affected by various political and economic uncertainties, including:
| the risks of war, civil unrest, coups or other violent or unexpected changes in government; | |||
| political instability and violence; | |||
| expropriation and nationalization; | |||
| renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions, licenses, permits, and contracts; | |||
| illegal mining; | |||
| changes in taxation policies; | |||
| restrictions on foreign exchange and repatriation; and | |||
| changing political conditions, currency controls, and governmental regulations that favor or require the awarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction. |
Illegal mining occurs on our properties, is difficult to control, can disrupt our business and can expose us to liability.
We continue to experience heightened illegal mining activity on the Prestea property involving illegal miners numbering in the thousands. Most of this activity is in the Beta Boundary area south of Prestea and includes areas where we have established reserves. It is difficult to quantify the exact impact of this activity on our reserves and non-reserve mineral resources. The impact of this illegal mining, to the extent known at this time, on our currently reported reserve and non-reserve mineral resources was included in our year-end 2004 reserve figures. While we are proactively working with local, regional and national governmental authorities to obtain protection of our property rights on a timelier basis, any action on the part of such authorities may not occur, may not fully address our problems or may be delayed.
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In addition to the impact on our reserve and non-reserve resources, the presence of illegal miners could lead to project delays and disputes and delays regarding the development or operation of commercial gold deposits. The work performed by the illegal miners could cause environmental damage or other damage to our properties, or personal injury or death for which we could potentially be held responsible. While illegal miners work on other of our properties from time to time, they may in the future increase their presence and have increased negative impacts such as those described above on such other properties.
Our activities are subject to complex laws, regulations and accounting standards that can adversely affect operating and development costs, the timing of operations, the ability to operate and financial results.
Our business, mining operations and exploration and development activities are subject to extensive Canadian, United States, Ghanaian and other foreign, federal, state, provincial, territorial and local laws and regulations governing exploration, development, production, exports, taxes, labor standards, waste disposal, protection of the environment, reclamation, historic and cultural resource preservation, mine safety and occupational health, toxic substances, reporting and other matters, as well as accounting standards. Compliance with these laws, regulations and standards or the imposition of new such requirements could adversely affect operating and development costs, the timing of operations, the ability to operate and financial results.
Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business and share price.
We are required to annually test our internal control procedures in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and a report by our independent auditor addressing these assessments. Any failure to implement, improve and expand our systems, processes, or controls efficiently could have a material adverse effect on our business and our ability to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment. During the course of our testing we may identify deficiencies which we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the deadline imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for compliance with the requirements of Section 404. In addition, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. While we satisfied the requirements of Section 404 for 2004, failure in the future to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could have a material adverse effect on our business and share price.
Market Risks
The market price of our common shares could experience volatility and could decline significantly.
Our common shares are listed on the American Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange. Securities of small-cap companies have experienced substantial volatility in the past, often based on factors unrelated to the financial performance or prospects of the companies involved. These factors include macroeconomic developments in North America and globally and market perceptions of the attractiveness of particular industries. Our share price is also likely to be significantly affected by short-term changes in gold prices or in our financial condition or results of operations as reflected in our quarterly earnings reports. Other factors unrelated to our performance that could have an effect on the price of our common shares include the following:
| the extent of analytical coverage available to investors concerning our business could be limited if investment banks with research capabilities do not continue to follow our securities; |
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| the trading volume and general market interest in our securities could affect an investors ability to trade significant numbers of common shares; | |||
| the relatively small size of the public float will limit the ability of some institutions to invest in our securities; and | |||
| a substantial decline in our stock price that persists for a significant period of time could cause our securities to be delisted from the American Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange, further reducing market liquidity. |
As a result of any of these factors, the market price of our common shares at any given point in time might not accurately reflect our long-term value. Securities class action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. We could in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert managements attention and resources.
You could have difficulty or be unable to enforce certain civil liabilities on us, certain of our directors and our experts.
We are a Canadian corporation. Substantially all of our assets are located outside of Canada and the United States, and our head office is located in the United States. Additionally, a number of our directors and the experts named in this prospectus are residents of Canada. It might not be possible for investors to collect judgments obtained in Canadian courts predicated on the civil liability provisions of securities legislation. It could also be difficult for you to effect service of process in connection with any action brought in the United States upon such directors and experts. Execution by United States courts of any judgment obtained against us or, any of the directors, executive officers or experts named in this prospectus in United States courts would be limited to the assets of Golden Star Resources Ltd. or the assets of such persons or corporations, as the case might be, in the United States. The enforceability in Canada of United States judgments or liabilities in original actions in Canadian courts predicated solely upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States is doubtful.
