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United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 6-K
Report of Foreign Private Issuer
Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16
of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the month of
For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2010
February 2011
Vale S.A.
Avenida Graça Aranha, No. 26
20030-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
(Address of principal executive office)
(Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.)
(Check One) Form 20-F þ Form 40-F o
(Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1))
(Check One) Yes o No þ
(Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7))
(Check One) Yes o No þ
(Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.)
(Check One) Yes o No þ
(If “Yes” is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b). 82-___.)
 
 

 


 

(VALE LOGO)
Vale S.A.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
         
    Nr.  
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
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 EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT
 EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT


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()
Report of Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
Vale S.A.
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income, of cash flows and of changes in stockholders’ equity present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Vale S.A. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) at December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Auditores Independentes
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
February 24, 2011

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(VALE LOGO)
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The management of Vale S.A (Vale) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.
The company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, and that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Vale’s management has assessed the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010 based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission — COSO. Based on such assessment and criteria, Vale’s management has concluded that the company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010.
The effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers Auditores Independentes, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.
February 24, 2011
Roger Agnelli
Chief Executive Officer
Guilherme Cavalcanti
Chief Financial Officer

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(VALE LOGO)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Expressed in millions of United States dollars
                 
    As of December, 31  
    2010     2009  
     
Assets
               
Current assets
               
Cash and cash equivalents
    7,584       7,293  
Short-term investments
    1,793       3,747  
Accounts receivable
               
Related parties
    435       79  
Unrelated parties
    7,776       3,041  
Loans and advances to related parties
    96       107  
Inventories
    4,298       3,196  
Deferred income tax
    386       852  
Unrealized gains on derivative instruments
    52       105  
Advances to suppliers
    188       498  
Recoverable taxes
    1,603       1,511  
Assets held for sale
    6,987        
Others
    593       865  
 
           
 
    31,791       21,294  
 
           
 
               
Non-current assets
               
Property, plant and equipment, net
    83,096       67,637  
Intangible assets
    1,274       1,173  
Investments in affiliated companies, joint ventures and others investments
    4,497       4,585  
Other assets:
               
Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries
    3,317       2,313  
Loans and advances
               
Related parties
    29       36  
Unrelated parties
    165       158  
Prepaid pension cost
    1,962       1,335  
Prepaid expenses
    222       235  
Judicial deposits
    1,731       1,143  
Recoverable taxes
    361       817  
Unrealized gains on derivative instruments
    301       865  
Others
    393       688  
 
           
 
    8,481       7,590  
 
           
TOTAL
    129,139       102,279  
 
           

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(VALE LOGO)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Expressed in millions of United States dollars
(Except number of shares)
                 
    (Continued)  
    As of December, 31  
    2010     2009  
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
               
Current liabilities
               
Suppliers
    3,558       2,309  
Payroll and related charges
    1,134       864  
Minimum annual remuneration attributed to stockholders
    4,842       1,464  
Current portion of long-term debt
    2,823       2,933  
Short-term debt
    139       30  
Loans from related parties
    9       19  
Provision for income taxes
    751       173  
Taxes payable and royalties
    257       124  
Employees postretirement benefits
    168       144  
Railway sub-concession agreement payable
    70       285  
Unrealized losses on derivative instruments
    35       129  
Provisions for asset retirement obligations
    75       89  
Liabilities associated with assets held for sale
    3,152        
Others
    899       618  
 
           
 
    17,912       9,181  
 
           
 
               
Non-current liabilities
               
Employees postretirement benefits
    2,442       1,970  
Long-term debt
    21,591       19,898  
Provisions for contingencies (Note 21 (b))
    2,043       1,763  
Unrealized losses on derivative instruments
    61       9  
Deferred income tax
    8,085       5,755  
Provisions for asset retirement obligations
    1,293       1,027  
Debentures
    1,284       752  
Others
    1,987       1,427  
 
           
 
    38,786       32,601  
 
           
 
               
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
    712       731  
 
               
Commitments and contingencies (Note 21)
               
 
               
Stockholders’ equity
               
Preferred class A stock — 7,200,000,000 no-par-value shares authorized and 2,108,579,618 (2009 — 2,108,579,618) issued
    10,370       9,727  
Common stock — 3,600,000,000 no-par-value shares authorized and 3,256,724,482 (2009 — 3,256,724,482) issued
    16,016       15,262  
Treasury stock — 99,649,571 (2009 — 77,581,904) preferred and 45,375,394 (2009 — 74,997,899) common shares
    (2,660 )     (1,150 )
Additional paid-in capital
    2,188       411  
Mandatorily convertible notes — common shares
    290       1,578  
Mandatorily convertible notes — preferred shares
    644       1,225  
Other cumulative comprehensive loss
    (333 )     (1,808 )
Undistributed retained earnings
    42,218       28,508  
Unappropriated retained earnings
    166       3,182  
 
           
Total Company stockholders’ equity
    68,899       56,935  
Noncontrolling interests
    2,830       2,831  
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    71,729       59,766  
 
           
TOTAL
    129,139       102,279  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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(VALE LOGO)
Consolidated Statements of Income
Expressed in millions of United States dollars
(Except per share amounts)
                                                 
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31  
    December     September     December                    
    31, 2010     30, 2010     31, 2009     2010     2009     2008  
Operating revenues, net of discounts, returns and allowances
                                               
Sales of ores and metals
    13,021       12,350       5,257       39,422       19,502       32,484  
Aluminum products
    691       609       611       2,554       2,050       3,042  
Revenues from logistic services
    334       408       307       1,465       1,104       1,607  
Fertilizer products
    768       802       109       1,845       413       295  
Others
    393       327       257       1,195       870       1,081  
 
                                   
 
    15,207       14,496       6,541       46,481       23,939       38,509  
Taxes on revenues
    (278 )     (394 )     (208 )     (1,188 )     (628 )     (1,083 )
 
                                   
Net operating revenues
    14,929       14,102       6,333       45,293       23,311       37,426  
 
                                   
Operating costs and expenses
                                               
Cost of ores and metals sold
    (4,258 )     (3,503 )     (2,839 )     (13,326 )     (9,853 )     (13,938 )
Cost of aluminum products
    (565 )     (491 )     (571 )     (2,108 )     (2,087 )     (2,267 )
Cost of logistic services
    (285 )     (263 )     (235 )     (1,040 )     (779 )     (930 )
Cost of fertilizer products
    (674 )     (669 )     (60 )     (1,556 )     (173 )     (117 )
Others
    (258 )     (187 )     (290 )     (784 )     (729 )     (389 )
 
                                   
 
    (6,040 )     (5,113 )     (3,995 )     (18,814 )     (13,621 )     (17,641 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    (647 )     (418 )     (378 )     (1,701 )     (1,130 )     (1,748 )
Research and development expenses
    (301 )     (216 )     (296 )     (878 )     (981 )     (1,085 )
Impairment of goodwill
                                  (950 )
Others
    (774 )     (519 )     (561 )     (2,205 )     (1,522 )     (1,254 )
 
                                   
 
    (7,762 )     (6,266 )     (5,230 )     (23,598 )     (17,254 )     (22,678 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Operating income
    7,167       7,836       1,103       21,695       6,057       14,748  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Non-operating income (expenses)
                                               
Financial income
    117       56       65       290       381       602  
Financial expenses
    (926 )     (741 )     (548 )     (2,646 )     (1,558 )     (1,765 )
Gains (losses) on derivatives, net
    473       500       296       631       1,528       (812 )
Foreign exchange and indexation gains, net
    51       257       17       344       675       364  
Gain (loss) on sale of investments
                (190 )           40       80  
 
                                   
 
    (285 )     72       (360 )     (1,381 )     1,066       (1,531 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Income before discontinued operations, income taxes and equity results
    6,882       7,908       743       20,314       7,123       13,217  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Income taxes
                                               
Current
    (1,549 )     (2,589 )     583       (4,996 )     (2,084 )     (1,338 )
Deferred
    412       443       173       1,291       (16 )     803  
 
                                   
 
    (1,137 )     (2,146 )     756       (3,705 )     (2,100 )     (535 )
 
                                   
 
                                               
Equity in results of affiliates, joint ventures and other investments
    303       305       71       987       433       794  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net income from continuing operations
    6,048       6,067       1,570       17,596       5,456       13,476  
Discontinued operations, net of tax
          8             (143 )            
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net income
    6,048       6,075       1,570       17,453       5,456       13,476  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
    131       37       51       189       107       258  
Net income attributable to the Company’s stockholders
    5,917       6,038       1,519       17,264       5,349       13,218  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to Company’s stockholders
                                               
Earnings per preferred share
    1.12       1.13       0.28       3.23       0.97       2.58  
Earnings per common share
    1.12       1.13       0.28       3.23       0.97       2.58  
Earnings per preferred share linked to convertible mandatorily notes (*)
    1.61       1.35       0.52       4.76       1.71       4.09  
Earnings per common share linked to convertible mandatorily notes (*)
    1.68       1.41       0.59       6.52       2.21       4.29  
 
(*)   Basic earnings per share only, as dilution assumes conversion
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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(VALE LOGO)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Expressed in millions of United States dollars
                                                 
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,                    
    2010     2010     2009     2010     2009     2008  
Cash flows from operating activities:
                                               
Net income
    6,048       6,075       1,570       17,453       5,456       13,476  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash from operations:
                                               
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    1,073       696       799       3,260       2,722       2,807  
Dividends received
    629       283       243       1,161       386       513  
Equity in results of affiliates, joint ventures and other investments
    (303 )     (305 )     (71 )     (987 )     (433 )     (794 )
Deferred income taxes
    (412 )     (443 )     (173 )     (1,291 )     16       (803 )
Impairment of goodwill
                                  950  
(Gain) Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
    248       229       113       623       293       376  
(Gain) Loss on sale of investments
                190             (40 )     (80 )
Discontinued operations, net of tax
          (8 )           143              
Foreign exchange and indexation gains, net
    (72 )     (150 )     (37 )     (301 )     (1,095 )     451  
Unrealized derivative losses (gains), net
    532       (403 )     (248 )     594       (1,382 )     809  
Unrealized interest (income) expense, net
    (43 )     225       2       187       (25 )     116  
Others
    (27 )     (17 )     (5 )     58       20       (3 )
Decrease (increase) in assets:
                                               
Accounts receivable
    (639 )     (776 )     327       (3,800 )     616       (466 )
Inventories
    404       (441 )     (128 )     (425 )     530       (467 )
Recoverable taxes
    (70 )     142       (791 )     42       108       (263 )
Others
    709       (467 )     (277 )     307       (455 )     21  
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
                                               
Suppliers
    (445 )     876       559       928       121       703  
Payroll and related charges
    204       160       108       214       159       1  
Income taxes
    (93 )     1,093       (696 )     1,311       (234 )     (140 )
Others
    (35 )     110       (74 )     192       373       (93 )
 
                                   
Net cash provided by operating activities
    7,708       6,879       1,411       19,669       7,136       17,114  
 
                                   
Cash flows from investing activities:
                                               
Short term investments
    (1,793 )           815       1,954       (1,439 )     (2,308 )
Loans and advances receivable
                                               
Related parties
                                               
Loan proceeds
                (14 )     (28 )     (181 )     (37 )
Repayments
          (1 )                 7       58  
Others
    (17 )     (17 )     (4 )     (30 )     (25 )     (15 )
Judicial deposits
    96       (27 )     (55 )     (94 )     (132 )     (133 )
Investments
    (36 )           (806 )     (87 )     (1,947 )     (128 )
Additions to property, plant and equipment
    (4,742 )     (3,852 )     (2,755 )     (12,647 )     (8,096 )     (8,972 )
Proceeds from disposal of investments/property, plant and equipment
                158             606       134  
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired
          (1,018 )           (6,252 )     (1,952 )      
 
                                   
Net cash used in investing activities
    (6,492 )     (4,915 )     (2,661 )     (17,184 )     (13,159 )     (11,401 )
 
                                   
Cash flows from financing activities:
                                               
Short-term debt, additions
    229       147       323       2,233       1,285       1,076  
Short-term debt, repayments
    (147 )     (130 )     (379 )     (2,132 )     (1,254 )     (1,311 )
Loans
                                               
Related parties
                                               
Loan proceeds
    2       7       16       24       16       54  
Repayments
    (22 )           (15 )     (25 )     (373 )     (20 )
Issuances of long-term debt
                                               
Third parties
    891       2,017       1,537       4,436       3,104       1,890  
Repayments of long-term debt
                                               
Third parties
    (958 )     (1,288 )     (48 )     (2,629 )     (307 )     (1,130 )
Treasury stock
    (1,655 )     (341 )           (1,996 )     (9 )     (752 )
Mandatorily convertible notes
                            934        
Transactions of noncontrolling interest
          660             660              
Capital increase
                                  12,190  
Dividends and interest attributed to Company’s stockholders
    (1,750 )           (1,469 )     (3,000 )     (2,724 )     (2,850 )
Dividends and interest attributed to noncontrolling interest
    (81 )           (47 )     (140 )     (47 )     (143 )
 
                                   
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    (3,491 )     1,072       (82 )     (2,569 )     625       9,004  
 
                                   
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (2,275 )     3,036       (1,332 )     (84 )     (5,398 )     14,717  
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    136       452       167       375       2,360       (5,432 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    9,723       6,235       8,458       7,293       10,331       1,046  
 
                                   
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
    7,584       9,723       7,293       7,584       7,293       10,331  
 
                                   
Cash paid during the period for:
                                               
Interest on short-term debt
    (2 )     (2 )           (5 )     (1 )     (11 )
Interest on long-term debt
    (314 )     (242 )     (289 )     (1,097 )     (1,113 )     (1,255 )
Income tax
    (1,100 )     (705 )     (973 )     (1,972 )     (1,331 )     (2,867 )
Non-cash transactions
                                               
Interest capitalized
    38       24       77       164       266       230  
Conversion of mandatorily convertible notes using 75,435,238 treasury stock (see note 18).
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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(VALE LOGO)
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
Expressed in millions of United States dollars
(Except number of shares)
                                                 
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,                    
    2010     2010     2009     2010     2009     2008  
Preferred class A stock (including twelve golden shares)
                                               
Beginning of the period
    10,370       10,370       9,727       9,727       9,727       4,953  
Capital increase
                                  4,774  
Transfer from undistributed retained earnings
                      643              
 
                                   
End of the period
    10,370       10,370       9,727       10,370       9,727       9,727  
 
                                   
Common stock
                                               
Beginning of the period
    16,016       16,016       15,262       15,262       15,262       7,742  
Capital increase
                                  7,520  
Transfer from undistributed retained earnings
                      754              
 
                                   
End of the period
    16,016       16,016       15,262       16,016       15,262       15,262  
 
                                   
Treasury stock
                                               
Beginning of the period
    (1,528 )     (660 )     (1,150 )     (1,150 )     (1,141 )     (389 )
Sales (acquisitions)
    (1,132 )     (868 )           (1,510 )     (9 )     (752 )
 
                                   
End of the period
    (2,660 )     (1,528 )     (1,150 )     (2,660 )     (1,150 )     (1,141 )
 
                                   
Additional paid-in capital
                                               
Beginning of the period
    2,188       1,790       411       411       393       498  
Change in the period
          398             1,777       18       (105 )
 
                                   
End of the period
    2,188       2,188       411       2,188       411       393  
 
                                   
Mandatorily convertible notes — common shares
                                               
Beginning of the period
    290       290       1,578       1,578       1,288       1,288  
Change in the period
                      (1,288 )     290        
 
                                   
End of the period
    290       290       1,578       290       1,578       1,288  
 
                                   
Mandatorily convertible notes — preferred shares
                                               
Beginning of the period
    644       644       1,225       1,225       581       581  
Change in the period
                      (581 )     644        
 
                                   
End of the period
    644       644       1,225       644       1,225       581  
 
                                   
Other cumulative comprehensive income (deficit)
                                               
Cumulative translation adjustments
                                               
Beginning of the period
    (265 )     (3,617 )     (2,542 )     (1,772 )     (11,493 )     1,340  
Change in the period
    12       3,352       770       1,519       9,721       (12,833 )
 
                                   
End of the period
    (253 )     (265 )     (1,772 )     (253 )     (1,772 )     (11,493 )
 
                                   
Unrealized gain (loss) — available-for-sale securities, net of tax
                                               
Beginning of the period
    1             (1 )           17       211  
Change in the period
    2       1       1       3       (17 )     (194 )
 
                                   
End of the period
    3       1             3             17  
 
                                   
Surplus (deficit) accrued pension plan
                                               
Beginning of the period
    154       (64 )     346       (38 )     (34 )     75  
Change in the period
    (213 )     218       (384 )     (21 )     (4 )     (109 )
 
                                   
End of the period
    (59 )     154       (38 )     (59 )     (38 )     (34 )
 
                                   
Cash flow hedge
                                               
Beginning of the period
    109       122       13       2             29  
Change in the period
    (133 )     (13 )     (11 )     (26 )     2       (29 )
 
                                   
End of the period
    (24 )     109       2       (24 )     2        
 
                                   
Total other cumulative comprehensive income (deficit)
    (333 )     (1 )     (1,808 )     (333 )     (1,808 )     (11,510 )
 
                                   
Undistributed retained earnings
                                               
Beginning of the period
    27,730       26,086       24,053       28,508       18,340       15,317  
Transfer from/to unappropriated retained earnings
    14,488       1,644       4,455       15,107       10,168       3,023  
Transfer to capitalized earnings
                      (1,397 )            
 
                                   
End of the period
    42,218       27,730       28,508       42,218       28,508       18,340  
 
                                   
Unappropriated retained earnings
                                               
Beginning of the period
    13,612       9,234       7,624       3,182       9,616       1,631  
Net income attributable to the stockholders’ Company
    5,917       6,038       1,519       17,264       5,349       13,218  
Interest on mandatorily convertible debt
                                               
Preferred class A stock
    (23 )     (11 )     (19 )     (72 )     (58 )     (46 )
Common stock
    (10 )     (5 )     (23 )     (61 )     (93 )     (96 )
Dividends and interest attributed to stockholders’ equity
                                               
Preferred class A stock
    (1,863 )           (570 )     (1,940 )     (570 )     (806 )
Common stock
    (2,979 )           (894 )     (3,100 )     (894 )     (1,262 )
Appropriation from/to undistributed retained earnings
    (14,488 )     (1,644 )     (4,455 )     (15,107 )     (10,168 )     (3,023 )
 
                                   
End of the period
    166       13,612       3,182       166       3,182       9,616  
 
                                   
Total Company stockholders’ equity
    68,899       69,321       56,935       68,899       56,935       42,556  
 
                                   
Noncontrolling interests
                                               
Beginning of the period
    2,826       3,485       2,798       2,831       1,892       2,180  
Disposals (acquisitions) of noncontrolling interests
          (680 )     (15 )     1,629       83        
Cumulative translation adjustments
    (85 )     211       79       104       823       (445 )
Cash flow hedge
    5             (30 )     40       (18 )     (21 )
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
    131       37       51       189       107       258  
Dividends and interest attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (18 )     (80 )     (52 )     (104 )     (56 )     (137 )
Capitalization of stockholders advances
    27                   27             57  
Assets and liabilities held for sale
    (56 )     (147 )           (1,886 )            
 
                                   
End of the period
    2,830       2,826       2,831       2,830       2,831       1,892  
 
                                   
Total stockholders’ equity
    71,729       72,147       59,766       71,729       59,766       44,448  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Number of shares issued and outstanding:
                                               
Preferred class A stock (including twelve golden shares)
    2,108,579,618       2,108,579,618       2,108,579,618       2,108,579,618       2,108,579,618       2,108,579,618  
Common stock
    3,256,724,482       3,256,724,482       3,256,724,482       3,256,724,482       3,256,724,482       3,256,724,482  
Buy-backs
                                               
Beginning of the period
    (108,299,565 )     (77,144,565 )     (152,579,803 )     (152,579,803 )     (151,792,203 )     (86,923,184 )
Acquisitions
    (38,725,400 )     (31,155,000 )           (69,880,400 )     (831,400 )     (64,869,259 )
Conversions
                      75,435,238       43,800       240  
 
                                   
End of the period
    (147,024,965 )     (108,299,565 )     (152,579,803 )     (147,024,965 )     (152,579,803 )     (151,792,203 )
 
                                   
 
    5,218,279,135       5,257,004,535       5,212,724,297       5,218,279,135       5,212,724,297       5,213,511,897  
 
                                   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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(VALE LOGO)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Expressed in millions of United States dollars
                                                 
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,                    
    2010     2010     2009     2010     2009     2008  
Comprehensive income is comprised as follows:
                                               
Company’s stockholders:
                                               
Net income attributable to Company’s stockholders
    5,917       6,038       1,519       17,264       5,349       13,218  
Cumulative translation adjustments
    12       3,352       770       1,519       9,721       (12,833 )
 
Unrealized gain (loss) — available-for-sale securities
                                               
Gross balance as of the period/year end
    7       1       1       12       (47 )     (230 )
Tax (expense) benefit
    (5 )                 (9 )     30       36  
 
                                   
 
    2       1       1       3       (17 )     (194 )
Surplus (deficit) accrued pension plan
                                               
