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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10–Q
 
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission file number: 001–32426

   awexlogo9302016a03.jpg
WEX INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
01–0526993
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
97 Darling Avenue, South Portland, Maine
 
04106
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(207) 773–8171
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 

N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes   ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S–T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes   ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b–2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 
  
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  
Smaller reporting company
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b–2 of the Exchange Act).    
☐ Yes  ☒  No

Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of May 3, 2018 was 43,082,580.


Table of Contents


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 5
 
Item 2.
 32
 
Item 3.
 48
 
Item 4.
 48
 
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 48
 
Item 1A.
 48
 
Item 2.
 50
 
Item 6.
 
 
 




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Unless otherwise indicated or required by the context, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “WEX,” or the “Company,” in this
Quarterly Report on Form 10–Q mean WEX Inc. and all of its subsidiaries that are consolidated under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States.
FORWARD–LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for statements that are forward-looking and are not statements of historical facts. This Quarterly Report includes forward-looking statements including, but not limited to, statements about management’s plan and goals. Any statements in this Quarterly Report that are not statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. When used in this Quarterly Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such words. Forward-looking statements relate to our future plans, objectives, expectations and intentions and are not historical facts and accordingly involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results or performance to be materially different from future results or performance expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report and in oral statements made by our authorized officers:
the effects of general economic conditions on fueling patterns as well as payment and transaction processing activity;
the impact of foreign currency exchange rates on the Company’s operations, revenue and income;
changes in interest rates;
the impact of fluctuations in fuel prices;
the effects of the Company’s business expansion and acquisition efforts;
potential adverse changes to business or employee relationships, including those resulting from the completion of an acquisition;
competitive responses to any acquisitions;
uncertainty of the expected financial performance of the combined operations following completion of an acquisition;
the ability to successfully integrate the Company’s acquisitions;
the ability to realize anticipated synergies and cost savings;
unexpected costs, charges or expenses resulting from an acquisition;
the failure of corporate investments to result in anticipated strategic value;
the impact and size of credit losses;
the impact of changes to the Company’s credit standards;
breaches of the Company’s technology systems or those of our third-party service providers and any resulting negative impact on our reputation, liabilities or relationships with customers or merchants;
the Company’s failure to maintain or renew key agreements;
failure to expand the Company’s technological capabilities and service offerings as rapidly as the Company’s competitors;
failure to successfully implement the Company’s information technology strategies and capabilities in connection with its technology outsourcing and insourcing arrangements and any resulting cost associated with that failure;
the actions of regulatory bodies, including banking and securities regulators, or possible changes in banking or financial regulations impacting the Company’s industrial bank, the Company as the corporate parent or other subsidiaries or affiliates;
the impact of the Company’s outstanding notes on its operations;
the impact of increased leverage on the Company’s operations, results or borrowing capacity generally, and as a result of acquisitions specifically;
the incurrence of impairment charges if our assessment of the fair value of certain of our reporting units changes;
the uncertainties of litigation; as well as
other risks and uncertainties identified in Item 1A of our annual report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2018.
Our forward-looking statements and these factors do not reflect the potential future impact of any alliance, merger, acquisition, disposition or stock repurchases. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the initial filing of this Quarterly Report and undue reliance should not be placed on these statements. We disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used in this Quarterly Report, including the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. The following is provided to aid the reader and provide a reference point when reviewing this Quarterly Report.
2016 Credit Agreement
Credit agreement entered into on July 1, 2016 by and among the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, as borrowers, WEX Card Holding Australia Pty Ltd., as designated borrower, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent on behalf of the lenders, as amended.
2017 Tax Act
2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Adjusted Net Income or ANI

A non-GAAP measure that adjusts net income attributable to shareholders to exclude unrealized gains and losses on derivatives, net foreign currency remeasurement gains and losses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, stock-based compensation, restructuring and other costs, debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization, adjustments attributed to our non-controlling interest and certain tax related items.
Segment adjusted operating income
A non-GAAP measure that adjusts operating income to exclude specified items that the Company’s management excludes in evaluating segment performance, including acquisition and divestiture related expenses and adjustments including the amortization of purchased intangibles, the expense associated with stock-based compensation, restructuring and other costs, debt restructuring costs and unallocated corporate expenses.
AOC
AOC Solutions and one of its affiliate companies, 3Delta Systems, Inc.
ASU 2014–09
Accounting Standards Update No. 2014–09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)
ASU 2016–01
Accounting Standards Update No. 2016–01 Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825–10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
ASU 2016–02
Accounting Standards Update No. 2016–02 Leases (Topic 842)
ASU 2016–09
Accounting Standards Update No. 2016–09 Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting
ASU 2016–13
Accounting Standards Update No. 2016–13 Financial Instruments–Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
ASU 2016–18
Accounting Standards Update No. 2016–18 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash
ASU 2017–07
Accounting Standards Update 2017–07 Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost
Australian Securitization Subsidiary
Southern Cross WEX 2015–1 Trust, a bankruptcy-remote subsidiary consolidated by the Company
Company
WEX Inc. and all entities included in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
EBITDA
A non-GAAP measure that adjusts income before income taxes to exclude interest, depreciation and amortization
EFS
Electronic Funds Source, LLC, a provider of customized corporate payment solutions for fleet and corporate customers with a focus on the large and mid-sized over-the-road fleets. On July 1, 2016, the Company acquired WP Mustang Topco LLC, the indirect parent of Electronic Funds Source, LLC and Warburg Pincus Private Equity XI (Lexington), LLC, an affiliated entity, from investment funds affiliated with Warburg Pincus LLC
European Fleet business
European commercial fleet card portfolio acquired from ExxonMobil
European Securitization Subsidiary
Gorham Trade Finance B.V., a bankruptcy-remote subsidiary consolidated by the Company
FASB
Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
GAAP
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States
Indenture
The Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture dated as of January 30, 2013 among the Company, the guarantors listed therein, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee
NYSE
New York Stock Exchange
Notes
$400 million notes with a 4.75% fixed rate, issued on January 30, 2013
Over-the-road
Typically heavy trucks traveling long distances
Payment solutions purchase volume
Total amount paid by customers for transactions
Payment processing transactions
Funded payment transactions where the Company maintains the receivable for total purchase
SaaS
Software-as-a-service
SEC
Securities and Exchange Commission
Total fleet transactions
Total of transaction processing and payment processing transactions of our Fleet Solutions segment
Transaction processing transactions
Unfunded payment transactions where the Company is the processor and only has receivables for the processing fee
WEX
WEX Inc.
WEX Health
Evolution1 and Benaissance, collectively

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PART I
Item 1. Financial Statements.
WEX INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues
 
 
 
 
Payment processing revenue
 
$
168,454

 
$
136,378

Account servicing revenue
 
78,704

 
61,539

Finance fee revenue
 
49,682

 
43,372

Other revenue
 
57,989

 
50,068

Total revenues
 
354,829

 
291,357

Cost of services
 
 
 
 
Processing costs
 
79,640

 
64,334

Service fees
 
12,326

 
17,600

Provision for credit losses
 
13,990

 
12,231

Operating interest
 
8,485

 
4,893

Depreciation and amortization
 
20,450

 
17,384

Total cost of services
 
134,891

 
116,442

General and administrative
 
55,309

 
42,151

Sales and marketing
 
56,541

 
40,158

Depreciation and amortization
 
29,726

 
31,854

Operating income
 
78,362

 
60,752

Financing interest expense
 
(27,337
)
 
(27,148
)
Net foreign currency gain
 
390

 
8,442

Net unrealized gains on interest rate swap agreements
 
13,508

 
1,565

Income before income taxes
 
64,923

 
43,611

Income taxes
 
15,589

 
14,535

Net income
 
49,334

 
29,076

Less: Net income (loss) from non-controlling interest
 
701

 
(325
)
Net income attributable to shareholders
 
$
48,633

 
$
29,401

 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to WEX Inc. per share:
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
1.13

 
$
0.69

Diluted
 
$
1.12

 
$
0.68

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
43,049

 
42,871

Diluted
 
43,450

 
43,119

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

See Note 1, Basis of Presentation, for further details on our change in presentation to a functional income statement.


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WEX INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Net income
$
49,334

 
$
29,076

Changes in investment securities, net of tax expense of $1

 
3

Foreign currency translation
1,935

 
16,620

Comprehensive income
51,269


45,699

Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
991

 
(283
)
Comprehensive income attributable to WEX Inc.
$
50,278

 
$
45,982

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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WEX INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited) 
 
March 31,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
373,169

 
$
508,072

Restricted cash
26,716

 
18,866

Accounts receivable (net of allowances of $31,443 in 2018 and $30,207 in 2017)
2,770,399

 
2,517,980

Securitized accounts receivable, restricted
170,327

 
150,235

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
80,598

 
69,413

Total current assets
3,421,209

 
3,264,566

Property, equipment and capitalized software (net of accumulated depreciation of $279,693 in 2018 and $264,928 in 2017)
162,968

 
163,908

Goodwill
1,876,922

 
1,876,132

Other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization of $427,812 in 2018 and $392,827 in 2017)
1,119,768

 
1,154,047

Investment securities
23,049

 
23,358

Deferred income taxes, net
6,914

 
7,752

Other assets
144,790

 
253,088

Total assets
$
6,755,620

 
$
6,742,851

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
947,317

 
$
811,362

Accrued expenses
298,179

 
315,346

Short-term deposits
778,858

 
986,989

Short-term debt, net
300,710

 
397,218

Other current liabilities
31,825

 
24,795

Total current liabilities
2,356,889

 
2,535,710

Long-term debt, net
2,132,283

 
2,027,752

Long-term deposits
330,043

 
306,865

Deferred income taxes, net
132,442

 
119,283

Other liabilities
33,774

 
32,683

Total liabilities
4,985,431

 
5,022,293

Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)

 

Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Common Stock $0.01 par value; 175,000 shares authorized; 47,500 shares issued in 2018 and 47,352 in 2017; 43,072 shares outstanding in 2018 and 43,022 in 2017
475

 
473

Additional paid-in capital
567,038

 
569,319

Retained earnings
1,453,957

 
1,404,683

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(89,150
)
 
(90,795
)
Treasury stock at cost; 4,428 shares in 2018 and 2017
(172,342
)
 
(172,342
)
Total WEX Inc. stockholders’ equity
1,759,978

 
1,711,338

Non-controlling interest
10,211

 
9,220

Total stockholders’ equity
1,770,189

 
1,720,558

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
6,755,620

 
$
6,742,851

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

See Note 1, Basis of Presentation, for further details on our change in presentation to a classified balance sheet.

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WEX INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
 
Common Stock Issued
 
 Additional
Paid-In Capital
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Treasury Stock
 
 Retained
Earnings
 
 Non-Controlling Interest
 
Total Stockholders’
Equity
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
47,173

 
$
472

 
$
547,627

 
$
(122,839
)
 
$
(172,342
)
 
$
1,244,271

 
$
8,558

 
$
1,505,747

Cumulative-effect adjustment1

 

 

 

 

 
263

 

 
263

Balance at January 1, 2017
47,173

 
472

 
547,627

 
(122,839
)
 
(172,342
)
 
1,244,534

 
8,558

 
1,506,010

Stock issued
154

 
1

 
72

 

 

 

 

 
73

Share repurchases for tax withholdings

 

 
(9,021
)
 

 

 

 

 
(9,021
)
Stock–based compensation expense

 

 
6,457

 

 

 

 

 
6,457

Changes in investment securities, net of tax expense of $1

 

 

 
3

 

 

 

 
3

Foreign currency translation

 

 

 
16,578

 

 

 
42

 
16,620

Net income (loss)

 

 

 

 

 
29,401

 
(325
)
 
29,076

Balance at March 31, 2017
47,327


$
473


$
545,135


$
(106,258
)
 
$
(172,342
)
 
$
1,273,935

 
$
8,275

 
$
1,549,218

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
47,352

 
$
473

 
$
569,319

 
$
(90,795
)
 
$
(172,342
)
 
$
1,404,683

 
$
9,220

 
$
1,720,558

Cumulative–effect adjustment2

 

 

 

 

 
641

 

 
641

Balance at January 1, 2018
47,352

 
$
473

 
$
569,319

 
$
(90,795
)
 
$
(172,342
)
 
$
1,405,324

 
$
9,220

 
$
1,721,199

Stock issued
148

 
2

 
574

 

 

 

 

 
576

Share repurchases for tax withholdings

 

 
(11,810
)
 

 

 

 

 
(11,810
)
Stock-based compensation expense

 

 
8,955

 

 

 

 

 
8,955

Foreign currency translation

 

 

 
1,645

 

 

 
290

 
1,935

Net income

 

 

 

 

 
48,633

 
701

 
49,334

Balance at March 31, 2018
47,500

 
$
475

 
$
567,038

 
$
(89,150
)
 
$
(172,342
)
 
$
1,453,957

 
$
10,211

 
$
1,770,189

1 Includes the impact of modified retrospective transition as part of the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016–09 to recognize previously disallowed excess tax benefits that increased a net operating loss.
2 Includes the impact of modified retrospective adoption of Topic 606.
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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WEX INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
 
Net income
$
49,334

 
$
29,076

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
 
 
 
Net unrealized gain
(10,790
)
 
(2,991
)
Stock-based compensation
8,955

 
6,457

Depreciation and amortization
50,176

 
49,238

Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization
3,676

 
1,954

Provision for deferred taxes
12,705

 
10,517

Provision for credit losses
13,990

 
12,231

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable and securitized receivables
(273,124
)
 
