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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART IV
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC. AND PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K


ý

 

Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2008
or
o   Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from                             to                            

Commission file number 001-33761

PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware
(State or other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
  20-8999751
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

120 West 45th Street
New York, New York 10036
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (212) 355-1600



Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class   Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $.01 per share   New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o    No ý

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer o   Accelerated Filer ý   Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes o    No ý

The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2008, the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $78,135,783 based on the closing sale price of $12.76 per share of Class A common stock of the registrant on such date on the New York Stock Exchange. For purposes of this calculation only, it is assumed that the affiliates of the registrant include only directors and executive officers of the registrant.

As of March 3, 2009, there were 8,633,041 outstanding shares of the registrant's Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

As of March 3, 2009, there were 55,559,751 outstanding shares of the registrant's Class B common stock, par value $0.000001 per share.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
   
  Page  

 

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements

    ii  

 

PART I

       

Item 1.

 

Business

   
1
 

Item 1A.

 

Risk Factors

   
14
 

Item 1B.

 

Unresolved Staff Comments

   
32
 

Item 2.

 

Properties

   
32
 

Item 3.

 

Legal Proceedings

   
32
 

Item 4.

 

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   
32
 

 

PART II

       

Item 5.

 

Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   
33
 

Item 6.

 

Selected Financial Data

   
37
 

Item 7.

 

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   
39
 

Item 7A.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

   
59
 

Item 8.

 

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   
59
 

Item 9.

 

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   
59
 

Item 9A

 

Controls and Procedures

   
60
 

Item 9B.

 

Other Information

   
60
 

 

PART III

       

Item 10.

 

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

   
61
 

Item 11.

 

Executive Compensation

   
66
 

Item 12.

 

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   
75
 

Item 13.

 

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

   
83
 

Item 14.

 

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   
93
 

 

PART IV

       

Item 15.

 

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

   
94
 

SIGNATURES

   
98
 

i


CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

        This Annual Report on Form 10-K, or Annual Report, contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations, or forecasts, of future events. Forward-looking statements include statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, intentions, assumptions and other statements that are not historical facts. Words or phrases such as "anticipate," "believe," "continue," "ongoing," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project" or similar words or phrases, or the negatives of those words or phrases, may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not necessarily mean that a statement is not forward-looking.

        Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are based on potentially inaccurate assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected or implied by the forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the factors described in Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in Part I of this Annual Report. Accordingly, you should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events after the date of this Annual Report, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, after the date of this Annual Report.

        Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

        The reports that we file with the SEC, accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov, identify additional factors that can affect forward-looking statements.

ii


Preliminary Notes

        In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, "we," "our," and "us" refers to Pzena Investment Management, Inc. (also referred to as the "Company") and its consolidated subsidiaries, except that, prior to the consummation of our initial public offering and the reorganization on October 30, 2007, these terms refer to Pzena Investment Management, LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries.

        Each Russell Index referred to in this Annual Report is a registered trademark or trade name of The Frank Russell Company®. The Frank Russell Company® is the owner of all copyrights relating to these indices and is the source of the performance statistics of these indices that are referred to herein.

        The Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE® Index, which we refer to as the MSCI EAFE® Index, is a trademark of Morgan Stanley Capital International, a division of Morgan Stanley. The Morgan Stanley Capital International WorldSM Index, which we refer to as the MSCI WorldSM Index, is a service mark of Morgan Stanley Capital International. Morgan Stanley Capital International is the owner of all copyrights relating to these indices and is the source of the performance statistics of these indices that are referred to in this Annual Report.

        The S&P 500® Index is a registered trademark of Standard & Poor's, a division of The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc., which is the owner of all copyrights relating to this index and the source of the performance statistics of this index that are referred to herein.


PART I.

ITEM 1—BUSINESS

Reorganization

        On May 8, 2007, we were incorporated in Delaware. Prior to the consummation of our initial public offering on October 30, 2007, our business was conducted through Pzena Investment Management, LLC, which we refer to as our operating company. Immediately prior to the consummation of our initial public offering, the members of our operating company consisted of 23 of our employees, two outside investors (one of whom currently serves on our board of directors) and one former employee. Concurrently with the consummation of our initial public offering, we acquired approximately 9.5% of the then outstanding membership units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC from its three non-employee members and these membership units were reclassified as "Class A units." Simultaneously, the remaining approximately 90.5% of the then outstanding membership units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC that were held by our 23 employees and two outside investors were reclassified as "Class B units."

        After we acquired the membership units from the three non-employee members of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, our only material asset became our ownership of approximately 9.5% of the then total membership units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC and our only business became acting as its sole managing member.

        Class A units and Class B units of our operating company have the same economic rights per unit. Our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock have different voting and economic rights. Our Class B common stock has the super-voting rights described below, but the holders thereof do not have the right to share in dividends and are only entitled to receive the par value of their shares in the event of liquidation.

        Immediately after the consummation of the reorganization and our initial public offering, the holders of our Class A common stock and the holders of Class B units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC held approximately 9.5% and 90.5%, respectively, of the then economic interests in our business.

1


        For each membership unit of Pzena Investment Management, LLC that was reclassified as a Class B unit in the reorganization, we issued the holder one share of our Class B common stock in exchange for the payment of its par value. Each share of our Class B common stock entitles its holder to five votes, until the first time that the number of shares of Class B common stock outstanding constitutes less than 20% of the number of all shares of our common stock outstanding. From this time and thereafter, each share of our Class B common stock will entitle its holder to one vote. As of December 31, 2008, the holders of Class B common stock had 97.9% of the combined voting power of our common stock. When a Class B unit is exchanged for a share of our Class A common stock or forfeited, a corresponding share of our Class B common stock is automatically redeemed and cancelled by us. Conversely, to the extent that we cause Pzena Investment Management, LLC to issue additional Class B units to our employees pursuant to the Pzena Investment Management, LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, these additional holders of Class B units are entitled to receive a corresponding number of shares of our Class B common stock (including if the Class B units awarded are subject to vesting) and, therefore, the voting power of our Class B stockholders would increase.

        Concurrently with the consummation of the reorganization and our initial public offering, all holders of our Class B common stock entered into a stockholders' agreement, pursuant to which they agreed to vote all shares of Class B common stock then held by them, and acquired in the future, together on all matters submitted to a vote of our common stockholders. Therefore, Class B stockholders are able to exercise control over all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders, including the election of our directors and the approval of significant corporate transactions.

        The graphic below illustrates our holding company structure and ownership as of December 31, 2008.

GRAPHIC


(1)
As of December 31, 2008, the members of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, other than us, consisted of:

Richard S. Pzena, John P. Goetz, A. Rama Krishna and William L. Lipsey, the four members of Pzena Investment Management, LLC's executive committee, or Executive Committee, and their respective estate planning vehicles, who collectively held approximately 65.0% of the economic interests in us.

2


(2)
Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Class A common stockholders have 100% of the rights of all classes of our capital stock to receive distributions, except that Class B common stockholders have the right to receive the par value of the Class B common stock upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

(3)
Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to five votes per share for so long as the number of shares of Class B common stock outstanding represents at least 20% of all shares of common stock outstanding. Class B common stockholders have the right to receive the par value of the Class B common stock upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, but do not share in dividends.

(4)
As of December 31, 2008, we held 6,187,068 Class A units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, which represented the right to receive 9.6% of the distributions made by Pzena Investment Management, LLC.

(5)
As of December 31, 2008, the Principals collectively held 57,975,724 Class B units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, which represented the right to receive 90.4% of the distributions made by Pzena Investment Management, LLC.

Overview

        Pzena Investment Management, Inc. is the sole managing member of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, which is our operating company. Founded in late 1995, Pzena Investment Management, LLC is a value-oriented investment management firm. We believe that we have established a positive, team-oriented culture that enables us to attract and retain very qualified people. Over the past thirteen years, we have built a diverse, global client base of respected and sophisticated institutional investors, high net worth individuals and select third-party distributed mutual funds for which we act as sub-investment adviser.

        We utilize a classic value approach to investing and seek to make investments in good businesses at low prices. Our approach and process have helped us achieve attractive returns over the long term. As of December 31, 2008, we managed assets in twelve value-oriented investment strategies across a wide range of market capitalizations in both U.S. and international capital markets. Our assets under management, or AUM, were $10.7 billion at December 31, 2008 and we managed money on behalf of institutions and high net worth individuals and acted as sub-investment adviser to eleven SEC-registered mutual funds and ten offshore funds.

        Our investment discipline and our commitment to a classic value approach have been important elements of our success. We construct concentrated portfolios selected through a rigorous fundamental research process similar to the approach of a private equity investor. Our investment decisions are not motivated by short-term results or aimed at closely tracking specific market benchmarks. Generating excess returns by utilizing a classic value investment approach requires:

        As of December 31, 2008, we had 68 employees, including 26 employee members who collectively owned 76.6% of the ownership interests in our operating company. Our operating company is led by its four-person Executive Committee, consisting of Richard S. Pzena, John P. Goetz, A. Rama Krishna and William L. Lipsey.

3


Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that the following are our competitive strengths:

4


Our Business Strategy

        The key to our success is continued long-term investment performance. In conjunction with this, we believe the following strategies will enable us to grow our business over time.

Our Investment Team

        We believe we have built an investment team that is well-suited to implementing our classic value investment strategy. The members of our investment team have a diverse set of backgrounds including former corporate management, private equity, management consulting, legal, accounting and Wall Street professionals. Their diverse business backgrounds are instrumental in enabling us to make investments in companies where we would be comfortable owning the entire business for a three- to five-year period. We look beyond temporary earnings shortfalls that result in stock price declines, which may lead others to forego investment opportunities, if we believe the long-term fundamentals of a company remain attractive.