Gross balance as of the period/year end
    (306 )     344       (578 )     (53 )     10       (194 )
Tax (expense) benefit
    93       (126 )     194       32       (14 )     85  
 
                                   
 
    (213 )     218       (384 )     (21 )     (4 )     (109 )
Cash flow hedge
                                               
Gross balance as of the period
    (190 )     20       (2 )     (16 )     11       (29 )
Tax expense
    57       (33 )     (9 )     (10 )     (9 )      
 
                                   
 
    (133 )     (13 )     (11 )     (26 )     2       (29 )
 
                                   
Total comprehensive income attributable to Company’s stockholders
    5,585       9,596       1,895       18,739       15,051       53  
 
                                   
Noncontrolling interests:
                                               
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
    131       37       51       189       107       258  
Cumulative translation adjustments
    (85 )     211       79       104       823       (445 )
Cash flow hedge
    5             (30 )     40       (18 )     (21 )
 
                                   
Total comprehensive income attributable to Noncontrolling interests
    51       248       100       333       912       (208 )
 
                                   
Total comprehensive income
    5,636       9,844       1,995       19,072       15,963       (155 )
 
                                   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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(VALE LOGO)         
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Expressed in millions of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated
1   The Company and its operations
Vale S.A., (“Vale”, the “Company” or “we”) is a limited liability company incorporated in Brazil. Operations are carried out through Vale and our subsidiary companies, joint ventures and affiliates, and mainly consist of mining, basic metals production, fertilizers, logistics and steel activities.
At December 31, 2010, our principal consolidated operating subsidiaries are the following:
                         
            % voting        
Subsidiary   % ownership   capital   Location   Principal activity
Alumina do Norte do Brasil S.A. — Alunorte (*)
    57.03       59.02     Brazil   Alumina
Alumínio Brasileiro S.A. — Albras (*)
    51.00       51.00     Brazil   Aluminum
Compañia Minera Misky Mayo S.A.C.
    40.00       51.00     Peru   Fertilizer
Ferrovia Centro-Atlântica S. A.
    99.99       99.99     Brazil   Logistics
Ferrovia Norte Sul S.A.
    100.00       100.00     Brazil   Logistics
Mineração Corumbá Reunidas S.A.
    100.00       100.00     Brazil   Iron ore
PT International Nickel Indonesia Tbk
    59.14       59.14     Indonesia   Nickel
Sociedad Contractual Minera Tres Valles
    90.00       90.00     Chile   Copper
Urucum Mineração S.A.
    100.00       100.00     Brazil   Iron Ore and Manganese
Vale Australia Pty Ltd.
    100.00       100.00     Australia   Coal
Vale Austria Holdings GMBH
    100.00       100.00     Austria   Holding and Exploration
Vale Canada Limited
    100.00       100.00     Canada   Nickel
Vale Colombia Ltd.
    100.00       100.00     Colombia   Coal
Vale Fertilizantes S.A
    78.92       99.83     Brazil   Fertilizer
Vale Fosfatados S.A
    100.00       100.00     Brazil   Fertilizer
Vale International S.A
    100.00       100.00     Switzerland   Trading
Vale Manganês S.A.
    100.00       100.00     Brazil   Manganese and Ferroalloys
Vale Nouvelle Caledonie SAS
    74.00       74.00     New Caledonia   Nickel
 
(*)   Classified as current assets held for sale.
2   Basis of consolidation
All majority-owned subsidiaries in which we have both share and management control are consolidated. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Subsidiaries over which control is achieved through other means, such as stockholders agreement, are also consolidated even if we hold less than 51% of voting capital. Our variable interest entities in which we are the primary beneficiary are consolidated. Investments in unconsolidated affiliates and joint ventures are accounted for under the equity method (Note 15).
We evaluate the carrying value of our equity investments in relation to publicly quoted market prices when available. If the quoted market price is below book value, and such decline is considered other than temporary, we write-down our equity investments to quoted market value.
We define joint ventures as businesses in which we and a small group of other partners each participate actively in the overall entity management, based on a stockholders agreement. We define affiliates as businesses in which we participate as a noncontrolling interest but with significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee.
Our participation in hydroelectric projects in Brazil is made via consortium contracts under which we have undivided interests in the assets, and are liable for our proportionate share of liabilities and expenses, which are based on our proportionate share of power output. We do not have joint liability for any obligations. No separate legal or tax status is granted to consortia under Brazilian law. Accordingly, we recognize our proportionate share of costs and our undivided interest in assets relating to hydroelectric projects (Note 12).

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(VALE LOGO)    
3   Summary of significant accounting policies
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the selection of useful lives of property, plant and equipment, impairment, provisions necessary for contingent liabilities, fair values assigned to assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, income tax valuation allowances, employee post retirement benefits and other similar evaluations. Actual results could differ from those estimated.
a) Basis of presentation
We have prepared our consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”), which differ in certain respects from the accounting practices adopted in Brazil (“Brazilian GAAP”), compliant with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the IASB, which are the basis for our statutory financial statements.
These financial statements reflect the retrospective adoption of the new segment information as of December 31, 2010 and the three years then ended as shown in Note 24. The new segment information was set up during 2010 based on new acquisitions and project developments. The information disclosed under Notes 15 and 24 retroactively reflects these changes for all periods covered by those Financial Statements.
Since December 2007, significant modifications have been made to Brazilian GAAP as part of a convergence project with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and as from December 31, 2010, the convergence will be completed and therefore IFRS will be the accounting practice adopted in Brazil. The Company does not expect to discontinue the US GAAP reporting during 2011.
Our consolidated interim financial statements for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2010, September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 presented herein are unaudited. However, in our opinion, such consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results for these periods.
The Brazilian Real is the parent Company’s functional currency. We have selected the US dollar as our reporting currency.
All assets and liabilities have been translated to US dollars at the closing rate of exchange at each balance sheet date (or, if unavailable, the first available exchange rate). All statement of income accounts have been translated to US dollars at the average exchange rates prevailing during the respective periods. Capital accounts are recorded at historical exchange rates. Translation gains and losses are recorded in the Cumulative Translation Adjustments account (“CTA”) in stockholders’ equity.
The results of operations and financial position of our entities that have a functional currency other than the US dollar, have been translated into US dollars and adjustments to translate those statements into US dollars are recorded in the CTA in stockholders’ equity.
The exchange rates used to translate the assets and liabilities of the Brazilian operations at December 31, 2010 and 2009, were R$1.6662 and R$1.7412, respectively.
The net transaction gain (loss) included in our statement of income (“Foreign exchange and indexation gains (losses), net”) was US$102, US$665 and US$(1,011) in the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through February 24, 2011 which is the date the financial statements were issued.
b) Cash equivalents and short-term investments
Cash flows from overnight investments and fundings are reported net. Short-term investments that have a ready market and original maturities of 90 days or less are classified as “Cash equivalents”. The remaining investments, between 91 day and 360 day maturities are stated at fair value and presented as “Short-term investments”.

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c) Long-term
Assets and liabilities that are realizable or due more than 12 months after the balance sheet date are classified as long-term.
d) Inventories
Inventories are recorded at the average cost of purchase or production, reduced to market value (net realizable value less a reasonable margin) when lower. Stockpiled inventories are accounted for as processed when they are removed from the mine. The cost of finished goods of comprises depreciation and all direct costs necessary to convert stockpiled inventories into finished goods.
We classify proven and probable reserve quantities attributable to stockpiled inventories as inventories. These reserve quantities are not included in the total proven and probable reserve quantities used in the units of production, depreciation, depletion and amortization calculations.
We periodically assess our inventories to identify obsolete or slow-moving inventories, and if needed we recognize definitive allowances for them.
e) Removal of waste materials to access mineral deposits
Stripping costs (the costs associated with the removal of overburdened and other waste materials) incurred during the development of a mine, before production commences, are capitalized as part of the depreciable cost of developing the property. Such costs are subsequently amortized over the useful life of the mine based on proven and probable reserves.
Post-production stripping costs are included in the cost of the inventory produced (that is extracted), at each mine individually during the period that stripping costs are incurred.
f) Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, including interest cost incurred during the construction of major new facilities. We compute depreciation on the straight-line method at annual average rates which take into consideration the useful lives of the assets, as follows: 3.73% for railroads, 1.5% for buildings, 4.23% for installations and 7.73% for other equipment. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operating costs and expenses as incurred.
We capitalize the costs of developing major new ore bodies or expanding the capacity of operating mines and amortize these to operations on the unit-of-production method based on the total probable and proven quantity of ore to be recovered. Exploration costs are expensed. Once the economic viability of mining activities is established, subsequent development costs are capitalized.
Separately acquired intangible assets are shown at historical cost. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognized at fair value at the acquisition date. All our intangible assets have definite useful lives and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization, which is calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.
g) Business combinations
We apply accounting for business combinations to record acquisitions of interests in other companies. This “purchase method”, requires that we reasonably determine the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities of acquired companies and segregate goodwill as an intangible asset.
We assign goodwill to reporting units and test each reporting unit’s goodwill for impairment at least annually, and whenever circumstance indicating that recognized goodwill may not be fully recovered are identified. We perform the annual goodwill impairment tests during the last quarter of the year.

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Goodwill is reviewed for impairment utilizing a two step process. In the first step, we compare a reporting unit’s fair value with its carrying amount to identify any potential goodwill impairment loss. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the unit’s fair value, based on a discounted cash flow analysis, we carry out the second step of the impairment test, measuring and recording the amount, if any, of the unit’s goodwill impairment loss.
h) Impairment of long-lived assets
All long-lived assets, are tested to determine if they are recoverable from operating earnings on an undiscounted cash flow basis over their useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
When we determine that the carrying value of long-lived assets and definite-life intangible assets may not be recoverable, we measure any impairment loss based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined to be commensurate with the risk inherent in our current business model.
i) Available-for-sale equity securities
Equity securities classified as “available-for-sale” are recorded pursuant to accounting for certain investments in debt and equity securities. Accordingly, we classify unrealized holding gains and losses, net of taxes, as a separate component of stockholders’ equity until realized.
j) Compensated absences
The liability for future compensation for employee vacations is fully accrued as earned.
k) Derivatives and hedging activities
We apply accounting for derivative financial instruments and hedging activities, as amended. This standard requires that we recognize all derivative financial instruments as either assets or liabilities on our balance sheet and measure such instruments at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in each period in current earnings or in other comprehensive income, in the latter case depending on whether a transaction is designated as an effective hedge and has been effective during the period.
l) Asset retirement obligations
Our retirement obligations consist primarily of estimated closure costs, the initial measurement of which is recognized as a liability discounted to present value and subsequently accreted through earnings. An asset retirement cost equal to the initial liability is capitalized as part of the related asset’s carrying value and depreciated over the asset’s useful life.
m) Revenues and expenses
Revenues are recognized when title is transferred to the customer or services are rendered. Revenue from exported products is recognized when such products are loaded on board the ship. Revenue from products sold in the domestic market is recognized when delivery is made to the customer. Revenue from logistic services is recognized when the service order has been fulfilled. Expenses and costs are recognized on the accrual basis.
n) Income taxes
The deferred tax effects of tax loss carryforwards and temporary differences are recognized pursuant to accounting for income taxes. A valuation allowance is made when we believe that it is more likely than not that tax assets will not be fully recovered in the future.
o) Earnings per share
Earnings per share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common and preferred shares outstanding during the period.

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p) Interest attributed to stockholders’ equity (dividend)
Brazilian corporations are permitted to distribute interest attributable to stockholders’ equity. The calculation is based on the stockholders’ equity amounts as stated in the statutory accounting records and the interest rate applied may not exceed the long-term interest rate (TJLP) determined by the Brazilian Central Bank. Also, such interest may not exceed 50% of net income for the year nor 50% of retained earnings plus revenue reserves as determined by “Brazilian GAAP”.
As the notional interest charge is tax deductible in Brazil, the benefit to us, as opposed to making a dividend payment is a reduction in our income tax charge. Income tax of 15% is withheld on behalf of the stockholders relative to the interest distribution. Under Brazilian law, interest attributed to stockholders’ equity is considered as part of the annual minimum mandatory dividend (Note 18). This notional interest distribution is treated for accounting purposes as a deduction from stockholders’ equity in a manner similar to a dividend and the tax credit recorded in income.
q) Pension and other post retirement benefits
We sponsor private pensions and other post retirement benefits for our employees which are actuarially determined and recognized as an asset or liability or both depending on the funded or unfunded status of each plan in accordance with employees ´ accounting for defined benefit pension and other post retirement plans”. The cost of our defined benefit and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period and are not components of net periodic benefit costs are recorded in other cumulative comprehensive income (deficit).
4   Accounting pronouncements
a) Newly issued accounting pronouncements
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) number 2010-29 Disclosure of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. The objective of this Update is to address diversity in practice about the interpretation of the pro forma revenue and earnings disclosure requirements for business combinations. The amendments in this Update specify that if a public entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclose revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. The amendments also expand the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The impact of this statement will occur for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after January 1, 2011.
The Company understands that the other recently issued accounting pronouncements that are not effective as of and for the year ending December 31, 2010, are not expected to be relevant for its consolidated financial statements.
b) Accounting standards adopted in 2010
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) number 2010-25 Plan Accounting — Defined Contribution Pension Plan (Topic 962) amendments in this update require that participant loans be classified as notes receivable from participants, which are segregated from plan investments and measured at their unpaid principal balance plus any accrued but unpaid interest. This codification does not impact our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) number 2010-20 Receivables (Topic 310) improves the disclosures that an entity provides about the credit quality of its financing receivables and the related allowance for credit losses. As a result of these amendments, an entity is required to disaggregate by portfolio segment or class certain existing disclosures and provide certain new disclosures about its financing receivables and related allowance for credit losses. We adopted the disclosure in our financial statements.
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) number 2010-18 Receivables (Topic 310) clarifies that modifications of loans that are accounted for within a pool under Subtopic 310-30, which provides guidance on accounting for acquired loans that have evidence of credit deterioration upon acquisition, do not result in the removal of those loans from the pool even if the modification would otherwise be considered a troubled debt restructuring. An entity will continue to be required to consider whether the pool of assets in which the loan is included is impaired if expected cash flows for

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the pool change. The amendments do not affect the accounting for loans under the scope of Subtopic 310-30 that are not accounted for within pools. Loans accounted for individually under Subtopic 310-30 continue to be subject to the troubled debt restructuring accounting provisions within Subtopic 310-40. We adopted the change in the disclosure of our financial statements
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) number 2010-11 Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) clarifies the type of embedded credit derivative that is exempt from embedded derivative bifurcation requirements. Only one form of embedded credit derivative qualifies for the exemption one that is related only to the subordination of one financial instrument to another. As a result, entities that have contracts containing an embedded credit derivative feature in a form other than such subordination may need to separately account for the embedded credit derivative feature. This Codification does not impact our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) number 2010-10 Consolidation (Topic 810) defers the effective date of the amendments to the consolidation requirements made by FASB Statement 167 to a reporting entity’s interest in certain types of entities and clarifies other aspects of the Statement 167 amendments. As a result of the deferral, a reporting entity will not be required to apply the Statement 167 amendments to the Subtopic 810-10 consolidation requirements to its interest in an entity that meets the criteria to qualify for the deferral. This Update also clarifies how a related party’s interests in an entity should be considered when evaluating the criteria for determining whether a decision maker or service provider fee represents a variable interest. In addition, the Update also clarifies that a quantitative calculation should not be the sole basis for evaluating whether a decision maker’s or service provider’s fee is a variable interest. This Codification does not impact our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Accounting Standards Update No. 2010-09 Subsequent Events (Topic 855) addresses both the interaction of the requirements of Topic 855, Subsequent Events, with the SEC’s reporting requirements and the intended breadth of the reissuance disclosures provision related to subsequent events (paragraph 855-10-50-4). The amendments in this Update have the potential to change reporting by both private and public entities, however, the nature of the change may vary depending on facts and circumstances. This Codification does not impact our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) number 2010-06 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820): Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements. This update provides amendments to Subtopic 820-10 and are expected to provide more robust disclosures about (1) the different classes of assets and liabilities measured at fair value, (2) the valuation techniques and inputs used, (3) the activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, and (4) the transfers between Levels 1, 2, and 3. The Company fully adopted this standard in 2010 with no impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an amendment to Interpretation No. 46(R) on the accounting and disclosure requirements for the consolidation of variable interest entities (“VIEs”). Subsequently, in December 2009, the Accounting Standards Update (ASU) number 2009-17 Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) was issued. The amendments replace the quantitative-based risks and rewards calculation, for determining which reporting entity has a controlling financial interest in a VIE, with a qualitative analysis when determining whether or not it must consolidate a VIE. The newly required approach is focused on identifying which reporting entity has the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (1) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or (2) the right to receive benefits from the entity. The amendments also require an enterprise to continuously reassess whether it must consolidate a VIE. Additionally, the amendments eliminated the scope exception on qualifying special-purpose entities (“QSPE”) and require enhanced disclosures about: involvement with VIEs, significant changes in risk exposures, impacts on the financial statements, and, significant judgments and assumptions used to determine whether or not to consolidate a VIE. The Company adopted these amendments in 2010, with no impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
In June 2009, the “FASB” issued an amendment to the accounting and disclosure requirements for transfers of financial assets. Subsequently, in December 2009, the Accounting Standards Update (ASU) number 2009-16 Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140 was issued. The amendments improve financial reporting requiring greater transparency and additional disclosures for transfers of financial assets and the entity’s continuing involvement with them and also change the requirements for derecognizing financial assets. In addition, the amendments eliminate the exceptions for QSPE from the

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consolidation guidance and the exception that permitted sale accounting for certain mortgage securitizations when a transferor has not surrendered control over the transferred financial assets. The Company adopted these amendments in 2010, with no impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) number 2009-08 Earning Per Share issued by the FASB provides additional guidance related to calculation of earnings per share. In particular, the effect on income available to common stockholders of a redemption or induced conversion of preferred stock. This guidance amends ASC 260. This codification does not impact our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
5   Major acquisitions and disposals
a) Fertilizers Businesses
In line with our strategy to become a leading global player in the fertilizer business, we acquired in May 2010, 58.6% of the equity capital of Fertilizantes Fosfatados S.A. (Fosfertil), currently Vale Fertilizantes S.A., and the Brazilian fertilizer assets of Bunge Participações e Investimentos S.A. (BPI), currently named Vale Fosfatados S.A. for a total of US$4.7 billion in cash. An additional payment of US$55 was made in July, as a complement of the purchase price of Vale Fosfatados.
As part of this acquisition, we exercised in September an option contract to acquire additional 20.27% stake in Vale Fertilizantes S.A., for US$1.0 billion. Also, we launched a mandatory offer to acquire the common shares held by the noncontrolling stockholders.
As at December 31, 2010, we have 78.92% of the total capital and 99.83% of the voting capital of Vale Fertilizantes and 100% of the capital of Vale Fosfatados.
As this transaction occurred within the previous twelve months, information about the purchase price allocation presented below based on the fair values of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed is preliminary. Such allocation, currently being performed internally by the Company, with the assistance of specialists will be finalized during future periods, and accordingly, the preliminary purchase price allocation information set forth below is subject to revision, which may be material.
         
Purchase price
    5,795  
Noncontrolling consideration
    767  
Book value of property, plant and equipment and mining rights
    (1,987 )
Book value of other assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net
    (395 )
Adjustment to fair value of property, plant and equipment and mining rights
    (5,146 )
Adjustment to fair value of inventories
    (98 )
Deferred taxes on the above adjustments
    1,783  
 
       
Goodwill
    719  
 
       
The acquired business contributed net revenues of US$1,507 and to reduce net income of US$10 to the group for the period from June to December, 2010. If this acquisition had been completed on January 1, 2010, our net revenues would increase by US$770 and our net income would decrease by US$12. These amounts have been calculated using our accounting policies and by adjustment the results of the subsidiaries to reflect additional depreciation and amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to property plant and equipment and intangible assets had been applied from January 1, 2010, together with consequential tax effects.
The goodwill balance arises primarily due to the synergies between the acquired assets and the potash operations in Taquari-Vassouras, Carnalita, Rio Colorado and Neuquém and phosphates in Bayóvar I and II, in Peru, and Evate, in Mozambique. The future development of our projects combined with the acquisition of the portfolio of fertilizer assets will allow Vale to be one of the top players in the world’s fertilizer business.
b) Other transactions — 2010
In September 2010, we acquired 51% stake in Sociedade de Desenvolvimento do Corredor Norte S.A (SDCN) for US$21. The SDCN has a concession to create a logistic infrastructure necessary for the production flow resulting from the second phase at our Moatize Coal Project.
As part of our efforts to meet our future production targets, we acquired in April 2010, 51% interest on iron ore concession rights in Simandou South (Zogota), Guinea, and iron ore exploration permits in Simandou North. From this amount, US$500 is payable immediately and the remaining US$2 billion upon achievement of specific milestones.