(194,859
)
Prepaid expenses and other current and other long-term assets
117,069

 
(1,024
)
Accounts payable
133,716

 
60,650

Accrued expenses
(17,404
)
 
(32,547
)
Income taxes
92

 
685

Other current and other long-term liabilities
(3,152
)
 
(331
)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
85,243

 
(60,944
)
Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
Purchases of property, equipment and capitalized software
(14,770
)
 
(21,693
)
Purchase of equity investment
(2,307
)
 

Purchases of investment securities
(121
)
 
(114
)
Maturities of investment securities
72

 
229

Net cash used for investing activities
(17,126
)
 
(21,578
)
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
Repurchase of share-based awards to satisfy tax withholdings
(11,810
)
 
(9,020
)
Proceeds from stock option exercises
576

 
72

Net change in deposits
(185,433
)
 
(78,392
)
Net activity on other debt
(19,027
)
 
(19,010
)
Borrowings on revolving credit facility
488,503

 
1,237,606

Repayments of revolving credit facility
(625,821
)
 
(1,035,026
)
Borrowings on term loans
153,000

 

Repayments on term loans
(9,076
)
 
(8,688
)
Debt issuance costs
(2,907
)
 

Net change in securitized debt
19,402

 
3,354

Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities
(192,593
)
 
90,896

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(2,577
)
 
2,926

Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(127,053
)
 
11,300

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period (a)
526,938

 
213,342

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period (a)
$
399,885

 
$
224,642

 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
 
 
 
Capital expenditures incurred but not paid
$
4,801

 
$
4,352

(a) The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets to amounts reported within our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:

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Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
$
508,072

 
$
190,930

Restricted cash at beginning of period
18,866

 
22,412

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
526,938

 
213,342

 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
373,169

 
203,995

Restricted cash at end of period
26,716

 
20,647

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
$
399,885

 
$
224,642

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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WEX INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
 
1.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10–Q and Rule 10–01 of Regulation S–X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements that are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future periods or the year ending December 31, 2018.
The Company rounds amounts in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements to thousands and calculates all per-share data from underlying whole-dollar amounts. Thus, certain amounts may not foot, crossfoot or recalculate based on reported numbers due to rounding.
Changes to Prior Year Financial Statement Presentation
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company modified the presentation of the balance sheets and statements of income and changed how we allocate certain costs to our segments. These changes enhance the information reported to the users of our financial statements.
The Company now classifies assets and liabilities as current and non-current within our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as defined according to the normal twelve month operating cycle of our business. Prior period amounts have been recast to conform with this presentation. As a result of this change, total assets and total liabilities have increased by approximately $3.7 million compared to what was reported within our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2017 due to a gross-up of interest rate swap arrangements to reflect their corresponding short and long-term portions. See Note 11, Fair Value, for more information on the fair value of our interest rate swap arrangements.
Additionally, the Company has modified the presentation of certain line items in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. Under the new presentation, costs of services are segregated from other operating expenses. Operating expenses have been reclassified into functional categories in order to provide additional detail into the underlying drivers of changes in operating expenses and align presentation with industry practice. The revised presentation did not result in a change to previously reported revenues, operating income, income before income taxes or net income.
Effective with the change in financial statement presentation noted above, the Company now reports expenses in the categories noted below. No changes have been made to non-operating expenses.
Cost of Services
Processing costs - The Company’s processing costs consist of expenses related to processing transactions, servicing customers and merchants, cost of goods sold related to hardware and other product sales.
Service fees - The Company incurs costs from third-party networks utilized to deliver payment solutions. Additionally, other third-parties are utilized in performing services directly related to generating revenue. With the adoption of Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018, certain network fees paid to third-party networks are no longer recorded as service fees and are now presented as a reduction of revenues.
Provision for credit losses - Changes in the reserve for credit loss are the result of changes in management’s estimate of the losses in the Company’s outstanding portfolio of receivables, including losses from fraud.
Operating interest - The Company incurs interest expense on the operating debt obtained to provide liquidity for its short-term receivables.
Depreciation and amortization - The Company has identified those tangible and intangible assets directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue and records the depreciation and amortization associated with those assets under this category. Such assets include processing platforms and related infrastructure, acquired developed technology intangible assets, and other similar asset types.

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


Other Operating Expenses
General and administrative - General and administrative includes compensation and related expenses for the executive, finance and accounting, other information technology, human resources, legal and other corporate functions. Also included are corporate facilities expenses, certain third-party professional service fees and other corporate expenses.
Sales and marketing - The Company’s sales and marketing expenses relate primarily to compensation, benefits, sales commissions and related expenses for sales, marketing and other related activities. With the adoption of Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018, certain payments to partners are now classified as sales and marketing expenses.
Depreciation and amortization - The depreciation and amortization associated with tangible and intangible assets, that are not considered to be directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue, are recorded as other operating expenses. Such assets include corporate facilities and information technology assets and acquired intangible assets other than those included in cost of services.

    

12

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


2.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The following table provides a brief description of accounting pronouncements adopted during the quarter and recent accounting pronouncements that could have a material effect on our financial statements:
Standard
 
Description
 
Date/Method of Adoption
 
Effect on financial statements or other significant matters
Adopted During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
ASU 2014–09
 
This standard supersedes most existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The new revenue recognition standard requires entities to recognize revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

 
The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: full retrospective approach, which requires an entity to restate each prior period that is reported in the financial statements and modified retrospective approach, which requires a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date, without restatement of prior period amounts. The Company adopted the standard using the modified retrospective method, applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018.

 
The Company’s revenue from discount and interchange, transaction processing and certain fees is within the scope of Topic 606. FASB and its Transition Resource Group have issued clarifications on various aspects of ASU 2014–09. There were three primary impacts to the Company resulting from the adoption of Topic 606, which are described below.

Certain amounts paid to partners in our Fleet Solutions and Travel and Corporate Solutions segments have been determined to fall under the “cost to obtain a contract” guidance. As a result, these amounts, which were previously presented as a reduction of revenues, are now reflected within sales and marketing on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. This change increased both reported revenues and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 by approximately $14.9 million.

Network fees paid by all three of our segments, but primarily by our Travel and Corporate Solutions segment, are now presented as a reduction of revenues in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. Prior to January 1, 2018, these amounts were included within service fees. This change reduced both reported revenues and expenses by approximately $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Certain costs to obtain a contract, such as sales commissions, are to be capitalized and amortized over the life of the customer relationship, with a practical expedient available for contracts under one year in duration. The vast majority of the Company’s commissions will continue to be expensed as incurred.

As of January 1, 2018, we recorded $0.6 million cumulative-effect adjustment, net of the associated tax effect, related to the deferral of capitalizable costs to obtain a contract within our Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segment. These commissions are amortized to sales and marketing expense over a useful life that considers the contract term, our commission policy, renewal experience and the transfer of services to which the asset relates.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASU 2017–07
 
This standard changes the presentation of net benefit pension costs by requiring the disaggregation of certain of its components. Under the guidance, companies are required to present the service cost component in the same income statement line item(s) as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. The other components of net benefit cost will be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of operating income, if one is presented. Additionally, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization under the new guidance.
 
The Company adopted ASU 2017–07 effective January 1, 2018.
 
The adoption did not have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or consolidated financial position.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

13

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


ASU 2016–18
 
This standard clarifies the classification and presentation of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. The statement of cash flows must explain the change during the period in the total of cash and cash equivalents and amounts described as restricted cash or cash equivalents.
 
The Company retrospectively adopted ASU 2016–18 effective January 1, 2018.
 
This retrospective adoption resulted in including restricted cash in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash when reconciling the beginning of year and end of year amounts presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

A reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported within our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets is included within our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASU 2016–01
 
This standard requires equity investments, except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.
 
The Company adopted ASU 2016–01 effective
January 1, 2018.
 
All gains and losses on investment securities are now reflected as non-operating income within our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. The adoption did not have a material impact on our results of operations, balance sheet or cash flows.
Not Yet Adopted as of March 31, 2018
ASU 2016–02 Leases (Topic 842)
 
This standard increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required.
 
The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period.

When transitioning, the standard requires leases to be recognized and measured at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach.
 
The Company is evaluating the impact the standard will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASU 2016–13 Financial Instruments–Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
 
This standard requires financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses will be based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that impact the collectability of the reported amount.
 
The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.
 
The Company is evaluating the impact the standard will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.


14

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


3.
Revenue
The Company adopted Topic 606 on January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective method. See Note 2, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, for further information regarding the adoption impact. Under the modified retrospective method, prior period comparable financial information continues to be presented under the guidance of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. Please see the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for our accounting policies applied to revenue recognition prior to adoption of Topic 606.
Topic 606 does not apply to rights or obligations associated with financial instruments, including the Company’s finance fee and interest income from banking relationships and cardholders, certain other fees associated with cardholder arrangements and commissions paid related to such agreements, which continue to be within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 310, Receivables (“Topic 310”).
The vast majority of the Company’s Topic 606 revenue is derived from stand-ready obligations to provide payment processing, transaction processing and SaaS services and support. Revenue is recognized based on the value of services transferred to date using a time elapsed output method. Point-in-time revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2018 was not material.
We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by service-type for each of our segments, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
The following table disaggregates our consolidated revenue:
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(In thousands)
Fleet Solutions
 
Travel and Corporate Solutions
 
Health and Employee Benefit Solutions
 
Total
Topic 606 revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment processing revenue
$
106,978

 
$
44,777

 
$
16,699

 
$
168,454

Account servicing revenue
8,466

 
9,469

 
27,025

 
44,960

Other revenue
17,042

 
1,117

 
8,142

 
26,301

Total Topic 606 revenues
$
132,486

 
$
55,363

 
$
51,866

 
$
239,715

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Topic 310 revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Account servicing revenue
$
33,744

 

 

 
$
33,744

Finance fee revenue
43,604

 
259

 
5,819

 
49,682

Other revenue
20,531

 
11,157

 

 
31,688

Total Topic 310 revenues
$
97,879

 
$
11,416

 
$
5,819

 
$
115,114

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
$
230,365

 
$
66,779

 
$
57,685

 
$
354,829

Payment Processing Revenue
Payment processing revenue consists primarily of interchange income. Interchange income is a fee paid by a merchant bank (“merchant”) to the card-issuing bank (generally the Company) in exchange for the Company facilitating and processing transactions with cardholders. Interchange fees are set by the card network. WEX processes transactions through both closed-loop and open-loop networks.
Our Fleet Solutions segment interchange income primarily relates to revenue earned on transactions processed through the Company’s proprietary closed-loop fuel networks. In closed-loop network arrangements, written contracts are entered into between the Company and merchants, which determine the interchange fee charged on transactions. The Company extends short-term credit to the fleet cardholder and pays the merchant the purchase price for the cardholder’s transaction, less the interchange fees the Company retains. The Company collects the total purchase price from the fleet cardholder. In Europe, interchange income is specifically derived from the difference between the negotiated price of fuel from the supplier and the agreed upon price paid by fleet cardholders.

15

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


Interchange income in our Travel and Corporate Solutions and Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segments relates to revenue earned on transactions processed through open-loop networks. In open-loop network arrangements, there are several intermediaries involved between the merchant and the cardholder and written contracts between all parties involved in the process do not exist. Rather, the transaction is governed by the rates determined by the payment network at the point-of-sale. This framework dictates the interchange rate, the risk of loss, dispute procedures and timing of payment. For these transactions, there is an implied contract between the Company and the merchant.
In our Travel and Corporate Solutions segment, the Company remits payment to the card network for the purchase price of the cardholder transaction, less the interchange fees the Company earns. The Company collects the total purchase price from the cardholder.
In our Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segment, funding of transactions and collections from cardholders is performed by third-party sponsor banks, who remit a portion of the interchange fee to us.
The Company has determined that the merchant is the customer as it relates to interchange income regardless of the type of network through which transactions are processed. The Company’s primary performance obligation to merchants is a stand-ready commitment to provide payment and transaction processing services as the merchant requires, which is satisfied over time in daily increments. Since the timing and quantity of transactions to be processed by us is not determinable, the total consideration is determined to be variable consideration. The variable consideration for our payment and transaction processing service is usage-based and therefore it specifically relates to our efforts to satisfy our obligation. The variability is satisfied each day the service is provided to the customer. We directly ascribe variable fees to the distinct day of service to which it relates, and we consider the services performed each day in order to ascribe the appropriate amount of total fees to that day. Therefore, we measure interchange income on a daily basis based on the services that are performed on that day.
In determining the amount of consideration received related to payment and transaction processing services provided, the Company assessed other intermediaries involved in the processing of transactions, including merchant acquirers, card networks, sponsor banks and third-party payment processors, and assessed whether the Company controls such services performed by other intermediaries according to principal-agent guidance in Topic 606. Based on this assessment, the Company determined that WEX does not control the services performed by merchant acquirers, card networks and sponsor banks as each of these parties is the primary obligor for their portion of payment and transaction processing services performed. Therefore interchange income is recognized net of any fees owed to these intermediaries. The Company determined that services performed by third-party payment processors are controlled by WEX as the Company is responsible for directing how the third-party payment processor authorizes and processes transactions on the Company’s behalf. Therefore, such fees paid to third-party payment processors are recorded as service fees within cost of services.
Additionally, the Company enters into contracts with certain large customers or strategic cardholders that provide for fee rebates tied to performance milestones. The Company considered whether such fee rebates constitute consideration payable to a customer or other parties that purchase services from the customer per Topic 606. If so, such fee rebates are recorded as a reduction in payment processing revenue in the same period that related interchange income is recognized. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, such variable consideration totaled approximately $198.5 million. Fee rebates made to certain other partners were determined to be costs to obtain a contract, and are recorded as sales and marketing expenses.
Account Servicing Revenue
In our Fleet Solutions segment, account servicing revenue is primarily comprised of monthly fees charged to cardholders based on the number of vehicles serviced. These fees are primarily in return for providing monthly vehicle data reports and are recognized on a monthly basis as the service is provided. Such revenue is outside of the scope of Topic 606, and continues to be accounted for under Topic 310.
In our Travel and Corporate Solutions segment, account servicing reflects revenues earned from our accounts receivable and accounts payable SaaS platforms obtained as part of our recent AOC acquisition.
In our Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segment, we also recognize account servicing fees for the per-participant per-month fee charged per consumer on our SaaS healthcare technology platform. Customers including health plans, third-party administrators, financial institutions and payroll companies typically enter into three to five year contracts, which contain significant termination penalties. Our primary performance obligation is a stand-ready commitment to provide SaaS services and support which is satisfied over time in a series of daily increments. Revenue is recognized based on an output method based using days elapsed to measure progress as the Company transfers control evenly over each monthly subscription period.