5


        As of December 31, 2008, we had a 20-member investment team. Each member serves as a research analyst, and certain members of the team also have portfolio management responsibilities. There are three portfolio managers for each investment strategy. These three managers have joint decision-making responsibility, and each has "veto authority" over all decisions regarding the relevant portfolio. For each of our current investment strategies, these three senior members are identified under "—Our Investment Strategies." Research analysts have sector and company-level research responsibilities which span all of our investment strategies, including those with an international focus. In order to facilitate the professional development of our team, and to keep a fresh perspective on our portfolio companies, our research analysts rotate industry coverage every three years.

        We follow a collaborative, consensus-oriented approach to making investment decisions, such that all members of our investment team, irrespective of their seniority, can play a significant role in this decision making process. We hold weekly research review meetings attended by all portfolio managers and relevant research analysts, and are open to other members of our firm, at which we openly discuss and debate our findings regarding the normalized earnings power of potential portfolio companies. In addition, we hold daily morning meetings, attended by our portfolio managers, research analysts and portfolio administration and client service personnel, in order to review developments in our holdings and set a trading strategy for the day. These meetings are critical for sharing relevant developments and analysis of the companies in our portfolios. We believe that our collaborative culture is attractive to our investment professionals, as evidenced by the fact that we have had minimal turnover in our investment staff.

Our Investment Strategies

        As of December 31, 2008, our approximately $10.7 billion in AUM were invested in twelve value-oriented investment strategies, representing distinct capitalization segments of U.S. and international markets. The following table describes the largest of our current investment strategies, and the allocation of our approximately $10.7 billion in AUM among them, as of December 31, 2008.

Strategy
  Portfolio Managers(1)   AUM  
 
   
  (in billions)
 

Large Cap Value

    DeSpirito, Goetz and Pzena   $ 5.6  

Value Service

    Cai, Goetz and Pzena     1.8  

Global Value

    Krishna, Goetz and Peterson     1.9  

Small Cap Value

    Silver, Goetz and Pzena     0.6  

International Value

    Krishna, Goetz and Peterson     0.2  

Mid Cap Value

    Tandon, Goetz and Pzena     0.2  

All Cap Value

    Kohn, Goetz and Pzena     0.1  

Other Strategies

    N/A     0.3  
             
 

Total

        $ 10.7  
             

(1)
The first portfolio manager listed has day-to-day responsibility for implementing the investment strategy.

        We understand that our ability to retain and grow assets as a firm has been, and will be, driven primarily by delivering attractive investment results to our clients. As a consequence, we have prioritized, and will continue to prioritize, investment performance over asset accumulation. Where we deemed it necessary, we have, at times, closed certain products to new investors in order to preserve capacity to effectively implement our concentrated investment strategies for the benefit of existing clients. Currently, all of our investment strategies are open to new investors.

6


        Our seven largest investment strategies as of December 31, 2008 are further described below. We follow the same investment process for each of these strategies. Our investment strategies are distinguished by the market capitalization ranges from which we select securities for their portfolios, which we refer to as each strategy's investment universe, as well as the regions in which we invest. While our investment process includes ongoing review of companies in the investment universes described below, our actual investments may include companies outside of the relevant market capitalization range at the time of our investment. In addition, the number of holdings typically found in the portfolios of each of our investment strategies may vary as described below.

        Large Cap Value.    We screen a universe of the 500 largest U.S.-listed companies, based on market capitalization, to build a portfolio of 30 to 40 stocks. We launched this strategy in October 2000.

        Value Service.    We screen a universe of the 1,000 largest U.S.-listed companies, based on market capitalization, to build a portfolio of 30 to 40 stocks. We launched this strategy in January 1996.

        Global Value.    We screen a universe of the 1,500 largest non U.S.-listed companies, based on market capitalization, and the 500 largest U.S.-listed companies, based on market capitalization, to build a portfolio of 40 to 60 stocks. We launched this strategy in January 2004.

        Small Cap Value.    We screen a universe of U.S.-listed companies ranked from the 1,001th to 3,000th largest, based on market capitalization, to build a portfolio of 40 to 50 stocks. We launched this strategy in January 1996.

        International Value.    We screen a universe of the 1,500 largest non U.S.-listed companies, based on market capitalization, to build a portfolio of 30 to 50 stocks. We launched this strategy in January 2004.

        Mid Cap Value.    We screen a universe of U.S.-listed companies ranked from the 201st to 1,200th largest, based on market capitalization, to build a portfolio of 30 to 40 stocks. We launched this strategy in September 1998.

        All Cap Value.    We screen a universe of the 3,000 largest U.S.-listed companies, based on market capitalization, to build a portfolio of approximately 25 stocks. We launched this strategy in May 2001.

        Other Strategies.    Our five other investment strategies are: Financial Opportunities Service, Diversified Value, Mega Cap Value, European Value, and International Diversified Value.

Our Product Development Approach

        Historically, a major component of our growth has been the development of new products. Prior to seeding a new product, we perform in-depth research on the potential market for the product, as well as its overall compatibility with our investment expertise. This process involves analysis by our client team, as well as by our investment professionals. We will only launch a new product if we believe that it can add value to a client's investment portfolio. If appropriate, we create partnerships with third parties to enhance the distribution of a product or add expertise that we do not have in-house. Prior to marketing a new product, we generally incubate the product for a period of one to five years. Products are incubated using primarily our own capital, typically along with an outside investor, so that we can test and refine our investment strategy and process before actively marketing the product to our clients.

        Furthermore, we continually seek to identify opportunities to extend our investment process into new markets or to apply it in different ways to offer clients additional strategies. This led to the introduction of our Global Value and International Value strategies in 2004 and, more recently, to the introduction of our Mega Cap Value, Diversified Value, Financial Opportunities Service, European Value, and International Diversified Value strategies. We are currently incubating several products, which we believe may be attractive to our clients in the future.

7


Our Investment Performance

        Since we are long-term fundamental investors, we believe that our investment strategies yield the most benefits, and are best evaluated, over a long-term timeframe.

        The following table indicates the annualized returns, gross and net (which represents annualized returns prior to and after payment of advisory fees, respectively), of our seven largest investment strategies from their inception to December 31, 2008, and in the five-year, three-year, and one-year periods ended December 31, 2008, relative to the performance of: (i) the market index which is most commonly used by our clients to compare the performance of the relevant investment strategy, and (ii) the S&P 500® Index, which is provided for the limited purpose of providing a comparison to the broader equity market.

 
  Period Ended December 31, 2008(1)  
Investment Strategy (Inception Date)
  Since
Inception
  5 Years   3 Years   1 Year  

Large Cap Value (October 2000)

                         

Annualized Gross Returns

    (0.1)%     (5.7)%     (16.8)%     (44.1)%  

Annualized Net Returns

    (0.6)%     (6.2)%     (17.2)%     (44.4)%  

Russell 1000® Value Index

    0.4%     (0.8)%     (8.3)%     (36.9)%  

S&P 500® Index

    (3.8)%     (2.2)%     (8.4)%     (37.0)%  

Value Service (January 1996)

                         

Annualized Gross Returns

    7.8%     (5.3)%     (16.4)%     (43.7)%  

Annualized Net Returns

    7.0%     (6.0)%     (17.0)%     (44.2)%  

Russell 1000® Value Index

    6.2%     (0.8)%     (8.3)%     (36.9)%  

S&P 500® Index

    4.8%     (2.2)%     (8.4)%     (37.0)%  

Global Value (January 2004)

                         

Annualized Gross Returns

    (4.8)%     (4.8)%     (17.8)%     (48.7)%  

Annualized Net Returns

    (5.5)%     (5.5)%     (18.4)%     (49.1)%  

MSCI World(SM) Index—Net/US$(2)

    (0.5)%     (0.5)%     (8.1)%     (40.7)%  

S&P 500® Index

    (2.2)%     (2.2)%     (8.4)%     (37.0)%  

Small Cap Value (January 1996)

                         

Annualized Gross Returns

    11.1%     (0.3)%     (9.3)%     (30.2)%  

Annualized Net Returns

    9.8%     (1.3)%     (10.2)%     (31.0)%  

Russell 2000® Value Index

    8.0%     0.3%     (7.5)%     (28.9)%  

S&P 500® Index

    4.8%     (2.2)%     (8.4)%     (37.0)%  

International Value (January 2004)

                         

Annualized Gross Returns

    (2.3)%     (2.3)%     (14.9)%     (46.2)%  

Annualized Net Returns

    (3.1)%     (3.1)%     (15.6)%     (46.8)%  

MSCI EAFE® Index—Net/US$(2)

    1.7%     1.7%     (7.4)%     (43.4)%  

S&P 500® Index

    (2.2)%     (2.2)%     (8.4)%     (37.0)%  

Mid Cap Value (September 1998)

                         

Annualized Gross Returns

    8.2%     (2.9)%     (13.2)%     (39.0)%  

Annualized Net Returns

    7.5%     (3.6)%     (13.9)%     (39.5)%  

Russell Mid Cap® Value Index

    6.2%     0.3%     (10.0)%     (38.4)%  

S&P 500® Index

    1.1%     (2.2)%     (8.4)%     (37.0)%  

All Cap Value (May 2001)

                         

Annualized Gross Returns

    2.7%     (5.0)%     (17.4)%     (44.5)%  

Annualized Net Returns

    1.6%     (6.0)%     (18.3)%     (45.1)%  

Russell 3000® Value Index

    0.5%     (0.7)%     (8.3)%     (36.3)%  

S&P 500® Index

    (2.4)%     (2.2)%     (8.4)%     (37.0)%  

(1)
The historical returns of these investment strategies are not necessarily indicative of their future performance or the performance of any of our other current or future investment strategies.