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This joint venture is also committed to renovate 660km of the Trans-Guinea railway for passenger transportation and light commercial use.
In July 2010, we concluded the sale of minority stakes in the Bayóvar project in Peru through the newly-formed company MVM Resources International B.V. (MVM). We sold 35% of the total capital of MVM to Mosaic for US$385 and 25% to Mitsui for US$275. Vale retains control of the Bayóvar project, holding a 40% stake of the total capital and 51% of voting shares of the newly-formed company. The capital amount invested as at June 30, 2010 was approximately US$550. The difference between the fair value and carrying amount of US$321 on this transaction was accounted for in equity in accordance with the accounting rules related to the gains/losses when control is retained.
In June 2010, we acquired an additional 24.5% stake in the Belvedere coal project (Belvedere) for US$92 from AMCI Investments Pty Ltd (AMCI). As an outcome of this transaction, Vale increased its participation in Belvedere from 51.0% to 75.5%.
In May 2010, we entered into an agreement with Oman Oil Company S.A.O.C. (OOC), a company wholly-owned by the Government of the Sultanate of Oman, to sell 30% of Vale Oman Pelletizing Company LLC (VOPC), for US$125. The transaction remains subject to the terms set forth in the definitive share purchase agreement to be signed after the fulfillment of precedent conditions.
We have entered into negotiations and agreements to sell our Kaolin, aluminum and alumina assets. For further details see Note 13.
c) Other transactions — 2009
In September 2009, we acquired from Rio Tinto Plc, Mineração Corumbá Reunidas S.A. (MCR) for US$802. MCR is the owner of an iron ore mining operations with high iron content and a strategic importance to our product portfolio, adding a substantial volume of lump ore to our reserves. The purchase price allocation mainly adjustments refers to fair value of inventories, property plant and equipment and intangible and there was no goodwill recorded on this transaction.
In September 2009, we concluded an agreement with ThyssenKrupp Steel AG signed in July, to increase our stake in ThyssenKrupp CSA Siderúrgica do Atlântico Ltda. (CSA) to 26.87% through a capital subscripton of US$1,424.
In April 2009, we concluded the sale of all common shares we held in, Usiminas Siderúrgicas de Minas Gerais S.A. — Usiminas, for US$273 generating a gain of US$153.
In March 2009, we acquired 100% of Diamond Coal Ltd that owns coal assets in Colombia for US$300, from Cement Argos. Cash payment was made during the quarter ending June 30, 2009. The primary reason for the acquisition was that the coal assets are an important part of our growth strategy. Therefore, Vale is seeking to build a coal asset platform in Colombia, as it is the world’s third largest exporter of high-quality thermal coal, given its low level of sulfur and high calorific value. The purchase price allocation mainly adjustments refers to fair value of, property plant and equipment and there was no goodwill recorded on this transaction.
In March 2009, we acquired 50% of the joint venture with African Rainbow Minerals Limited of Teal Minerals Incorporated for US$60.
In February 2009, acquired Green Mineral Resources that owns the Regina Project (Canada) and Colorado Project (Argentina) which are in development stage, from Rio Tinto, for US$850. The acquisition of potash assets is aligned with Vale’s strategy to become a large producer of fertilizers to benefit from the exposure to rising global consumption. The purchase price allocation mainly adjustments refers to fair value of, property plant and equipment and there was no goodwill recorded on this transaction.

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6   Income taxes
    Income taxes in Brazil comprise of federal income tax and social contribution, which is an additional federal tax. The statutory composite enacted tax rate applicable in the periods presented is 34%. In other countries where we have operations, we are subject to various taxes rates depending on the jurisdiction.
    We analyze the potential tax impact associated with undistributed earnings by each of our subsidiaries. For those subsidiaries in which the undistributed earnings would be taxable when remitted to the parent company, no deferred tax is recognized, based on generally accepted accounting principles.
    The amount reported as income tax expense in our condensed consolidated financial statements is reconciled to the statutory rates as follows:
                                                                         
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)  
    December 31, 2010     September 30, 2010     December 31, 2009  
    Brazil     Foreign     Total     Brazil     Foreign     Total     Brazil     Foreign     Total  
Income before discontinued operations, income taxes, equity results and noncontrolling interests
    5,581       1,301       6,882       7,378       530       7,908       419       324       743  
Exchange variation (not taxable) or not deductible
          114       114             751       751             446       446  
 
                                                     
 
                                                                       
 
    5,581       1,415       6,996       7,378       1,281       8,659       419       770       1,189  
 
                                                     
 
                                                                       
Tax at Brazilian composite rate
    (1,898 )     (481 )     (2,379 )     (2,509 )     (436 )     (2,945 )     (142 )     (262 )     (404 )
Adjustments to derive effective tax rate:
                                                                       
Tax benefit on interest attributed to stockholders
    369             369       208             208       502             502  
Difference on tax rates of foreign income
          699       699             411       411             418       418  
Tax incentives
    198             198       215             215       66             66  
Other non-taxable, income/non deductible expenses
    82       (106 )     (24 )     (38 )     3       (35 )     17       157       174  
 
                                                     
Income tax per consolidated statements of income
    (1,249 )     112       (1,137 )     (2,124 )     (22 )     (2,146 )     443       313       756  
 
                                                     
                                                                         
    Year ended as of December, 31  
    2010     2009     2008  
    Brazil     Foreign     Total     Brazil     Foreign     Total     Brazil     Foreign     Total  
Income before discontinued operations, income taxes, equity results and noncontrolling interests
    16,586       3,728       20,314       10,024       (2,901 )     7,123       2,434       10,783       13,217  
Exchange variation (not taxable) or not deductible
          265       265             5,162       5,162             (2,887 )     (2,887 )
 
                                                     
 
                                                                       
 
    16,586       3,993       20,579       10,024       2,261       12,285       2,434       7,896       10,330  
 
                                                     
 
                                                                       
Tax at Brazilian composite rate
    (5,639 )     (1,358 )     (6,997 )     (3,408 )     (769 )     (4,177 )     (828 )     (2,685 )     (3,513 )
Adjustments to derive effective tax rate:
                                                                       
Tax benefit on interest attributed to stockholders
    995             995       502             502       692             692  
Difference on tax rates of foreign income
          1,673       1,673             1,079       1,079             1,728       1,728  
Tax incentives
    642             642       148             148       53             53  
Other non-taxable, income/non deductible expenses
    13       (31 )     (18 )     100       248       348       287       218       505  
 
                                                     
 
                                                                       
Income taxes per consolidated statements of income
    (3,989 )     284       (3,705 )     (2,658 )     558       (2,100 )     204       (739 )     (535 )
 
                                                     
    Vale and some subsidiaries in Brazil were granted with tax incentives that provide for a partial reduction of the income tax due related to certain regional operations of iron ore, railroad, manganese, copper, bauxite, alumina, aluminum, kaolin and potash. The tax benefit is calculated based on taxable profit adjusted by the tax incentive (so-called “exploration profit”) taking into consideration the operational profit of the projects that benefit from the tax incentive during a fixed period. In general, such tax incentives expire in 2018. Part of the northern railroad and iron ore operations have been granted with tax incentives for a period of 10 years starting from 2009. The tax savings must be registered in a special capital (profit) reserve in the net equity of the entity that benefits from the tax incentive and cannot be distributed as dividends to the stockholders.
    We are also allowed to reinvest part of the tax savings in the acquisition of new equipment to be used in the operations that enjoy the tax benefit subject to subsequent approval from the Brazilian regulatory agencies. Superintendência de Desenvolvimento da Amazônia — SUDAM and Superintendência de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste — SUDENE. When the reinvestment is approved, the corresponding tax benefit must also be accounted for in a special profit reserve and is also subject to the same restrictions with respect to future dividend distributions to the stockholders.

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    We also have income tax incentives related to our Goro project under development in New Caledonia (“The Goro Project”). These incentives include an income tax holiday during the construction phase of the project and throughout a 15-year period commencing in the first year in which commercial production, as defined by the applicable legislation, is achieved followed by a five-year, 50 per cent income tax holiday. The Goro Project also qualifies for certain exemptions from indirect taxes such as import duties during the construction phase and throughout the commercial life of the project. Certain of these tax benefits, including the income tax holiday, are subject to an earlier phase out, should the project achieves a specified cumulative rate of return. We are subject to a branch profit tax commencing in the first year in which commercial production is achieved, as defined by the applicable legislation. To date, we have not recorded any taxable income for New Caledonian tax purposes. The benefits of this legislation are expected to apply with respect to taxes payable once the Goro Project is in operation. We obtained tax incentives for our projects in Mozambique, Oman and Malaysia, that will take effects when those projects start their commercial operation.
    We are subject to an examination by the tax authorities for up to five years regarding our operations in Brazil, up to ten years for Indonesia, and up to seven years for Canada for income taxes.
    Tax loss carryforwards in Brazil and in most of the jurisdictions where we have tax loss carryforwards have no expiration date, though in Brazil, offset is restricted to 30% of annual taxable income.
    On January 1, 2007, Company adopted the provision Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.
    The reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts is as follows: (see note 21(b)) tax — related actions)
                                                 
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,                    
    2010     2010     2009     2010     2009     2008  
Beginning of the period
    392       369       812       396       657       1,046  
 
                                   
Increase resulting from tax positions taken
    2,121       5       6       2,130       47       103  
Decrease resulting from tax positions taken
    (2 )     3       (439 )     (24 )     (474 )     (261 )
Changes in tax legislation
                                  2  
Cumulative translation adjustments
    44       15       17       53       166       (233 )
 
                                   
End of the period
    2,555       392       396       2,555       396       657  
 
                                   
    There has been a write-off of values that were provisioned relating to compensation for tax losses and social contribution payments, due to the withdrawal of action by the Company, resulting in the release of funds that were deposited in escrow.
    Recognized deferred income tax assets and liabilities are composed as follows:
                 
    As of December 31  
    2010     2009  
Current deferred tax assets
               
Accrued expenses deductible only when disbursed
    386       852  
 
           
 
               
Long-term deferred tax assets and liabilities
               
 
               
Assets
               
Employee postretirement benefits provision
    665       384  
Tax loss carryforwards
    732       324  
Fair value of financial instruments
    379       255  
Asset retirement obligation
    322       259  
Other temporary differences (mainly contingencies provisions)
    855       587  
 
           
 
    2,953       1,809  
 
           
Liabilities
               
Prepaid retirement benefit
    (617 )     (435 )
Fair value adjustments in business combinations
    (7,745 )     (6,003 )
Social contribution
    (2,145 )     (758 )
Other temporary differences
    (421 )     (262 )
 
           
 
    (10,928 )     (7,458 )
 
           
Valuation allowance
               
Beginning balance
    (106 )     (122 )
Translation adjustments
          (25 )
Change in allowance
    (4 )     41  
 
           
Ending balance
    (110 )     (106 )
 
           
Net long-term deferred tax liabilities
    (8,085 )     (5,755 )
 
           

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7   Cash and cash equivalents
                 
    As of December, 31  
    2010     2009  
Cash
    560       728  
Short-term investments
    7,024       6,565  
 
           
 
    7,584       7,293  
 
           
    All the above mentioned short-term investments are made through the use of low risk fixed income securities, in a way that: those denominated in Brazilian reais are concentrated in investments indexed to the CDI, and those denominated in US dollars are mainly time deposits, with the original due date less than three months.
8   Short-term investments
                 
    As of December, 31  
    2010     2009  
Time deposit
    1,793       3,747  
 
           
    Represent low risk investments with original due date over three months.
9   Account receivable
    Accounts receivable from customers in the steel industry represent 74.47% of receivables at December 31, 2010.
    No single customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenues.
    Additional allowances for doubtful accounts charged to the statement of income as expenses in 2010 and 2009 totaled US$23 and US$48, respectively. We wrote-off US$37 in 2010 and US$8 in 2009.
                 
    As of December, 31  
    2010     2009  
Customers
               
Denominated in Brazilian Reais
    1,227       885  
Denominated in other currencies, mainly US dollars
    7,102       2,362  
 
           
 
    8,329       3,247  
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (118 )     (127 )
 
           
Total
    8,211       3,120  
 
           
10   Inventories
                 
    As of December, 31  
    2010     2009  
Products
               
 
               
Nickel (co-products and by-products)
    1,310       1,083  
Iron ore and pellets
    825       677  
Manganese and ferroalloys
    203       164  
Fertilizer
    171        
Aluminum products (*)
          135  
Kaolin (*)
          42  
Copper concentrate
    28       35  
Coal
    74       51  
Others
    143       51  
Spare parts and maintenance supplies
    1,544       958  
 
           
 
    4,298       3,196  
 
           
 
(*)   Classified as held for sale (see note 13)
    In December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, there were no adjustments to reduce inventories to market values.

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11   Recoverable taxes
                 
    As of December, 31  
    2010     2009  
Income tax
    459       908  
Value-added tax — ICMS
    484       290  
PIS and COFINS
    962       1,052  
Others
    59       78  
 
           
Total
    1,964       2,328  
 
           
 
               
Current
    1,603       1,511  
Non-current
    361       817  
 
           
 
    1,964       2,328  
 
           
12   Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
 
    By type of assets:
                                                 
    As of December 31, 2010   As of December 31, 2009
            Accumulated                   Accumulated    
    Cost   Depreciation   Net   Cost   Depreciation   Net
Land
    356             356       284             284  
Buildings
    6,087       (1,110 )     4,977       4,324       1,143       3,181  
Installations
    14,904       (4,231 )     10,673       14,063       4,160       9,903  
Equipment
    10,948       (3,637 )     7,311       7,499       2,380       5,119  
Railroads
    7,337       (2,357 )     4,980       6,685       2,016       4,669  
Mine development costs
    28,010       (4,071 )     23,939       20,205       2,957       17,248  
Others
    12,088       (2,987 )     9,101       10,418       3,123       7,295  
 
                                   
 
    79,730       (18,393 )     61,337       63,478       15,779       47,699  
Construction in progress
    21,759             21,759       19,938             19,938  
 
                                   
Total
    101,489       (18,393 )     83,096       83,416       15,779       67,637  
 
                                   
    Losses on disposal of property, plant and equipment totaled US$623, US$293 and US$376 in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Mainly relate write-offs of ships and trucks, locomotives and other equipment, which were replaced in the normal course of business.
    Assets given in guarantee of judicial processes totaled US$149 as at December 31, 2010 (US$222 as at December 31, 2009).
 
    Hydroelectric assets
    We participate in several jointly-owned hydroelectric plants, already in operation or under construction, in which we record our undivided interest in these assets as Property, plant and equipment.
    At December 31, 2010 the cost of hydroelectric plants in service totals US$1,432 (December 31, 2009 US$1,382) and the related depreciation in the year was US$422 (December 31, 2009 US$372). The cost of hydroelectric plant under construction at December 31, 2010 totals US$804 (December 31, 2009 US$521). Income and operating expenses for such plants are not material.
 
    Intangibles
    All of the intangible assets recognized in our financial statements were acquired from third parties, either directly or through a business combination and have definite useful lives from 6 to 30 years.
    At December 31, 2010 the intangibles amount to US$1,274 (December 31, 2009 — US$1,173), and are comprised of rights granted by the government — North-South Railroad of US$1,020 and off take-agreements of US$254.

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13   Assets and liabilities held for sale
    Aluminium
    In connection with our strategy of active portfolio asset management, on May 2, 2010, we entered into an agreement with Norsk Hydro ASA (Hydro), to sell all our stakes in Albras — Alumínio Brasileiro S.A. (Albras), Alunorte — Alumina do Norte do Brasil S.A. (Alunorte) and Companhia de Alumina do Pará (CAP), 60% of our Paragominas bauxite mine and all our other Brazilian bauxite mineral rights (“Aluminum Business”).
    For the participations of Albras, Alunorte, and CAP we will receive US$405 in cash, the assumption of US$700 of net debt by Hydro and a 22% stake in Hydro. For 60% of Paragominas and mineral rights we will receive US$600. We will sell the remaining 40% of Paragominas in two tranches, in 2013 and 2015, each for US$200 in cash. The sale is expected to be concluded in the near future.
    The Company has assessed that the expected fair value of the transaction is higher than the net asset carrying value and accordingly has maintained the original amounts. Also, because of the significant influence retained by the Company on Hydro, aluminum was not considered a discontinued operation.
    Kaolin
    As part of our portfolio management, we have entered into negotiations to sell our kaolin net assets. In 2010, a part of our kaolin’s assets was sold and we remeasured the remaining assets at fair value less costs to sell, and the effect of realized and unrealized loss was recorded as discontinued operations in our Statement of Income in 2010. For 2010 the values are presented below for comparative purposes.
         
Assets held for sale
       
Inventories
    366  
Property, plant and equipment
    4,844  
Advances to suppliers — energy
    496  
Recoverable taxes
    627  
Other assets
    654  
 
     
Total
    6,987  
 
     
 
       
Liabilities associated with assets held for sale
       
Suppliers
    290  
Long term debt
    705  
Noncontrolling interests
    1,885  
Other
    272  
 
     
Total
    3,152  
 
     
14   Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets
    As described in note 3(g), we test goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. For impairment test purposes, goodwill is allocated to reporting units and are tested at least annually.
    No impairment charges were recognized in 2010 and 2009, as a result of the annual goodwill impairment tests performed.
    Management determined cash flows based on approved financial budgets. Gross margin projections were based on past performance and management’s expectations of market developments. Information about sales prices are consistent with the forecasts included in industry reports, considering quoted prices when available and when appropriate. The discount rates used, reflect specific risks relating to the relevant assets in each reporting unit, depending on their composition and location.
    Recognition of additional goodwill impairment charges in the future would depend on several estimates including market conditions, recent actual results and management’s forecasts. This information shall be obtained at the time when our assessment is to be updated. It is not possible at this time to determine if any such future impairment charge would result or, if it does, whether such charge would be material.

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15   Investments in affiliated companies and joint ventures
                                                                                                                                                 
    December 31, 2010     Investments     Equity in earnings (losses) of investee adjustments     Dividends Received  
                            Net income                     Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31     Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31  
                  (loss) of the           December     September     December           December     September     December        
    Participation in capital (%)     Net equity     period     2010     2009     31, 2010     30, 2010     31, 2009     2010     2009     2008     31, 2010     30, 2010     31, 2009     2010     2009     2008  
    Voting     Total                                                                                                  
Bulk Material
                                                                                                                                               
Iron ore and pellets
                                                                                                                                               
Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização — NIBRASCO (1)
    51.11       51.00       334       93       171       132       12       30       (15 )     48       (12 )     84             3             3       20        
Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização — HISPANOBRÁS (1)
    51.00       50.89       250       77       128       83       35       1       (3 )     40       (12 )     59                                     6  
Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização — KOBRASCO (1)
    50.00       50.00       173       86       87       59       9       25       (9 )     43       (17 )     44             11             11             13  
Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização — ITABRASCO (1)
    51.00       50.90       169       33       86       90       14       1       4       18       12       34                         25              
Minas da Serra Geral SA — MSG
    50.00       50.00       73       11       36       31       4                   6       2       1                                      
SAMARCO Mineração SA — SAMARCO (2)
    50.00       50.00       1,058       1,596       561       673       261       247       58       798       299       315       575       225       140       950       190       300  
Baovale Mineração SA — BAOVALE
    50.00       50.00       61       8       31       30       2             1       4       (3 )     6                                      
Zhuhai YPM Pellet e Co,Ltd — ZHUHAI
    25.00       25.00       101       37       25       13       4             3       9       3       7                                      
Tecnored Desenvolvimento Tecnológico SA
    37.40       37.40       106       (28 )     40       46                         (10 )                                                
 
                                                                                                           
 
                                    1,165       1,157       341       304       39       956       272       550       575       239       140       989       210       319  
Coal
                                                                                                                                               
Henan Longyu Resources Co Ltd
    25.00       25.00       999       305       250       250       64       (26 )     19       76       74       79             44             83             27  
Shandong Yankuang International Company Ltd
    25.00       25.00       (106 )     (77 )     (27 )     (7 )     (7 )     (5 )     (4 )     (19 )     (18 )     (17 )                                    
 
                                                                                                           
 
                                    223       243       57       (31 )     15       57       56       62             44             83             27  
Base Metals
                                                                                                                                               
Bauxite
                                                                                                                                               
Mineração Rio do Norte SA — MRN
    40.00       40.00       381       (4 )     152       143       (8 )     4       (32 )     (2 )     (10 )     62       10             13       10       42       99  
 
                                                                                                                                               
Copper
                                                                                                                                               
Teal Minerals Incorpored
    50.00       50.00       181       (20 )     90       80       3             (8 )     (10 )     (18 )                                          
 
                                                                                                                                               
Nickel
                                                                                                                                               
Heron Resources Inc
                            7       8                                                                          
Korea Nickel Corp
                            11       13       2                   2                                                  
Others
                            5       9                                     (34 )                                    
 
                                                                                                           
 
                                    23       30       2                   2             (34 )                                    
Logistic
                                                                                                                                               
LOG-IN Logística Intermodal SA
    31.33       31.33       401       10       135       125       4                   4       2       20                               3       3  
MRS Logística SA
    37.86       41.50       1,233       217       511       468       28       26       65       90       141       113       37             90       72       124       34  
 
                                                                                                           
 
                                    646       593       32       26       65       94       143       133       37             90       72       127       37  
Others
                                                                                                                                               
Steel
                                                                                                                                               
California Steel Industries Inc — CSI
    50.00       50.00       310       25       155       150       (1 )     (2 )     (2 )     12       (10 )     11       7                   7             13  
THYSSENKRUPP CSA Companhia Siderúrgica
    26.87       26.87       6,846       (316 )     1,840       2,049       (75 )     (10 )     (6 )     (85 )     (6 )                                          
Usinas Siderúrgicas de Minas Gerais SA — USIMINAS
                                                                8       18                               7       18  
 
                                                                                                           
 
                                    1,995       2,199       (76 )     (12 )     (8 )     (73 )     (8 )     29       7                   7       7       31  
Other affiliates and joint ventures
                                                                                                                                               
Vale Soluções em Energia (1)
    51.00       51.00       226       (64 )     115       99       (33 )                 (33 )                                                
Others
                            88       41       (15 )     14             (4 )     (2 )     (8 )                                    
 
                                                                                                           
 
                                    203       140       (48 )     14             (37 )     (2 )     (8 )                                    
 
                                                                                                           
 
                                                                                                                                               
Total
                                    4,497       4,585       303       305       71       987       433       794       629       283       243       1,161       386       513  
 
                                                                                                           
 
(1)   Although Vale held a majority of the voting interest of investees accounted for under the equity method, existing veto rights held by noncontrolling shareholders under shareholder agreements preclude consolidation;
 
(2)   Investment includes goodwill of US$62 in December, 2009 and US$64 in December, 2010.