16

Table of Contents
WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


Finance Fee Revenue
The Company earns revenue on overdue accounts, which is recognized as revenue at the time the fees are assessed. The finance fee is calculated using the greater of a minimum charge or a stated late fee rate multiplied by the outstanding balance that is subject to a late fee charge. On occasion, these fees are waived to maintain customer goodwill. The established reserve for such waived amounts is estimated and offset against the late fee revenue recognized. The Company engages in factoring, which is the purchase of accounts receivable from a third-party at a discount. Revenue earned in this transaction is recorded in finance fees. The Company also recognizes finance fee revenue earned on the Company’s foreign salary advance product. All finance fees listed above are within the scope of Topic 310 and are recognized at the time of assessment.
Other Revenue
Other revenue includes transaction processing revenue, professional and marketing services and the sales of telematics hardware, all of which is within scope of Topic 606. Revenue is recognized when control of the services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those services. In addition, international settlement fees and certain other cardholder fees (e.g. replacement card fees) are included in other revenue. These cardholder fees are within the scope of Topic 310 and are recognized upon completion of the related service.
Contract Balances
The Company’s contract assets consist of upfront payments made to customers under long-term contracts and are recorded upon payment or when due. These payments reduce revenue recognition in future periods, as the resulting asset is amortized against revenue as the Company performs its obligations under these arrangements.
The Company’s contract liabilities, which consist of upfront payments received from customers, are recorded as contract liabilities upon receipt or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these arrangements.
The following table provides information about these contract assets and liabilities from contracts with customers. Our contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.
(In thousands)

 
 
 
 
Contract balance
 
Location on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets
 
March 31, 2018
Receivables1
 
Accounts receivable, net
 
$
19,379

Contract assets
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets
 
$
53,363

Contract liabilities
 
Other current liabilities
 
$
23,841

1 The majority of the Company’s receivables, excluded from the table above, are either due from cardholders, who have not been deemed our customer as it relates to interchange income, or from revenues earned outside of the scope of ASC Topic 606.
Impairment losses recognized on our receivables and contract assets were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2018. In the three months ended March 31, 2018, revenue recognized related to contract liabilities as of December 31, 2017 was immaterial.
Remaining Performance Obligations
The Company’s unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied performance obligations as of March 31, 2018 represent the remaining minimum monthly fees on a portion of contracts across the lines of business and contractually obligated professional services yet to be provided by the Company. It is not indicative of the Company’s future revenue, as it relates to an insignificant portion of the Company’s operations. As allowed by Topic 606, the Company has elected to exclude from this disclosure the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.
    

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


The following table includes revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to remaining performance obligations at the end of the reporting period.
(In thousands)
2018
 
2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Minimum monthly fees1
$
34,432

 
$
30,814

 
$
17,565

 
$
9,719

 
$
5,744

 
$
267

 
$
98,541

Professional services2
12,840

 
2,363

 

 

 

 

 
15,203

Total remaining performance obligations
$
47,272

 
$
33,177

 
$
17,565

 
$
9,719

 
$
5,744

 
$
267

 
$
113,744

1 The transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents the minimum monthly fees on certain service contracts, which contain substantive termination penalties that require the counterparty to pay the Company for the aggregate remaining minimum monthly fees upon an early termination for convenience.
2 Includes software development projects and other services sold subsequent to the core offerings, to which the customer is contractually obligated.
4.
Business Acquisition
AOC
Effective October 18, 2017, the Company acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of AOC Solutions and one of its affiliate companies, 3Delta Systems, Inc. (collectively “AOC”), an industry leader in commercial payments technology. The acquisition of AOC, a longstanding technology provider for our virtual card product, will broaden our capabilities, increase our pool of employees with payments platform expertise and allow us to evolve with the needs of our customers and partners through the use of AOC’s payments processing technology platforms.
The Company purchased AOC for $129.8 million, which was funded with cash on hand and through borrowings under the 2016 Credit Agreement. The Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed throughout the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date. The Company has obtained information to assist in determining the fair values of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed since the acquisition, resulting primarily in the recording of other intangible assets and goodwill. Goodwill is calculated as the consideration in excess of net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized, including synergies derived from the acquisition. The goodwill and intangible assets recorded from this business combination were assigned to our Travel and Corporate Solutions segment.
The Company has not finalized the purchase accounting and is currently evaluating the tax basis and the allocation of book basis to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in this business combination. Specifically, the Company is still reviewing the valuation as well as performing procedures to verify the completeness and accuracy of the data used in the independent valuation for intangible assets identified in the table below. Additionally, we are assessing the value of acquired in-process research and development software. The preliminary estimates could change significantly upon completion of this evaluation. The goodwill recognized in this business combination will be deductible for income tax purposes.
    

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Table of Contents
WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


The following is a summary of the preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities acquired:
(In thousands)
As Reported
December 31, 2017
 
Measurement Period Adjustments
 
As Reported,
March 31, 2018
Total consideration
$
129,828

 
$

 
$
129,828

Less:
 
 
 
 

Cash
15,546

 

 
15,546

Accounts receivable
4,171

 

 
4,171

Property and equipment
2,530

 
(1,329
)
 
1,201

Customer relationships (a)
15,000

 
200

 
15,200

Developed technologies (b)
24,100

 

 
24,100

Trademarks and trade names (c)
1,460

 
10

 
1,470

Other liabilities
(685
)
 
(449
)
 
(1,134
)
Recorded goodwill
$
67,706

 
$
1,568

 
$
69,274

(a) Weighted average life – 9.0 years.
(b) Weighted average life – 3.4 years.
(c) Weighted average life – 4.3 years.
(a) (b) (c) The weighted average life of these amortized intangible assets is 5.5 years.
Since the acquisition date, the operations of AOC contributed net revenues of approximately $6.7 million and net loss before taxes of approximately $0.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. No pro forma information has been included in these financial statements as the operations of AOC for the period that they were not part of the Company are not material to the Company’s revenues, net income and earnings per share.
5.
Accounts Receivable
In general, the Company’s trade receivables provide for payment terms of 30 days or less. Receivables not paid within the terms of the agreement are generally subject to late fees based upon the outstanding receivable balance.
The Company extends revolving credit to certain small fleets. These accounts are also subject to late fees, and balances that are not paid in full are subject to interest charges based on the revolving balance. The Company had approximately $14.1 million and $12.2 million in receivables with revolving credit balances as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The receivables portfolio consists of a large group of homogeneous smaller balances across a wide range of industries, which are collectively evaluated for impairment. No one third-party receivable represented 10 percent or more of the outstanding receivables balance at March 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017. The following table presents the outstanding balance of trade accounts receivable that are less than 30 and 60 days past due, in each case, as a percentage of total trade accounts receivable:
 
March 31,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Delinquency Status
 
29 days or less past due
96
%
 
95
%
59 days or less past due
98
%
 
97
%
Reserves for Accounts Receivable
Receivables are generally written off when they are 150 days past due or upon declaration of bankruptcy of the customer. The reserve for credit losses is calculated by an analytic model that also takes into account other factors, such as the actual charge-offs for the preceding reporting periods, expected charge-offs and recoveries for the subsequent reporting periods, a review of past due accounts receivable balances, changes in payment patterns, known fraudulent activity in the portfolio, as well as leading economic and market indicators.


19

Table of Contents
WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


The following table presents changes in the accounts receivable allowances:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
  (In thousands)
2018
 
2017
Balance, beginning of year
$
30,207

 
$
20,092

Provision for credit losses
13,990

 
12,231

Charges to other accounts1
4,442

 
2,939

Charge-offs
(19,221
)
 
(13,369
)
Recoveries of amounts previously charged-off
1,926

 
928

Currency translation
99

 
745

Balance, end of period
$
31,443

 
$
23,566

1 The Company earns revenue by assessing monthly finance fees on accounts with overdue balances. These fees are recognized as revenue at the time the fees are assessed. The finance fee is calculated using the greater of a minimum charge or a stated late fee rate multiplied by the outstanding balance that is subject to a late fee charge. On occasion, these fees are waived to maintain relationship goodwill. Charges to other accounts represents the offset against the late fee revenue recognized when the Company establishes a reserve for such waived amounts.
6.
Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and vested deferred stock units outstanding during the year. The computation of diluted earnings per share is similar to the computation of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased for the assumed exercise of dilutive options, the assumed issuance of unvested restricted stock units and deferred stock units, and unvested performance-based restricted stock units for which the performance condition has been met as of the date of determination using the treasury stock method unless the effect is anti-dilutive. The treasury stock method assumes that proceeds, including cash received from the exercise of employee stock options and the average unrecognized compensation expense for unvested share-based compensation awards, would be used to purchase the Company’s common stock at the average market price during the period.
The following table summarizes net income attributable to shareholders and reconciles basic and diluted shares outstanding used in the earnings per share computations:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 (In thousands)
2018
 
2017
Net income attributable to shareholders
$
48,633

 
$
29,401

 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding – Basic
43,049

 
42,871

Dilutive impact of share-based compensation awards
401

 
248

Weighted average common shares outstanding – Diluted
43,450

 
43,119

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, an immaterial number of outstanding share-based compensation awards were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, as the effect of including these awards would be anti-dilutive.
7.
Derivative Instruments
The Company is exposed to certain market risks relating to its ongoing business operations. From time to time, the Company enters into derivative instrument arrangements to manage various risks including interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk and commodity price risk.
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
During 2016 and 2017, we entered into five interest rate swap contracts. Collectively, these derivative contracts are intended to fix the future interest payments associated with $1.3 billion of our variable rate borrowings at between 0.896% and 2.212%. At March 31, 2018, we had variable-rate borrowings of $1.7 billion under our 2016 Credit Agreement.

20

Table of Contents
WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


The notional amounts, fixed and variable interest rates and maturities of the interest rate swap agreements are as follows:


Tranche A
 
Tranche B
 
Tranche C
 
Tranche D
 
Tranche E
Notional amount at inception (in thousands)
$300,000
 
$200,000
 
$400,000
 
$150,000
 
$250,000
Amortization
N/A
 
N/A
 
5% annually
 
N/A
 
N/A
Maturity date
12/30/2022
 
12/30/2022
 
12/31/2020
 
12/31/2020
 
12/31/2018
Fixed interest rate
2.204%
 
2.212%
 
1.108%
 
1.125%
 
0.896%
The following table presents information on the location and amounts of interest rate swap gains and losses:
(In thousands)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income1
 
2018
 
2017
Interest rate swap agreements – unrealized portion
 
Net unrealized gains on interest rate swap agreements
 
$
13,508

 
$
1,565

Interest rate swap agreements – realized portion
 
Financing interest income (expense)
 
$
313

 
$
(543
)
1 The Company has not elected hedge accounting treatment.
See Note 11, Fair Value, for more information regarding the valuation of the Company’s interest rate swaps.
Foreign Currency Exchange Program
The Company utilizes a limited foreign currency exchange hedging program, entering into short-term foreign currency swaps to convert the foreign currency exposures of certain foreign currency denominated intercompany loans and investments to the base currency. The Company will continue to monitor its foreign currency exposure for discrete items and may, from time to time, hedge certain foreign currency transactions.     
The following table summarizes the contracts related to the Company’s foreign currency swaps, which settle in the base currency at various dates within 5 days after quarter-end:
 
Aggregate Notional Amount
 
March 31,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
Australian dollar
A$
5,000

 
A$
18,000

The amount of gains and losses associated with foreign currency swaps were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017.
8.
Deposits and Borrowed Federal Funds

WEX Bank has issued certificates of deposit with maturities ranging from six months to three years, with interest rates ranging from 1.15% to 2.55% as of March 31, 2018 and from 1.00% to 2.15% as of December 31, 2017. WEX Bank may issue brokered deposits, subject to FDIC rules governing minimum financial ratios, which include risk-based asset and capital requirements. As of March 31, 2018, all brokered deposits were in denominations of $250 thousand or less, corresponding to FDIC deposit insurance limits.
The Company requires deposits from certain customers as collateral for credit that has been extended. These deposits are generally non-interest bearing. Interest-bearing money market deposits are issued in denominations of $250 thousand or less, and pay interest at variable rates based on LIBOR or the Federal Funds rate. Money market deposits may be withdrawn by the holder at any time, although notification may be required and the monthly number of transactions is limited. Interest-bearing money market deposits and customer deposits are classified as short-term deposits on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.