(2)
Net of applicable withholding taxes.

8


Advisory Fees

        We earn advisory fees on the separate accounts that we manage and under our sub-investment advisory agreements for mutual funds and other investment funds.

        On our separately-managed accounts, we are paid fees according to a schedule which varies by investment strategy. The substantial majority of these accounts pay us management fees pursuant to a schedule in which the rate we earn on the AUM declines as the amount of AUM increases, subject to a minimum fee to manage the account. Certain of these clients pay us fees according to the performance of their accounts relative to certain agreed-upon benchmarks, which results in a slightly lower base fee, but allows for us to earn higher fees if the relevant investment strategy out-performs the agreed-upon benchmark.

        As of December 31, 2008, we sub-advised eleven SEC-registered mutual funds pursuant to sub-investment advisory agreements which generally have initial two-year terms, subject to the applicable requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, which we refer to as the Investment Company Act, and are renewable only if approved annually by the funds' board of directors after the initial term. In addition, we sub-advise ten offshore funds. Pursuant to these agreements, we are generally paid a management fee according to a schedule, in which the rate we earn on the AUM declines as the amount of AUM increases. Certain of these funds pay us fixed rate management fees. Due to the substantially larger account size of certain of these accounts, the average advisory fees we earn on them, as a percentage of assets under management, are lower than the advisory fees we earn on our separately-managed accounts.

        The majority of the advisory fees we earn on separately-managed accounts are based on the value of AUM at a specific date on a quarterly basis, either in arrears or in advance. Advisory fees on certain of our separately-managed accounts, and with respect to most of the mutual funds that we sub-advise, are calculated based on the average of the monthly or daily market value of the account. Advisory fees are also adjusted for any cash flows into or out of a portfolio, where the cash flow represents greater than 10% of the value of the portfolio. While a specific group of accounts may use the same fee rate, the method used to calculate the fee according to the fee rate schedule may differ, as described above.

Our Client Relationships and Distribution Approach

        We manage separate accounts on behalf of institutions and high net worth individuals and, as of December 31, 2008, acted as sub-investment adviser for eleven SEC-registered mutual funds and ten offshore funds. We believe that strong relationships with our clients are critical to our ability to succeed and to grow our AUM. In building these relationships, we have focused our efforts where we can efficiently access and service large pools of sophisticated clients with our team of dedicated marketing and client service professionals. We distribute our products to institutions and individuals primarily through the efforts of our internal sales team, who calls on them directly and on the consultants who serve them, as well as through the marketing programs of our sub-investment advisory partners. Since our objective is to attract long-term investors with an investment horizon in excess of three years, our sales and client service efforts focus on educating our investors regarding our disciplined value investment process and philosophy.

        Our marketing effort is led by our four person sales team, which is responsible for:

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Direct Institutional Relationships

        Since our inception, we have directly offered institutional investment products to public and corporate pension funds, endowments, foundations and Taft-Hartley plans. Wherever possible, we have sought to develop direct relationships with the largest U.S. institutional investors, a universe we define to include approximately 1,000 plan sponsors with greater than $300 million in plan assets. Over the past two years, we have focused on expanding this direct calling effort to selected potential institutional clients outside of the United States.

Investment Consultants

        We estimate that approximately 70% of all retirement plan assets are advised by investment consultants, with a relatively small number of these consultants representing a significant majority of these relationships. We have targeted our efforts on the 75 largest consulting firms focused primarily on plan sponsors. As a result of a consistent servicing effort over our history, we have built strong relationships with those consulting firms that we believe are the most important consulting firms and believe that most of them rate our open investment strategies favorably. New accounts sourced through consultant-led searches have been a large driver of our growth and are expected to be a major component of our future growth. We seek to develop direct relationships with accounts sourced through consultant-led searches by our ongoing marketing and client service efforts, as described below.

Sub-Investment Advisory Distribution

        In August 2002, we partnered with John Hancock Advisers to rebrand a mutual fund we had been managing as the John Hancock Classic Value Fund. John Hancock Advisers became the investment adviser to this fund and we became its sub-investment adviser. Our relationship with John Hancock Advisers has since expanded to include three additional mutual funds. John Hancock Advisers is responsible for the marketing and client service for these funds, driven by its wholesalers in the field and other internal support and key account managers. Capitalizing on our relationship with John Hancock Advisers allows us to access and maintain relationships with a wider segment of the investing community than we can access on our own, while maintaining our lean and efficient distribution system.

        We currently sub-advise four mutual funds that are advised by John Hancock Advisers. As of December 31, 2008, these four mutual funds represented $2.4 billion, or 22.4% of our AUM. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, approximately 13.9%, 20.4% and 20.3%, respectively, of our total revenue was generated from our sub-investment advisory agreements for these four mutual funds. Our sub-investment advisory agreement with the John Hancock Classic Value Fund represented all, or substantially all, of this revenue during these periods. John Hancock Advisers has notified us that during 2009 it will be liquidating or reorganizing a number of mutual funds that it deems to have an insufficient level of assets. As part of this initiative, the John Hancock Classic Value Fund II will be reorganized into another John Hancock mutual fund not sub-advised by us, and the John Hancock International Classic Value Fund will be liquidated. The aggregate AUM in these two funds as of December 31, 2008 was $46.4 million and represented 0.4% of our AUM. The revenue generated from our sub-advisory agreements with these two funds for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.1% of our total revenues for those years. These actions by John Hancock will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. We have selectively established relationships with other mutual fund and fund providers in the United States, who offer us opportunities to efficiently access new market segments through sub-investment advisory roles. We have also established relationships with fund providers outside the United States, such as BNP Paribas Asset Management, for which we sub-advise the Parvest U.S. Value Fund.

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High Net Worth Advisory Firms

        We have accessed the high net worth segment of the investing community through relationships with wealth advisers who utilize our investment strategies in investment programs they construct for their clients. Similar to our approach with consultants, we have targeted select firms around the world serving the family office and ultra high net worth market. We believe this approach leads to an efficient client servicing model and strong relationships with wealth advisers, who ultimately view us as partners in their investment programs. Occasionally, we establish direct separate account relationships with high net worth individuals.

Client Service

        Our client team's efforts are instrumental to maintaining our direct relationships with institutional and individual separate account clients and developing direct relationships with separate accounts sourced through consultant-led searches. We have a dedicated client service team, which is primarily responsible for addressing all ongoing client needs, including periodic updates and reporting requirements. Our sales team assists in providing ongoing client service to existing institutional accounts. Our institutional distribution, sales and client service efforts are also supported, as necessary, by members of our investment team.

        Our client service team consists of individuals with both general business backgrounds and investment research experience. Our client team members are fully integrated into our research team, attending both research meetings and company management meetings to ensure our clients receive primary information. As appropriate, we introduce members of our research and portfolio management team into client portfolio reviews to ensure that our clients are exposed to the full breadth of our investment resources. We also provide quarterly reports to our clients in order to share our investment perspectives with them. We additionally meet and hold conference calls regularly with clients to share perspectives on the portfolio and the current investment environment.

Competition

        We compete in all aspects of our business with a large number of investment management firms, commercial banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies and other financial institutions.

        In order to grow our business, we must be able to compete effectively to maintain existing AUM and attract additional AUM. Historically, we have competed for AUM principally on the basis of:

        Our ability to continue to compete effectively will also depend upon our ability to attract highly qualified investment professionals and retain our existing employees. For additional information concerning the competitive risks that we face, see "Item 1A—Risks Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—The investment management business is intensely competitive."

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Employees

        At December 31, 2008, we had 68 full-time employees. This consists of 23 research department personnel; 3 traders; 12 client service and marketing personnel; 15 employees in operations; 14 legal, compliance and finance personnel and 1 other employee.

Available Information

        We maintain an Internet website at www.pzena.com. The contents of our website are not part of, nor are they incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        We make available free of charge through our website our annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K, as well as amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with the Securities Exchange Commission. To retrieve these reports and any amendments thereto, visit the Investor Relations section of our website.

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT AND COMPLIANCE

        Our business is subject to extensive regulation in the United States at both the federal and state level, as well as by self-regulatory organizations. Under these laws and regulations, agencies that regulate investment advisers have broad administrative powers, including the power to limit, restrict or prohibit an investment adviser from carrying on its business in the event that it fails to comply with such laws and regulations. Possible sanctions that may be imposed include the suspension of individual employees, limitations on engaging in certain lines of business for specified periods of time, revocation of investment adviser and other registrations, censures and fines.