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16   Short-term debt
    Short-term borrowings outstanding on December 31, 2010 are from commercial banks for import financing denominated in US dollars with average annual interest rates of 2.0%.
17   Long-term debt
                                 
    Current liabilities     Long-term liabilities  
    2010     2009     2010     2009  
Foreign debt
                               
Loans and financing denominated in the following currencies:
                               
US dollars
    2,384       1,543       2,530       4,332  
Others
    18       29       217       411  
Fixed Rate Notes
                               
US dollars
                10,242       8,481  
EUR
                1,003        
Debt securities
          150              
Perpetual notes
                78       78  
Accrued charges
    233       198              
 
                       
 
    2,635       1,920       14,070       13,302  
 
                       
Brazilian debt
                               
Brazilian Reais indexed to Long-term Interest Rate — TJLP/CDI and General Price Index-Market (IGPM)
    76       62       3,891       3,433  
Basket of currencies
    1       1       125       3  
Non-convertible debentures
          861       2,767       2,592  
US dollars denominated
    1             738       568  
Accrued charges
    110       89              
     
 
    188       1,013       7,521       6,596  
     
Total
    2,823       2,933       21,591       19,898  
     
    The long-term portion at December 31, 2010 falls due as follows:
         
2012
    1,117  
2013
    3,311  
2014
    1,046  
2015
    745  
2016
    14,927  
No due date
    445  
 
       
 
 
    21,591  
 
       
    At December 31, 2010 annual interest rates on long-term debt were as follows:
         
Up to 3%
    5,645  
3.1% to 5% (*)
    2,185  
5.1% to 7%
    7,620  
7.1% to 9% (**)
    4,306  
9.1% to 11% (**)
    2,712  
Over 11% (**)
    1,866  
Variable
    80  
 
       
 
 
    24,414  
 
       
 
(*)   Includes Eurobonds. For this operation we have entered into derivative transactions at a cost of 4.71% per year in US dollars.
 
(**)   Includes non-convertible debentures and other Brazilian Real denominated debt that bear interest at the Brazilian Interbank Certificate of Deposit (CDI) and Brazilian Government Long-term Interest Rates (TJLP) plus a spread. For these operations we, have entered into derivative transactions to mitigate our exposure to the floating rate debt denominated in Brazilian Real, totaling US$5,835 of which US$5,461 has an original interest rate above 7.1% per year. The average cost after taking into account the derivative transactions is 3.13% per year in US dollars.
    The average cost of all derivative transactions is 3.35% per year in US dollars.

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(VALE LOGO)
    Vale has non-convertible debentures at Brazilian Real denominated as follow:
                                                 
    Quantity as of December 31, 2010                   Balance
Non Convertible Debentures   Issued   Outstanding   Maturity   Interest   2010   2009
1st Series
    150,000       150,000     November 20, 2010   101.75% CDI           869  
2nd Series
    400,000       400,000     November 20, 2013   100% CDI + 0.25%     2,429       2,318  
Tranche “B”
    5       5     No due date   6.5% p.a + IGP-DI     367       295  
 
                                               
 
 
                                    2,796       3,482  
 
                                               
 
                                               
Short-term portion
                                          861  
Long-term portion
                                    2,767       2,592  
Accrued chages
                                    29       29  
 
                                               
 
 
                                    2,796       3,482  
 
                                               
    The indexation indices/ rates applied to our debt were as follows:
                                         
                            Year ended as of  
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)     December, 31  
    December     September     December              
    31, 2010     30, 2010     31, 2009     2010     2009  
TJLP — Long-Term Interest Rate (effective rate)
    1.5       1.5       1.5       6.0       6.2  
IGP-M — General Price Index — Market
    3.2       2.1       (0.1 )     10.9       (1.7 )
Appreciation (devaluation) of Real against US dollar
    1.7       6.3       2.1       4.7       34.2  
    In September 2010, Vale also entered into agreements with The Export-Import Bank of China and the Bank of China Limited for the financing to build 12 very large ore carriers with 400,000 dwt, comprising of facility in an amount up to US$1,229. The financing has a 13-year total term to be repaid, and the funds will be disbursed during the next 3 years according to the construction schedule. As of December 31, 2010, we had drawn US$291 under the facility.
    In September 2010, we issued US$1 billion notes due 2020 and US$750 notes due 2039. The 2020 notes were sold at a price of 99.030% of the principal amount and will bear a coupon of 4.625% per year, payable semi-annually. The 2039 notes that were sold at a price of 110.872% of the principal amount will be consolidated with and form a single series with Vale Overseas US$1 billion 6.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2039 issued on November 10, 2009.
    In June 2010, Vale established some facilities in the total amount of R $774 or US$430 with Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Economico Social — BNDES to finance the acquisition of certain equipment. As of December 31, 2010, we had drawn the equivalent of US$123 under this facility.
    In June 2010, we entered into a bilateral pre-export finance agreement in the amount of US$500 and final tenor of 10 years.
    In March 2010, we issued EUR750, equivalent to US$1 billion, of 8-year euronotes at a price of 99.564% of the principal amount. These notes will mature in March 2018 and will bear a coupon of 4.375% per year, payable annually.
    In January 2010, we redeemed all outstanding export receivables securitization 10-year notes issued in September 2000 at an interest rate of 8.926% per year and the notes issued in July 2003 at an interest rate of 4.43% per year. The outstanding principal amounts of those September 2010 notes were US$28 and for the July 2013 notes were US$122, totaling US$150 of debt redeemed.
 
    Credit Lines
    We have revolving credit lines available under which amounts can be drawn down and repaid at the option of the borrower. At December 31, 2010, the total amount available under revolving credit lines was US$1,600, of which US$850 was granted to Vale International and the balance to Vale Canada Limited. As of December 31, 2010, neither Vale International nor Vale Canada Limited had drawn any amounts under these facilities, but US$114 of letters of credit were issued and remained outstanding pursuant Vale Canada Limited’s facility.
    In January 2011 (subsequent period), we entered into an agreement with some commercial banks with the guarantee of the Italian credit agency, Servizi Assicurativi Del Commercio Estero S.p.A (SACE), to provide us with a US$300 facility with a final tenor of 10 years.

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    In October 2010, we entered into agreement with Export Development Canada (EDC), for the financing of our capital expenditure program. Pursuant to the agreement, EDC will provide a facility in an amount up to US$1 billion. US$500 will be available for investments in Canada and the remaining US$500 will be related to existing and future Canadian purchases of goods and services. As of December 2010, Vale had drawn US$250 under the facility.
    In May 2008, we entered into framework agreements with the Japan Bank for International Cooperation in the amount of US$3 billion and Nippon Export and Investment Insurance in the amount of US$2 billion for the financing of mining, logistics and power generation projects. In November, 2009, Vale signed a US$300 export facility agreement, through its subsidiary, PT International Nickel Indonesia Tbk (PTI), with Japanese financial institutions using credit insurance provided by Nippon Export and Investment Insurance — NEXI, to finance the construction of the Karebbe hydroelectric power plant on the Larona river, island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Through December 31, 2010, PT International had drawn down US$150 on this facility.
    In 2008, we established a credit line for R$7,300, or US$4 billion, with Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social — BNDES (the Brazilian National Development Bank) to support our investment program. As of December 31, 2010, we had drawn the equivalent of US$1,153 under this facility.
 
    Guarantee
    On December 31, 2010, US$2 (December 31, 2009 — US$753) of the total aggregate outstanding debt were secured by receivables. The remaining outstanding debt in the amount of US$24,412 (December 31, 2009 — US$22,078) were unsecured.
    Our principal covenants require us to maintain certain ratios, such as debt to EBITDA and interest coverage. We have not identified any events of noncompliance as of December 31, 2010.
18   Stockholders’ equity
    Each holder of common and preferred class A stock is entitled to one vote for each share on all matters brought before stockholders’ meetings, except for the election of the Board of Directors, which is restricted to the holders of common stock. The Brazilian Government holds twelve preferred special shares which confer permanent veto rights over certain matters.
    Both common and preferred stockholders are entitled to receive a mandatory minimum dividend of 25% of annual adjusted net income under Brazilian GAAP, once declared at the annual stockholders’ meeting. In the case of preferred stockholders, this dividend cannot be less than 6% of the preferred capital as stated in the statutory accounting records or, if greater, 3% of the Brazilian GAAP equity value per share.
    In January 2011 (subsequent period), the Board of Directors approved the extraordinary payment from January 31, 2011, of interest on capital, in the total gross amount of US $1 billion, which corresponds to approximately US$0.191634056 per outstanding shares, common or preferred, of Vale issuance, referred to the anticipated distribution of income of the year of 2010, calculated on the balance of June 2010, this value is subject to the incidence of income tax withheld at the rate in force.
    On October 14, 2010, the Board of Directors approved the following proposals: (i) payment of the second tranche of the minimum dividend of US$1,250 billion and (ii) payment of an additional dividend of US$500. The payments were made on October 29, 2010.
    On September 23, 2010, the Board of Directors approved a share buy-back program. The shares are to be held in treasury for subsequent sale or cancellation, amounting up to US$2 billion and involving up to 64,810,513 common shares and up to 98,367,748 preferred shares. As of December 31, 2010 we had acquired 10,029,700 common shares and 21,125,300 preferred shares. The share buy-back program was completely executed in October 2010.
    In April 2010, we paid US$1,250 as a first installment of the dividend to stockholders. The distribution was made in the form of interest on stockholders’ equity.
    In June 2010, the notes series Rio and Rio P were converted into ADS and represent an aggregate of 49,305,205 common shares and 26,130,033 preferred class A shares respectively. The conversion was made using 75,435,238 treasury stocks held by the Company. The difference between the conversion amount and the book value of the treasury stocks of US$1,379 was accounted for in additional paid-in capital in the stockholder’s equity.
    The outstanding issued mandatory convertible notes as of December 31, 2010, are as follows:

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(VALE LOGO)
                                         
    Date   Value      
Headings   Emission   Expiration   Gross   Net of charges   Coupon  
Tranches Vale and Vale P - 2012
  July/2009   June/2012     942     934     6,75% p.a.  
    The notes pay a coupon quarterly and are entitled to an additional remuneration equivalent to the cash distribution paid to ADS holders. These notes were classified as a capital instrument, mainly due to the fact that neither the Company nor the holders have the option to settle the operation, whether fully or partially, with cash, and the conversion is mandatory, consequently, they were recognized as a specific component of shareholders’ equity, net of financial charges.
    The funds linked to future mandatory conversion, net of charges are equivalent to the maximum of common shares and preferred shares, as follows. All the shares are currently held in treasury.
                                 
    Maximum amount of action   Value
Headings   Common   Preferred   Common   Preferred
Tranches Vale and Vale P - 2012
    18,415,859       47,284,800       293       649  
    In January 2011 (subsequent period), Vale paid additional remuneration to holders of mandatorily convertible notes, series VALE-2012 and VAPE.P-2012, R$0.7776700 and R$0.8994610, respectively, and in October 2010, VALE-2012 and VAPE P-2012, R$1.381517 and R$1.597876 per note, respectively.
    In April, 2010, we paid additional interest to holders of mandatorily convertible notes: series RIO and RIO P, US$0.417690 and US$0.495742 per note, respectively, and series VALE-2012 and VALE.P-2012, US$0.602336 and US$0.696668 per note, respectively.
    Brazilian law permits the payment of cash dividends only from retained earnings as stated in the BR GAAP statutory records and such payments are made in Brazilian reais. Pursuant to the Company’s statutory books, undistributed retained earnings at December 31, 2010, total US$26,150, comprising of the unrealized income and expansion reserves, which could be freely transferred to retained earnings and paid as dividends, if approved by the stockholders, after deducting of the minimum annual mandatory dividend, which is 25% of net income of the parent Company.
    No withholding tax is payable on distribution of profits earned, except for distributions in the form of interest attributed to stockholders’ equity (Note 3 (p)).
    Brazilian laws and our By-laws require that certain appropriations be made from retained earnings to reserve accounts on an annual basis, all determined in accordance with amounts stated in the statutory accounting records, as detailed below:
    The purpose and basis of appropriation to such reserves is described below:
    Unrealized income reserve — this represents principally our share of the earnings of affiliates and joint ventures, not yet received in the form of cash dividends.
    Expansion reserve — this is a general reserve for expansion of our activities.
    Legal reserve — this reserve is a requirement for all Brazilian corporations and represents the appropriation of 5% of annual net income up to a limit of 20% of capital stock all determined under Brazilian GAAP.
    Fiscal incentive investment reserve — this reserve results from an option to designate a portion of income tax otherwise payable, for investment in government approved projects and is recorded in the year following that in which the taxable income was earned. As from 2000, this reserve basically contemplates income tax incentives (Note 6).

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(VALE LOGO)
Basic and diluted earnings per share
    Basic and diluted earnings per share amounts have been calculated as follows:
                                                 
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,      
    2010     2010     2009     2010     2009     2008  
Net income from continuing operations attributable to Company’s stockholders
    5,917       6,030       1,519       17,407       5,349       13,218  
Discontinued operations, net of tax
          8             (143 )            
 
                                   
Net income attributable to Company’s stockholders
    5,917       6,038       1,519       17,264       5,349       13,218  
 
                                               
Interest attributed to preferred convertible notes
    (23 )     (11 )     (19 )     (72 )     (58 )     (46 )
Interest attributed to common convertible notes
    (10 )     (5 )     (23 )     (61 )     (93 )     (96 )
 
                                   
Net income for the period adjusted
    5,884       6,022       1,477       17,131       5,198       13,076  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Basic and diluted earnings per share
                                               
 
                                               
Income available to preferred stockholders
    2,231       2,314       559       6,566       1,967       5,027  
Income available to common stockholders
    3,579       3,635       876       10,353       3,083       7,823  
Income available to convertible notes linked to preferred shares
    53       53       21       153       75       78  
Income available to convertible notes linked to common shares
    21       21       21       59       73       148  
 
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (thousands of shares) — preferred shares
    1,997,276       2,056,473       2,030,998       2,035,783       2,030,700       1,946,454  
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (thousands of shares) — common shares
    3,204,203       3,230,765       3,181,727       3,210,023       3,181,706       3,028,817  
Treasury preferred shares linked to mandatorily convertible notes
    47,285       47,285       77,580       47,285       77,580       30,295  
Treasury common shares linked to mandatorily convertible notes
    18,416       18,416       74,998       18,416       74,998       56,582  
 
                                   
Total
    5,267,180       5,352,939       5,365,303       5,311,507       5,364,984       5,062,148  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Earnings per preferred share
    1.12       1.13       0.28       3.23       0.97       2.58  
Earnings per common share
    1.12       1.13       0.28       3.23       0.97       2.58  
Earnings per convertible notes linked to preferred share (*)
    1.61       1.35       0.52       4.76       1.71       4.09  
Earnings per convertible notes linked to common share (*)
    1.68       1.41       0.59       6.52       2.21       4.29  
 
                                               
Continuous operations
                                               
Earnings per preferred share
    1.12       1.13             3.25              
Earnings per common share
    1.12       1.13             3.25              
Earnings per convertible notes linked to preferred share (*)
    1.61       1.35             4.78              
Earnings per convertible notes linked to common share (*)
    1.68       1.41             6.57              
 
                                               
Discontinued operations
                                               
Earnings per preferred share
                      (0.02 )            
Earnings per common share
                      (0.02 )            
Earnings per convertible notes linked to preferred share (*)
                      (0.02 )            
Earnings per convertible notes linked to common share (*)
                      (0.05 )            
 
(*)   Basic earnings per share only, as dilution assumes conversion

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    If the conversion of the convertible notes had been included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share they would have generated the following dilutive effect as shown below:
                                                 
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,                    
    2010     2010     2009     2010     2009     2008  
Income available to preferred stockholders
    2,307       2,378       599       6,791       2,100       5,151  
Income available to common stockholders
    3,610       3,660       920       10,473       3,249       8,067  
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (thousands of shares) — preferred shares
    2,044,561       2,103,758       2,108,578       2,083,068       2,108,280       1,976,749  
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (thousands of shares) — common shares
    3,222,619       3,249,181       3,256,725       3,228,439       3,256,704       3,085,399  
 
Earnings per preferred share
    1.13       1.13       0.28       3.26       1.00       2.61  
Earnings per common share
    1.12       1.13       0.28       3.24       1.00       2.61  
 
                                               
Continuous operations
                                               
Earnings per preferred share
    1.13       1.13             3.29              
Earnings per common share
    1.12       1.13             3.27              
 
                                               
Discontinued operations
                                               
Earnings per preferred share
                      (0.03 )            
Earnings per common share
                      (0.03 )            
19   Pension plans
    Vale sponsors a complementary pension plan with Defined Benefits characteristics, including substantially all employees, in which its benefits are calculated based on work time, age, contribution salary and complementation to the social security benefits. This plan is managed by VALIA — Vale's Pension Fund — and was funded by sponsor and employees contributions on a monthly basis, which were calculated based on periodic actuarial estimates.
    In May 2000, it was implemented a new complementary pension plan with variable contribution characteristics, contemplating the programmed retirement income and the risk benefits (pension by death, retirement by disability and disability insurance). On this plan launching (Vale Mais Benefit Plan), it was offered to the active employees the opportunity to migrate to it. Over 98% of the active employees decided to do this migration. The Defined Benefit Plan is still running, covering almost exclusively retired participants and their beneficiaries.
    Additionally, a specific group of ex-employees has the right to additional payments over the regular Velia’s benefits, through the “Abono Complementção” added by a post-retirement benefit that includes medical, dental and pharmaceutical assistance.
    In 2010 with the purchase of fertilizer business, Vale consolidated commitments assumed with pension fund of defined benefit and other post-retirement benefits plans, as follow:
    Defined benefit plan maintained through the Fundação PETROBRAS de Seguridade Social — PETROS, for employees hired before September 1993 of Ultrafertil S.A., wholly owned subsidiary of Vale Fertilizers. This pension plan has 1.684, of which 1.466 are already receiving supplemental retirement and pension.
 
    Private Pension Plan, in the modality of Benefits Guarantee Fund, managed by Bradesco Previdência e Seguros S.A., aims to meet the eligible employees of Vale Fertilizantes and employees not served by PETROS of subsidiary Ultrafertil S.A.
 
    The Vale Fertilizantes and it’s wholly subsidiaries pay to employees who are eligible the fine FGTS according to union agreement and provide certain health benefits for retired employees who are eligible.
 