21

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


The following table presents the composition of deposits:
  (In thousands)
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Interest-bearing money market deposits
$
258,204

 
$
285,899

Customer deposits
69,531

 
70,211

Certificates of deposit with maturities within 1 year (a)
451,123

 
630,879

Short-term deposits
778,858

 
986,989

Certificates of deposit with maturities greater than 1 year and less than 5 years (a)
330,043

 
306,865

Total deposits
$
1,108,901

 
$
1,293,854

 
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of funds on certificates of deposit outstanding
1.79
%
 
1.51
%
Weighted average cost of interest-bearing money market deposits
1.80
%
 
1.49
%
(a) Certificates of deposit are classified as short-term or long-term within our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets based on maturity date.
Sources of Funds
WEX Bank participates in the Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”) service offered by Promontory Interfinancial Network, which allows WEX Bank to purchase brokered money market demand accounts and demand deposit accounts in an amount not to exceed $125.0 million. At March 31, 2018, the Company has made no such purchases.
Borrowed Federal Funds
WEX Bank borrows from lines of credit on a federal funds rate basis to supplement the financing of its accounts receivable. There were no borrowings against these lines of credit as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. As of March 31, 2018, the Company’s federal funds available lines of credit was $275.0 million. Effective April 1, 2018, these available lines of credit were reduced to $150.0 million.



22

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


9.
Financing and Other Debt
The following table summarizes the Company’s total outstanding debt:
(In thousands)
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Revolving line-of-credit facility under 2016 Credit Agreement (a)
$
1,000

 
$
136,535

Term loans under 2016 Credit Agreement (a)
1,746,799

 
1,602,875

Notes outstanding (a)
400,000

 
400,000

Securitized debt
145,587

 
126,901

Participation debt
166,361

 
184,990

WEX Latin America debt
9,377

 
9,747

Total gross debt
$
2,469,124

 
$
2,461,048

 
 
 
 
Current portion of gross debt
$
308,638

 
$
404,233

Less: unamortized debt issuance costs
(7,928
)
 
(7,015
)
Short-term debt, net
$
300,710

 
$
397,218

 
 
 
 
Long-term gross debt
$
2,160,486

 
$
2,056,815

Less: unamortized debt issuance costs
(28,203
)
 
$
(29,063
)
Long-term debt, net
$
2,132,283

 
$
2,027,752

 
 
 
 
Supplemental information under 2016 Credit Agreement:
 
 
 
Letters of credit (b)
$
52,600

 
$
27,500

Borrowing capacity
$
516,400

 
$
405,965

(a) See Note 11, Fair Value, for more information regarding the Company’s 2016 Credit Agreement and notes outstanding.
(b) Collateral for lease agreements, virtual card and fuel payment processing activity at the Company’s foreign subsidiaries
2016 Credit Agreement
The 2016 Credit Agreement provides for tranche A and tranche B term loan facilities in amounts equal to $455.0 million and $1,335.0 million respectively, and a $570.0 million secured revolving credit facility, with a sublimit for letters of credit and swingline loans. Under the 2016 Credit Agreement, amounts due under the revolving credit facility and the tranche A term loan facility mature in July 2021, while amounts due under the tranche B term loan facility mature in July 2023. Prior to maturity, amounts borrowed under the credit facility will be reduced by mandatory quarterly payments of $5.7 million and $3.4 million for tranche A and tranche B term loan facilities, respectively.
On January 17, 2018, the Company repriced the secured term loans under the 2016 Credit Agreement, which reduced the applicable interest rate margin for the Company’s tranche B term loan facility by 50 basis points for both LIBOR borrowings and base rate borrowings and increased the outstanding amounts on these tranche B term loans from $1,182.0 million to $1,335.0 million. In addition, the repricing made certain other changes to the 2016 Credit Agreement, including increasing the maximum consolidated leverage ratio for both the period of December 31, 2018 through September 30, 2019, and upon the occurrence of an acquisition meeting certain specified criteria, permitting the incurrence of unsecured indebtedness as long as the Company is in pro forma compliance with the financial covenants, resetting the six month soft call period for a repricing of the tranche B term loans and resetting and amending the test for incremental loans. Following the repricing, the applicable interest rate margin for the tranche B term loans was set at 2.3% for LIBOR borrowings and 1.25% for base rate borrowings.
After giving effect to the January 2018 repricing, amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, (a) the Eurocurrency Rate, as defined in the 2016 Credit Agreement, plus a margin of between 1.75% to 3.25% (2.25% at March 31, 2018) with respect to the revolving credit facility, between 1.75% to 2.75% (2.00% at March 31, 2018) with respect to the tranche A term loan facility, and 2.25% with respect to the tranche B term loan facility (with the Eurocurrency Rate subject to a 0.00% floor), in each case, based on the consolidated leverage ratio or (b) the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the prime rate announced by Bank of America, and (iii) the Eurocurrency Rate plus 1.00%, in each case plus a margin of 0.75% to 2.25% (1.25% at March 31, 2018) with respect to the revolving credit facility, 0.75% to

23

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


1.75% (1.00% at March 31, 2018) with respect to the tranche A term loan facility and 1.75% with respect to the tranche B term loan facility, with the margin determined in the case of the revolving credit facility and the tranche A term loan facility based on the consolidated leverage ratio. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement bore a weighted average effective interest rate of 4.1 percent and 4.2 percent, respectively.
The Company accounted for the January 2018 repricing as both a debt extinguishment and debt modification by evaluating the refinancing on a creditor by creditor basis. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.1 million related to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and incurred general and administrative expenses of $3.0 million related to third-party costs associated with the modified debt. The loss on extinguishment and third-party costs are reflected as financing interest expense and service fees, respectively, within our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. In addition, the Company incurred and capitalized $2.9 million of new debt issuance costs related to the repricing.
The Company maintains interest rate swap agreements to manage the interest rate risk associated with its outstanding variable-interest rate borrowings under the 2016 Credit Agreement. See Note 7, Derivative Instruments, for further discussion.
Debt Covenants
As more fully described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2017, the 2016 Credit Agreement and the Indenture contain covenants that limit the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries, including its restricted subsidiaries and, in certain limited circumstances, WEX Bank and the Company’s other regulated subsidiaries, to (i) incur additional debt, (ii) pay dividends or make other distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock, or make investments or other restricted payments, (iii) enter into transactions with affiliates, (iv) dispose of assets or issue stock of restricted subsidiaries or regulated subsidiaries, (v) create liens on assets, or (vi) effect a consolidation or merger or sell all, or substantially all, of the Company’s assets. As of March 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all material covenants of its 2016 Credit Agreement and the Indenture.
Notes Outstanding
As of both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $400.0 million of 4.75% fixed-rate senior notes outstanding, which will mature on February 1, 2023. Interest is payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, commencing on August 1, 2013.
Australian Securitization Facility
The Company has entered into a one year securitized debt agreement with the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd expiring April 2018. Subsequent to March 31, 2018, this agreement was extended through April 2019. Under the terms of the agreement, each month, on a revolving basis, the Company sells certain of its Australian receivables to the Company’s Australian Securitization Subsidiary. The Australian Securitization Subsidiary, in turn, uses the receivables as collateral to issue asset-backed commercial paper (“securitized debt”) for approximately 85 percent of the securitized receivables. The amount collected on the securitized receivables is restricted to pay the securitized debt and is not available for general corporate purposes.
The Company pays a variable interest rate on the outstanding balance of the securitized debt, based on the Australian Bank Bill Rate plus an applicable margin. The interest rate was 2.68% and 2.53% as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company had $90.4 million and $90.0 million of securitized debt under this facility as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
WEX Latin America Securitization Facility
During the second quarter of 2017, WEX Latin America entered into a securitized debt agreement to sell certain unsecured receivables associated with our salary payment card product to an investment fund managed by an unrelated third-party financial institution. Under the terms of the agreement, the investment fund’s purchase price incorporates a discount relative to the face value of the transferred receivables.
This securitization arrangement does not meet the derecognition conditions and accordingly WEX Latin America continues to report the transferred receivables in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets with no change in the basis of accounting. Additionally, we recognize the cash proceeds received from the investment fund and record offsetting securitized debt in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

24

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


During the three months ended March 31, 2018, WEX Latin America paid $2.3 million in exchange for a non-controlling equity investment in the securitization facility. This equity investment is recorded within other assets in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company had $31.6 million and $19.0 million of securitized debt under this facility as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. During the three months ending March 31, 2018, the Company recognized approximately $2.1 million of operating interest under this financing arrangement.
European Securitization Facility
On April 7, 2016, the Company entered into a five-year securitized debt agreement with the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company sells certain of its receivables from selected European countries to its European Securitization Subsidiary. The European Securitization Subsidiary, in turn, uses the receivables as collateral to issue securitized debt. The amount collected on the securitized receivables is restricted to pay the securitized debt and is not available for general corporate purposes. The amounts of receivables to be securitized under this agreement will be determined by management on a monthly basis. The interest rate was 0.30 percent and 1.11 percent as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company had $23.5 million and $17.9 million of securitized debt under this facility as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Participation Debt
WEX Bank maintains agreements with third-party banks to fund customer balances that exceed WEX Bank’s lending limit to an individual customer. Associated unsecured borrowings carry a variable interest rate of 1 month to 3 month LIBOR plus a margin of 225 basis points. The balance of the debt was approximately $166.4 million and $185.0 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The balance will fluctuate on a daily basis based on customer funding needs. The commitment will mature in amounts of $85.0 million and $50.0 million on May 30, 2018 and December 31, 2021, respectively, with the remaining $31.4 million maturing on demand.
WEX Latin America Debt
WEX Latin America had debt of approximately $9.4 million and $9.7 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. This is comprised of credit facilities and loan arrangements related to our accounts receivable. The average interest rate was 16.2 percent and 21.2 percent as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These borrowings are recorded in short-term debt, net on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented.
10.
Off–Balance Sheet Arrangement
WEX Europe Services Accounts Receivable Factoring
During the first quarter of 2017, WEX Europe Services entered into a factoring arrangement with an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “Purchasing Bank”) to sell certain of its accounts receivable in order to accelerate the collection of the Company’s cash and reduce internal costs, thereby improving liquidity. Under this arrangement, the Purchasing Bank establishes a credit limit for each customer account. The factored receivables are without recourse to the extent that the customer balances are maintained at or below the established credit limit. For customer receivable balances in excess of the Purchasing Bank’s credit limit, the Company maintains the risk of default. The Company obtained a true sale opinion from an independent attorney, which states that the factoring agreement creates a sale of receivables under local law for amounts transferred both below and above the established credit limits. Additionally, there are no indications of the Company’s continuing involvement in the factored receivables. As a result, the Purchasing Bank is deemed the purchaser of these receivables and is entitled to enforce payment of these amounts from the debtor.
This factoring arrangement is accounted for as a sale and accordingly the Company records the receivables sold as a reduction of accounts receivable and proceeds as cash provided by operating activities. The Company sold approximately $170.2 million of receivables under this arrangement during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Proceeds received are recorded net of applicable expenses, interest and commissions. The loss on factoring was $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2017, and was recorded within cost of services in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had associated factoring receivables of approximately $30.3 million, of which approximately $0.5 million were in excess of the established credit limit. Charge-backs on

25

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


balances in excess of the credit limit during the three months ended March 31, 2018 were insignificant. There were no charge-backs on balances in excess of the credit limit during the three months ended March 31, 2017.
11.
Fair Value
The Company holds mortgage-backed securities, fixed-income securities, derivatives (see Note 7, Derivative Instruments) and certain other financial instruments that are carried at fair value. The Company determines fair value based upon quoted prices when available or through the use of alternative approaches, such as model pricing, when market quotes are not readily accessible or available. Various factors are considered in determining the fair value of the Company’s obligations, including: closing exchange or over-the-counter market price quotations; time value and volatility factors underlying options and derivatives; price activity for equivalent instruments; and the Company’s own credit standing.
These valuation techniques may be based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:
Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3 – Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. We did not have any transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during either of the three months ended March 31, 2018 or March 31, 2017.
The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value and the related hierarchy levels:
 (In thousands)
Fair Value Hierarchy
March 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Assets
 
 
 
 
Municipal bonds
2
$
472

 
$
534

Asset-backed securities
2
337

 
345

Mortgage-backed securities
2
300

 
305

Fixed-income mutual fund
1
21,940

 
22,174

Investment securities (a)
 
$
23,049

 
$
23,358

Executive deferred compensation plan trust (b)
1
$
7,565

 
$
6,798

Interest rate swaps (c)
2
$
32,059

 
$
19,595

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps (d)
2
$
4,329

 
$
5,373

(a) Not deemed available for current operations and have been classified as long-term assets.
(b) The fair value of these instruments is recorded in other assets.
(c) The fair value of these instruments is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets or other assets depending on the timing of expected discounted cash flows.
(d) The fair value of these instruments is recorded in other current liabilities based on the timing of expected discounted cash flows.
     