SEC Regulation

        Our operating company, Pzena Investment Management, LLC, is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. As a registered investment adviser, it is subject to the requirements of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, which we refer to as the Investment Advisers Act, and the SEC's regulations thereunder, as well as to examination by the SEC's staff. The Investment Advisers Act imposes substantive regulation on virtually all aspects of our business and our relationships with our clients. Applicable requirements relate to, among other things, fiduciary duties to clients, engaging in transactions with clients, maintaining an effective compliance program, performance fees, solicitation arrangements, conflicts of interest, advertising, recordkeeping, reporting and disclosure requirements. Eleven of the funds for which Pzena Investment Management, LLC acts as the sub-investment adviser are registered with the SEC under the Investment Company Act. The Investment Company Act imposes additional obligations, including detailed operational requirements for both the funds and their advisers. Moreover, an investment adviser's contract with a registered fund may be terminated by the fund on not more than 60 days' notice, and is subject to annual renewal by the fund's board after an initial two-year term. Both the Investment Advisers Act and the Investment Company Act regulate the "assignment" of advisory contracts by the investment adviser. The SEC is authorized to institute proceedings and impose sanctions for violations of the Investment Advisers Act and the Investment Company Act, ranging from fines and censures to termination of an investment adviser's registration. The failure of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, or the registered funds for which Pzena Investment Management, LLC acts as sub-investment adviser, to comply with the requirements of the SEC could have a material adverse effect on us.

ERISA-Related Regulation

        To the extent that Pzena Investment Management, LLC is a "fiduciary" under the Employment Retirement Act of 1974, or ERISA, with respect to benefit plan clients, it is subject to ERISA, and to

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regulations promulgated thereunder. ERISA and applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code impose certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries under ERISA, prohibit certain transactions involving ERISA plan clients and provide monetary penalties for violations of these prohibitions. Our failure to comply with these requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Foreign Regulation

        Pzena Investment Management, LLC is registered as a limited market dealer and international adviser (investment counsel and portfolio manager) in Ontario, Canada. As an international adviser, Pzena Investment Management, LLC is only permitted to provide advice in Ontario to certain institutional and high net worth individual clients. As a limited market dealer, Pzena Investment Management, LLC is permitted to act as a market intermediary for only certain types of trades.

        An international adviser must, upon the request of the Ontario Securities Commission, or OSC, produce all books, papers, documents, records and correspondence relating to its activities in Ontario, and inform the OSC if it becomes the subject of an investigation or disciplinary action by any financial services or securities regulatory authority or self-regulatory authority.

        Pzena Investment Management, LLC is registered as a foreign adviser in British Columbia, Canada. As a foreign adviser, Pzena Investment Management, LLC is only permitted to provide advice in British Columbia to certain "accredited investors", as that term is defined in applicable regulations in British Columbia.

        As a foreign adviser, Pzena Investment Management, LLC must provide the Executive Director of the British Columbia Securities Commission, or the BCSC, with copies of any sales or financial compliance audits that it receives from the SEC within 30 days of receipt of such audit and must provide the Executive Director with copies of any Regulatory Action Disclosure Reporting Pages that it files with the SEC. Pzena Investment Management, LLC must also immediately inform the Executive Director if it becomes the subject of an investigation or disciplinary action by any financial services or securities regulatory authority or self-regulatory authority, or if it ceases to meet the minimum working capital requirement and bonding requirement.

        Pzena Investment Management, LLC is currently registered under the Securities Act (Alberta) as a portfolio manager and investment counsel (foreign) in Alberta, Canada. In this capacity, Pzena Investment Management, LLC is only permitted to provide advice in Alberta to certain institutional and high net worth individual clients.

        A portfolio manager and investment counsel (foreign) must, upon the request of the Alberta Securities Commission, or ASC, provide ASC with access to all books and records; it must inform the Executive Director of ASC if Pzena Investment Management, LCC becomes the subject of an investigation or disciplinary action by any other regulatory authority; and Pzena Investment Management, LLC must file with the Executive Director such reports about its activities in Alberta as the Executive Director may from time to time require.

Compliance

        Our firm maintains a Legal and Compliance Department with four full-time lawyers, including our General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer. Other members of the firm also devote significant time to compliance matters. For example, our four managing principals and our Chief Administrative Officer each perform compliance-related tasks and each is supported by employees who report directly to them and provide compliance-related information to our General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer.

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ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS.

        We face a variety of significant and diverse risks, many of which are inherent in our business. Described below are certain risks that we currently believe could materially affect us. Other risks and uncertainties that we do not presently consider to be material, or of which we are not presently aware, may become important factors that affect us in the future. The occurrence of any of the risks discussed below, or such other risks, could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

Risks Related to Our Business

We depend on Richard S. Pzena, John P. Goetz, A. Rama Krishna and William L. Lipsey and the loss of the services of any of them could have a material adverse effect on us.

        The success of our business depends on the participation of Richard S. Pzena, John P. Goetz, A. Rama Krishna and William L. Lipsey, whom we collectively refer to as our managing principals, and who also act as our operating company's Executive Committee. Their professional reputations, expertise in investing and relationships with our clients and within the investing community in the U.S. and abroad, are critical elements to executing our business strategy and attracting and retaining clients. Accordingly, the retention of our managing principals is crucial to our future success. There is no guarantee that they will not resign, join our competitors or form a competing company. The terms of the current operating agreement of our operating company restrict each of Messrs. Pzena, Goetz and Lipsey from competing with us or soliciting our clients or other employees during the term of their employment with us and for three years thereafter. Under the terms of his employment agreement, Mr. Krishna has agreed not to compete with us for a period of 18 months following (i) his notice of resignation, which must be given six months prior to the termination of his employment with us pursuant to his agreement, or (ii) the date of any other termination of his employment with us. The penalty for their breach of these restrictive covenants will be the forfeiture of a number of Class B units held by the managing principal that is equal to 50% of the number of membership units collectively held by the managing principal and his permitted transferees as of the earlier of the date of his breach or the termination of his employment, unless our board of directors, in its sole discretion, determines otherwise. Although we may also seek specific performance of these restrictive covenants, there can be no assurance that we would be successful in obtaining this relief. Further, after this post-employment restrictive period, we will not be able to prohibit them from competing with us or soliciting our clients or employees. If any of our managing principals were to join a competitor or form a competing company, some of our current clients or other prominent members of the investing community could choose to invest with that competitor rather than us. Furthermore, we do not carry any "key man" insurance that would provide us with proceeds in the event of the death or disability of any of our managing principals. The loss of the services of any of our managing principals could have a material adverse effect on our business and could impact our future performance.

If our investment strategies perform poorly, we could lose clients or suffer a decline in AUM which would impair our revenues and earnings.

        The performance of our investment strategies is one of the most important factors in retaining clients and AUM and competing for new business. If our investment strategies perform poorly, it could impair our earnings because:

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        In 2006, 2007 and 2008, our investment strategies have underperformed their respective benchmarks, and there can be no assurance that such underperformance will not continue. The annualized gross returns (which represents annualized returns prior to payment of advisory fees) of our Large Cap Value strategy (which represented approximately 53.2% of our AUM as of December 31, 2008) for the 1-year, 3-year, 5-year and since inception (October 2000) periods ended December 31, 2008 were (44.1) %, (16.8) %, (5.7)%, and (0.1)%, respectively. This compares to the returns of the Russell 1000® Value Index, the market index most commonly used by our clients to compare the performance of our Large Cap Value strategy, during the same periods of (36.9) %, (8.3)%, (0.8)%, and 0.4%, respectively.

        During periods of declining AUM and revenues, such as we are currently experiencing, there can be no assurance that we will be able to reduce our expenses at a commensurate rate, potentially leading to accelerated profitability declines. Additionally, given the nature of our business, there is a minimum expense base necessary to retain our employees and maintain our operations, and it may be difficult to reduce expenses beyond certain levels.

Our sub-investment advisory relationships with mutual funds advised by John Hancock Advisers represent a significant source of our revenues, and the termination of these relationships would impair our revenues and earnings.

        We currently act as a sub-investment adviser to the John Hancock Classic Value Fund, the John Hancock Classic Value Fund II, the John Hancock International Classic Value Fund and the John Hancock Classic Value Mega Cap Fund, each of which are SEC-registered mutual funds advised by John Hancock Advisers. Our sub-investment advisory relationships with these four mutual funds represented, in the aggregate, 22.4% and 26.3% of our AUM at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, 13.9%, 20.4% and 20.3%, respectively, of our total revenue was generated from these relationships. Our sub-investment advisory agreement with the John Hancock Classic Value Fund represented all, or substantially all, of this revenue during these periods. There can be no assurance that our agreements with respect to these mutual funds will remain in place. In addition, these agreements would terminate automatically in the event that the investment management agreement between John Hancock Advisers and each individual fund is assigned or terminated. Such a termination of our sub-investment advisory agreements would significantly reduce our revenues and we may not be able to establish relationships with other mutual funds' investment advisers and/or significant institutional separate accounts in order to replace the lost revenues. John Hancock Advisers has notified us that during 2009 it will be liquidating or reorganizing a number of mutual funds that it deems to have an insufficient level of assets. As part of this initiative, the John Hancock Classic Value Fund II will be reorganized into another John Hancock mutual fund not sub-advised by us, and the John Hancock International Classic Value Fund will be liquidated. The aggregate AUM in these two funds as of December 31, 2008 was $46.4 million and represented 0.4% of our AUM. The revenue generated from our sub-advisory agreements with these two funds for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.1% of our total revenues for those years. These actions by John Hancock will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

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Because our clients can reduce the amount of assets we manage for them, or terminate our agreements with them, on short notice, we may experience unexpected declines in revenue and profitability.