    Vale Fosfatados has a plan in a modality of defined contribution plan administered by Bungeprev, which guarantees a minimum benefit at retirement for eligible employees, moreover, the company provides certain health benefits for retired employees.
    Upon the acquisition of Inco, we assumed benefits through defined benefit pension plans that cover essentially all its employees and post retirement benefits other than pensions that also provide certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees.
    The following information details the status of the defined benefit elements of all plans in accordance with employers’ disclosure about pensions and other post retirement benefits” and employers’ accounting for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans”, as amended.
    We use a measurement date of December 31 for our pension and post retirement benefit plans.
         a) Change in benefit obligation
                                                 
    As of December 31  
                    2010                     2009  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded     Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded  
    pension plans     pension plans     other benefits     pension plans     pension plans     other benefits  
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
    3,661       3,923       1,431       2,424       3,031       1,069  
Benefit initial recognized consolidation
    385       12       58                    
Transfers
    (936 )     936                          
Service cost
    2       59       26       11       43       17  
Interest cost
    329       360       102       313       249       88  
Plan amendment
    (28 )     10       (2 )                  
Assumptions changes
    87       65       6                    
Benefits paid/ Actual distribution
    (237 )     (364 )     (78 )     (226 )     (279 )     (65 )
Effect of exchange rate changes
    126       241       71       843       555       187  
Actuarial loss
    234       425       (13 )     296       324       135  
 
                                   
Benefit obligation at end of year
    3,623       5,667       1,601       3,661       3,923       1,431  
 
                                   

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(VALE LOGO)
b) Change in plan assets
                                                 
                                    As of December 31  
                    2010                     2009  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded     Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded  
    pension plans     pension plans     other benefits     pension plans     pension plans     other benefits  
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
    4,996       3,229       11       3,043       2,507       9  
Fair value initial recognized consolidation
    451       10                          
Transfers
    (866 )     866                          
Actual return on plan assets
    1,094       541       1       1,121       402       1  
Employer contributions
    2       169       80       40       155       65  
Benefits paid/ Actual distribution
    (265 )     (364 )     (80 )     (226 )     (279 )     (65 )
Effect of exchange rate changes
    173       194       1       1,018       444       1  
 
                                   
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
    5,585       4,645       13       4,996       3,229       11  
 
                                   
    Plan assets managed by Valia on December 31, 2010, 31 December 2009 and January 1, 2009 include investments in portfolio of our own stock of US$519, US$587 and US$188, investments in debentures worth US$64, US$69 and US$53 and equity investments from related parties amounting to US$81, US$164 and US$44, respectively. They also include on December 31, 2010, 31 December 2009 and January 1, 2009, US$4,150, US$3,261 and US$2,152 of securities of the Federal Government. The assets of the pension plans of the Vale Canada Limited in securities of the Government of Canada on December 31, 2010, 2009 and January 1, 2009, amounted to US$436, US$391and US$347, respectively. The assets of Vale Fertilizantes, Ultrafértil and Vale Fosfatados in December 31, 2010 in securities of the Federal Government worth US$158.
c) Funded Status and Financial Position
                                                 
                                    As of December 31  
                    2010                     2009  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded     Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded  
    pension plans     pension plans     other benefits     pension plans     pension plans     other benefits  
Noncurrent assets
    1,962                   1,335              
Current liabilities
          (35 )     (133 )           (62 )     (82 )
Non-current liabilities
          (1,042 )     (1,400 )           (632 )     (1,338 )
 
                                   
Funded status
    1,962       (1,077 )     (1,533 )     1,335       (694 )     (1,420 )
 
                                   
d) Assumptions used (nominal terms)
    All calculations involve future actuarial projections about of some parameters, such as salaries, interest, inflation, the behavior of INSS benefits, mortality, disability, etc. No actuarial results can be analyzed without prior knowledge of the scenario of assumptions used in the assessment.
    The economic actuarial assumptions adopted were formulated considering the long period for its maturing and should therefore be examined in that light. So, in the short term, they may not necessarily be realized.
    In the evaluations were adopted the following economic assumptions:
                                                 
                                            Brazil  
                                    As of December 31  
                    2010                     2009  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded     Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded  
    pension plans     pension plans     other benefits     pension plans     pension plans     other benefits  
Discount rate
    11.30% p.a.       11.30% p.a.       11.30% p.a.       11.08% p.a.       11.08% p.a.       11.08% p.a.  
Expected return on plan assets
    12.00% p.a.       11.50% p.a.       N/A       11.91% p.a.       10.50% p.a.       N/A  
Rate of compensation increase — up to 47 years
    8.15% p.a.       8.15% p.a.       N/A       7.64% p.a.       N/A       N/A  
Rate of compensation increase — over 47 years
    5.00% p.a.       5.00% p.a.       N/A       4.50% p.a.       N/A       N/A  
Inflation
    5.00% p.a.       5.00% p.a.       5.00% p.a.       4.50% p.a.       4.50% p.a.       4.50% p.a.  
Health care cost trend rate
    N/A       N/A       8.15% p.a.       N/A       N/A       7.63% p.a.  
                                                 
    Foreign  
    As of December 31  
    2010     2009  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded     Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded  
    pension plans     pension plans     other benefits     pension plans     pension plans     other benefits  
Discount rate
    N/A       6.21% p.a.       5,44% p.a.       N/A       6.21% p.a.       6.20% p.a.  
Expected return on plan assets
    N/A       7.02% p.a.       6.50% p.a.       N/A       7.00% p.a.       6.23% p.a.  
Rate of compensation increase — up to 47 years
    N/A       4.11% p.a.       3,58% p.a.       N/A       4.11% p.a.       3.58% p.a.  
Rate of compensation increase — over 47 years
    N/A       4.11% p.a.       3,58% p.a.       N/A       4.11% p.a.       3.58% p.a.  
Inflation
    N/A       2.00% p.a.       2.00% p.a.       N/A       2.00% p.a.       2.00% p.a.  
Initial health care cost trend rate
    N/A       N/A       7.35% p.a       N/A       N/A       7.60% p.a.  
Ultimate health care cost trend rate
    N/A       N/A       4.49% p.a       N/A       N/A       4.47% p.a.  

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(VALE LOGO)
e) Pension costs
                         
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)  
    December 31, 2010  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded other  
    pension plans     pension plans     benefits  
Service cost — benefits earned during the period
    1       8       7  
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation
    85       91       23  
Expected return on assets
    (139 )     (76 )      
Amortizations and (gain) / loss
          6       (7 )
Net deferral
                 
 
                 
Net periodic pension cost (credit)
    (53 )     29       23  
 
                 
                         
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)  
    September 30, 2010  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded other  
    pension plans     pension plans     benefits  
Service cost — benefits earned during the period
    1       19       8  
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation
    104       92       26  
Expected return on assets
    (159 )     (83 )      
Amortizations and (gain) / loss
          1        
Net deferral
    (1 )     12       (9 )
 
                 
Net periodic pension cost (credit)
    (55 )     41       25  
 
                 
                         
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)  
    December 31, 2009  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded other  
    pension plans     pension plans     benefits  
Service cost — benefits earned during the period
    4       14       5  
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation
    117       93       32  
Expected return on assets
    (161 )     (68 )      
Amortizations and (gain) / loss
    5       4       (19 )
Net deferral
          1       3  
 
                 
Net periodic pension cost (credit)
    (35 )     44       21  
 
                 
                                                 
    Year ended of December, 31  
    2010     2009  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded     Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded  
    pension plans     pension plans     other benefits     pension plans     pension plans     other benefits  
Service cost — benefits earned during the year
    2       59       27       11       43       17  
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation
    329       361       97       313       255       88  
Expected return on assets
    (531 )     (321 )           (431 )     (202 )     (1 )
Amortizations and (gain) / loss
          18       (14 )     14       3       (19 )
Net deferral
    (1 )                     14       (14 )
                       
Net periodic pension costs (credit)
    (201 )     117       110       (93 )     113       71  
                       
f) Accumulated benefit obligation
                                                 
    2010     2009  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded     Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded  
    pension plans     pension plans     other benefits     pension plans     pension plans     other benefits  
Accumulated benefit obligation
    3,612       5,540       1,601       3,645       3,826       1,431  
Projected benefit obligation
    3,623       5,667       1,601       3,661       3,923       1,431  
Fair value of plan assets
    (5,585 )     (4,645 )     (13 )     (4,996 )     (3,229 )     (11 )
g) Impact of 1% variation in assumed health care cost trend rate
                                 
    1% increase     1% decrease  
    2010     2009     2010     2009  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Overfunded     Underfunded  
    pension plans     pension plans     pension plans     pension plans  
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (APBO)
    213       199       (172 )     (163 )
Interest and service costs
    22       18       (17 )     (14 )

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(VALE LOGO)
h) Other Cumulative Comprehensive Income (Deficit)
                                                 
          As of December 31  
    2010     2009  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded     Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded  
    pension plans     pension plans     other benefits     pension plans     pension plans     other benefits  
Net transition (obligation) / asset
                      2              
Net prior service (cost)/credit
          (15 )                 (8 )      
Net actuarial (loss) / gain
    243       (628 )     335       79       (330 )     301  
Effect of exchange rate changes
    (1 )           (1 )     (91 )     (7 )     (4 )
Deferred income tax
    (82 )     201       (111 )     3       111       (94 )
 
                                   
Amounts recognized in other cumulative comprehensive income (deficit)
    160       (442 )     223       (7 )     (234 )     203  
 
                                   
i) Change in Other Cumulative Comprehensive Income (Deficit)
                                                 
          As of December 31  
    2010     2009  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded     Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded  
    pension plans     pension plans     other benefits     pension plans     pension plans     other benefits  
Net transition (obligation)/asset not yet recognized in NPPC at beginning of period
                      (12 )            
Net actuarial (loss) / gain not yet recognized in NPPC at beginning of period
    (18 )     (337 )     297     (261 )     (196 )     406  
Transfers
    8     (8 )                        
Deferred income tax at beginning of period
    3     111     (94 )     93       83       (147 )
 
                                   
Effect of initial recognition of cumulative comprehensive Income (deficit)
    (7 )     (234 )     203     (180 )     (113 )     259  
Reclassifications
                                               
Amortization of net transition (obligation)/asset
                      14              
Amortization of net actuarial (loss)/gain
          (1 )     9           5       (19 )
Total net actuarial (loss)/gain arising during period
    261     (277 )     11     340       (112 )     (142 )
Transfers
    (8 )     8                        
Effect of exchange rate changes
    (1 )     (28 )     17     (91 )     (42 )     52  
Deferred income tax
    (85 )     90     (17 )     (90 )     28       53  
 
                                   
Total recognized in other cumulative comprehensive income (deficit)
    160     (442 )     223     (7 )     (234 )     203  
 
                                   

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(VALE LOGO)
j) Plan assets
Brazilian Plans
The Investment Policy Statements of pension plans sponsored for Brazilian employees are based on a long term macroeconomic scenario and expected returns. An Investment Policy Statement was established for each obligation by following results of this strategic asset allocation study in 2009.
Plans asset allocations comply with pension funds local regulation issued by CMN — Conselho Monetário Nacional (Resolução CMN 3792/09). We are allowed to invest in six different asset classes, defined as Segments by the law, as follows: Fixed Income, Equity, Structured Investments (Alternative Investments and Infra-Structure Projects), International Investments, Real Estate and Loans to Participants.
The Investment Policy Statements are approved by the Board, the Executive Directors and two Investments Committees. The internal and external portfolio managers are allowed to exercise the investment discretion under the limitations imposed by the Board and the Investment Committees.
The pension fund has a risk management process with established policies that intend to identify measure and control all kind of risks faced by our plans, such as: market, liquidity, credit, operational, systemic and legal.
Foreign plans
The strategy for each of the pension plans sponsored by Vale Inco is based upon a combination of local practices and the specific characteristics of the pension plans in each country, including the structure of the liabilities, the risk versus reward trade-off between different asset classes and the liquidity required to meet benefit payments.
Overfunded pension plans
Brazilian Plans
The Defined Benefit Plan (the “Old Plan”) has the majority of its assets allocated in fixed income, mainly in Brazilian government bonds (like TIPS) and corporate long term inflation linked bonds with the objective to reduce the asset-liability volatility. The target is 55% of the total assets. This LDI (Liability Driven Investments) strategy, when considered together with Loans to Participants segment, aims to hedge plan’s liabilities against inflation risk and volatility. Other segments or asset classes have their targets, as follows: Fixed Income — 52%; Equity — 28%; Structured Investments — 6%; International Investments — 2%; Real estate — 7% and Loans to Participants — 5%. Structured Investments segment has invested only in Private Equity Funds in an amount of US$128 and US$87 at the end of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
The Investment Policy has the objective to achieve the adequate diversification, current income and long term capital growth through the combination of all asset classes described above to fulfill its obligations with the adequate level of risk. This plan has an average nominal return of 20.87% p.a. in dollars terms in the last 11 years.

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(VALE LOGO)
- Fair value measurements by category — Overfunded Plans
                                                                 
    As of December 31  
    2010     2009  
Asset by category   Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3  
Cash and cash equivalents
    6       6                   1       1              
Accounts Receivable
    81       81                   16       16              
Equity securities — liquid
    1,321       1,321                   1,303       1,303              
Equity securities — non-liquid
    75             75             64             64        
Debt securities — Corporate bonds
    229             229             143             143        
Debt securities — Financial Institutions
    191             191             226             226        
Debt securities — Government bonds
    2,114       2,114                   1,744       1,744              
Investment funds — Fixed Income
    1,610       1,610                   2,037       2,037              
Investment funds — Equity
    513       513                   577       577              
International investments
    23       23                                      
Structured investments — Private Equity funds
    128                   128       97                   97  
Structured investments — Real estate funds
    19                   19                          
Real estate
    288                   288       249                   249  
Loans to Participants
    182                   182       282                   282  
 
                                               
Total
    6,780       5,668       495       617       6,739       5,678       433       628  
 
                                               
Funds not related to risk plans
    (1,195 )                             (1,743 )                        
 
                                               
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
    5,585                               4,996                          
 
                                               
- Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs — Level 3 (Overfunded)
                                                                         
    As of December 31  
    2010     2009  
    Private Equity     Real Estate             Loans to             Private Equity             Loans to        
    Funds     Funds     Real State     Participants     Total     Funds     Real State     Participants     Total  
Beginning of the year
    97             249       282       628       72       156       229       457  
 
                                                     
 
                                                               
Actual return os plan assets
    (3 )     1       49       25       72       30       21       123       91  
Initial recognized consolidation of Fosfertil
                22       5       27                          
Assets sold during the period
    (3 )     (1 )     (24 )     (75 )     (103 )     (57 )     (11 )     (171       (180 )
Assets purchases, sales and settlemnts
    43             25       62       130       28       29       45       102  
Cumulative translation adjustment
    4       1       9       7       21       24       54       78       156  
Transfers in and/or out of
Level 3
    (10 )     18       (42 )     (124 )     (158 )                      
 
                                                     
 
End of the year
    128       19       288       182       617       97       249       282       628  
 
                                                     
The return target for private equity assets in 2011 is 11.51%. The target allocation is 6%, ranging between 2% and 10%. These investments have a longer investment horizon and low liquidity that aim to profit from economic growth, especially in the infrastructure sector of the Brazilian economy. Usually non-liquid assets’ fair value is established considering: acquisition cost or book value. Some private equity funds, alternatively, apply the following methodologies: discounted cash flows analysis or analysis based on multiples.
The return target for loans to participants in 2011 is 16.05%. The fair value pricing of these assets includes provisions for non-paid loans, according to the local pension fund regulation.
The return target for real estate assets in 2011 is 12.89%. Fair value for these assets is considered book value. The pension fund hires companies specialized in real estate valuation that do not act in the market as brokers. All valuation techniques follow the local regulation.
Underfunded pension plans
Brazilian Obligation
The Vale Mais Plan (the “New Plan”) has obligations with characteristics of defined benefit and defined contribution plans, as mentioned. The majority of its investments is in fixed income. It also implemented a LDI (Liability Driven Investments) strategy to reduce asset-liability volatility of the defined benefits plan’s component by using inflation linked bonds (like TIPS). The target allocation is 55% in fixed income. Other segments or asset classes has their targets, as follows: Fixed Income — 59%; Equity — 24%; Structured Investments — 2%; International Investments — 1%; Real estate — 4% and Loans to Participants — 10%. Structured Investments segment has invested only in Private Equity Funds in an amount of US$15 and US$10 at the end of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
The Defined Contribution Vale Mais component offers three options of asset classes mix that can be chosen by participants. The options are: Fixed Income — 100%; 80% Fixed Income and 20% Equities and 65% Fixed Income and 35% Equities. Loan to participants is included in the fixed income options. Equities management is done through investment fund that targets Ibovespa index.
The Investment Policy Statement has the objective to achieve the adequate diversification, current income and long term capital growth through the combination of all asset classes described above to fulfill its obligations with the adequate level of risk. This obligation and targets with the adequate level of risk. This plan has an average nominal return of 15.67% p.a. in dollars terms in the last 7 years.
The obligation of the “Abono Complementcäo” plan has an exclusive allocation in fixed income. It was also used a LDI (Liability Driven Investments) strategy for this plan. Most of the resources were invested in long term Brazilian government bonds (similar to TIPS) and inflation linked corporate bonds with the objective of minimizing asset-liability volatility and reduce inflation risk.
The Investment Policy Statement has the objective to achieve the adequate diversification, current income and long term capital growth to fulfill its obligations with the adequate level of risk. This obligation has an average nominal return of 16.28% per year in local currency in the last 5 years.

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(VALE LOGO)
Foreign plans
For all pension plans except PT Inco, this has resulted in a target asset allocation of 60% in equity investments and 40% in fixed income investments, with all securities being traded in the public markets. Fixed income investments are in domestic bonds for each plan’s market and involve a mixture of government and corporate bonds. Equity investments are primarily global in nature and involve a mixture of large, mid and small capitalization companies with a modest explicit investment in domestic equities for each plan. The Canadian plans also use a currency hedging strategy (each developed currency’s exposure is 50% hedged) due to the large exposure to foreign securities. For PT Inco, the target allocation is 20% equity investment and the remainder in fixed income, with the vast majority of these investments being made within the domestic market.
- Fair value measurements by category — Underfunded Pension Plans
                                                                 
    As of December 31  
    2010     2009  
Cash and cash equivalents
    52       22       30             33       12       21        
Accounts Receivable
    20       20                                      
Equity securities — liquid
    1,617       1,617                   1,347       1,347              
Equity securities — non-liquid
    11       6       5                                
Debt securities — Corporate bonds
    55             55             12             12        
Debt securities — Financial Institutions
    120             120             19             19        
Debt securities — Government bonds
    786       370       416             445       50       395        
Investment funds — Fixed Income
    1,799       1,079       720             988       287       701        
Investment funds — Equity
    437       91       346             409       87       322        
International investments
    6       3       3                                
Investment funds — Private Equity
    216       216                                      
Structured investments — Private Equity funds
    15                   15                          
Structured investments — Real estate funds
    1                   1                          
Real estate
    37                   37                          
Loans to Participants
    151                   151                          
 
                                               
Total
    5,323       3,424       1,695       204       3,253       1,783       1,470        
 
                                               
Funds not related to risk plans
    (678 )                             (24 )                        
 
       
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
    4,645                               3,229                          
 
       
- Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs — Level 3 (Underfunded)
                                                                                 
    As of December 31          
    2010     2009          
    Private Equity     Real Estate             Loans to             Private Equity             Loans to                
    Funds     Funds     Real State     Participants     Total     Funds     Real State     Participants     Total          
Beginning of the year
                                                     
 
                                                     
Actual return os plan assets
    (2 )           4       20       22                          
Assets sold during the period
    7             (2 )     (57 )     (52 )                        
Assets purchases, sales and settlemnts
                10       58       68                          
Cumulative translation adjustment
                1       6       7                          
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3
    10       1       24       124       159                          
 
                                                     
End of the year
    15       1       37       151       204                          
 
                                                     
The return target for private equity assets in 2011 is 11.51% in local currency. The Vale Mais plan target allocation is 2%, ranging between 1% and 10%. These investments have a longer investment horizon and low liquidity that aim to profit from economic growth, especially in the infra-structure sector of the Brazilian economy. Usually non-liquid assets’ fair value is established considering: acquisition cost or book value. Some private equity funds can, alternatively, apply to the following valuation methodologies: discounted cash flows analysis or analysis based on multiples.
The return target for the loan to participants segment in 2011 is 16.05%. In the fair value of these assets non paid loans provisions are considered, according to local pension fund legislation.
The return target for the real estate segment in 2011 is 12.89%. The fair value of these assets is the book value. We hired specialized companies in property valuation that are not in the market as brokers. All the valuation techniques are under the local legislation.
Underfunded other benefits
- Fair value measurements by category — Other Benefits
                                 
    As of December 31  
    2010     2009  
Asset by category     Total     Level 1     Total     Level 1
Cash
    13       13       11       11  
 
                               
 
                       
Total
    13       13       11       11  
 
                       
k) Cash flows contributions
Employer contributions expected for 2011 are US$310.
l) Estimated future benefit payments
The benefit payments, which reflect future service, are expected to be made as follows:
                                 
    As of December 31, 2010  
    Overfunded     Underfunded     Underfunded other        
    pension plans     pension plans     benefits     Total  
2011
    271       399       87       757  
2012
    274       398       91       763  
2013
    273       396       94       763  
2014
    275       392       96       763  
2015
    275       389       98       762  
2016 and thereafter
    1,317       1,913       488       3,718  

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20   Long-term incentive compensation plan
    Under the terms of the long-term incentive compensation plan, the participants, restricted to certain executives, may elect to allocate part of their annual bonus to the plan. The allocation is applied to purchase preferred shares of Vale, through a predefined financial institution, at market conditions and with no benefit provided by Vale.
    The shares purchased by each executive are unrestricted and may, at the participant’s discretion, be sold at any time. However, the shares must be held for a three-year period and the executive must be continually employed by Vale during that period. The participant then becomes entitled to receive from Vale a cash payment equivalent to the total amount of shares held, based on the market rates. The total shares linked to the plan at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, are 2,458,627 and 1,809,117, respectively.
    Additionally, as a long-term incentive certain eligible executives have the opportunity to receive at the end of the triennial cycle, a certain number of shares at market rates, based on an evaluation of their career and performance factors measured as an indicator of total return to stockholders.
    We account for the compensation cost provided to our executives under this long-term incentive compensation plan, following the requirements for Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Liabilities are measured at each reporting date at fair value, based on market rates. Compensation costs incurred are recognized, over the defined three-year vesting period. At December 31, 2010, December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we recognized a liability of US$120, US$72 and US$7, respectively, through the Statement of Income.
21   Commitments and contingencies
    a) In connection with a tax-advantaged lease financing arrangement sponsored by the French Government, we provided certain guarantees on December 30, 2004 on behalf of Vale New Caledonia S.A.S. (VNC) pursuant to which we guaranteed payments due from VNC of up to a maximum amount of US$100 (“Maximum Amount”) in connection with an indemnity. This guarantee was provided to BNP Paribas for the benefit of the tax investors of GniFi, the special purpose vehicle which owns a portion of the assets in our nickel cobalt processing plant in New Caledonia (“Girardin Assets”). We also provided an additional guarantee covering the payments due from VNC of (a) amounts exceeding the Maximum Amount in connection with the indemnity and (b) certain other amounts payable by VNC under a lease agreement covering the Girardin Assets. This guarantee was provided to BNP Paribas for the benefit of GniFi.
    Another commitment incorporated in the tax—advantaged lease financing arrangement was that the Girardin Assets would be substantially complete by December 31, 2010. In light of the delay in the start up of VNC processing facilities, the December 31, 2010 substantially complete date was not met. Management proposed an extension to the substantially complete date from December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2011. Both the French government authorities and the tax investors have agreed to this extension, although a signed waiver has not yet been received from the tax investors. The French tax authorities issued their signed extension on December 31, 2011. Accordingly the benefits of the financing structure are fully expected to be maintained and we anticipate that there will be no recapture of the tax advantages provided under this financing structure.
    In 2009, two new bank guarantees totaling US$58 (€43 million) as at December 31, 2010 were established by us on behalf of VNC in favor of the South Province of New Caledonia in order to guarantee the performance of VNC with respect to certain environmental obligations in relation to the metallurgical plant and the Kwe West residue storage facility.
    Sumic Nickel Netherlands B.V. (“Sumic”), a 21% stockholder of VNC, has a put option to sell to us 25%, 50%, or 100% of the shares they own of VNC. The put option can be exercised if the defined cost of the initial nickel-cobalt development project, as measured by funding provided to VNC, in natural currencies and converted to U.S. dollars at specified rates of exchange, in the form of Girardin funding, shareholder loans and equity contributions by stockholders to VNC, exceeded US$4.2 billion and an agreement cannot be reached on how to proceed with the project. On February 15, 2010, we formally amended our agreement with Sumic to increase the threshold to approximately US$4.6 billion at specified rates of exchange. On May 27, 2010 the threshold was reached and on October 22, 2010, we have signed an agreement to extend the put option date into the first half of 2011. On January 25, 2011 a further extension to the agreement was signed extending the put option date into the second half of 2011.