Investment Securities
When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of investment securities; such inputs are classified as Level 1 of the fair-value hierarchy. These securities primarily consist of an open-ended mutual fund which is invested in fixed-income securities and is held in order to satisfy the regulatory requirements of WEX Bank. For mortgage-backed

26

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


and asset-backed debt securities and municipal bonds, the Company generally uses quoted prices for recent trading activity of assets with similar characteristics to the debt security or bond being valued. The securities and bonds priced using such methods are generally valued using Level 2 inputs.
Executive Deferred Compensation Plan Trust
The obligations related to the deferred compensation plan trust are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy because the fair value is determined using quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company determines the fair value of its interest rate swaps based on the discounted cash flows of the difference between the projected fixed payments on the swaps and the implied floating payments using the current LIBOR curve, which are Level 2 inputs of the fair value hierarchy.
Notes Outstanding
The Notes outstanding had a fair value of $402.0 million and $410.0 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The fair value of the Notes, which is recorded in long-term debt, net, is based on market rates for the issuance of our debt and is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
2016 Credit Agreement
The Company determines the fair value of the amount outstanding under its 2016 Credit Agreement based on the market rates for the issuance of the Company’s debt, which are Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. As of both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the carrying value of the 2016 Credit Agreement approximated its fair value.
12.
Income Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rate was 24.0 percent for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to 33.3 percent for the first quarter of 2017. The decline in our tax rate was primarily due to the 2017 Tax Act, which reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018.
During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a provisional amount of one-time income tax benefit of $60.6 million associated with the 2017 Tax Act and it has not changed at March 31, 2018. This estimate may be impacted by further analysis and future clarification and guidance regarding available tax accounting methods and elections, earnings and profits computations and state tax conformity to federal tax changes. As of March 31, 2018, we are still evaluating the effects of the Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provisions as guidance and interpretations continue to emerge. However, we do not expect the impact to be material to our financial statements. We have not determined the accounting policy of either treating taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current period expense when incurred, or factoring such amounts into the Company’s measurement of its deferred taxes. However, the standard requires that we reflect the impact of the GILTI provisions as a period expense until the accounting policy is finalized. Therefore, we have included the provisional estimate of GILTI related to current year operations in our estimated annual effective tax rate and will update the impact and accounting policy as the analysis related to the GILTI provisions is completed.
Undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company amounted to $73.4 million and $58.7 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. For the period ending March 31, 2018, except for GILTI, as indicated above, the Company did not record United States federal income tax on its share of the income of its foreign subsidiaries. Upon distribution of these earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company would be subject to withholding taxes payable, where applicable, to foreign countries, and to certain state income taxes, but would have no further federal income tax liability.

27

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


13.
Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. As of the date of this filing, the current estimate of a reasonably possible loss contingency from all legal proceedings is not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.
Commitments
Significant commitments and contingencies as of March 31, 2018 are consistent with those discussed in Note 18, Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
14.
Stock–Based Compensation
The fair value of restricted stock units, deferred stock units, performance-based restricted stock units and service-based stock options awarded during the three months ended March 31, 2018 totaled $27.4 million, as compared to $28.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017.
The fair value of restricted stock units, deferred stock units and performance-based restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date as reported by the NYSE. The fair value of each service-based option award is estimated on the grant date using a Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model.
The table below summarizes the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of service-based stock options by year of grant:
 
2018
 
2017
Weighted average expected life (in years)
6.0

 
6.0

Weighted average exercise price
$
158.23

 
$
104.95

Weighted average volatility
27.35
%
 
30.67
%
Weighted average risk-free rate
2.69
%
 
2.13
%
Weighted average fair value
$
51.27

 
$
35.58

15.
Restructuring Activities
Restructuring
In the first quarter of 2015, the Company commenced a restructuring initiative (the “2015 Restructuring Initiative”) as a result of its global review of operations. The review of operations identified certain initiatives to further streamline the business, improve the Company’s efficiency and globalize the Company’s operations, all with an objective to improve scale and increase profitability going forward. The Company continued its efforts to improve its overall operational efficiency and began a second restructuring initiative (the “2016 Restructuring Initiative”) during the second quarter of 2016. In connection with the EFS acquisition, the Company initiated a third restructuring program in the third quarter of 2016 (the “Acquisition Integration Restructuring Initiative”).
The restructuring expenses related to these initiatives primarily consist of employee costs and office closure costs directly associated with the respective programs. The Company has determined the amount of expenses related to these initiatives is probable and reasonably estimable. As such, the Company has recorded the impact on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Restructuring charges incurred to date under these initiatives were $24.7 million as of March 31, 2018.
The balances under these initiatives are expected to be paid through 2018 and are included in current liabilities at March, 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Based on current plans, which are subject to change, the amount of additional restructuring costs that the Company expects to incur is immaterial.

28

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


The following table presents the Company’s 2015 Restructuring Initiative liability:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
Balance, beginning of period
$
2,680

 
$
5,231

Restructuring charges

 
310

Reserve release
(14
)
 

Cash paid
(409
)
 
(348
)
Impact of foreign currency translation
80

 
38

Balance, end of period
$
2,337

 
$
5,231

The following table presents the Company’s 2016 Restructuring Initiative liability:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
Balance, beginning of period
$
738

 
$
3,662

Reserve release
(4
)
 
(533
)
Cash paid
(315
)
 

Impact of foreign currency translation
19

 
73

Balance, end of period
$
438

 
$
3,202

The following table presents the Company’s Acquisition Integration Restructuring Initiative liability:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
Balance, beginning of period
$
5,093

 
$
1,764

Restructuring charges1
185

 
707

Cash paid
(5,101
)
 
(590
)
Other
22

 
258

Impact of foreign currency translation
2

 

Balance, end of period
$
201

 
$
2,139

1 Primarily consists of office closure costs.
The following table presents the Company’s total restructuring liability:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
Balance, beginning of period
$
8,511

 
$
10,657

Restructuring charges
185

 
1,017

Reserve release
(18
)
 
(533
)
Cash paid
(5,825
)
 
(938
)
Other
22

 
258

Impact of foreign currency translation
101

 
111

Balance, end of period
$
2,976

 
$
10,572


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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


16.
Segment Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available and is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The operating segments are aggregated into the three reportable segments described below.
Fleet Solutions provides customers with payment and transaction processing services specifically designed for the needs of commercial and government fleets. This segment also provides information management services to these fleet customers.
Travel and Corporate Solutions focuses on the complex payment environment of business-to-business payments, providing customers with payment processing solutions for their corporate payment and transaction monitoring needs.
Health and Employee Benefit Solutions provides healthcare payment products and SaaS consumer directed platforms, as well as payroll related benefits to customers.
The following tables present the Company’s reportable segment results:
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(In thousands)
Fleet Solutions
 
Travel and Corporate Solutions
 
Health and Employee Benefit Solutions
 
Total
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment processing revenue
$
106,978

 
$
44,777

 
$
16,699

 
$
168,454

Account servicing revenue
42,210

 
9,469

 
27,025

 
78,704

Finance fee revenue
43,604

 
259

 
5,819

 
49,682

Other revenue
37,573

 
12,274

 
8,142

 
57,989

Total revenues
$
230,365

 
$
66,779

 
$
57,685

 
$
354,829

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
995

 
$
421

 
$
6,768

 
$
8,184

 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
(In thousands)
Fleet Solutions
 
Travel and Corporate Solutions
 
Health and Employee Benefit Solutions
 
Total
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment processing revenue
$
86,262

 
$
34,875

 
$
15,241

 
$
136,378

Account servicing revenue
36,069

 
155

 
25,315

 
61,539

Finance fee revenue
36,429

 
223

 
6,720

 
43,372

Other revenue
32,063

 
12,460

 
5,545

 
50,068

Total revenues
$
190,823

 
$
47,713

 
$
52,821

 
$
291,357

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
1,124

 
$
46

 
$
6,859

 
$
8,029

In evaluating the financial performance of each segment, the CODM reviews segment adjusted operating income, which excludes: (i) acquisition and divestiture related items (including acquisition-related intangible amortization); (ii) debt restructuring costs; (iii) stock-based compensation; (iv) restructuring and other costs. Additionally, we do not allocate foreign currency gains and losses, financing interest expense, unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments, income taxes and net gains or losses from non-controlling interest to our operating segments.
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company revised how it allocates certain costs in its measure of segment adjusted operating income. The primary change is how the Company allocates information technology and corporate related costs to its segments. Certain information technology and corporate related costs that support multiple segments, which were previously included in Fleet Solutions, are now being allocated to the segment that they support. Certain residual unallocated corporate costs represent

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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


the portion of expenses relating to general corporate functions including acquisition expenses, certain finance, legal, information technology, human resources, administrative and executive expenses and other expenses. These expenses are recorded in unallocated corporate expenses, as these items are centrally and directly controlled and are not included in internal measures of segment operating performance.
Segment results for the three months ended March 31, 2017 have been recast to conform to the current presentation as described above.
The following table reconciles segment adjusted operating income to income before income taxes:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
Segment adjusted operating income
 
 
 
Fleet Solutions
$
101,908

 
$
83,983

Travel and Corporate Solutions
25,249

 
19,186

Health and Employee Benefit Solutions
18,639

 
18,199

Total segment adjusted operating income
$
145,796

 
$
121,368

 
 
 
 
Reconciliation:
 
 
 
Total segment adjusted operating income
$
145,796

 
$
121,368

Less:
 
 
 
Unallocated corporate expenses
13,920

 
12,298

Acquisition–related intangible amortization
35,236

 
37,978

Other acquisition and divestiture related items
637

 
2,136

Debt restructuring costs
3,015

 

Stock–based compensation
8,955

 
6,457

Restructuring and other costs
5,671

 
1,747

Operating income
78,362

 
60,752

Financing interest expense
(27,337
)
 
(27,148
)
Net foreign currency gain
390

 
8,442

Net unrealized gains on interest rate swap agreements
13,508

 
1,565

Income before income taxes
$
64,923

 
$
43,611


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WEX INC
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
(unaudited)


17.
Supplementary Regulatory Capital Disclosure
The Company’s subsidiary, WEX Bank, is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, WEX Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of WEX Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items. WEX Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in the initiation of certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could limit our business activities and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, WEX Bank met all the requirements to be deemed “well-capitalized” pursuant to FDIC regulation and for purposes of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.
WEX Bank’s actual and regulatory minimum capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table:
(In thousands)
Actual Amount
 
Ratio
 
Minimum for Capital Adequacy Purposes Amount
 
Ratio
 
Minimum to Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions Amount
 
Ratio
March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Capital to risk-weighted assets
$
311,040

 
12.80
%
 
$
194,418

 
8.0
%
 
$
243,023

 
10.0
%
Tier 1 Capital to average assets
$
298,226

 
11.32
%
 
$
105,341

 
4.0
%
 
$
131,676

 
5.0
%
Common equity to risk-weighted assets
$
298,226

 
12.27
%
 
$
109,360

 
4.5
%
 
$
157,965

 
6.5
%
Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets
$
298,226

 
12.27
%
 
$
145,814

 
6.0
%
 
$
194,418

 
8.0
%
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Capital to risk-weighted assets
$
316,129

 
13.38
%
 
$
188,991

 
8.0
%
 
$
236,239

 
10.0
%
Tier 1 Capital to average assets
$
304,555

 
12.50
%
 
$
97,452

 
4.0
%
 
$
121,815

 
5.0
%
Common equity to risk-weighted assets
$
304,555

 
12.89
%
 
$
106,308

 
4.5
%
 
$
153,555

 
6.5
%
Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets
$
304,555

 
12.89
%
 
$
141,743

 
6.0
%
 
$
188,991

 
8.0
%
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide information that will assist the reader with understanding our financial statements, the changes in key items in those financial statements from year to year, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting estimates affect our financial statements. The discussion also provides information about the financial results of the three segments of our business to provide a better understanding of how those segments and their results affect our financial condition and results of operations as a whole. Our MD&A is presented in the following sections:
Overview
Summary
Results of Operations
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
This discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017, the notes accompanying those financial statements and MD&A as contained in our Annual Report on Form 10–K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018 and in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes in Part I – Item 1 of this report.