        Our investment advisory and sub-investment advisory agreements are generally terminable upon short notice. Our sub-investment advisory agreements with eleven SEC-registered mutual funds, such as the four mutual funds advised by John Hancock Advisers, each have an initial two-year term and are subject to annual renewal by the fund's board of directors pursuant to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the Investment Company Act. Nine of these eleven sub-investment advisory agreements are beyond their initial two-year term, as of December 31, 2008, including the agreement for the John Hancock Classic Value Fund. Institutional and individual clients, and the funds with which we have sub-investment advisory agreements, can terminate their relationships with us, or reduce the aggregate amount of AUM, for a number of reasons, including investment performance, changes in prevailing interest rates, and financial market performance, or to shift their funds to competitors who may charge lower advisory fee rates, or for no stated reason. Poor performance relative to that of other investment management firms tends to result in decreased investments in our investment strategies, increased withdrawals from our investment strategies and the loss of institutional or individual accounts or sub-investment advisory relationships. In addition, the ability to terminate relationships may allow clients to renegotiate for lower fees paid for asset management services. If our investment advisory agreements are terminated, or our clients reduce the amount of AUM, either of which may occur on short notice, we may experience declines in revenue and profitability.

        We experienced declines in AUM during the past six quarters, and declines in revenue and profitability during the past five quarters, and there can be no assurance that there will not be continued declines in our AUM, revenue and profitability in the future. During the past six quarters, our AUM declined from $30.6 billion at June 30, 2007, to $10.7 billion at December 31, 2008. This decline was due to $15.6 billion in market depreciation and $4.3 billion in net outflows. There was a corresponding decline in revenue and profitability during this period. During the past six quarters, our AUM in separately-managed accounts declined from $16.5 billion at June 30, 2007, to $6.4 billion at December 31, 2008. This decline was due to $9.2 billion in market depreciation and net outflows of $0.9 billion. During the past six quarters, our AUM in sub-advised funds declined from $14.1 billion at June 30, 2007 to $4.3 billion at December 31 2008. This decline was due to $6.4 billion in market depreciation and net outflows of $3.4 billion. Our advisory agreement with the John Hancock Classic Value Fund represented the majority of our sub-advised assets during this period.

Difficult market conditions can adversely affect our business by reducing the market value of the assets we manage or causing our clients to withdraw funds.

        Our business would be expected to generate lower revenue in a declining stock market or general economic downturn. Under our advisory fee arrangements, the fees we receive typically are based on the market value of our AUM. Accordingly, a decline in the prices of securities held in our clients' portfolios would be expected to cause our revenue and profitability to decline by:

        As mentioned above, we experienced declines in AUM during the past six quarters, and declines in revenue and profitability during the past five quarters, and there can be no assurance that there will not be continued declines in our AUM, revenue and profitability in the future.

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The volatility and disruption of the capital and credit markets, and adverse changes in the global economy have negatively impacted our AUM, revenues and profitability.

        The capital and credit markets have been experiencing volatility and disruption for more than a year. The global financial crisis that began in 2007 worsened during the second half of 2008 and continued into 2009. The decline in global market conditions has resulted, and may continue to result, in decreases in our AUM and revenues. Such declines may adversely impact our operating results, financial condition, and liquidity. We believe the disruption in the financial markets continues to cause widespread investor uncertainty. We cannot predict how long the global financial crisis will last or what its impact will be on our financial results. If U.S. and international financial markets continue to experience negative performance and volatility, demand for our products and services may decline, and our revenue, profitability, liquidity, and other financial results could suffer.

U.S. and international credit markets and economic conditions could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition. The recent downturn in the credit markets has increased the cost of borrowing and has made financing difficult to obtain, each of which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and business.

        Global markets and economic conditions continue to be volatile, causing disruption, which has been particularly acute in the financial sector. Continued turbulence in the U.S. and international markets and economy may adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and profitability. The cost and availability of funds may be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets. Some lenders are imposing more stringent restrictions on the terms of credit, and there may be a general reduction in the amount of credit available in the markets in which we conduct business. The negative impact on the tightening of the credit markets may have a material adverse effect on us resulting from, but not limited to, an inability to obtain additional financing, if we require it in the future, or, if financing is available, it may be subject to significant restrictive covenants. The negative impact of the recent adverse changes in the credit markets may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and business. Federal and state governments have passed additional legislation responsive to current credit conditions, but the impact on us is uncertain.

Our periodic interest and amortization payment obligations under our financing facilities could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. Our current financing facilities restrict our ability to make cash distributions to our Class A stockholders.

        Pursuant to a credit agreement, dated as of July 23, 2007 and as amended as of October 28, 2008, among our operating company, as the borrower, certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, and Bank of America, N.A., as the administrative agent, the letter of credit issuer and a lender, a $22.0 million term loan outstanding and $1.8 million letter of credit are available. Pursuant to this credit agreement, our operating company must make quarterly amortization payments of $2.0 million on the term loan until its maturity on July 23, 2011, which may adversely affect our financial condition and liquidity. Our interest payment obligations under the credit agreement are floating rate obligations based on the London Interbank Offering Rate, or LIBOR, and the interest expense we incur will vary with changes in the applicable LIBOR reference rate. As a result, an increase in short-term interest rates will increase our interest costs, which may adversely affect our earnings and liquidity. We have entered into a swap agreement to hedge our interest rate exposure on the current outstanding balance of the term loan through July 23, 2010. However, we have not entered any arrangement to hedge our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates from July 23, 2010 to July 23, 2011. For this one year period, we may be exposed to adverse changes in interest rates that may correspondingly affect our future earnings and cash flow.

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        On October 28, 2008, certain of our directors and executive officers, and entities relating to them, loaned an aggregate of $16.0 million to our operating company pursuant to the terms of $16.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior subordinated notes issued by the operating company. These notes are unsecured, have a ten-year maturity and bear interest at 6.30% per annum.

        As our obligations under the credit agreement and the senior subordinated notes become due, we may be required to either refinance any amounts then outstanding by entering into new financing facilities, which could result in higher borrowing costs, or issue equity, which would dilute existing stockholders. Our operating company could also repay them by using cash on hand or cash from the sale of our assets. No assurance can be given that we, or our operating company, will be able to enter into new financing facilities, issue equity in the future, on attractive terms, or at all, have sufficient cash on hand, or be able to raise cash through asset sales, in order to satisfy these obligations.

        Under the terms and conditions of our amended credit agreement and senior subordinated notes, our operating company is generally restricted from making cash distributions to us in respect of our approximate 9.6% member interest therein (other than to fund the payment of taxes we owe as a result of our proportional ownership of the operating company). Since this is our sole source of making distributions to our Class A stockholders, we had to suspend our regular dividend payments to stockholders. Our flexibility as to how to deploy our cash flow will be negatively impacted while we are subject to these debt agreements.

If an event of default under our credit agreement occurs, our lenders thereunder may foreclose on the collateral pledged to them under the related security agreement which could adversely affect our liquidity.

        In connection with the amendment to our credit agreement on October 28, 2008, we entered into a related security agreement with the lenders thereunder pursuant to which we granted these lenders a continuing first priority security interest in our accounts receivable. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under our credit agreement, which include defaults on our payment obligations thereunder, failure to perform or observe the various affirmative covenants under the credit agreement, the occurrence of cross-defaults with other of our debt obligations, certain bankruptcy events, among other events, the lenders may, among other things, exercise their right to foreclose on these assets. Our inability to access these assets while a default is continuing, or our loss of these assets, could adversely affect our liquidity.

Our ability to retain our senior investment professionals and attract additional qualified investment professionals is critical to our success. A decline in our revenues and profitability may have an adverse effect on our business and our ability to attract and retain employees.

        Our success depends on our ability to retain the senior members of our investment team and to recruit additional qualified investment professionals. However, we may not be successful in our efforts to retain them, as the market for investment professionals is extremely competitive. Our portfolio managers possess substantial experience and expertise in investing and, in particular, our classic value investment approach, which requires significant qualitative judgments as to the future earnings power of currently underperforming businesses. Our portfolio managers also have significant relationships with our clients. Accordingly, the loss of any one of our senior investment professionals could limit our ability to successfully execute our classic value investment approach and, therefore, sustain the performance of our investment strategies, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

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Future growth of our business may be difficult to achieve, and may place significant demands on our resources and employees, and may increase our expenses.

        Future growth of our business may be difficult to achieve, and may place significant demands on our infrastructure, our investment team and other employees, and may increase our expenses. In addition, we are required to continuously develop our infrastructure in response to the increasing sophistication of the investment management market, as well as due to legal and regulatory developments.

        As a result of our investment strategies underperforming their respective benchmarks in 2006, 2007 and 2008, our future growth may be more challenging, as this may impact our ability to attract inflows of AUM. Additionally, the current overall market environment, with equity markets broadly and significantly down, may impact potential investors' interest in committing new capital to equity strategies such as those offered by us, thereby making growth more difficult.

        The future growth of our business, if achieved, will depend, among other things, on our ability to maintain an infrastructure and staffing levels sufficient to address its growth and may require us to incur significant additional expenses and commit additional senior management and operational resources. We may face significant challenges in maintaining adequate financial and operational controls, implementing new or updated information and financial systems and procedures and training, managing and appropriately sizing our work force and other components of our business on a timely and cost-effective basis. In addition, our efforts to retain or attract qualified investment professionals may result in significant additional expenses. There can be no assurance that we will be able to manage the growth of our business effectively or that we will be able to continue to grow, and any failure to do so could adversely affect our ability to generate revenue and control our expenses.

The investment management business is intensely competitive.

Competition in the investment management business is based on a variety of factors, including:

        We compete in all aspects of our business with a large number of investment management firms, commercial banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies and other financial institutions. Our competitive risks are heightened by the fact that some of our competitors may invest according to different investment styles or in alternative asset classes which the markets may perceive as more attractive than our investment approach in the public equity markets. If we are unable to compete effectively, our earnings and revenues could be reduced, and our business could be materially adversely affected.