There may be certain tax risks associated with investments in our company.
Potential investors that are United States taxpayers should consider that we could be considered to be a passive foreign investment company (PFIC) for federal income tax purposes. Although we believe that we currently are not a PFIC and do not expect to become a PFIC in the near future, the tests for determining PFIC status are dependent upon a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, and we can not assure you that we would not become a PFIC in the future. If we were deemed to be a PFIC, then a United States taxpayer who disposes or is deemed to dispose of our shares at a gain, or who received a so-called excess distribution on the shares, generally would be required to treat such gain or excess distribution as ordinary income and pay an interest charge on a portion of the gain or distribution unless the taxpayer makes a timely qualified electing fund election (a QEF election). A United States taxpayer who makes a QEF election generally must report on a current basis his or her share of any of our ordinary earnings and net capital gain for any taxable year in which we are a PFIC, whether or not we distribute those earnings. Special estate tax rules could be applicable to our shares if we are classified as a PFIC for income tax purposes.
The existence of outstanding rights to purchase or acquire common shares could impair our ability to raise capital.
As of July 18, 2005 approximately 14.4 million common shares are issuable on exercise of warrants, options or other rights to purchase common shares at prices ranging from Cdn$1.02 to Cdn$9.07. In addition, 11.1 million of our common shares are currently issuable upon conversion of the senior convertible notes issued in April 2005. During the life of the warrants, options, notes and other rights, the holders are given an opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price of our common shares, with a resulting dilution in the interest
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of the other shareholders. Our ability to obtain additional financing during the period such rights are outstanding could be adversely affected, and the existence of the rights could have an adverse effect on the price of our common shares. The holders of the warrants, options, notes and other rights can be expected to exercise or convert them at a time when we would, in all likelihood, be able to obtain any needed capital by a new offering of securities on terms more favorable than those provided by the outstanding rights.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The selling shareholders will receive all of the proceeds from the sale of the common shares offered under this prospectus. We will pay all expenses incurred with respect to the registration of the common shares to be offered by the selling shareholders, but we will not be obligated to pay any underwriting fees, discounts or commissions in connection with the sale of the shares.
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
The common shares being offered by the selling shareholders are issuable upon conversion of senior convertible notes issued by Golden Star on April 15, 2005, including additional shares issuable in connection with certain changes of control. We are registering the common shares in order to permit the selling shareholders to offer the shares for resale from time to time. The table below lists the selling shareholders and other information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common shares by the selling shareholders as of July 18, 2005, including the maximum number of common shares that may be offered and sold under this prospectus. Because the conversion price of the notes and the number of additional shares that may be issued in connection with certain changes of control of the company may be adjusted, the number of shares that will actually be issued may be more or less than the number of shares being offered by this prospectus. The selling shareholders may sell all, some or none of their shares in this offering. See the Plan of Distribution.
Number of Shares Owned | Number of Shares | |||||||||||||||||||
Prior to Offering | Owned After Offering(6) | |||||||||||||||||||
Maximum | ||||||||||||||||||||
Number of | ||||||||||||||||||||
Shares that may | ||||||||||||||||||||
be Sold Pursuant | ||||||||||||||||||||
to this | ||||||||||||||||||||
Name of Selling Shareholder | Shares | Percent (3) | Prospectus | Shares | Percent (3) | |||||||||||||||
Amaranth LLC(1) |
6,796,944 | (2) | 4.7 | % | 7,111,111 | (4) | 2,352,500 | (5) | 1.6 | % | ||||||||||
Royal Bank of Canada (7) |
6,666,667 | (8) | 4.5 | % | 10,666,666 | (9) | 0 | * |
* | Less than 1%. |
(1) | Amaranth Advisors L.L.C., the trading advisor for Amaranth LLC, exercises voting and/or dispositive power over the shares of common stock. Amaranth Advisors L.L.C. has designated authorized signatories who will sign on behalf of Amaranth LLC, the selling shareholder. Nicholas M. Maounis is the managing member of Amaranth Advisors L.L.C. Except for the ownership of common shares, warrants and the notes issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement between Golden Star and Amaranth LLC, Amaranth LLC has not had any material relationship with us within the past three years. | |||
(2) | Comprised of: (i) 210,500 common shares, (ii) warrants which are exercisable for 2,142,000 common shares, and (iii) 4,444,444 common shares issuable under the notes due April 15, 2009. | |||
(3) | Calculated based on 142,499,060 common shares outstanding as of July 18, 2005. | |||
(4) | Comprised of: (i) 6,666,667 common shares, representing 150% of the shares issuable upon conversion of the notes held by Amaranth LLC, as required by the registration rights agreement between Golden Star and the selling shareholders and (ii) 444,444 common shares issuable under the notes upon the occurrence of a change in control, as defined in the notes. | |||
(5) | Comprised of: (i) 635,800 common shares and (ii) warrants which are exercisable for 2,231,500 common shares. | |||
(6) | Assumes that the selling shareholder will sell all of its common shares being offered. In fact, the selling shareholder may sell none, all or some portion of its common shares being offered. |