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Overview
WEX Inc. is a leading provider of corporate payment solutions. We have expanded the scope of our business into a multi-channel provider of corporate payment solutions. We currently operate in three business segments: Fleet Solutions, Travel and Corporate Solutions, and Health and Employee Benefit Solutions. Our business model enables us to provide exceptional payment security and control across a spectrum of payment sectors. The Fleet Solutions segment provides customers with fleet vehicle payment processing services specifically designed for the needs of commercial and government fleets. Fleet Solutions revenue is earned primarily from payment processing, account servicing and financing fees. Management estimates that WEX fleet cards are accepted at over 90 percent of fuel locations in each of the United States and Australia. The Travel and Corporate Solutions segment focuses on the complex payment environment of business-to-business payments, providing customers with payment processing solutions for their corporate payment and transaction monitoring needs. The Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segment provides healthcare payment products and SaaS platform consumer-directed healthcare payments, as well as payroll related benefits to customers in Brazil.
The Company’s U.S. operations include WEX Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiaries WEX Bank, WEX FleetOne, EFS and WEX Health. Our international operations include our wholly-owned operations, WEX Fuel Cards Australia, WEX Prepaid Cards Australia, WEX Canada, WEX New Zealand, WEX Asia, WEX Europe Limited, UNIK S.A., a Brazil-based company that we refer to as “WEX Latin America,” and a controlling interest in WEX Europe Services Limited and its subsidiaries.
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company modified the presentation of certain line items in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income; under the new presentation, costs of services are segregated from other operating expenses. Operating expenses have been reclassified into functional categories in order to provide additional detail into the underlying drivers of changes in operating expenses and align its presentation with industry practice. There are no changes to the presentation of revenues, non-operating expenses or other statement of income captions. Additionally, the revised presentation will not result in a change to previously reported revenues, operating income, income before income taxes or net income.
Sources of Operating Expense
Cost of Services
Processing costs - The Company’s processing costs consist of expenses related to processing transactions, servicing customers and merchants, cost of goods sold related to hardware and other product sales.
Service fees - The Company incurs costs from third-party networks utilized to deliver payment solutions; additionally, other third-parties are utilized in performing services directly related to generating revenue. With the adoption of Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018, certain network fees paid to third-party networks are no longer recorded as service fees and are now presented as a reduction of revenues.
Provision for credit losses - Changes in the reserve for credit loss are the result of changes in management’s estimate of the losses in the Company’s outstanding portfolio of receivables, including losses from fraud.
Operating interest - The Company incurs interest expense on the operating debt obtained to provide liquidity for its short-term receivables.
Depreciation and amortization - The Company has identified those tangible and intangible assets directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue and records the depreciation and amortization associated with those assets under this category. Such assets include processing platforms and related infrastructure, acquired developed technology intangible assets, and other similar asset types.
Other Operating Expenses
General and administrative - General and administrative includes compensation and related expenses for the executive, finance and accounting, other information technology, human resources, legal and other corporate functions. Also included are corporate facilities expenses, certain third-party professional service fees and other corporate expenses.
Sales and marketing - The Company’s sales and marketing expenses relate primarily to compensation, benefits, sales commissions and related expenses for sales, marketing and other related activities. With the adoption of Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018, certain payments to partners are now classified as sales and marketing expenses.
Depreciation and amortization - The depreciation and amortization associated with tangible and intangible assets that are not considered to be directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue are recorded as other operating expenses. Such assets include corporate facilities and information technology assets, and acquired intangible assets other than those included in cost of services.

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Effective January 1, 2018, the Company changed how it allocates certain costs. These changes enhance the information reported to the users of our quarterly and annual filings. The primary change is how the Company allocates information technology and corporate-related costs to its segments. Certain information technology and corporate-related costs that support multiple segments, which were previously included entirely within the Fleet Solutions segment, are now being allocated to the segment that they support. Certain residual unallocated corporate costs represent the portion of expenses relating to general corporate functions including acquisition expenses, certain finance, legal, information technology, human resources, administrative and executive expenses and other expenses. These expenses are recorded in unallocated corporate expenses, as these items are centrally and directly controlled and are not included in internal measures of segment operating performance.
Summary
Below are selected items from the first quarter of 2018:
Average number of vehicles serviced increased 8 percent from the first quarter of 2017 to approximately 11.5 million for the first quarter of 2018, resulting entirely from organic growth.
Total fuel transactions processed increased 6 percent from the first quarter of 2017 to 131.8 million for the first quarter of 2018. Total payment processing transactions in our Fleet Solutions segment increased 7 percent to 109.8 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period last year resulting entirely from organic growth.
The average U.S. fuel price per gallon during the first quarter of 2018 was $2.78, a 16 percent increase from the same period last year.
Credit loss expense in the Fleet Solutions segment was $13.0 million during the first quarter of 2018, as compared to $12.6 million in the same period last year, driven by higher average domestic fuel prices and incremental volumes, partly offset by a decrease in fraud loss. Our credit losses were 12.5 basis points of fuel expenditures for the first quarter of 2018, as compared to 17.8 basis points of fuel expenditures in the same period last year.
Our Travel and Corporate Solutions purchase volume grew by approximately $1,340.7 million from the first quarter of 2017 to $7,940.5 million for the first quarter of 2018, an increase of 20 percent, driven by higher customer purchase volumes within the U.S.
Our effective tax rate was 24.0 percent for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to 33.3 percent in the same period last year. The decline in our tax rate was primarily due to the 2017 Tax Act, which reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018. Our effective rate may fluctuate due to changes in estimates made under the 2017 Tax Act as more guidance and clarification is released by the regulators, the mix of earnings among different tax jurisdictions, as well as from impacts that statutory tax rate and earnings mix changes have on our net deferred tax assets. 

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Table of Contents


Results of Operations
The Company does not allocate foreign currency gains and losses, financing interest expense, unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivative instruments, income taxes and net gains or losses from non-controlling interest to our operating segments as management believes these items are unpredictable and can obscure underlying trends. In addition, effective January 1, 2018, the Company does not allocate certain corporate expenses to our operating segments, as these items are centrally controlled and are not directly attributable to any reportable segment.
Certain information technology and corporate related costs that support multiple segments were previously included entirely within the Fleet Solutions segment. Effective January 1, 2018, such amounts are now being allocated to the operating segment that they support. Prior year amounts have been recast to conform with the changes in segment profitability described above.
Fleet Solutions
Revenues
The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Fleet Solutions:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands, except per transaction and per gallon data)
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percent
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment processing revenue
$
106,978

 
$
86,262

 
$
20,716

 
24
%
Account servicing revenue
42,210

 
36,069

 
6,141

 
17
%
Finance fee revenue
43,604

 
36,429

 
7,175

 
20
%
Other revenue
37,573

 
32,063

 
5,510

 
17
%
Total revenues
$
230,365

 
$
190,823

 
$
39,542

 
21
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key operating statistics (a)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment processing revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment processing transactions
109,827

 
102,765

 
7,062

 
7
%
Payment processing fuel spend
$
8,438,143

 
$
7,080,117

 
1,358,026

 
19
%
Average price per gallon of fuel – Domestic – ($USD/gal)
$
2.78

 
$
2.40

 
$
0.38

 
16
%
Net payment processing rate
1.27
%
 
1.22
%
 
0.05
%
 
4
%
(a) Key operating statistics have been modified to provide added insight into segment revenue trends. Metrics for the three months ended March 31, 2017 have been conformed to the current year presentation.
(b) The Company adopted the requirements of ASU 2014–09 (“the new revenue recognition standard”) as of January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective method of transition. Impacted non-financial metrics have been updated prospectively.
Payment processing revenue increased $20.7 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to higher average domestic fuel prices combined with full year effect of price modernization efforts, the impact from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard and increased payment processing volumes due to organic growth. Upon adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, we reclassified certain amounts paid to partners from a reduction of revenue to selling expense and certain network fees from service fees to a reduction of revenue. The net impact of these reclassifications increased reported revenue for the first quarter of 2018 by approximately $5 million.
Account servicing revenue increased by $6.1 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year due primarily to an increase in fees to certain customers as part of domestic price modernization efforts over the course of the prior year.
Other revenue increased by $5.5 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, resulting primarily from higher relative EFS transaction processing revenue, the impact from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard and benefits from our price modernization efforts. The net impact of the new revenue recognition standard reclassifications increased reported other revenue for the first quarter of 2018 by approximately $2 million.
    

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Finance fee revenue is comprised of the following components:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percent
Finance income
$
34,657

 
$
30,596

 
$
4,061

 
13
%
Factoring fee revenue
8,730

 
5,757

 
2,973

 
52
%
Cardholder interest income
217

 
76

 
141

 
186
%
Finance fee revenue
$
43,604

 
$
36,429

 
$
7,175

 
20
%
Finance income primarily consists of late fees charged for receivables not paid within the terms of the customer agreement based upon the outstanding customer receivable balance. This revenue is earned when a customer’s receivable balance becomes delinquent and is calculated using the greater of a minimum charge or a stated late fee rate multiplied by the outstanding balance that is subject to a late fee charge. Changes in the absolute amount of such outstanding balances can be attributed to (i) changes in fuel prices; (ii) customer specific transaction volume; and (iii) customer specific delinquencies. Finance income can also be impacted by (i) changes in late fee rates and (ii) increases or decreases in customer overdue balances. Late fee rates are determined and set based primarily on the risk associated with our customers, coupled with a strategic view of standard rates within our industry. Periodically, we assess the market rates associated within our industry to determine appropriate late fee rates. We consider factors such as the Company’s overall financial model and strategic plan, the cost to our business from customers failing to pay timely and the impact such late payments have on our financial results. These assessments are typically conducted at least annually but may occur more often depending on macro-economic factors.
Finance income increased $4.1 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to changes in overdue outstanding balances resulting from higher average domestic fuel prices and volumes. During the first quarter of 2018, monthly late fee rates ranged from 0 to 7.99 percent with a minimum of $75, as compared to a monthly range of 0 to 6.99 percent with a minimum of $75 during the same period of the prior year. The weighted average rate, net of related charge-offs, was 4.6 percent and 4.5 percent for the first quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively.    
Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions granted to customers during either of the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017.
The primary source of factoring fee revenue is calculated as a negotiated percentage fee of the receivable balance that we purchase. A secondary source of factoring fee revenue is a flat rate service fee to our customers that request a non-contractual same day funding of the receivable balance. Factoring fee revenue increased $3.0 million for the first quarter of 2018, as compared to the same period in the prior year, due to higher relative receivable balances purchased resulting from increased customer demand for our services.
Cardholder interest income was not material to Fleet Solutions operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017.

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Operating Expenses
The following table compares line items within operating income for Fleet Solutions:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percent
Cost of services
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Processing costs
$
49,093

 
$
41,829

 
$
7,264

 
17
 %
Service fees
$
1,587

 
$
1,475

 
$
112

 
8
 %
Provision for credit losses
$
12,989

 
$
12,582

 
$
407

 
3
 %
Operating interest
$
3,176

 
$
1,368

 
$
1,808

 
132
 %
Depreciation and amortization
$
10,162

 
$
11,942

 
$
(1,780
)
 
(15
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative
$
21,347

 
$
17,590

 
$
3,757

 
21
 %
Sales and marketing
$
37,846

 
$
29,942

 
$
7,904

 
26
 %
Depreciation and amortization
$
20,625

 
$
23,140

 
$
(2,515
)
 
(11
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
$
73,540

 
$
50,955

 
$
22,585

 
44
 %
Cost of services
Processing costs increased $7.3 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, due primarily to incremental headcount and other volume-related increases.
Service fees for the first quarter of 2018 were generally consistent with the same period of the prior year.
Provision for credit losses increased by $0.4 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in credit loss was due to higher average domestic fuel prices and incremental volumes, partly offset by a decrease in fraud loss.
We generally measure our credit loss performance by calculating fuel-related credit losses as a percentage of total fuel expenditures on payment processing transactions. This metric for credit losses was 12.5 basis points of fuel expenditures for the first quarter of 2018, as compared to 17.8 basis points of fuel expenditures for the same period last year. We generally use a roll-rate methodology to calculate the amount necessary for our ending receivable reserve balance. This methodology considers total receivable balances, recent charge-off experience, recoveries on previously charged-off accounts, and the dollars that are delinquent to calculate the total reserve. In addition, management undertakes a detailed evaluation of the receivable balances to help further ensure overall reserve adequacy. The expense we recognized in the quarter is the amount necessary to bring the reserve to its required level based on accounts receivable aging and net charge-offs.
Operating interest increased $1.8 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to higher interest rates paid on deposits and an increase in deposits resulting from higher average domestic fuel prices and incremental volumes.
Depreciation and amortization decreased by $1.8 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to lower relative depreciation on our internal use software processing platforms.
Other operating expenses
General and administrative expenses increased $3.8 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, due primarily to increased professional fees.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $7.9 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, due primarily to $7 million of payments to partners, which are included in sales and marketing expenses as a result of adopting the new revenue recognition standard. Prior to January 1, 2018, these payments were reflected as a reduction of revenue.
Depreciation and amortization decreased by $2.5 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to lower relative amortization on certain acquired intangibles.

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Table of Contents


Travel and Corporate Solutions
Revenues
The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Travel and Corporate Solutions:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands, except payment solutions purchase volume in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percent
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment processing revenue
$
44,777

 
$
34,875

 
$
9,902

 
28
 %
Account servicing revenue
9,469

 
155

 
9,314

 
NM

Finance fee revenue
259

 
223

 
36

 
16
 %
Other revenue
12,274

 
12,460

 
(186
)
 
(1
)%
Total revenues
$
66,779

 
$
47,713

 
$
19,066

 
40
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key operating statistics (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment processing revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment solutions purchase volume
$
7,941

 
$
6,600

 
$
1,341

 
20
 %
(a) The Company adopted the requirements of the new revenue recognition standard as of January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective method of transition. Impacted non-financial metrics have been updated prospectively.