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We provided a guarantee covering certain termination payments due from VNC to the supplier under an electricity supply agreement (“ESA”) entered into in October 2004 for the VNC project. The amount of the termination payments guaranteed depends upon a number of factors, including whether any termination of the ESA is a result of a default by VNC and the date on which an early termination of the ESA were to occur. During the first quarter of 2010, the supply of electricity under the ESA to the project began and the guaranteed amount now decreases over the life of the ESA from its maximum amount. As at December 31, 2010 the guarantee was US$169 (€126 million).
In February 2009, we and our subsidiary, Vale Newfoundland and Labrador Limited (“VNL”), entered into a fourth amendment to the Voisey’s Bay Development agreement with the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that permitted VNL to ship up to 55,000 metric tonnes of nickel concentrate from the Voisey’s Bay area mines. As part of the agreement, VNL agreed to provide the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador financial assurance in the form of letters of credit, each in the amount of US$16 (CAD$16 million) for each shipment of nickel concentrate shipped out of the province from January 1, 2009 to August 31, 2009. The amount of this financial assurance was US$110 (CAD$112 million) based on seven shipments of nickel concentrate and as of December 31, 2010, US$11 (CAD$11 million) remains outstanding.
As at December 31, 2010, there was an additional US$114 in letters of credit issued and outstanding pursuant to our syndicate revolving credit facility, as well as an additional US$39 of letters of credit and US$57 in bank guarantees that were issued and outstanding. These are associated with environmental reclamation and other operating associated items such as insurance, electricity commitments and import and export duties.
b) We and our subsidiaries are defendants in numerous legal actions in the normal course of business. Based on the advice of our legal counsel, management believes that the amounts recognized are sufficient to cover probable losses in connection with such actions.
The provision for contingencies and the related judicial deposits are composed as follows:
                                 
    December 31, 2010     December 31, 2009  
    Provision for             Provision for        
    contingencies     Judicial deposits     contingencies     Judicial deposits  
Labor and social security claims
    748       874       657       657  
Civil claims
    510       410       582       307  
Tax — related actions
    746       442       489       175  
Others
    39       5       35       4  
 
                       
 
    2,043       1,731       1,763       1,143  
 
                       
Labor and social security related actions principally comprise of claims by Brazilian current and former employees for (i) payment of time spent traveling from their residences to the work-place, (ii) additional health and safety related payments and (iii) various other matters, often in connection with disputes about the amount of indemnities paid upon dismissal and the one-third extra holiday pay.
Civil actions principally relate to claims made against us by contractors in Brazil in connection with losses alleged to have been incurred by them as a result of various past Government economic plans, during which full inflation indexation of contracts was not permitted, as well, as for accidents and land appropriation disputes.
Tax related actions principally comprise of challenges initiated by us, on certain taxes on revenues and uncertain tax positions. We continue to vigorously pursue our interests in all the actions but recognize that we probably will incur some losses in the final instance, for which we have made provisions.
Judicial deposits are made by us following court requirements in order to be entitled to either initiate or continue a legal action. These amounts are released to us upon receipt of a final favorable outcome from the legal action, and in the case of an unfavorable outcome, the deposits are transferred to the prevailing party.
Contingencies settled during the three-month periods ended December 31, 2010, September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, totaled US$224, US$67 and US$236, respectively. Provisions recognized in the three-month periods ended December 31, 2010, September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, totaled US$41, US$68 and US$294, respectively, classified as other operating expenses.

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Contingencies settled during the year ended 2010, 2009 and December 31, 2008, totaled US$352, US$236 and US$856, respectively. Provisions recognized in the year ended 2010, 2009 and December 31, 2008, totaled US$112, US$294 and US$331, respectively, classified as other operating expenses.
In addition to the contingencies for which we have made provisions, we are defendants in claims where in our opinion, and based on the advice of our legal counsel, the likelihood of loss is reasonably possible but not probable, in the total amount of US$4,787 at December 31, 2010, and for which no provision has been made (2009 — US$4,190).
c) At the time of our privatization in 1997, the Company issued debentures to its then-existing stockholders, including the Brazilian Government. The terms of the debentures, were set to ensure that the pre-privatization stockholders, including the Brazilian Government would participate in possible future financial benefits that could be obtained from exploiting certain mineral resources.
A total of 388,559,056 Debentures were issued at a par value of R$0.01 (one cent), whose value will be restated in accordance with the variation in the General Market Price Index (IGP-M), as set forth in the Issue Deed.
The debentures holders have the right to receive premiums, paid semiannually, equivalent to a percentage of net revenues from specific mine resources as set forth in the indenture.
In April and October 2010 we paid remuneration on these debentures of US$5 and US$5, respectively.
d) We are committed under a take-or-pay agreement to purchase approximately 23,620 thousand metric tons of bauxite from Mineração Rio do Norte S.A. — MRN at a formula driven price, calculated based on the current London Metal Exchange — LME quotation for aluminum. Based on a market price of US$24.50 per metric ton as of December 31, 2010, this arrangement represents the following total commitment per metric ton as of December 31, 2010:
       
2011
    141
2012
    145
2013
    146
2014
    146
 
     
 
    578
 
     
e) Description of Leasing Arrangements
Part of our railroad operations include leased facilities. The 30-year lease, renewable for a further 30 years, expires in August, 2026 and is classified as an operating lease. At the end of the lease term, we are required to return the concession and the leased assets. In most cases, management expects that in the normal course of business, leases will be renewed.
The following is a schedule by year of future minimum rental payments required under the railroad operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2010.
       
2011
    90
2012
    90
2013
    90
2014
    90
2015 thereafter
    1,068
 
     
Total minimum payments required
    1,428
 
     
The total expenses of operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 were US$90, US$80 and US$53, respectively.
During 2008, we entered into operating lease agreements with our joint ventures Nibrasco, Itabrasco and Kobrasco, under wich we leased four pellet plants. The lease terms are from 5 to 30 years.

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    The following is a schedule by year of future minimum rental payments required under the pellet plants operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2010:
       
2011
    107
2012
    107
2013
    107
2014
    107
2015 thereafter
    1,092
 
     
Total
    1,520
 
     
    The total expenses of operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was US$107, US$114 and US$49, respectively.
  f) Asset retirement obligations
    We use various judgments and assumptions when measuring our asset retirement obligations.
 
    Changes in circumstances, law or technology may affect our estimates and we periodically review the amounts accrued and adjust them as necessary. Our accruals do not reflect unasserted claims because we are currently not aware of any such issues. Also the amounts provided are not reduced by any potential recoveries under cost sharing, insurance or indemnification arrangements because such recoveries are considered uncertain.
 
    The changes in the provisions for asset retirement obligations are as follows:
                                         
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,              
    2010     2010     2009     2010     2009  
Beginning of period
    1,230       1,162       1,102       1,116       887  
Accretion expense
    34       21       31       113       75  
Liabilities settled in the current period
    (33 )     (2 )     (21 )     (45 )     (46 )
Revisions in estimated cash flows (*)
    110       (11 )     (14 )     125       (23 )
Cumulative translation adjustment
    27       60       18       59       223  
 
                             
End of period
    1,368       1,230       1,116       1,368       1,116  
 
                             
 
                                       
Current liabilities
    75       79       89       75       89  
Non-current liabilities
    1,293       1,151       1,027       1,293       1,027  
 
                             
Total
    1,368       1,230       1,116       1,368       1,116  
 
                             
 
(*)   Includes US$44 for the purchase of Vale Fertilizantes S.A. and Vale Fosfatados S.A.

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22   Other expenses
 
    The income statement line “Other operating expenses” totaled US$2,205 for the year ended December 31, 2010, (US$1,522 in 2009 and US$1,254 in 2008). It includes pre operational expenses US$360 (US$0 in 2009 and US$0 in 2008), loss of material US$108 (US$9 in 2009 and US$199 in 2008) and idle capacity and stoppage operations expenses US$757 (US$880 in 2009 and US$0 in 2008). In 2008, we also had US$204 of expenses relating to tax assessments on transportation services and US$65 of expenses relating to write-off of intangible asset (patent rights).
23   Fair value disclosure of financial assets and liabilities
 
    The Financial Accounting Standards Board, through Accounting Standards Codification and Accounting Standards Updates, defines fair value and set out a framework for measuring fair value, which refers to valuation concepts and practices and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements.
a) Measurements
    The pronouncements define fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset, or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company uses various methods including market, income and cost approaches. Based on these approaches, the Company often utilizes certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and or the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique.
 
    These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable inputs. The Company utilizes techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Under this standard, those inputs used to measure the fair value are required to be classified on three levels. Based on the characteristics of the inputs used in valuation techniques the Company is required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified and disclosed as follows:
      Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices on an active, liquid and visible market for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date;
 
      Level 2 — Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities on active markets, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for the term of the asset or liability;
 
      Level 3 — Assets and liabilities, which quoted prices do not exist, or those prices or valuation techniques are supported by little or no market activity, unobservable or illiquid. At this point, fair market valuation becomes highly subjective.
b) Measurements on a recurring basis
    The description of the valuation methodologies used for recurring assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2010 and 2009 are summarized below:
    Available-for-sale securities
      They are securities that are not classified either as held-for-trading or as held-to-maturity for strategic reasons and have readily available market prices. We evaluate the carrying value of some of our investments in relation to publicly quoted market prices when available. When there is no market value, we use inputs other than quoted prices.
    Derivatives
      The market approach is used to estimate the fair value of the swaps discounting their cash flows using the interest rate of the currency they are denominated and, also for the commodities contracts, since the fair value is computed by using forward curves for each commodity.

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    Debentures
 
      The fair value is measured by the market approach method, and the reference price is available on the secondary market.
    The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as follows:
                                 
    As of December 31, 2010
    Carrying amount   Fair value   Level 1   Level 2
Unrealized gain on derivatives
    257       257       1       256  
Debentures
    (1,284 )     (1,284 )           (1,284 )
                                 
    As of December 31, 2009
    Carrying amount   Fair value   Level 1   Level 2
Available-for-sale securities
    17       17       17        
Unrealized gains on derivatives
    832       832             832  
Debentures
    (752 )     (752 )           (752 )
c) Measurements on a non-recurring basis
    The Company also has assets under certain conditions that are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets include goodwill and assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations. During the year ended December 31, 2010, we have not recognized any additional impairment for those items.
d) Financial Instruments
    Long-term debt
 
    The valuation method used to estimate the fair value of our debt is the market approach for the contracts that are quoted on the secondary market, such as bonds and debentures. The fair value of both fixed and floating rate debt is determined by discounting future cash flows of Libor and Vale’s bonds curves (income approach).
 
    Time deposits
 
    The method used is the income approach, through the prices available on the active market. The fair value is close to the carrying amount due to the short-term maturities of the instruments.
 
    Our long-term debt is reported at amortized cost, and the income of time deposits is accrued monthly according to the contract rate. The estimated fair value measurement is disclosed as follows:
                                 
    As of December 31, 2010
    Carrying amount   Fair value   Level 1   Level 2
Time deposits
    1,793       1,793             1,793  
Long-term debt (less interests) (*)
    (24,071 )     (25,264 )     (19,730 )     (5,534 )
                                 
    As of December 31, 2009
    Carrying amount   Fair value   Level 1   Level 2
Time deposits
    3,747       3,747             3,747  
Long-term debt (less interests) (*)
    (22,544 )     (23,344 )     (12,424 )     (10,920 )
 
(*)   Less accrued charges of US$343 and US$287 as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.

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24   Segment and geographical information
 
    We adopt disclosures about segments of an enterprise and related information with respect to the information we present about our operating segments. The relevant standard requiring such disclosures introduced a “management approach” concept for reporting segment information, whereby such information is required to be reported on the basis that the chief decision-maker uses internally for evaluating segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources to segments. In line with our strategy to become a leading global player in the fertilizer business, on May 27, 2010 we acquired 58.6% of the equity capital of Fertilizantes Fosfatados S.A. — Fosfertil (Fosfertil) and the Brazilian fertilizer assets of Bunge Participações e Investimentos S.A. (BPI), currently renamed Vale Fosfatados S.A.. Considering this new segment acquisition, fertilizers, and the related reorganization that occurred for the operating segments are:
 
    Bulk Material — comprised of iron ore mining and pellet production, as well as our Brazilian Northern and Southern transportation systems, including railroads, ports and terminals, as they pertain to mining operations. Manganese mining and ferroalloys are also included in this segment.
 
    Base Metals — comprised of the production of non-ferrous minerals, including nickel (co-products and by-products), copper and aluminum — comprised of aluminum trading activities, alumina refining and aluminum metal smelting and investments in joint ventures and affiliates engaged in bauxite mining.
 
    Fertilizers — comprised of the three important groups of nutrients: potash, phosphates and nitrogen. This business is being formed through a combination of acquisitions and organic growth.
 
    Logistic Services — comprised of our transportation systems as they pertain to the operation of our ships, ports and railroads for third-party cargos.
 
    Others — comprised of our investments in joint ventures and affiliates engaged in other businesses.
 
    Information presented to senior management with respect to the performance of each segment is generally derived directly from the accounting records maintained in accordance with accounting practices adopted in Brazil together with certain minor inter-segment allocations.

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Consolidated net income and principal assets are reconciled as follows:
Results by segment — before eliminations (aggregated)
                                                                                                                                                                         
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)
    December 31, 2010   September 30, 2010   December 31, 2009
    Bulk   Base                                           Bulk   Base                                           Bulk   Base                    
    Material   Metals   Fertilizers   Logistic   Others   Elimination   Consolidated   Material   Metals   Fertilizers   Logistic   Others   Elimination   Consolidated   Material   Metals   Fertilizers   Logistic   Others   Elimination   Consolidated
RESULTS
                                                                                                                                                                       
Gross revenues
    18,709       3,760       862       456       311       (8,891 )     15,207       20,013       2,533       842       462       188       (9,542 )     14,496       6,789       2,418       109       337       216       (3,328 )     6,541  
Cost and expenses
    (11,359 )     (2,792 )     (776 )     (400 )     (230 )     8,891       (6,666 )     (11,960 )     (2,012 )     (788 )     (346 )     (184 )     9,542       (5,748 )     (4,946 )     (2,143 )     (59 )     (280 )     (243 )     3,328       (4,343 )
Research and development
    (103 )     (109 )     (39 )     (30 )     (20 )           (301 )     (70 )     (68 )     (21 )     (23 )     (34 )           (216 )     (73 )     (47 )     (19 )     (17 )     (140 )           (296 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    (421 )     (480 )     (128 )     (41 )     (3 )           (1,073 )     (379 )     (224 )     (48 )     (32 )     (13 )           (696 )     (393 )     (354 )     (10 )     (40 )     (2 )           (799 )
 
                                                                                                                                                                       
Operating income
    6,826       379       (81 )     (15 )     58             7,167       7,604       229       (15 )     61       (43 )           7,836       1,377       (126 )     21             (169 )           1,103  
Financial income
    696       198       17       3       9       (806 )     117       550       194       4       10       1       (703 )     56       599       (511 )                 707       (730 )     65  
Financial expenses
    (1,160 )     (503 )     (7 )     (2 )     (60 )     806       (926 )     (995 )     (391 )     (5 )     (16 )     (37 )     703       (741 )     (888 )     313             (10 )     (693 )     730       (548 )
Gains (losses) on derivatives, net
    486       (13 )                             473       642       (137 )                 (5 )           500       312       (15 )                 (1 )           296  
Foreign exchange and monetary gains (losses), net
    (46 )     80       45       (21 )     (7 )           51       89       157       18       (4 )     (3 )           257       (21 )     40             1       (3 )           17  
Discontinued operations, net of tax
                                                    8                               8                                            
Gain on sale of assets
                                                                                        (70 )     (120 )                             (190 )
Equity in results of affiliates and joint ventures and change in provision for losses on equity investments
    403       9             32       (141 )           303       302       (26 )           27       2             305       54       (50 )           66       1             71  
Income taxes
    (1,268 )     125       (9 )     9       6             (1,137 )     (2,116 )     (26 )     (6 )     2                   (2,146 )     428       325             3                   756  
Noncontrolling interests
    (2 )     (144 )     19             (4 )           (131 )     5       (46 )                 4             (37 )     (21 )     (49 )                 19             (51 )
 
                                                                                                                                                                       
Net income attributable to the Company’s stockholders
    5,935       131       (16 )     6       (139 )           5,917       6,081       (38 )     (4 )     80       (81 )           6,038       1,770       (193 )     21       60       (139 )           1,519  
 
                                                                                                                                                                       
Sales classified by geographic destination:
                                                                                                                                                                       
Foreign market
                                                                                                                                                                       
America, except United States
    459       550       28                   (263 )     774       289       423       14                   (212 )     514       121       338             4             (156 )     307  
United States
    53       294                         (14 )     333       62       171                         (36 )     197             166                   3       (8 )     161  
Europe
    3,555       1,152       6             14       (2,046 )     2,681       4,110       704                         (2,321 )     2,493       1,710       688                         (1,063 )     1,335  
Middle East/Africa/Oceania
    739       120       18                   (247 )     630       976       40                         (543 )     473       318       70                         (216 )     172  
Japan
    2,113       453                   8       (912 )     1,662       2,348       370                         (1,044 )     1,674       940       373                   1       (438 )     876  
China
    8,961       380                         (4,074 )     5,267       9,103       210                         (4,155 )     5,158       2,734       210             28             (984 )     1,988  
Asia, other than Japan and China
    1,604       603       13                   (856 )     1,364       1,813       393                         (858 )     1,348       355       388                         (215 )     528  
Brazil
    1,225       208       797       456       289       (479 )     2,496       1,312       222       828       462       188       (373 )     2,639       611       185       109       305       212       (248 )     1,174  
 
                                                                                                                                                                       
 
    18,709       3,760       862       456       311       (8,891 )     15,207       20,013       2,533       842       462       188       (9,542 )     14,496       6,789       2,418       109       337       216       (3,328 )     6,541  
 
                                                                                                                                                                       

44


Table of Contents

(VALE LOGO)
Operating segment — after eliminations (disaggregated)
                                                                                 
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)
    December 31, 2010
                                            Depreciation,           Property, plant   Addition to    
            Value added     Cost and   Operating   depletion and   Operating   and equipment,   property, plant    
    Revenue   tax   Net revenues   expenses   profit   amortization   income   net   and equipment   Investments
Bulk Material
                                                                               
Iron ore
    8,477       (101 )     8,376       (2,275 )     6,101       (360 )     5,741       30,412       831       107  
Pellets
    1,927       (55 )     1,872       (785 )     1,087       (29 )     1,058       1,445       87       1,058  
Manganese
    44       (2 )     42       (33 )     9       (4 )     5       24       2        
Ferroalloys
    186       (14 )     172       (81 )     91       (7 )     84       292       16        
Coal
    241             241       (279 )     (38 )     (24 )     (62 )     3,020       289       223  
Pig iron
    22             22       (25 )     (3 )     3             123       1        
 
                                                                               
 
    10,897       (172 )     10,725       (3,478 )     7,247       (421 )     6,826       35,316       1,226       1,388  
Base Metals
                                                                               
Nickel and other products (*)
    2,017             2,017       (1,346 )     671       (454 )     217       28,623       724       23  
Copper concentrate
    311       (11 )     300       (201 )     99       (25 )     74       3,579       (25 )     90  
Aluminum products
    691       (4 )     687       (598 )     89       (1 )     88       395       216       152  
 
                                                                               
 
    3,019       (15 )     3,004       (2,145 )     859       (480 )     379       32,597       915       265  
Fertilizers
                                                                               
Potash
    73             73       (131 )     (58 )     (7 )     (65 )     474       348        
Phosphates
    541       (12 )     529       (443 )     86       (79 )     7       7,560       188        
Nitrogen
    151       (19 )     132       (115 )     17       (42 )     (25 )     809       1        
Others fertilizers products
    4       (2 )     2             2             2       146       3        
 
                                                                               
 
    769       (33 )     736       (689 )     47       (128 )     (81 )     8,989       540        
Logistics
                                                                               
Railroads
    262       (39 )     223       (190 )     33       (37 )     (4 )     1,278       71       511  
Ports
    72       (8 )     64       (71 )     (7 )     (7 )     (14 )     1,044       769        
Ships
                                  3       3                   135  
 
                                                                               
 
    334       (47 )     287       (261 )     26       (41 )     (15 )     2,322       840       646  
Others
    188       (11 )     177       (116 )     61       (3 )     58       3,872       1,221       2,198  
 
                                                                               
 
    15,207       (278 )     14,929       (6,689 )     8,240       (1,073 )     7,167       83,096       4,742       4,497  
 
                                                                               
 
(*)   Includes nickel co-products and by-products (copper, precious metals, cobalt and others).