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(7) | Royal Bank of Canada is an affiliate of a registered broker-dealer. An affiliate of Royal Bank of Canada, RBC Dominion Securities, Inc., was one of the syndicate members in the August 2003 follow-on offering of Golden Star common shares. Except for this relationship and the ownership of notes due April 15, 2009, Royal Bank of Canada has not had any material relationship with Golden Star within the past three years. | |||
(8) | Comprised of common shares issuable under the notes due April 15, 2009. | |||
(9) | Comprised of: (i) 10,000,000 common shares, representing 150% of the shares issuable upon conversion of the notes, as required by the registration rights agreement between Golden Star and the selling shareholders and (ii) 666,666 common shares issuable under the notes upon the occurrence of a change in control, as defined in the notes. |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We are registering the common shares issuable upon conversion of the senior convertible notes to permit the resale of these common shares by the holders of the notes from time to time after the date of this prospectus. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale by the selling shareholders of the common shares. We will bear all fees and expenses incident to our obligation to register the common shares.
The selling shareholders may sell all or a portion of the common shares beneficially owned by them and offered hereby from time to time directly or through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents. If the common shares are sold through underwriters or broker-dealers, the selling shareholders will be responsible for underwriting discounts or commissions or agents commissions. The common shares may be sold in one or more transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. These sales may be effected in transactions, which may involve crosses or block transactions,
| on any national securities exchange or quotation service on which the securities may be listed or quoted at the time of sale; | |||
| in the over-the-counter market; | |||
| in transactions otherwise than on these exchanges or systems or in the over-the-counter market; | |||
| through the writing of options, whether such options are listed on an options exchange or otherwise; | |||
| ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers; | |||
| block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; | |||
| purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; | |||
| an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange; | |||
| privately negotiated transactions; | |||
| short sales; | |||
| sales pursuant to Rule 144; | |||
| broker-dealers may agree with the selling securityholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share; | |||
| a combination of any such methods of sale; and |
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| any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law. |
If the selling shareholders effect such transactions by selling common shares to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, such underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling shareholders or commissions from purchasers of the common shares for whom they may act as agent or to whom they may sell as principal (which discounts, concessions or commissions as to particular underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may be in excess of those customary in the types of transactions involved). In connection with sales of the common shares or otherwise, the selling shareholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers, which may in turn engage in short sales of the common shares in the course of hedging in positions they assume. The selling shareholders may also sell common shares short and deliver common shares covered by this prospectus to close out short positions and to return borrowed shares in connection with such short sales. The selling shareholders may also loan or pledge common shares to broker-dealers that in turn may sell such shares.
The selling shareholders may pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the senior convertible notes or common shares owned by them and, if they default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the common shares from time to time pursuant to this prospectus or any amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, amending, if necessary, the list of selling shareholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as a selling shareholder under this prospectus. The selling shareholders also may transfer and donate the common shares in other circumstances in which case the transferees, donees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.
The selling shareholders and any broker-dealer participating in the distribution of the common shares may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any commission paid, or any discounts or concessions allowed to, any such broker-dealer may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. At the time a particular offering of the common shares is made, a prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed which will set forth the aggregate amount of common shares being offered and the terms of the offering, including the name or names of any broker-dealers or agents, any discounts, commissions and other terms constituting compensation from the selling shareholders and any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to broker-dealers.
The selling shareholders identified in the selling shareholder table as affiliates of broker-dealers have informed us that they purchased the notes in the ordinary course of business, and at the time of the purchase of the notes had no agreements or understandings, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the notes. To the extent that we become aware that any selling shareholder did not acquire its notes in the ordinary course of business or did have such an agreement or understanding, we will file an amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part to designate such affiliate as an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act.