NM - not meaningful
Payment processing revenue increased $9.9 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year due to an increase in corporate charge card purchase volume from our WEX travel product in all our major markets, most notably the U.S. and Europe, and the impact from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard. These favorable factors were partly offset by an unfavorable impact of customer mix. Upon adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, we reclassified certain amounts paid to partners from a reduction of revenue to selling expense and network fees paid from service fees to a reduction of revenue. The net impact of these reclassifications increased reported revenue for the first quarter of 2018 by approximately $2 million.
Account servicing revenue increased $9.3 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period of the prior year due to the acquisition of AOC.
Finance fee revenue and other revenue for the first quarter of 2018 were generally consistent with the same period of the prior year.
Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions granted to customers during the three months ended March 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2017, customer balances with such concessions totaled $14.2 million, which resulted in $0.6 million in waived late fees for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

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Table of Contents


Operating Expenses
The following table compares line items within operating income for Travel and Corporate Solutions:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percent
Cost of services
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Processing costs
$
12,655

 
$
4,664

 
$
7,991

 
171
 %
Service fees
$
6,489

 
$
13,749

 
$
(7,260
)
 
(53
)%
Provision for credit losses
$
846

 
$
(412
)
 
$
1,258

 
(305
)%
Operating interest
$
2,675

 
$
1,566

 
$
1,109

 
71
 %
Depreciation and amortization
$
4,453

 
$
851

 
$
3,602

 
423
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative
$
7,118

 
$
3,643

 
$
3,475

 
95
 %
Sales and marketing
$
13,279

 
$
4,969

 
$
8,310

 
167
 %
Depreciation and amortization
$
3,156

 
$
2,855

 
$
301

 
11
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
$
16,108

 
$
15,828

 
$
280

 
2
 %
Cost of services
Processing costs increased $8.0 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase is primarily due to the acquisition of AOC.
Service fees decreased $7.3 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, due primarily to the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard and cost savings as a result of the AOC acquisition, partly offset by incremental expenses resulting from higher relative purchase volumes. Upon adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, we reclassified network fees paid from service fees to a reduction of revenue in the first quarter of 2018. The net impact of this reclassification decreased service fees for the first quarter of 2018 by approximately $5 million.
Provision for credit losses was not material to the operations of Travel and Corporate Solutions for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.
Operating interest expense increased $1.1 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to incremental purchase volumes and higher interest rates paid on deposits.
Depreciation and amortization increased $3.6 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, due primarily to higher relative amortization on acquired intangibles and the acquisition of AOC.
Other operating expenses
General and administrative expenses increased $3.5 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, due primarily to the acquisition of AOC.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $8.3 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, due primarily to the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard. Upon adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, $7 million paid to partners during the first quarter of 2018 are now reflected within sales and marketing. Prior to January 1, 2018, these payments were reflected as a reduction of revenue.
Depreciation and amortization for the first quarter of 2018 was generally consistent with the same period in the prior year.

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Table of Contents


Health and Employee Benefit Solutions
Revenues
The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Health and Employee Benefit Solutions:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands, except purchase volume in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percent
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment processing revenue
$
16,699

 
$
15,241

 
$
1,458

 
10
 %
Account servicing revenue
27,025

 
25,315

 
1,710

 
7
 %
Finance fee revenue
5,819

 
6,720

 
(901
)
 
(13
)%
Other revenue
8,142

 
5,545

 
2,597

 
47
 %
Total revenues
$
57,685

 
$
52,821

 
$
4,864

 
9
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key operating statistics (U.S. only) (a)(b) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payment processing revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchase volume
$
1,503

 
$
1,347

 
$
156

 
12
 %
Account servicing revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average number of SaaS accounts
10,826

 
8,576

 
2,250

 
26
 %
(a) Key operating statistics have been modified to provide added insight into segment revenue trends. Metrics for the three months ended March 31, 2017 have also been conformed to the current year presentation.
(b) The Company adopted the requirements of the new revenue recognition standard as of January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective method of transition. Impacted non-financial metrics have been updated prospectively.
Payment processing revenue increased $1.5 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to an increase in purchase volume as a result of customer signings.
Account servicing revenue increased $1.7 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to WEX Health customer signings and existing customer growth, which resulted in a higher number of participants using our SaaS healthcare technology platform, partly offset by an unfavorable impact from customer mix.
Finance fee revenue decreased $0.9 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in WEX Latin America salary advance volumes.
Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan or granting waivers of late fees. As of March 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no material concessions granted to customers.
Other revenue increased $2.6 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, resulting primarily from higher WEX Latin America and WEX Health ancillary fees.

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Operating Expenses
The following table compares line items within operating income for Health and Employee Benefit Solutions:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percent
Cost of services
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Processing costs
$
17,873

 
$
17,836

 
$
37

 
 %
Service fees
$
4,144

 
$
2,353

 
$
1,791

 
76
 %
Provision for credit losses
$
156

 
$
62

 
$
94

 
152
 %
Operating interest
$
2,634

 
$
1,959

 
$
675

 
34
 %
Depreciation and amortization
$
5,817

 
$
4,592

 
$
1,225

 
27
 %

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative
$
5,893

 
$
5,348

 
$
545

 
10
 %
Sales and marketing
$
5,400

 
$
5,201

 
$
199

 
4
 %
Depreciation and amortization
$
5,431

 
$
5,540

 
$
(109
)
 
(2
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
$
10,337

 
$
9,930

 
$
407

 
4
 %
Cost of services
Processing costs for the first quarter of 2018 were generally consistent with the same period of the prior year.
Service fees increased $1.8 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to increases in healthcare savings account custodial fees and higher payment processing related expenses resulting from volume growth over the past twelve months.
Provision for credit losses was not material to Health and Employee Benefit Solutions’ operations for both the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.
Operating interest increased $0.7 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily resulting from an increase in customer receivable balances due to business growth experienced during 2017.
Depreciation and amortization increased $1.2 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, resulting from higher depreciation expense on capitalized internal-use software development costs.
Other operating expenses
Other operating expenses for the first quarter of 2018 were generally consistent with the same period in the prior year.
Unallocated corporate expenses
Unallocated corporate expenses represent the portion of expenses relating to general corporate functions including acquisition expenses, certain finance, legal, information technology, human resources, administrative and executive expenses and other expenses not directly attributable to a reportable segment.
    

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The following table compares line items within operating income for unallocated corporate expenses:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percent
Cost of services
$
143

 
$
24

 
$
119

 
496
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative
$
20,951

 
$
15,569

 
$
5,382

 
35
 %
Sales and marketing
$
15

 
$
47

 
$
(32
)
 
(68
)%
Depreciation and amortization
$
514

 
$
321

 
$
193

 
60
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating loss
$
(21,623
)
 
$
(15,961
)
 
$
(5,662
)
 
(35
)%
General and administrative increased $5.4 million for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year, due primarily to professional fees incurred as part of our January 2018 debt repricing and higher relative equity compensation expense.
Other unallocated corporate expenses were not material to the Company’s operations.
Non-operating income and expense
The following table reflects comparative results for certain amounts excluded from operating income:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
 
Amount
 
Percent
Financing interest expense
$
(27,337
)
 
$
(27,148
)
 
$
189

 
1
 %
Net foreign currency gain
$
390

 
$
8,442

 
$
(8,052
)
 
(95
)%
Net unrealized gains on interest rate swap agreements
$
13,508

 
$
1,565

 
$
11,943

 
NM

Income taxes
$
15,589

 
$
14,535

 
$
1,054

 
7
 %
Net income (loss) from non-controlling interest
$
701

 
$
(325
)
 
$
1,026

 
NM

NM - not meaningful
Financing interest expense for the first quarter of 2018 was generally consistent with the same period of the prior year, as a loss on the extinguishment of debt as part of our January 2018 debt repricing was almost entirely offset by a decrease in effective interest rates, including the impact of $1.3 billion in interest rate swaps outstanding as of March 31, 2018.
Our foreign currency exchange exposure is primarily related to the remeasurement of our cash, receivable and payable balances, including intercompany transactions that are denominated in foreign currencies. In the first quarter of 2018, net foreign currency remeasurement did not have a material impact on our operations. In the same period of the prior year, we realized an $8.4 million gain resulting from the U.S. dollar weakening relative the British Pound and higher relative international volumes within our Travel and Corporate Solutions segment.
Net unrealized gains on interest rate swap agreements increased $11.9 million, as compared to the same period of the prior year. Late in the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company entered into two interest rate swap agreements with aggregate notional amounts of $500 million. The favorable impact of our swaps resulted from increases in the variable interest rates combined with a higher notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding.
Our effective tax rate was 24.0 percent for the first quarter of 2018 as compared to 33.3 percent in the same period last year. The decline in our tax rate was primarily due to the 2017 Tax Act, which reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018.
During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a provisional amount of one-time income tax benefit of $60.6 million associated with the 2017 Tax Act and it has not changed at March 31, 2018. This estimate may be impacted by further analysis and future clarification and guidance regarding available tax accounting methods and elections, earnings and profits computations, state tax conformity to federal tax changes. As of March 31, 2018, we are still evaluating the effects of the Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provisions as guidance and interpretations continue to emerge, however, we do not expect the impact to be material to our financial statements. We have not determined accounting policy of either treating taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current period expense when incurred or factoring such amounts

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into the Company’s measurement of its deferred taxes. However, the standard requires that we reflect the impact of the GILTI provisions as a period expense until the accounting policy is finalized. Therefore, we have included the provisional estimate of GILTI related to current-year operations in our estimated annual effective tax rate, and will be updating the impact and accounting policy as the analysis related to the GILTI provisions is completed.
    
Net income or loss from non-controlling interest relates to our 75 percent ownership stake in WEX Europe Services. Such amounts were not material to Company operations for both the first quarters of 2018 and 2017.
Non–GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures
The Company’s non-GAAP adjusted net income excludes unrealized gains and losses on derivatives, net foreign currency remeasurement gains and losses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, stock-based compensation, restructuring and other costs, debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization, similar adjustments attributable to our non-controlling interest and certain tax related items.
Although adjusted net income is not calculated in accordance with GAAP, this non-GAAP measure is integral to the Company’s reporting and planning processes; the Company’s chief operating decision maker uses segment adjusted operating income to allocate resources among our operating segments. The Company considers this measure integral because it excludes the above-specified items that the Company’s management excludes in evaluating the Company’s performance. Specifically, in addition to evaluating the Company’s performance on a GAAP basis, management evaluates the Company’s performance on a basis that excludes the above items because:
Exclusion of the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on derivative instruments, including interest rate swap agreements, helps management identify and assess trends in the Company’s underlying business that might otherwise be obscured due to quarterly non-cash earnings fluctuations associated with these derivative contracts. The non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on derivative instruments are difficult to forecast accurately, making comparisons across historical and future quarters difficult to evaluate.
Net foreign currency gains and losses primarily result from the remeasurement to functional currency of cash, receivable and payable balances, certain intercompany notes denominated in foreign currencies and any gain or loss on foreign currency hedges relating to these items. The exclusion of these items helps management compare changes in operating results between periods that might otherwise be obscured due to currency fluctuations.
The Company considers certain acquisition-related costs, including certain financing costs, investment banking fees, warranty and indemnity insurance, certain integration-related expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles, as well as gains and losses from divestitures to be unpredictable, dependent on factors that may be outside of our control and unrelated to the continuing operations of the acquired or divested business or the Company. In prior periods not reflected above, the Company has adjusted for goodwill impairments, acquisition-related asset impairments and gains and losses on divestitures. In addition, the size and complexity of an acquisition, which often drives the magnitude of acquisition-related costs, may not be indicative of such future costs. The Company believes that excluding acquisition-related costs and gains or losses of divestitures facilitates the comparison of our financial results to the Company’s historical operating results and to other companies in our industry.
Stock-based compensation is different from other forms of compensation, as it is a non-cash expense. For example, a cash salary generally has a fixed and unvarying cash cost. In contrast, the expense associated with an equity-based award is generally unrelated to the amount of cash ultimately received by the employee, and the cost to the Company is based on a stock-based compensation valuation methodology and underlying assumptions that may vary over time.
Restructuring and other costs include employee termination benefits from certain identified initiatives to further streamline the business, improve the Company’s efficiency, create synergies and globalize the Company’s operations, all with an objective to improve scale and increase profitability going forward. We exclude these items when evaluating our continuing business performance as such items are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business.
Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization are unrelated to the continuing operations of the Company. Debt restructuring costs are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. In addition, since debt issuance cost amortization is dependent upon the financing method which can vary widely company to company, we believe that excluding these costs helps to facilitate comparison to historical results as well as to other companies within our industry.

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The adjustments attributable to non-controlling interest have no significant impact on the ongoing operations of the business.
The tax related items are the difference between the Company’s U.S. GAAP tax provision and a pro forma tax provision based upon the Company’s adjusted net income before taxes as well as the impact from certain discrete tax items. The methodology utilized for calculating the Company’s adjusted net income tax provision is the same methodology utilized in calculating the Company’s U.S. GAAP tax provision.
For the same reasons, WEX believes that adjusted net income may also be useful to investors as one means of evaluating the Company’s performance. However, because adjusted net income is a non-GAAP measure, it should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, net income, operating income or cash flows from operating activities as determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, adjusted net income as used by WEX may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.
The following table reconciles net income attributable to shareholders to adjusted net income attributable to shareholders:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
Net income attributable to shareholders
$
48,633

 
$
29,401

Unrealized gains on derivative instruments
(13,508
)
 
(1,565
)
Net foreign currency remeasurement gains
(390
)
 
(8,442
)
Acquisition–related intangible amortization
35,236

 
37,978

Other acquisition and divestiture related items
637

 
2,136

Stock–based compensation
8,955

 
6,457

Restructuring and other costs
5,671

 
1,747

Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization
6,692

 
1,954

ANI adjustments attributable to non–controlling interest
(352
)
 
(799
)
Tax related items
(12,893
)
 
(15,979
)
Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders
$
78,681

 
$
52,888

Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that our cash generating capability, financial condition and operations, together with our revolving credit agreement, term loans and notes outstanding, as well as other available methods of financing (including deposits, participation loans, borrowed federal funds, and securitization facilities), will be adequate to fund our cash needs for at least the next 12 months.
Our short-term cash requirements consist primarily of funding the working capital needs of our business, payments on maturities and withdrawals of brokered deposits and borrowed federal funds, required capital expenditures, repayments on our credit facility, interest payments on our credit facility and other operating expenses. WEX Bank can fund our short-term domestic cash requirements through the issuance of brokered deposits and borrowed federal funds. Any remaining cash needs are primarily funded through operations. Our long-term cash requirements consist primarily of amounts owed on our 2016 Credit Agreement and Notes, amounts due to Wyndham Worldwide Corporation as part of our tax receivable agreement and various facilities lease agreements.
Undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company amounted to an estimated $73.4 million and $58.7 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. As discussed in Item 1 – Note 12, Income Taxes, the United States enacted the 2017 Tax Act in December 2017, which impacted undistributed earnings, among other things. The 2017 Tax Act imposes a one-time “transition tax” on foreign undistributed earnings, which will be paid with our 2017 U.S. Income Tax Return. To determine the amount of the transition tax, the Company must determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post–1986 earnings and profits of the relevant foreign subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. At December 31, 2017, the Company made a reasonable estimate of the transition tax and recorded a provisional transition tax obligation of $9.1 million. However, the Company is continuing to gather additional information to more precisely compute the amount of the transition tax and our provisional estimate could change. Upon distribution of these earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company would be subject to withholding taxes payable to the various foreign countries and certain state taxes, but would have no further federal income tax liability. The Company’s primary tax jurisdictions are the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom.