Reductions in business sourced through third-party distribution channels, or their poor reviews of us or our products, could materially reduce our revenue and ability to attract new clients.

        New accounts sourced through consultant-led searches have been a large driver of our inflows in the past and are expected to be a major component of our future inflows. In addition, we have established relationships with certain mutual fund providers, most significantly John Hancock Advisers, who have offered us opportunities to access new market segments through sub-investment advisory roles. We have also accessed the high-net-worth segment of the investing community through

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relationships with well respected wealth advisers who utilize our investment strategies in investment programs they construct for their clients. If we fail to successfully maintain these third-party distribution and sub-investment advisory relationships, our business could be materially adversely affected. In addition, many of these parties review and evaluate our products and our organization. Poor reviews or evaluations of either the particular product or of us may result in client withdrawals or may impact our ability to attract new assets through such intermediaries.

A change of control of us could result in termination of our sub-investment advisory and investment advisory agreements.

        Pursuant to the Investment Company Act, each of the sub-investment advisory agreements for the SEC-registered mutual funds that we sub-advise automatically terminates upon its deemed "assignment" and a fund's board and shareholders must approve a new agreement in order for us to continue to act as its sub-investment adviser. In addition, pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act, each of our investment advisory agreements for the separate accounts we manage may not be "assigned" without the consent of the client. A sale of a controlling block of our voting securities and certain other transactions would be deemed an "assignment" pursuant to both the Investment Company Act and the Investment Advisers Act. Such an assignment may be deemed to occur in the event that the holders of the Class B units of our operating company exchange enough of their Class B units for shares of our Class A common stock such that they no longer own a controlling interest in us. If such a deemed assignment occurs, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain the necessary consents from clients whose funds are managed pursuant to separate accounts or the necessary approvals from the boards and shareholders of the SEC-registered funds that we sub-advise. An assignment, actual or constructive, would trigger these termination and consent provisions and, unless the necessary approvals and consents are obtained, could adversely affect our ability to continue managing client accounts, resulting in the loss of AUM and a corresponding loss of revenue.

Our failure to comply with guidelines set by our clients could result in damage awards against us and a loss of AUM, either of which would cause our earnings to decline or affect our ability to remain in business.

        As an investment adviser, we have a fiduciary duty to our clients. When clients retain us to manage assets on their behalf, they may specify certain guidelines regarding investment allocation and strategy that we are required to observe in the management of their portfolios. Our failure to comply with these guidelines and other limitations could result in losses to a client account that the client could seek to recover from us and could result in the client withdrawing its assets from our management or terminating our investment advisory agreement with them. Any of these events could cause our earnings to decline or affect our ability to remain in business.

Extensive regulation of our business limits our activities and exposes us to the potential for significant penalties, including fines or limitations on our ability to conduct our business.

        We are subject to extensive regulation of our investment management business and operations. As a registered investment adviser, the SEC oversees our activities pursuant to its regulatory authority under the Investment Advisers Act. In addition, we must comply with certain requirements under the Investment Company Act with respect to the SEC-registered funds for which we act as sub-investment adviser. We are also subject to regulation by the Department of Labor under ERISA. Each of the regulatory bodies with jurisdiction over us has regulatory powers dealing with many aspects of financial services, including the authority to grant, and in specific circumstances to cancel, permissions to carry on particular businesses. A failure to comply with the obligations imposed by the Investment Advisers Act on investment advisers, including record-keeping, advertising and operating requirements, disclosure obligations and prohibitions on fraudulent activities, could result in investigations, sanctions and reputational damage. Our failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations could result in

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fines, censure, suspensions of personnel or other sanctions, including revocation of our registration as an investment adviser. Even if a sanction imposed against us or our personnel is small in monetary amount, the adverse publicity arising from the imposition of sanctions against us by regulators could harm our reputation, result in withdrawal by our clients from our investment strategies and impede our ability to retain clients and develop new client relationships, which may reduce our revenues.

        We face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities, including extended investigation and surveillance activity, adoption of costly or restrictive new regulations and judicial or administrative proceedings that may result in substantial penalties. Among other things, we could be fined or be prohibited from engaging in some of our business activities. The requirements imposed by our regulators are designed to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and to protect customers and other third parties who deal with us, and are not designed to protect our stockholders. Consequently, these regulations often serve to limit our activities, including through net capital, customer protection and market conduct requirements.

        In addition, the regulatory environment in which we operate is subject to modifications and further regulation. New laws or regulations, or changes in the enforcement of existing laws or regulations, applicable to us and our clients also may adversely affect our business, and our ability to function in this environment will depend on our ability to constantly monitor and react to these changes. For investment management firms in general, there have been a number of highly publicized regulatory inquiries that focus on the mutual fund industry. These inquiries already have resulted in increased scrutiny in the industry and new rules and regulations for mutual funds and their investment managers. This regulatory scrutiny may limit our ability to engage in certain activities.

        Specific regulatory changes also may have a direct impact on our revenue. In addition to regulatory scrutiny and potential fines and sanctions, regulators continue to examine different aspects of the asset management industry. New regulation regarding the annual approval process for mutual fund sub-investment advisory agreements may result in the reduction of fees or possible terminations of these agreements. These regulatory changes and other proposed or potential changes may result in a reduction of revenue associated with these activities.

Operational risks may disrupt our business, result in losses or limit our growth.

        We rely heavily on our financial, accounting, trading, compliance and other data processing systems. Any failure or interruption of these systems, whether caused by fire, other natural disaster, power or telecommunications failure, act of terrorism or war or otherwise, could result in a disruption of our business, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or reputational damage, and thus materially adversely affect our business. Although we have back-up systems in place, our back-up procedures and capabilities in the event of a failure or interruption may not be adequate. The inability of our systems to accommodate an increasing volume of transactions also could constrain our ability to expand our businesses. In recent years, we have substantially upgraded and expanded the capabilities of our data processing systems and other operating technology, and we expect that we will need to continue to upgrade and expand these capabilities in the future to avoid disruption of, or constraints on, our operations.

        Furthermore, we depend on our headquarters in New York City for the continued operation of our business. A disaster or a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our business, or directly affecting our headquarters, may have a material adverse impact on our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. Although we have disaster recovery programs in place, there can be no assurance that these will be sufficient to mitigate the harm that may result from such a disaster or disruption. In addition, insurance and other safeguards might only partially reimburse us for our losses.

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The investment management industry faces substantial litigation risks which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations or cause significant reputational harm to us.

        We depend to a large extent on our relationships with our clients and our reputation for integrity and high-caliber professional services to attract and retain clients. As a result, if a client is not satisfied with our services, such dissatisfaction may be more damaging to our business than to other types of businesses. We make investment decisions on behalf of our clients which could result in substantial losses to them. In order for our classic value investment strategies to yield attractive returns, we expect to have to hold securities for multi-year periods and, therefore, our investment strategies may not perform well in the short term. If our clients suffer significant losses, or are otherwise dissatisfied with our services, we could be subject to the risk of legal liabilities or actions alleging negligent misconduct, breach of fiduciary duty or breach of contract. These risks are often difficult to assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude often remain unknown for substantial periods of time. We may incur significant legal expenses in defending against litigation. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against us could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations or cause significant reputational harm to us. For information on our current legal proceedings, see "Item 3—Legal Proceedings."

Fulfilling our public company financial reporting and other regulatory obligations has been and will be expensive and time consuming.

        Since becoming a public company, we have been required to implement specific corporate governance practices and adhere to a variety of reporting requirements and complex accounting rules under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related rules and regulations of the SEC, as well as the rules of the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE"). Compliance with these requirements has and will increase our legal and accounting compliance costs and place significant additional demands on our accounting and finance staff, and on our accounting, financial and information systems. We have hired, and may need to hire, additional accounting and finance staff with appropriate public company financial reporting experience and technical accounting knowledge, which has and may increase our compensation expense.

        Commencing with this annual report on Form 10-K, our management will be required to conduct an annual assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and include a report on our internal controls in our annual reports on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. In addition, we will be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. We will continue to incur costs in order to maintain our internal control over financial reporting and comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, including necessary auditing and legal fees, and costs associated with accounting, internal audit, information technology, compliance and administrative staff.

The historical consolidated financial information included in this annual report and our previously filed public company reports may not necessarily be indicative of our future financial results.

        The historical consolidated financial information included in this annual report and our previously filed public company reports may not necessarily be indicative of our future financial results. We do not expect our AUM or revenue to grow at the same rate as they grew in the five years ended December 31, 2007. As mentioned above, we experienced declines in AUM during the past six quarters, and declines in revenue and profitability during the past five quarters, and there can be no assurance that there will not be continued declines in our AUM, revenue and profitability in the future. Although in 2007 we re-opened the Large Cap Value, Value Service, Small Cap Value, Mid Cap Value and All Cap Value strategies, we may close these strategies again at any time. In addition, the historical consolidated financial information included in this annual report and our previously filed public

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company reports with respect to the periods prior to the consummation of the reorganization of our operating company and the concurrent initial public offering of our Class A common stock on October 30, 2007 do not reflect all the added costs that we have incurred and continue to expect to incur as a public company. For example, because we operated through a limited liability company prior to October 30, 2007 and paid little or no taxes on our profits, our historical consolidated financial information prior to October 30, 2007 do not reflect the tax impact of our adoption of a corporate holding company structure.