Under the securities laws of some states, the common shares may be sold in such states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states the common shares may not be sold unless such shares have been registered or qualified for sale in such state or an exemption from registration or qualification is available and is complied with.
There can be no assurance that the selling shareholders will sell any or all of the common shares registered pursuant to the shelf registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.
The selling shareholders and any other person participating in such distribution will be subject to applicable provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, including, without limitation, Regulation M of the Exchange Act, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the common shares by the selling shareholders and any other participating person. Regulation M may also restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the common shares to engage in market-making activities with respect to the common shares. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the common shares and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the common shares.
We will pay all expenses of the registration of the common shares pursuant to the registration rights agreement, including, without limitation, Securities and Exchange Commission filing fees and expenses of
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compliance with state securities or blue sky laws; provided, however, that the selling shareholders will pay all underwriting discounts and selling commissions, if any. We will indemnify the selling shareholders against liabilities, including some liabilities under the Securities Act, in accordance with the registration rights agreements, or the selling shareholders will be entitled to contribution. We may be indemnified by the selling shareholders against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, that may arise from any written information furnished to us by the selling shareholders specifically for use in this prospectus, in accordance with the related registration rights agreements, or we may be entitled to contribution.
Once sold under the shelf registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part, the common shares will be freely tradable in the hands of persons other than our affiliates.
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DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES
We are authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares, without par value. As of July 18, 2005, there were 142,499,060 common shares outstanding.
Dividend Rights
Holders of our common shares may receive dividends when, as and if declared by our board on the common shares, subject to the preferential dividend rights of any other classes or series of shares of our company. In no event may a dividend be declared or paid on the common shares if payment of the dividend would cause the realizable value of our companys assets to be less than the aggregate of its liabilities and the amount required to redeem all of the shares having redemption or retraction rights, which are then outstanding.
Voting and Other Rights
Holders of our common shares are entitled to one vote per share, and in general, all matters will be determined by a majority of votes cast.
Election of Directors
All of the directors resign before each annual meeting of shareholders and are eligible for reelection. Directors are elected by a majority of votes cast.
Liquidation
In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Golden Star, holders of the common shares have the right to a ratable portion of the assets remaining after payment of liabilities and liquidation preferences of any preferred shares or other securities that may then be outstanding.
Redemption
Golden Star common shares are not redeemable or convertible.
Rights Agreement
Rights to purchase our common shares have been issued to holders of our common shares under a rights agreement between us and CIBC Mellon Trust Company. One right is attached to each common share. If the rights become exercisable following the occurrence of certain specified events, each right will entitle the holder, within certain limitations, to purchase one common share for three times the market price of the common shares, subject to adjustment. In certain events (including when a person or group becomes the beneficial owner of 20% or more of any class of our voting shares without complying with the permitted bid provisions of the rights agreement or without the approval of our board of directors), exercise of the rights would entitle the holders of the rights (other than the acquiring person or group) to acquire our common shares with a market value equal to twice the exercise price, subject to adjustment. Accordingly, exercise of the rights may cause substantial dilution to a person who attempts to acquire us. The rights, which expire at the close of business on the date of our annual meeting of shareholders in 2007 (unless extended as provided in the rights agreement), may be redeemed at a price of Cdn$0.00001 per right at any time until a person or group has acquired 20% of our common shares, except as otherwise provided in the rights agreement. The rights agreement may have certain anti-takeover effects.
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Other Provisions
All outstanding common shares are, and the common shares offered by this prospectus, if issued in the manner described in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, will be, fully paid and non-assessable.
You should read the prospectus supplement relating to any offering of common shares, or of securities convertible, exchangeable or exercisable for common shares, for the terms of the offering, including the number of common shares offered, any initial offering price and market prices relating to the common shares.
This section is a summary and may not describe every aspect of our common shares that may be important to you. We urge you to read our Articles of Arrangement and our bylaws, because they, and not this description, define your rights as a holder of our common shares. See Where You Can Find More Information for information on how to obtain copies of these documents.
CIBC Mellon Trust Company, The Oceanic Plaza, 1066 West Hastings Street, Suite 1600, Vancouver, BC V6E 3X1, is the transfer agent and registrar for our common shares.
LEGAL MATTERS
Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP of Toronto, Ontario, has provided its opinion on the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus.
EXPERTS
The financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, for the year ended December 31, 2004 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
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