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Earnings outside of the United States are accompanied by certain financial risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may reduce the reported value of our foreign currency revenues, net of expenses, and cash flows. We cannot predict changes in currency exchange rates, the impact of exchange rate changes, nor the degree to which we will be able to manage the impact of currency exchange rate changes.
The table below summarizes our cash activities:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)
2018
 
2017
Cash provided by (used for) operating activities
$
85,243

 
$
(60,944
)
Cash flows used for investing activities
$
(17,126
)
 
$
(21,578
)
Cash flows (used for) provided by financing activities
$
(192,593
)
 
$
90,896

Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 increased $146.2 million as compared to the same period of the prior year, resulting primarily from a return of collateral as a result of contract renegotiations, an increase in accounts payable due to higher volumes and higher relative net income adjusted for non-cash charges. These favorable factors were partly offset by an increase in accounts receivables due to higher fuel prices and volumes as compared to the same period last year.
Investing Activities
Cash used for investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 decreased $4.5 million as compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in capital expenditures. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, cash used for investing activities consisted of $14.8 million of capital additions primarily related to the development of internal-use software as we expand globally and provide competitive products and services to our customers.
Financing Activities
Cash used for financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 increased $283.5 million as compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to net repayments under our credit facility and repayments of deposits as we have taken steps to reduce the size of our balance sheet exposure. These factors were partly offset by $153 million of borrowings as a result of the January 2018 debt repricing.
Securitization Facilities
The Company is a party to three securitized debt agreements. Under one of these agreements, we pay a variable interest rate on the outstanding balance of the securitization facility based on the Australian Bank Bill Rate plus an applicable margin. Under the second agreement, the amount collected on the securitized receivables is restricted to pay the securitized debt and is not available for general corporate purposes. The amounts of receivables to be securitized under this agreement will be determined by management on a monthly basis. Under the third agreement, the Company sells certain unsecured salary advance receivables to an investment fund managed by an unrelated third-party financial institution at a discount relative to the face value of the transferred receivables. See Part I – Item 1 – Note 9, Financing and Other Debt, for more information regarding these facilities.
Deposits and Borrowed Federal Funds
WEX Bank issues certificates of deposit in various maturities ranging from six months to three years, with interest rates ranging from 1.15 percent to 2.55 percent and from 1.00 percent to 2.15 percent as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had approximately $781.2 million and $937.7 million of certificates of deposit outstanding, respectively.
As of March 31, 2018, we had approximately $258.2 million of interest-bearing money market deposits with a weighted average interest rate of 1.80 percent, compared to $285.9 million of interest-bearing money market deposits at December 31, 2017, with a weighted average interest rate of 1.49 percent.
WEX Bank may issue brokered deposits, subject to FDIC rules governing minimum financial ratios, which include risk-based asset and capital requirements. As of March 31, 2018, all brokered deposits were in denominations of $250 thousand or less, corresponding to FDIC deposit insurance limits. Interest-bearing money market funds may be withdrawn at any time. We believe that our brokered deposits are paying competitive yields and that there continues to be consumer demand for these instruments.

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We also carry non-interest bearing deposits that are required for certain customers as collateral for their credit accounts. We had $69.5 million and $70.2 million of these deposits on hand at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
WEX Bank also borrows from lines of credit on a federal funds rate basis to supplement the financing of our accounts receivable. Our federal funds lines of credit were $275.0 million as of March 31, 2018. There were no outstanding balances on these lines of credit as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Effective April 1, 2018, these available lines of credit were reduced to $150.0 million.
2016 Credit Agreement
The 2016 Credit Agreement provides for tranche A and tranche B term loan facilities in amounts equal to $455.0 million and $1.3 billion respectively, and a $570.0 million secured revolving credit facility, with a sublimit for letters of credit and swingline loans. Under the 2016 Credit Agreement, amounts due under the revolving credit facility and the tranche A term loan facility mature in July 2021, while amounts due under the tranche B term loan facility mature in July 2023. Prior to maturity, amounts under the credit facility will be reduced by mandatory quarterly payments of $5.7 million and $3.4 million for tranche A and tranche B term loan facilities, respectively. On January 17, 2018, the Company repriced the secured term loans under the 2016 Credit Agreement, which reduced the applicable interest rate margin for the Company’s tranche B term loan facility by 50 basis points for both LIBOR borrowings and base rate borrowings.
Our credit agreements contain various financial covenants requiring us to maintain certain financial ratios. In addition to the financial covenants, the credit agreements contain various customary restrictive covenants including restrictions in certain situations on the payment of dividends. We were in compliance with all material covenants and restrictions at March 31, 2018. WEX Bank is not subject to certain of these restrictions.
As of March 31, 2018, we had $1.0 million of borrowings against our $570.0 million revolving credit facility. The combined outstanding debt under our tranche A term loan facility and our tranche B term loan facility totaled $1.7 billion at March 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2018, amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement bore a weighted average effective interest rate of 4.1 percent.
See Part I – Item 1 — Note 13, Financing Debt, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 for further information regarding the 2016 Credit Agreement.
WEX Latin America Debt
WEX Latin America had debt of approximately $9.4 million and $9.7 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. This is composed of credit facilities held in Brazil and loan arrangements related to our accounts receivable. The average interest rate was 16.2 percent and 21.2 percent as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These borrowings are recorded in short-term debt, net on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented.
Participation Debt
WEX Bank maintains agreements with third-party banks to fund customer balances that exceed WEX Bank’s lending limit to an individual customer, with a $185.0 million funding capacity. Associated unsecured borrowings carry a variable interest rate of 1 month to 3 month LIBOR plus a margin of 225 basis points. The balance of the debt was approximately $166.4 million and $185.0 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 respectively. The balance will fluctuate on a daily basis based on customer funding needs. The commitment will mature in amounts of $85.0 million and $50.0 million on May 30, 2018 and December 31, 2021, respectively, with the remaining $31.4 million maturing on demand.
WEX Europe Services Accounts Receivable Factoring
WEX Europe Services uses a substantially non-recourse factoring arrangement to sell receivables to a third-party financial institution to manage its working capital and cash flows. Available capacity is dependent on the level of our trade accounts receivable eligible to be sold and the financial institutions’ willingness to purchase such receivables. As such, these factoring arrangements can be reduced or eliminated at any time due to market conditions and changes in the credit worthiness of our customers, which would negatively impact our liquidity. See Part I – Item 1 – Note 10, Off–Balance Sheet Arrangement, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of this Form 10–Q for further information.
Other Liquidity Matters
At March 31, 2018, we had variable-rate borrowings of $1.7 billion under our 2016 Credit Agreement. We periodically review our projected borrowings under our 2016 Credit Agreement and the current interest rate environment in order to ascertain

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whether interest rate swaps should be used to reduce our exposure to interest rate volatility. We maintain five interest rate swap contracts that mature between December 2018 and December 2022. Collectively, these derivative contracts are intended to fix the future interest payments associated with $1.3 billion of our variable rate borrowings at between 0.896% and 2.212%. See Part I – Item 1 – Note 7, Derivative Instruments, and Note 11, Fair Value, for further information.
We currently have authorization from our board of directors to purchase up to $150 million of our common stock until September 2021, which is entirely unused as of March 31, 2018. The program is funded either through our future cash flows or through borrowings on our 2016 Credit Agreement. Share repurchases are made on the open market and may be commenced or suspended at any time. The Company’s management, based on its evaluation of market and economic conditions and other factors, determines the timing and number of shares repurchased.
The Company’s subsidiary, WEX Bank, is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, WEX Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of WEX Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items. WEX Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in the initiation of certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could limit our business activities and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.    
As of March 31, 2018, WEX Bank met all the requirements to be deemed “well-capitalized” pursuant to FDIC regulation and for purposes of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. See Part I – Item 1 – Note 17, Supplementary Regulatory Capital Disclosure, for further information.
The Company has not declared any dividends on its common stock since it commenced trading on the NYSE on February 16, 2005. The timing and amount of future dividends, if any, will be (i) dependent upon the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and other relevant factors, (ii) subject to the discretion of the board of directors of the Company and (iii) payable only out of the Company’s surplus or current net profits in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
The Company has certain restrictions on the dividends it may pay under its revolving credit agreement, including the requirement to maintain pro forma compliance with a ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA of less than 2.50:1.00 for the most recent period of four fiscal quarters.
Off–Balance Sheet Arrangements
Even though off-balance sheet arrangements are not recorded as liabilities under GAAP, such arrangements may potentially impact our liquidity, capital resources and results of operations. These arrangements serve a variety of business purposes, however the Company is not dependent on them to maintain its liquidity and capital resources. We are not aware of any circumstances that are reasonably likely to cause the off-balance sheet arrangements to have a material adverse effect on liquidity and capital resources. As of March 31, 2018, we had posted letters of credit totaling approximately $52.6 million as collateral under the terms of our lease agreement for our corporate offices, other corporate matters and for payment processing activity at certain foreign subsidiaries.
Contractual Obligations
On January 17, 2018, the Company repriced the secured term loans under the 2016 Credit Agreement, which reduced the applicable interest rate margin for the Company’s tranche B term loan facility by 50 basis points for both LIBOR borrowings and base rate borrowings. The Company also increased the outstanding amounts under these tranche B term loans from $1.182 billion to $1.335 billion. All other contractual obligations are consistent with those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We adopted the new revenue recognition standard using the modified retrospective approach. There were three primary impacts on the Company of adopting Topic 606.

Certain amounts paid to partners in our Fleet Solutions and Travel and Corporate Solutions segments have been determined to fall under the “cost to obtain a contract” guidance. As a result, these amounts, which were previously presented as a reduction of revenues, are now reflected within sales and marketing on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. This change increased both reported revenues and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 by approximately $14.9 million.

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Network fees paid by all three of our segments, but primarily by our Travel and Corporate Solutions segment, are now presented as a reduction of revenues in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. Prior to January 1, 2018, these amounts were included within service fees. This change reduced both reported revenues and expenses by approximately $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Certain costs to obtain a contract, such as sales commissions, are to be capitalized and amortized over the life of the customer relationship, with a practical expedient available for contracts under one year in duration. The vast majority of the Company’s commissions will continue to be expensed as incurred.

As of January 1, 2018, we recorded $0.6 million cumulative-effect adjustment, net of the associated tax effect, related to the deferral of capitalizable costs to obtain a contract within our Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segment. These commissions will be amortized to sales and marketing expense over a useful life which considers the contract term, our commission policy, renewal experience and the transfer of services to which the asset relates.
See Part I – Item 1 – Note 3, Revenue, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of this Form 10–Q for further information regarding the adoption of the new revenue standard.
Other than this adoption, there have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
See Part I – Item 1 – Note 2, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial Statements of this Form 10–Q.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We have no material changes to the market risk disclosures in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The principal executive officer and principal financial officer of WEX Inc. evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2018. “Disclosure controls and procedures” are controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on their evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of WEX Inc. concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2018.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2018, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
As of the date of this filing, we are not involved in any material legal proceedings. We also were not involved in any material legal proceedings that were terminated during the first quarter of 2018. However, from time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. As of the date of this filing, the current estimate of a reasonably possible loss contingency from all legal proceedings is not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.

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In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2017, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10–K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
On September 20, 2017, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the purchase of up to $150 million of our common stock expiring on September 2021. Share repurchases are to be made on the open market and can be commenced or suspended at any time.
We did not purchase any shares of our common stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2018. The approximate dollar value of shares that were available to be purchased under our share repurchase program was $150 million as of March 31, 2018.

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 Item 6. Exhibits.

 
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
3.1
 
 
3.2
 
 
3.3
 
 
10.1
 
*
31.1
 
*
31.2
 
*
32.1
 
*
32.2
 
*
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
*
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
*
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
*
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
*
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
*
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
*
These exhibits have been filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
WEX INC.
 
 
 
May 10, 2018
By:
 
/s/ Roberto Simon
 
 
 
Roberto Simon
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
(principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)

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