        See "Item 7—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the historical financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

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Risks Related to Our Investment Strategies

        Our results of operations depend on the performance of our investment strategies. Poor performance of our investment strategies will reduce or minimize the value of our assets under management, on which our advisory fees are based. Since advisory fees comprise all of our operating revenues, poor performance of our investment strategies will have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. In addition, poor performance will make it difficult for us to retain or attract clients and to grow our business. The performance of our strategies is subject to some or all of the following risks.

Our classic value investments in concentrated portfolios subject the performance of our investment strategies to the risk that the companies in which we invest may not achieve the level of earnings recovery that we initially expect, or at all.

        We generally invest in companies after they have experienced a shortfall in their historic earnings, due to an adverse business development, management error, accounting scandal or other disruption, and before there is clear evidence of earnings recovery or business momentum. While very few investors are willing to invest when companies lack earnings visibility, our classic value investment approach seeks to capture the return that can be obtained by investing in a company before the market has a level of confidence in its ability to achieve earnings recovery. However, our investment approach entails the risk that the companies included in our portfolios are not able to execute the turnaround that we had expected when we originally invested in them, thereby reducing the performance of our strategies. Our strategy of constructing concentrated portfolios, generally ranging from 30 to 60 holdings, of companies underperforming their historical earnings power, is subject to a higher risk of underperformance relative to benchmarks than the investment approaches of some of our competitors. Further, since our positions in these investments are often substantial, there is the risk that we may be unable to find willing purchasers for our investments when we decide to sell them.

        Since we apply the same investment process across all of our investment strategies, utilizing one team, and given the overlapping universes of many of our investment strategies, we could have common positions and industry or sector concentrations across many of our investment strategies at the same time. As such, factors leading one of our investment strategies to underperform may lead other strategies to underperform simultaneously. For example, we have been overweight in the financial services sector in most of our investment strategies in recent periods, and given this sector has performed poorly during that time period, most of our strategies have been negatively impacted by this.

Our investment strategies may not obtain attractive returns in certain periods or during certain market conditions.

        Our products are best suited for investors with long-term investment horizons. In order for our classic value investment approach to yield attractive returns, we must typically hold securities for an average of over three years. Our investment strategies may not perform well during certain periods of time, as is currently the case. In addition, our strategies may not perform well during points in the economic cycle when value-oriented stocks are relatively less attractive, as has been the case for the past two and a half years. For instance, during the late stages of an economic cycle, investors may purchase relatively expensive stocks in order to obtain access to above average growth, as was the case in the late 1990s. Value-oriented strategies may also experience weakness during periods when the markets are focused on one investment thesis or sector. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, our investment strategies have underperformed their respective benchmarks, and there can be no assurance that such underperformance will not continue.

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Our investment approach may underperform other investment approaches, which may result in significant withdrawals of client assets or client departures or a reduction in our AUM.

        Even when securities prices are rising generally, portfolio performance can be affected by our investment approach. We employ a classic value investment approach in all of our investment strategies. This investment approach has outperformed the market in some economic and market environments and underperformed it in others. We are currently in a period in which this approach has been underperforming. In particular, a prolonged period in which the growth style of investing outperforms the value style may cause our investment strategy to go out of favor with some clients, consultants or third-party intermediaries. Poor performance relative to peers, coupled with changes in personnel, extensive periods in particular market environments, or other difficulties may result in significant withdrawals of client assets, client departures or a reduction in our AUM.

        We experienced declines in AUM during the past six quarters, and declines in revenue and profitability during the past five quarters, and there can be no assurance that there will not be continued declines in our AUM, revenue and profitability in the future. During the past six quarters, our AUM declined from $30.6 billion at June 30, 2007, to $10.7 billion at December 31, 2008. This decline was due to $15.6 billion in market depreciation and $4.3 billion in net outflows. There was a corresponding decline in revenue and profitability during this period.

The recessionary environment has, and may continue to, negatively affect the companies in which we invest. Despite recent governmental efforts to stimulate the economy, the recessionary environment may continue.

        The recent disruption in the global credit markets and the deterioration of the economy and the financial markets has created increasingly difficult conditions for most companies, including many of those in which we invest. The recessionary environment that the United States and the world face as a result of these factors has had the effect of pushing the prices of equity securities in which we invest lower than their historical levels. In addition, the recessionary environment has had the effect of reducing the funds available to our clients to invest. Both of these trends could continue to reduce our AUM, which is the main driver of our revenues and profitability.

        In October 2008, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 ("EESA") was signed into law. Pursuant to EESA, the federal government has invested over $250 billion in major financial institutions. In February 2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ("AARA"), a $787 billion economic stimulus measure, was signed into law. The federal government has implemented a host of other programs intended to stimulate the economy and unclog credit markets and more are contemplated. The ultimate effect of EESA, AARA and these governmental programs is unknown as this time and, despite the enactment of these pieces of legislation and the implementation of these governmental programs, the recessionary environment may not improve for some time, or may deteriorate, either of which could materially adversely affect the companies in which we invest, the economy in general and our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as the trading price of our common stock.

Our investment process requires us to conduct extensive fundamental research on any company before investing in it, which may result in missed investment opportunities and reduce the performance of our investment strategies.

        We take a considerable amount of time to complete the in-depth research projects that our investment process requires before adding any security to our portfolio. Our process requires that we take this time in order to understand the company and the business well enough to make an informed decision as to whether we are willing to own a significant position in a company whose current earnings are below its historic norms and that does not yet have earnings visibility. However, the time we take to make this judgment may cause us to miss the opportunity to invest in a company that has a sharp and

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rapid earnings recovery. Any such missed investment opportunities could adversely impact the performance of our investment strategies.

Our Global Value, International Value, European Value and International Diversified Value investment strategies consist primarily of investments in the securities of issuers located outside of the United States, which may involve foreign currency exchange, political, social and economic uncertainties and risks.

        Our Global Value, International Value, European Value and International Diversified Value investment strategies, which together represented $2.2 billion of our AUM as of December 31, 2008 and may comprise a larger portion of our AUM in the future, are primarily invested in securities of companies located outside the United States. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could negatively impact the portfolios of our clients who are invested in these strategies. In addition, foreign currency fluctuations may affect the levels of our AUM from one reporting period to another. An increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to non-U.S. currencies may result in a decrease in the dollar value of our AUM, which, in turn, would result in lower U.S.-dollar denominated revenue. We do not currently engage in any hedging activities for these portfolios and continue to market these products as unhedged.

        Investments in non-U.S. issuers may also be affected by political, social and economic uncertainty affecting a country or region in which we are invested. Many non-U.S. financial markets are not as developed, or as efficient, as the U.S. financial market, and, as a result, liquidity may be reduced and price volatility may be higher. The legal and regulatory environments, including financial accounting standards and practices, may also be different, and there may be less publicly available information in respect of such companies. These risks could adversely impact the performance of our strategies that are invested in securities of non-U.S. issuers.

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Risks Related to Our Structure

We are dependent upon distributions from our operating company to make distributions to our Class A stockholders, and to pay taxes and other expenses.

        We are a holding company and have no material assets other than our ownership of membership units of our operating company. We have no independent means of generating revenue and cash flow. Our operating company is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, is not itself subject to U.S. federal income tax. Instead, its taxable income is allocated to its members, including us, pro rata according to the number of membership units each owns. Accordingly, we incur income taxes on our proportionate share of any net taxable income of our operating company and also incur expenses related to our operations. We intend to cause our operating company to distribute cash to its members in an amount at least equal to that necessary to cover their tax liabilities, if any, with respect to the earnings of our operating company. To the extent that we need funds to pay our tax or other liabilities or to fund our operations, and our operating company is restricted from making distributions to us under applicable laws or regulations, or loan agreements, or does not have sufficient earnings to make these distributions, we may have to borrow funds to meet these obligations and run our business and, thus, our liquidity and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. There can be no assurance that funds will be available to borrow under such circumstances on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

We are required to pay the two current members and one former member of our operating company who sold to us an aggregate of 6.1 million membership units of our operating company in October 2007 and the holders of Class B units of our operating company who exchange their Class B units for shares of our Class A common stock most of the tax benefit of any depreciation or amortization deductions we may claim as a result of the tax basis step up we receive in connection with these sales of membership units and any future exchanges of Class B units.

        We used the net proceeds of our October 2007 initial public offering to purchase an aggregate of 6.1 million membership units of our operating company from three of its members, or the selling members. These purchases have and are expected to result in increases in our share of the tax basis in the tangible and intangible assets of our operating company that otherwise would not have been available. Any subsequent exchanges of Class B units of our operating company for shares of our Class A common stock are also expected to result in increases in our share of the tax basis in the tangible and intangible assets of our operating company that otherwise would not have been available. These increases in tax basis have and are expected to reduce the amount of tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future, although the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, might challenge all or part of this tax basis increase, and a court might sustain such a challenge.

        Pursuant to a tax receivable agreement dated October 30, 2007, among the selling members, all holders of Class B units after our October 2007 initial public offering and us, we are required to pay the selling members and any holders of Class B units who elect to exchange their Class B units for shares of our Class A common stock 85% of the amount of the cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that we realize as a result of the increases in tax basis due to the sale to us of 6.1 million membership units in October 2007 and any subsequent exchanges of Class B units for shares of our Class A common stock. The actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under this agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable, the amount and timing of our income and the tax rates then applicable. We expect that, as a result of the size and increases in our share of the tax basis in the tangible and intangible assets of our operating company attributable to our interest therein, the payments that we may make to these members likely will be substantial. In October 2008, each of the selling members agreed with us to waive any payments that we are or may be required to make to

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them with respect to the 2008 and 2009 tax years, as a result of their sale to us of an aggregate of 6.1 million membership units in October 2007. There can be no assurance that any of the selling members would grant us similar waivers in the future or that any holder of Class B units would grant us such a waiver related to any future exchanges.