45


Table of Contents

(VALE LOGO)
Operating segment — after eliminations (disaggregated)
                                                                                 
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)
    September 30, 2010
                                            Depreciation,           Property, plant   Addition to    
            Value added           Cost and   Operating   depletion and   Operating   and equipment,   property, plant    
    Revenue   tax   Net revenues   expenses   profit   amortization   income   net   and equipment   Investments
Bulk Material
                                                                               
Iron ore
    8,725       (108 )     8,617       (1,982 )     6,635       (325 )     6,310       29,523       1,591       95  
Pellets
    2,082       (81 )     2,001       (774 )     1,227       (23 )     1,204       1,325       137       1,407  
Manganese
    67       1       68       (41 )     27       (1 )     26       24              
Ferroalloys
    166       (16 )     150       (74 )     76       (2 )     74       287       2        
Coal
    217             217       (199 )     18       (28 )     (10 )     2,771       58       203  
Pig iron
                                              123              
 
                                                                               
 
    11,257       (204 )     11,053       (3,070 )     7,983       (379 )     7,604       34,053       1,788       1,705  
Base Metals
                                                                               
Nickel and other products (*)
    1,074             1,074       (758 )     316       (206 )     110       27,719       448       25  
Copper concentrate
    236       (8 )     228       (152 )     76       (22 )     54       2,748       566       74  
Aluminum products
    609       (15 )     594       (533 )     61       (4 )     57       84       65       152  
 
                                                                               
 
    1,919       (23 )     1,896       (1,443 )     453       (232 )     221       30,551       1,079       251  
Fertilizers
                                                                               
Potash
    87       (5 )     82       (53 )     29       (9 )     20       208              
Phosphates
    556       (25 )     531       (524 )     7       (33 )     (26 )     6,521       206        
Nitrogen
    147       (20 )     127       (133 )     (6 )     (6 )     (12 )     1,446       46        
Others fertilizers products
    12       (3 )     9       (6 )     3             3       325              
 
                                                                               
 
    802       (53 )     749       (716 )     33       (48 )     (15 )     8,500       252        
 
                                                                               
Logistics
                                                                               
Railroads
    308       (57 )     251       (184 )     67       (27 )     40       1,138       43       545  
Ports
    100       (15 )     85       (59 )     26       (5 )     21       269       11        
Ships
                                                          128  
 
                                                                               
 
    408       (72 )     336       (243 )     93       (32 )     61       1,407       54       673  
Others
    110       (42 )     68       (98 )     (30 )     (5 )     (35 )     4,186       679       2,282  
 
                                                                               
 
    14,496       (394 )     14,102       (5,570 )     8,532       (696 )     7,836       78,697       3,852       4,911  
 
                                                                               
 
(*)   Includes nickel co-products and by-products (copper, precious metals, cobalt and others).

46


Table of Contents

(VALE LOGO)
Operating segment — after eliminations (disaggregated)
                                                                                 
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)
    December 31, 2009
                                                            Property,   Addition to    
                                            Depreciation,           plant and   property,    
            Value added   Net   Cost and   Operating   depletion and   Operating   equipment,   plant and    
    Revenue   tax   revenues   expenses   profit   amortization   income   net   equipment   Investments
Bulk Material
                                                                               
Iron ore
    3,459       (67 )     3,392       (1,665 )     1,727       (334 )     1,393       21,736       1,405       107  
Pellets
    483       (29 )     454       (417 )     37       (20 )     17       947             1,050  
Manganese
    64       (1 )     63       (40 )     23       (2 )     21       25       1        
Ferroalloys
    123       (16 )     107       (69 )     38       (6 )     32       261       56        
Coal
    137             137       (176 )     (39 )     (31 )     (70 )     1,723       128       243  
Pig iron
    26             26       (42 )     (16 )           (16 )     144              
 
                                                                               
 
    4,292       (113 )     4,179       (2,409 )     1,770       (393 )     1,377       24,836       1,590       1,400  
Base Metals
                                                                               
Nickel and other products (*)
    872             872       (776 )     96       (264 )     (168 )     23,967       393       30  
Kaolin
    48       (3 )     45       (41 )     4       (6 )     (2 )     190       2        
Copper concentrate
    207       (1 )     206       (129 )     77       (18 )     59       4,127       92       80  
Aluminum products
    611       (9 )     602       (551 )     51       (66 )     (15 )     4,663       27       143  
 
                                                                               
 
    1,738       (13 )     1,725       (1,497 )     228       (354 )     (126 )     32,947       514       253  
Fertilizers
                                                                               
Potash
    109       (8 )     101       (70 )     31       (10 )     21       159              
 
                                                                               
 
    109       (8 )     101       (70 )     31       (10 )     21       159              
Logistics
                                                                               
Railroads
    218       (41 )     177       (155 )     22       (29 )     (7 )     1,045       26       468  
Ports
    87       (13 )     74       (49 )     25       (11 )     14       1,441              
Ships
    2             2       (9 )     (7 )           (7 )     1,104       300       125  
 
                                                                               
 
    307       (54 )     253       (213 )     40       (40 )           3,590       326       593  
Others
    95       (20 )     75       (242 )     (167 )     (2 )     (169 )     6,105       325       2,339  
 
                                                                               
 
    6,541       (208 )     6,333       (4,431 )     1,902       (799 )     1,103       67,637       2,755       4,585  
 
                                                                               
 
(*)   Includes nickel co-products and by-products (copper, precious metals, cobalt and others).

47


Table of Contents

     
(VALE LOGO)
Results by segment — before eliminations (aggregated)
                                                                                                                                                                         
    Year ended as of December, 31
    2010   2009   2008
    Bulk   Base                                           Bulk   Base                                           Bulk   Base                    
    Material   Metals   Fertilizers   Logistic   Others   Elimination   Consolidated   Material   Metals   Fertilizers   Logistic   Others   Elimination   Consolidated   Material   Metals   Fertilizers   Logistic   Others   Elimination   Consolidated
RESULTS
                                                                                                                                                                       
Gross revenues
    59,573       10,805       1,990       1,727       719       (28,333 )     46,481       25,940       8,886       413       1,168       446       (12,914 )     23,939       38,288       14,714       295       1,691       245       (16,724 )     38,509  
Cost and expenses
    (36,682 )     (8,521 )     (1,814 )     (1,382 )     (582 )     28,333       (20,648 )     (17,880 )     (7,769 )     (158 )     (876 )     (410 )     12,914       (14,179 )     (24,542 )     (9,658 )     (128 )     (1,097 )     (218 )     16,724       (18,919 )
Research and development
    (289 )     (277 )     (72 )     (75 )     (165 )           (878 )     (235 )     (207 )     (46 )     (57 )     (436 )           (981 )     (380 )     (372 )     (8 )     (101 )     (224 )           (1,085 )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    (1,538 )     (1,359 )     (200 )     (146 )     (17 )           (3,260 )     (1,205 )     (1,356 )     (29 )     (126 )     (6 )           (2,722 )     (1,054 )     (1,604 )     (19 )     (128 )     (2 )           (2,807 )
Impairment of goodwill
                                                                                              (950 )                             (950 )
 
                                                                                                                                                                       
Operating income
    21,064       648       (96 )     124       (45 )           21,695       6,620       (446 )     180       109       (406 )           6,057       12,312       2,130       140       365       (199 )           14,748  
Financial income
    2,557       778       22       16       10       (3,093 )     290       2,439       12             8       711       (2,789 )     381       3,048       798             10       1       (3,255 )     602  
Financial expenses
    (3,873 )     (1,718 )     (13 )     (36 )     (99 )     3,093       (2,646 )     (2,982 )     (653 )           (17 )     (695 )     2,789       (1,558 )     (3,515 )     (1,490 )           (15 )           3,255       (1,765 )
Gains (losses) on derivatives, net
    772       (141 )                             631       1,647       (119 )                             1,528       (719 )     (93 )                             (812 )
Foreign exchange and monetary gains (losses), net
    109       208       65       (28 )     (10 )           344       173       445             (11 )     68             675       764       (265 )           (32 )     (103 )           364  
Discontinued Operations, Net of tax
          (143 )                             (143 )                                                                                    
Gain on sale of investments
                                              87       (108 )                 61             40             80                               80  
Equity in results of affiliates and joint ventures and change in provision for losses on equity investments
    1,013       (10 )           94       (110 )           987       328       (28 )           143       (10 )           433       612       28             133       21             794  
Income taxes
    (3,980 )     240       (12 )     20       27             (3,705 )     (2,613 )     525             (11 )     (1 )           (2,100 )     143       (697 )           23       (4 )           (535 )
Noncontrolling interests
    5       (209 )     19             (4 )           (189 )     17       (121 )                 (3 )           (107 )     (8 )     (256 )                 6             (258 )
 
                                                                                                                                                                       
Net income attributable to the Company’s stockholders
    17,667       (347 )     (15 )     190       (231 )           17,264       5,716       (493 )     180       221       (275 )           5,349       12,637       235       140       484       (278 )           13,218  
 
                                                                                                                                                                       
 
                                                                                                                                                                       
Sales classified by geographic destination:
                                                                                                                                                                       
Foreign market
                                                                                                                                                                       
America, except United States
    1,332       1,496       42       12       7       (879 )     2,010       465       1,368             4       10       (595 )     1,252       1,805       2,215             1             (1,201 )     2,820  
United States
    128       774                   2       (76 )     828       37       824                   35       (64 )     832       648       2,201             1       9       (392 )     2,467  
Europe
    13,147       3,306       6             16       (7,563 )     8,912       6,136       2,618                   8       (4,726 )     4,036       11,224       4,132             26             (5,933 )     9,449  
Middle East/Africa/Oceania
    2,655       264       18                   (1,147 )     1,790       1,005       233                         (707 )     531       2,058       394                         (952 )     1,500  
Japan
    6,927       1,425                   8       (3,120 )     5,240       2,551       972                   4       (1,115 )     2,412       4,761       1,893             1             (1,918 )     4,737  
China
    26,071       964                         (11,656 )     15,379       12,084       878             63             (4,022 )     9,003       9,747       887             21             (3,949 )     6,706  
Asia, other than Japan and China
    4,833       1,788       13                   (2,462 )     4,172       1,883       1,258                         (923 )     2,218       3,703       1,946             1       2       (1,497 )     4,155  
Brazil
    4,480       788       1,911       1,715       686       (1,430 )     8,150       1,779       735       413       1,101       389       (762 )     3,655       4,342       1,046       295       1,640       234       (882 )     6,675  
 
                                                                                                                                                                       
 
    59,573       10,805       1,990       1,727       719       (28,333 )     46,481       25,940       8,886       413       1,168       446       (12,914 )     23,939       38,288       14,714       295       1,691       245       (16,724 )     38,509  
 
                                                                                                                                                                       

48


Table of Contents

(VALE LOGO)
Operating segment — after eliminations (disaggregated)
                                                                                 
    As of and for the year ended December 31,
    2010
                                            Depreciation,           Property, plant   Addition to    
                            Cost and   Operating   depletion and   Operating   and equipment,   property, plant    
    Revenue   Value added tax   Net revenues   expenses   profit   amortization   income   net   and equipment   Investments
Bulk Material
                                                                               
Iron ore
    26,384       (366 )     26,018       (7,364 )     18,654       (1,307 )     17,347       30,412       4,015       107  
Pellets
    6,402       (266 )     6,136       (2,515 )     3,621       (110 )     3,511       1,445       353       1,058  
Manganese
    258       (7 )     251       (136 )     115       (10 )     105       24       2        
Ferroalloys
    664       (62 )     602       (306 )     296       (26 )     270       292       26        
Coal
    770             770       (856 )     (86 )     (83 )     (169 )     3,020       499       223  
Pig iron
    31             31       (29 )     2       (2 )           123       1        
 
                                                                               
 
    34,509       (701 )     33,808       (11,206 )     22,602       (1,538 )     21,064       35,316       4,896       1,388  
Base Metals
                                                                               
Nickel and other products (*)
    4,712             4,712       (3,402 )     1,310       (1,145 )     165       28,623       1,880       23  
Copper concentrate
    934       (29 )     905       (621 )     284       (87 )     197       3,579       1,072       90  
Aluminum products
    2,554       (32 )     2,522       (2,109 )     413       (127 )     286       395       342       152  
 
                                                                               
 
    8,200       (61 )     8,139       (6,132 )     2,007       (1,359 )     648       32,597       3,294       265  
Fertilizers
                                                                               
Potash
    280       (11 )     269       (269 )           (29 )     (29 )     474       355        
Phosphates
    1,211       (47 )     1,164       (1,070 )     94       (121 )     (27 )     7,560       438        
Nitrogen
    337       (43 )     294       (285 )     9       (50 )     (41 )     809       47        
Others fertilizers products
    18       (6 )     12       (11 )     1             1       146       3        
 
                                                                               
 
    1,846       (107 )     1,739       (1,635 )     104       (200 )     (96 )     8,989       843        
Logistics
                                                                               
Railroads
    1,107       (183 )     924       (716 )     208       (123 )     85       1,278       160       511  
Ports
    353       (47 )     306       (236 )     70       (23 )     47       1,044       783        
Ships
    5             5       (13 )     (8 )           (8 )                 135  
 
                                                                               
 
    1,465       (230 )     1,235       (965 )     270       (146 )     124       2,322       943       646  
Others
    461       (89 )     372       (400 )     (28 )     (17 )     (45 )     3,872       2,671       2,198  
 
                                                                               
 
    46,481       (1,188 )     45,293       (20,338 )     24,955       (3,260 )     21,695       83,096       12,647       4,497  
 
                                                                               
 
(*)   Includes nickel co-products and by-products (copper, precious metals, cobalt and others).

49


Table of Contents

(VALE LOGO)
Operating segment — after eliminations (disaggregated)
                                                                                 
    As of and for the year ended December 31,
    2009
                                                            Property,   Addition to    
                                            Depreciation,           plant and   property,    
            Value added   Net   Cost and   Operating   depletion and   Operating   equipment,   plant and    
    Revenue   tax   revenues   expenses   profit   amortization   income   net   equipment   Investments
Bulk Material
                                                                               
Iron ore
    12,831       (172 )     12,659       (4,957 )     7,702       (1,043 )     6,659       21,736       3,361       107  
Pellets
    1,352       (92 )     1,260       (1,165 )     95       (76 )     19       947       84       1,050  
Manganese
    145       (2 )     143       (103 )     40       (9 )     31       25       4        
Ferroalloys
    372       (45 )     327       (278 )     49       (15 )     34       261       112        
Coal
    505             505       (549 )     (44 )     (61 )     (105 )     1,723       362       243  
Pig iron
    45             45       (63 )     (18 )           (18 )     144       48        
 
                                                                               
 
    15,250       (311 )     14,939       (7,115 )     7,824       (1,204 )     6,620       24,836       3,971       1,400  
Base Metals
                                                                               
Nickel and other products (*)
    3,947             3,947       (3,292 )     655       (1,016 )     (361 )     23,967       1,464       30  
Kaolin
    173       (9 )     164       (146 )     18       (34 )     (16 )     190       53        
Copper concentrate
    682       (19 )     663       (462 )     201       (72 )     129       4,127       558       80  
Aluminum products
    2,050       (37 )     2,013       (1,969 )     44       (235 )     (191 )     4,663       143       143  
 
                                                                               
 
    6,852       (65 )     6,787       (5,869 )     918       (1,357 )     (439 )     32,947       2,218       253  
Fertilizers
                                                                               
Potash
    413       (17 )     396       (187 )     209       (29 )     180       159              
 
                                                                               
 
    413       (17 )     396       (187 )     209       (29 )     180       159              
Logistics
                                                                               
Railroads
    838       (137 )     701       (539 )     162       (97 )     65       1,045       96       468  
Ports
    264       (38 )     226       (161 )     65       (29 )     36       1,441       106        
Ships
    2             2       (9 )     (7 )           (7 )     1,104       738       125  
 
                                                                               
 
    1,104       (175 )     929       (709 )     220       (126 )     94       3,590       940       593  
Others
    320       (60 )     260       (652 )     (392 )     (6 )     (398 )     6,105       967       2,339  
 
                                                                               
 
    23,939       (628 )     23,311       (14,532 )     8,779       (2,722 )     6,057       67,637       8,096       4,585  
 
                                                                               
 
(*)   Includes nickel co-products and by-products (copper, precious metals, cobalt and others).

50


Table of Contents

(VALE LOGO)
Operating segment — after eliminations (disaggregated)
                                                                                         
    As of and for the year ended December 31,
    2008
                                                                    Property, plant   Addition to    
                                            Depreciation,                   and   property,    
            Value added           Cost and           depletion and   Impairment   Operating   equipment,   plant and    
    Revenue   tax   Net revenues   expenses   Net   amortization   of goodwill   income   net   equipment   Investments
BulkMaterials
                                                                                       
Iron ore
    17,775       (364 )     17,411       (6,547 )     10,864       (876 )           9,988       14,595       3,645       47  
Pellets
    4,301       (189 )     4,112       (2,394 )     1,718       (112 )           1,606       645       127       721  
Manganese
    266       (15 )     251       (77 )     174       (5 )           169       18       3        
Ferroalloys
    1,211       (128 )     1,083       (457 )     626       (22 )           604       166       32        
Coal
    577             577       (441 )     136       (33 )           103       826       144       187  
Pig iron
    146             146       (67 )     79       (3 )           76       144       122        
 
                                                                                       
 
    24,276       (696 )     23,580       (9,983 )     13,597       (1,051 )           12,546       16,394       4,073       955  
Base Metals
                                                                                       
Nickel and other products (*)
    7,829             7,829       (4,425 )     3,404       (1,323 )     (950 )     1,131       21,525       2,813       53  
Kaolin
    209       (9 )     200       (213 )     (13 )     (32 )           (45 )     199       6        
Copper concentrate
    893       (22 )     871       (683 )     188       (77 )           111       3,543       283        
Aluminum products
    3,042       (66 )     2,976       (2,288 )     688       (172 )           516       3,831       440       140  
 
                                                                                       
 
    11,973       (97 )     11,876       (7,609 )     4,267       (1,604 )     (950 )     1,713       29,098       3,542       193  
Fertilizers
                                                                                       
Potash
    295       (16 )     279       (120 )     159       (19 )           140       159       43        
 
                                                                                       
 
    295       (16 )     279       (120 )     159       (19 )           140       159       43        
Logistics
                                                                                       
Railroads
    1,303       (205 )     1,098       (749 )     349       (103 )           246       760       121       326  
Ports
    304       (39 )     265       (198 )     67       (26 )           41       1,441       242        
Ships
                                                    374       343       94  
 
                                                                                       
 
    1,607       (244 )     1,363       (947 )     416       (129 )           287       2,575       706       420  
Others
    358       (30 )     328       (262 )     66       (4 )           62       228       608       840  
 
                                                                                       
 
    38,509       (1,083 )     37,426       (18,921 )     18,505       (2,807 )     (950 )     14,748       48,454       8,972       2,408  
 
                                                                                       
 
(*)   Includes nickel co-products and by-products (copper, precious metals, cobalt and others).

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25   Related party transactions
    Balances from transactions with major related parties are as follows:
                                 
    As of December 31  
    2010     2009  
    Assets     Liabilities     Assets     Liabilities  
AFFILIATED COMPANIES AND JOINT VENTURES
                               
Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de Pelotização — HISPANOBRÁS
    264       300       34       34  
Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização — ITABRASCO
          10       1       6  
Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização — NIBRASCO
          23             22  
Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização — KOBRASCO
          4       1       5  
Baovale Mineração SA
    3       30       2       22  
Minas da Serra Geral SA — MSG
          9             26  
MRS Logística SA
    1       15       10       418  
Mineração Rio Norte SA
    2       25             25  
Samarco Mineração SA
    61             55        
Teal Minerals Incorporated
                84        
Korea Nickel Corporation
                11        
Mitsui & CO, LTD
          61             26  
Others
    229       84       24       29  
 
                       
 
    560       561       222       613  
 
                       
Current
    531       559       186       496  
 
                       
Long-term
    29       2       36       117  
 
                       
    These balances are included in the following balance sheet classifications:
                                 
    As of December 31  
    2010     2009  
    Assets     Liabilities     Assets     Liabilities  
Current assets
                               
Accounts receivable
    435             79        
Loans and advances to related parties
    96             107        
Non-current assets
                               
Loans and advances to related parties
    29             36        
Current liabilities
                               
Suppliers
          538             463  
Loans from related parties
          21             33  
Non-current liabilities
                               
Long-term debt
          2             117  
 
                       
 
    560       561       222       613  
 
                       
    Income and expenses from the principal transactions and financial operations carried out with major related parties are as follows:
                                                 
    Year ended as of December, 31  
    2010     2009     2008  
    Income     Expense     Income     Expense     Income     Expense  
AFFILIATED COMPANIES AND JOINT VENTURES
                                               
Companhia Nipo-Brasileira de Pelotização — NIBRASCO
          149       29       47       105       393  
Samarco Mineração SA
    448             97             259        
Companhia Ítalo-Brasileira de Pelotização — ITABRASCO
          50             18       240       163  
Companhia Hispano-Brasileira de
Pelotização — HISPANOBRÁS
    462       513       85       75       342       378  
Companhia Coreano-Brasileira de Pelotização — KOBRASCO
          117             29       101       234  
Usinas Siderúrgicas de Minas Gerais SA — USIMINAS (*)
                46             651        
Mineração Rio Norte SA
          156             210             249  
MRS Logística SA
    16       561       12       484       9       829  
Mitsui & CO, LTD
          1             30             13  
Others
    17       18       19       29       34       34  
 
                                   
 
    943       1,565       288       922       1,741       2,293  
 
                                   
 
(*)   Sold in April 2009.

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    These amounts are included in the following statement of income line items:
                                                 
    Year ended as of December, 31  
    2010     2009     2008  
    Income     Expense     Income     Expense     Income     Expense  
Sales / Cost of iron ore and pellets
    910       786       223       233       1,698       1,382  
Revenues / expense from logistic services
    23       603       26       457       25       624  
Sales / Cost of aluminum products
          156             210             249  
Financial income/expenses
    10       20       29       32       18       38  
 
                                   
 
    943       1,565       288       922       1,741       2,293  
 
                                   
    Additionally we have loans payable to Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Social and BNDES Participações S.A in the amounts of US$2,172 and US$739 respectively, accruing interest at market rates, which fall due through 2029. The operations generated interest expenses of US$147. We also maintain cash equivalent balances with Banco Bradesco S.A. in the amount of US$574 it December 31, 2010. The effect of these operations in results was US$5.
26   Derivative financial instruments
    Risk management policy
    Vale has developed its risk management strategy in order to provide an integrated approach of the risks the Company is exposed to. To do that, Vale evaluate not only the impact of market risk factors in the business results (market risk), but also the risk arising from third party obligations with Vale (credit risk) and those risks inherent in Vale’s operational processes (operational risk).
    Vale considers that the effective management of risk is a key objective to support its growth strategy and financial flexibility. The risk reduction on Vale’s future cash flows contributes to a better perception of the Company’s credit quality, improving its ability to access different markets. As a commitment to the risk management strategy, the Board of Directors has established an enterprise-wide risk management policy and a risk management committee.
    The risk management policy determines that Vale should evaluate regularly its cash flow risks and potential risk mitigation strategies. Whenever considered necessary, mitigation strategies should be put in place to reduce cash flow volatility. The executive board is responsible for the evaluation and approval of long-term risk mitigation strategies recommended by the risk management committee.
    The risk management committee assists our executive officers in overseeing and reviewing our enterprise risk management activities, including the principles, policies, process, procedures and instruments employed to manage risk. The risk management committee reports periodically to the executive board on how risks have been monitored, what are the most important risks we are exposed to and their impact on cash flows.
    The risk management policy and procedures that complement the normative of risk management governance model, explicitly prohibit speculative transactions with derivatives and require the diversification of operations and counterparties.
    Besides the risk management governance model, Vale has put in place a well defined corporate governance structure. The recommendation and execution of the derivative transactions are implemented by independent areas. The strategy and risk management department is responsible for defining and proposing to the risk management committee, market risk mitigation strategies consistent with Vale’s and its wholly owned subsidiaries corporate strategy. The finance department is responsible for the execution of the risk mitigation strategies through the use of derivatives. The independence of the areas guarantees an effective control on these operations.
    When measuring our exposures, the correlations between market risk factors are taken into consideration once we must be able to evaluate the net impact on our cash flows from all main market variables. We are also able to identify a natural diversification of products and currencies in our portfolio and therefore a natural reduction of the overall risk of the Company.
    The consolidated market risk exposure and the portfolio of derivatives are measured monthly and monitored in order to evaluate the financial results and market risk impacts on our cash flow, as well as to guarantee that the initial goals

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    will be achieved. The mark-to-market of the derivatives portfolio is reported weekly to management.
    Considering the nature of Vale’s business and operations, the main market risk factors which the Company is exposed are:
    Interest rates;
 
    Foreign exchange;
 
    Product prices and input costs
    Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
    Vale’s cash flows are exposed to volatility of several different currencies. While most of our product prices are indexed to the US dollars, most of our costs, disbursements and investments are indexed to currencies other than the US dollar, mainly the Brazilian real and Canadian dollar.
    Derivative instruments may be used to reduce Vale’s potential cash flow volatility arising from its currency mismatch. Vale’s foreign exchange and interest rate derivative portfolio consists, basically, of interest rate swaps to convert floating cash flows in Brazilian real to fixed or floating US dollar cash flows, without any leverage.
    Vale is also exposed to interest rate risks on loans and financings. Our floating rate debt consists mainly of loans including export pre-payments, commercial banks and multilateral organizations loans.
    In general, our US dollars floating rate debt is subject to changes in the LIBOR (London Interbank Offer Rate in US dollars). To mitigate the impact of the interest rate volatility on its cash flows, Vale takes advantage of natural hedges resulting from the correlation of metal prices and US dollar floating rates. When natural hedges are not present, we may opt to look for the same effect by using financial instruments.
    Our Brazilian real denominated debt subject to floating interest rates refers to debentures, loans obtained from Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) and property and services acquisition financing in the Brazilian market. These debts are mainly linked to CDI and TJLP.
    The swap transactions used to convert debt linked to Brazilian reais into U.S. Dollars have similar — and sometimes shorter — settlement dates than the final maturity of the debt instruments. Their amounts are similar to the principal and interest payments, subjected to liquidity market conditions. The swaps with shorter settlement date than the debts’ final maturity are renegotiated through time so that their final maturity match — or become closer — to the debt final maturity. At each settlement date, the results on the swap transactions partially offset the impact of the foreign exchange rate in our obligations, contributing to stabilize the cash disbursements in U.S. Dollars for the interest and/or principal payment of our Brazilian Real denominated debt.
    In the event of an appreciation (depreciation) of the Brazilian real against the US dollar, the negative (positive) impact on our Brazilian real denominated debt obligations (interest and/or principal payment) measured in US dollars will be partially offset by a positive (negative) effect from a swap transaction, regardless of the US dollar / Brazilian real exchange rate on the payment date.
    We have other exposures associated with our outstanding debt portfolio. In order to reduce cash flow volatility associated with a financing from KFW (Kreditanstalt Für Wiederaufbau) indexed to Euribor, Vale entered into a swap contract where the cash flows in Euros are converted into cash flows in US dollars. We have also entered into a swap to convert the cash flow from a debt instrument issued originally in Euro into US dollars. In this derivative transaction, we receive fixed interest rates in Euros and pay fixed interest rates in US dollars.
    In order to reduce the cash flows volatility associated with the foreign exchange exposure from some coal fixed price sales, Vale purchased forward Australian dollars.
    Product price risk
    Vale is also exposed to several market risks associated with commodities price volatilities. Currently, our derivative

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    transactions include nickel, aluminum, coal, copper, bunker oil and maritime freight (FFA) derivatives and all have the same purpose of mitigating Vale’s cash flow volatility.
    Nickel — The Company has the following derivative instruments in this category:
    Strategic derivative program — in order to protect our cash flows in 2010 and 2011, we entered into derivative transactions where we fixed the prices of some of our nickel sales during the period.
 
    Fixed price sales program — we use to enter into nickel future contracts on the London Metal Exchange (LME) with the purpose of maintaining our exposure to nickel price variation, regarding the fact that, in some cases, the commodity is sold at a fixed price to some customers. Whenever the ‘Strategic derivative program’ is executed, the ‘Fixed price sales program’ is interrupted.
 
    Nickel purchase program — Vale has also sold nickel futures on the LME, in order to minimize the risk of mismatch between the pricing on the costs of intermediate products and finished goods.
    Aluminum — In order to protect our cash flow in 2010, we entered into derivatives transactions where we fixed the prices of some of our aluminum sales during the period. Aluminum operations are available for sale since June 2010.
    Coal — In order to protect our cash flow in 2010, we entered into derivatives transactions where we fixed the prices of some of our coal sales during the period.
    Copper — We entered into derivatives transactions in order to reduce the cash flow volatility due to the quotation period mismatch between the pricing period of copper scrap purchase and the pricing period of final products sale to the clients.
    Bunker Oil — In order to reduce the impact of bunker oil price fluctuation on Vale’s freight hiring and, therefore, on Vale’s cash flow, Vale implemented a derivative program that consists of forward purchases and swaps.
    Maritime Freight — In order to reduce the impact of freight price fluctuations on the Company’s cash flows, Vale implemented a derivative program that consists of purchasing Forward Freight Agreements (FFA).
    Embedded derivatives — In addition to the contracts mentioned above, Vale Inco Ltd., Vale’s wholly-owned subsidiary, has nickel concentrate and raw materials purchase agreements, where there are provisions based on the movement of nickel and copper prices. These provisions are considered embedded derivatives. There is also an embedded derivative related to energy purchase in our subsidiary Albras, on which there is a premium that can be charged based on the movement of aluminum prices. Aluminum operations are available for sale since June 2010.
    Under the Standard Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities, all derivatives, whether designated in hedging relationships or not, are required to be recorded in the balance sheet at fair value and the gain or loss in fair value is included in current earnings, unless if qualified as hedge accounting. A derivative must be designated in a hedging relationship in order to qualify for hedge accounting. These requirements include a determination of what portions of hedges are deemed to be effective versus ineffective. In general, a hedging relationship is effective when a change in the fair value of the derivative is offset by an equal and opposite change in the fair value of the underlying hedged item. In accordance with these requirements, effectiveness tests are performed in order to assess effectiveness and quantify ineffectiveness for all designated hedges.
    At December 31, 2010, we have outstanding positions designated as cash flow hedge. A cash flow hedge is a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk, such as a forecasted purchase or sale. If a derivative is designated as cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the changes in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in other comprehensive income and recognized in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. However, the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivatives designated as hedges is recognized in earnings. If a portion of a derivative contract is excluded for purposes of effectiveness testing, such as time value, the value of such excluded portion is included in earnings.

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The assets and liabilities balances of derivatives measured at fair value and the effects of their recognition are shown in the following tables:
                                                                 
    Assets     Liabilities  
    As of December 31     As of December 31  
            2010             2009             2010             2009  
    Short-term     Long-term     Short-term     Long-term     Short-term     Long-term     Short-term     Long-term  
Derivatives not designated as hedge
                                                               
Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
                                                               
CDI & TJLP vs. floating & fixed swap
          300             794                          
EURO floating rate vs.
USD floating rate swap
    1                   1                          
USD floating rate vs. fixed USD rate swap
                            4             7       1  
EuroBond Swap
                                  8              
Pre Dollar Swap
          1                                      
AUD floating rate vs. fixed USD rate swap
    2                   9                          
 
                                               
 
    3       301             804       4       8       7       1  
 
                                                               
Commodities price risk
                                                               
Nickel
                                                               
Fixed price program
    13             12       2       12             3       8  
Strategic program
                            15             32        
Aluminium
                                        16        
Bunker Oil Hedge
    16             49                                
Coal
                            2                    
Maritime Freight Hiring Protection Program
                29             2                    
 
                                               
 
    29             90       2       31             51       8  
 
                                                               
Derivatives designated as hedge
                                                               
Foreign exchange cash flow hedge
    20             15       59                          
Strategic Nickel
                                  53              
Aluminium
                                        71        
 
                                               
 
    20             15       59             53       71        
 
                                               
Total
    52       301       105       865       35       61       129       9  
 
                                               

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    The following table presents the effects of derivatives for the periods ended:
                                                                                                                                                 
    Amount of gain or (loss) recognized as financial income (expense)     Financial settlement     Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in OCI  
    Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31     Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31     Three-month period ended (unaudited)     Year ended as of December, 31  
    December 31,     September 30,     December 31,                             December 31,     September 30,     December 31,                             December 31,     September 30,     December 31,                    
    2010     2010     2009     2010     2009     2008     2010     2010     2009     2010     2009     2008     2010     2010     2009     2010     2009     2008  
Derivatives not designated as hedge
                                                                                                                                               
 
                                                                                                                                               
Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
                                                                                                                                               
CDI & TJLP vs. USD fixed and floating rate swap
    259       433       198       451       1,598       48       (819 )     (33 )     (90 )     (956 )     (243 )     (397 )                                    
EURO floating rate vs. USD floating rate swap
                1       (1 )           (684 )     1                   1       (1 )     1                                      
USD floating rate vs. USD fixed rate swap
          (1 )           (2 )     (2 )     7       (2 )     1       2       3       8                                            
Swap Convertibles
                      37                                     (37 )                                                
Swap NDF
          3             4                         (2 )           (2 )                                                
EuroBond Swap
    1       72             (5 )                       (1 )           (1 )                                                
Pre Dollar Swap
                                                                                                           
AUD floating rate vs. fixed USD rate swap
    1       1       1       3       14             (1 )     (1 )     (3 )     (9 )     (5 )                                          
 
                                                                                                           
 
    261       508       200       487       1,610       (629 )     (821 )     (36 )     (91 )     (1,001 )     (241 )     (396 )                                    
 
                                                                                                                                               
Commodities price risk
                                                                                                                                               
Nickel
                                                                                                                                               
Fixed price program
          (5 )           4       5       (102 )           (8 )     19       (7 )     79       48                                      
Purchase program
                                  21                                                                          
Strategic program
    (2 )     (34 )     (6 )     (87 )     (95 )     (3 )     39       16       37       105       73                                            
Copper
                                                                                                                                               
Purchased scrap protection program
                                  (23 )                                   201                                      
Strategic hedging program
                                  (6 )                                   (30 )                                    
Platinum
                                  (5 )                                   26                                      
Gold
                                  (30 )                                   42                                      
Natural gas
                            (4 )     4                               6                                            
Aluminum
                                  (68 )                       16             122                                      
Maritime Freight Hiring Protection Program
    5       9       77       (5 )     66             (11 )     6       (7 )     (24 )     (37 )                                          
Coal
    (2 )     1             (4 )                 2       1             3                                                  
Bunker Oil Hedge
    13       4       41       4       50       (17 )     (7 )     (4 )     (11 )     (34 )     (16 )                                          
 
                                                                                                           
 
    14       (25 )     112       (88 )     22       (229 )     23       11       38       59       105       409                                      
 
                                                                                                                                               
Embedded derivatives:
                                                                                                                                               
For nickel concentrate costumer sales
                            (25 )     29                               (14 )                                          
Customer raw material contracts
                            (76 )     10                                     (10 )                                    
Energy — Aluminum options
    (7 )     (44 )           (51 )           13                                                                          
 
                                                                                                           
 
    (7 )     (44 )           (51 )     (101 )     52                               (14 )     (10 )                                    
 
                                                                                                                                               
Derivatives designated as hedge
                                                                                                                                               
Bunker Oil Hedge
                (16 )           (16 )     (6 )                 5             4                                            
Aluminum
                            13             18       3             47                   7       (11 )     (42 )     31       (36 )     (29 )
Strategic Nickel
    1                   (1 )                                                     (25 )     (68 )           (52 )            
Foreign exchange cash flow hedge
    204       61             284                   (225 )     (75 )           (330 )                 (115 )     66       31       (5 )     38        
 
                                                                                                           
 
    205       61       (16 )     283       (3 )     (6 )     (207 )     (72 )     5       (283 )     4             (133 )     (13 )     (11 )     (26 )     2       (29 )
 
                                                                                                           
Total
    473       500       296       631       1,528       (812 )     (1,005 )     (97 )     (48 )     (1,225 )     (146 )     3       (133 )     (13 )     (11 )     (26 )     2       (29 )
 
                                                                                                           

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(VALE LOGO)
    Unrealized gains (losses) in the period are included in our income statement under the caption of gains (losses) on derivatives, net.
    Final maturity dates for the above instruments are as follows:
         
Interest rates-/ Currencies
  December 2019
Aluminum
  December 2010
Bunker Oil
  December 2011
Freight
  December 2010
Nickel
  December 2012
Copper
  February 2011
Coal
  December 2010

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(VALE LOGO)
Board of Directors, Fiscal Council, Advisory committees and Executive Officers
     
Board of Directors   Governance and Sustainability Committee
 
  Jorge Luiz Pacheco
Ricardo José da Costa Flores
  Renato da Cruz Gomes
Chairman
  Ricardo Simonsen
 
   
Mário da Silveira Teixeira Júnior
  Fiscal Council
Vice-President
   
 
  Marcelo Amaral Moraes
Eduardo Fernando Jardim Pinto
  Chairman
Jorge Luiz Pacheco
   
José Mauro Mettrau Carneiro da Cunha
  Aníbal Moreira dos Santos
José Ricardo Sasseron
  Antônio José de Figueiredo Ferreira
Ken Abe
  Nelson Machado
Luciano Galvão Coutinho
   
Oscar Augusto de Camargo Filho
  Alternate
Renato da Cruz Gomes
  Cícero da Silva
Sandro Kohler Marcondes
  Marcus Pereira Aucélio
 
  Oswaldo Mário Pêgo de Amorim Azevedo
 
   
Alternate
   
 
  Executive Officers
 
   
Deli Soares Pereira
   
Hajime Tonoki
  Roger Agnelli
João Moisés de Oliveira
  Chief Executive Officer
Luiz Augusto Ckless Silva
   
Luiz Carlos de Freitas
  Carla Grasso
Luiz Felix Freitas
  Executive Officer for Human Resources and Corporate
Paulo Sergio Moreira da Fonseca
  Services
Raimundo Nonato Alves Amorim
   
Rita de Cássia Paz Andrade Robles
  Eduardo de Salles Bartolomeo
Wanderlei Viçoso Fagundes
  Executive Officer for Integrated Bulk Operations
 
   
Advisory Committees of the Board of Directors
  Eduardo Jorge Ledsham
 
  Executive Office for Exploration, Energy and Projects
 
   
Controlling Committee
   
Luiz Carlos de Freitas
  Guilherme Perboyre Cavalcanti
Paulo Ricardo Ultra Soares
  Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations
Paulo Roberto Ferreira de Medeiros
   
 
   
 
  José Carlos Martins
Executive Development Committee
  Executive Officer for Marketing, Sales and Strategy
João Moisés de Oliveira
   
José Ricardo Sasseron
   
Oscar Augusto de Camargo Filho
  Mario Alves Barbosa Neto
 
  Executive Officer for Fertilizers
 
   
Strategic Committee
   
Roger Agnelli
  Tito Botelho Martins
Luciano Galvão Coutinho
  Executive Officer for Base Metals Operations
Mário da Silveira Teixeira Júnior
   
Oscar Augusto de Camargo Filho
  Marcus Vinícius Dias Severini
Ricardo José da Costa Flores
  Chief Officer of Accounting and Control Department
 
   
Finance Committee
  Vera Lúcia de Almeida Pereira Elias
Guilherme Perboyre Cavalcanti
  Chief Accountant
Luiz Maurício Leuzinger
  CRC-RJ — 043059/O-8
Ricardo Ferraz Torres
   
Wanderlei Viçoso Fagundes
   

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
         
  Vale S.A.
(Registrant)
 
 
  By:   /s/ Roberto Castello Branco    
Date: February 24, 2011   Roberto Castello Branco   
    Director of Investor Relations