        Were the IRS to successfully challenge the tax basis increases described above, we would not be reimbursed for any payments made under the tax receivable agreement. As a result, in certain circumstances, we could be required to make payments under the tax receivable agreement in excess of our cash tax savings.

If we are deemed an investment company under the Investment Company Act, our business would be subject to applicable restrictions under that Act, which could make it impracticable for us to continue our business as contemplated.

        We believe our company is not an investment company under Section 3(b)(1) of the Investment Company Act because we are primarily engaged in a non-investment company business. We conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed an investment company. However, if we were to be deemed an investment company, restrictions imposed by the Investment Company Act, including limitations on our capital structure and our ability to transact with affiliates, could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated.

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Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock

The market price and trading volume of our Class A common stock may be volatile, which could result in rapid and substantial losses for our stockholders.

        The market price of our Class A common stock may be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations. In addition, the trading volume in our Class A common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our Class A common stock declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your shares of Class A common stock at or above your purchase price, if at all. We cannot assure you that the market price of our Class A common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future. Some of the factors that could negatively affect the price of our Class A common stock, or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our Class A common stock, include:

The market price of our Class A common stock could decline due to the large number of shares of our Class A common stock eligible for future sale upon the exchange of Class B units of our operating company.

        Pursuant to the operating agreement of our operating company, on at least one date designated by us each year (or, if we do not designate a date by September 30th of any year, on October 30th), each holder of Class B units may exchange up to 15% of its Class B units for an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock, subject to certain restrictions set forth in the operating agreement. Pursuant to the resale and registration rights agreement, dated October 30, 2007, among the holders of Class B units and us, (i) on at least one date designated by us each year (or, if we do not designate a date by September 30th of any year, on a date that is three business days after October 30th) these holders may resell the shares of Class A common stock issued to them upon the exchange of up to 15% of their Class B units, and (ii) until October 30, 2011, they may only resell these shares in the manner determined by us. In accordance with our obligations under the operating agreement and the resale and registration rights agreement, we intend to designate (i) at least one date between now and October 30, 2009 on which we will allow holders of Class B units to exchange up to an aggregate of approximately 8.7 million Class B units, which represents 15% of the Class B units outstanding immediately after the consummation of our operating company's reorganization on October 30, 2007, for an equivalent number of shares of Class A common stock and (ii) the date or dates and manner in which we will allow these holders to resell these shares. In addition, our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, allow holders of Class B units to make exchanges in amounts exceeding those described above.

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        We filed a Form S-3 registration statement, which became effective in February 2009, in order to register our issuance to these holders of the total number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exchange of all Class B units outstanding immediately after the consummation of our operating company's reorganization. We designated March 3, 2009 as the 2009 exchange date. Certain executive officers and employees elected to exchange an aggregate of 2,445,973 Class B units for an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock, which, with the exception of those held by our executive officers, are freely tradable. The market price of our Class A common stock could decline as a result of sales pursuant to the Form S-3 registration statement, or the perception that such sales could occur. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to raise additional capital by selling equity securities in the future, at a time and price that we deem appropriate. None of the members of the Executive Committee of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, who beneficially own a substantial majority of the Class B units currently outstanding, have any present plans to sell any shares of Class A common stock.

Control by our Class B stockholders, which include our managing principals, 22 of our other employees, two outside investors and one former employee, of 97.9% of the combined voting power of our common stock may give rise to conflicts of interest.

        Our Class B stockholders collectively hold approximately 97.9% of the combined voting power of our common stock. These stockholders consist of our managing principals, 22 of our other employees, two outside investors and one former employee. Holders of shares of our Class B common stock have entered into a Class B stockholders' agreement with respect to all shares of Class B common stock then held by them and any additional shares of Class B common stock they may acquire in the future. Pursuant to this agreement, they will vote these shares of Class B common stock together on all matters submitted to a vote of our common stockholders. To the extent that we cause our operating company to issue additional Class B units, which may be granted, subject to vesting, to our employees pursuant to the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, these employees will be entitled to receive an equivalent number of shares of our Class B common stock, subject to the condition that they agree to enter into this Class B stockholders' agreement. Each share of our Class B common stock entitles its holder to five votes per share for so long as the Class B stockholders collectively hold 20% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding. When a Class B unit is exchanged for a share of our Class A common stock, an unvested Class B unit is forfeited due to the employee holder's failure to satisfy the conditions of the award agreement pursuant to which it was granted, or any Class B unit is forfeited as result of a breach of any restrictive covenants contained in our operating company's amended and restated operating agreement, a corresponding share of our Class B common stock will automatically be redeemed by us. For so long as our Class B stockholders hold at least 20% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding, they will be able to elect all of the members of our board of directors and thereby control our management and affairs, including determinations with respect to acquisitions, dispositions, borrowings, issuances of securities, and the declaration and payment of dividends. In addition, they will be able to determine the outcome of all matters requiring approval of stockholders, and will be able to cause or prevent a change of control of our company or a change in the composition of our board of directors, and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of our company. Our Class B stockholders have the ability to prevent the consummation of mergers, takeovers or other transactions that may be in the best interests of our Class A stockholders. In particular, this concentration of voting power could deprive Class A stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares of Class A common stock as part of a sale of our company, and could ultimately affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

Anti-takeover provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws could discourage a change of control that our stockholders may favor, which could also adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

        Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws may make it more difficult and expensive for a third party to acquire control of us, even if a change of control would be

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beneficial to our stockholders. For example, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of our preferred stock and to designate the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of unissued series of our preferred stock, each without any vote or action by our stockholders. We could issue a series of preferred stock to impede the consummation of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. The anti-takeover provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws may impede takeover attempts, or other transactions, that may be in the best interests of our stockholders and, in particular, our Class A stockholders. In addition, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected to the extent that provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws discourage potential takeover attempts, or other transactions, that our stockholders may favor.

On October 28, 2008, we suspended our regular dividend to stockholders, and our ability to pay future regular dividends is limited by the terms and conditions of our debt agreements, and additionally will be subject to the discretion of our board of directors and may be limited by our holding company structure and applicable provisions of Delaware law.

        Due to certain restrictions set forth in our credit agreement and senior subordinated notes, as described above, we have had to suspend our regular dividend payments to stockholders. In the future, our board of directors may, in its discretion, reinstate the dividend at an amount to be determined by it. However, the ability of our operating company to make distributions to us so that we are able to make a dividend distribution to our shareholders is subject to its operating results, debt agreements to which it is or may be a party, cash requirements and financial condition and applicable Delaware laws (which may limit the amount of funds available for distribution to its members). If, as a consequence of these various limitations and restrictions, we are unable to generate sufficient distributions from our business, we may not be able to make, or may have to reduce or eliminate, the payment of future dividends on our Class A common stock.

The disparity in the voting rights among the classes of our common stock may have a potential adverse effect on the price of our Class A common stock.

        Each share of our Class A common stock entitles its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by stockholders generally, while each share of our Class B common stock entitles its holder to five votes for so long as the number of shares of Class B common stock represents 20% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding. The difference in voting rights could adversely affect the value of our Class A common stock to the extent that investors view, or any potential future purchaser of our company views, the superior voting rights of the Class B common stock to have value.

If our common stock is de-listed from the NYSE, shareholders liquidity in their shares may be adversely affected and shareholders may have difficulty selling their shares or attaining a satisfactory price.

        In order for our common stock to be eligible to continue to be listed on the NYSE we must meet the current NYSE continued listing requirements. One of the NYSE's continued listing requirements is that the average closing price of a share of our Class A common stock must not fall below $1.00 over a consecutive 30 trading-day period. (The NYSE has suspended this continued listing requirement until June 30, 2009 due to the precipitous decline in trading prices of many securities. Following the expiration of the suspension period, any non-compliance with the continued listing requirement would be determined based on a consecutive 30-day trading period commencing on June 30, 2009.) Any de-listing of our common stock could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for our common stock, in terms of the number of shares that can be bought and sold at a given price and through delays in the timing of transactions and less coverage of us by securities analysts, if any. It also could have an adverse effect on our ability to raise capital in the public or private equity markets if we were to determine that we need to seek additional equity capital in the future.

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ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

        None.

ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES

        Our corporate headquarters and principal offices are located at 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, where we occupy approximately 32,000 square feet of space under a non-cancellable operating lease, the term of which expires in October 2015. We believe our current facilities are adequate for our current needs and that suitable additional space will be available as and when needed.

ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

        In the normal course of business, we may be subject to various legal and administrative proceedings. On November 21, 2007 and January 16, 2008, substantively identical putative class action lawsuits were commenced in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against us and Richard S. Pzena, our chief executive officer, seeking remedies under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The Court consolidated the lawsuits and appointed co-lead plaintiffs, who filed a consolidated amended complaint. The consolidated amended complaint named as defendants us, Richard S. Pzena, and two of the underwriters of our initial public offering, Goldman Sachs & Co., Inc. and UBS Securities LLC. Plaintiffs sought to represent a class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired Class A common stock issued pursuant or traceable to our initial public offering. The consolidated amended complaint alleged that the registration statement and prospectus relating to the initial public offering of our Class A common stock contained material misstatements and omissions and wrongfully failed to disclose net redemptions in the John Hancock Classic Value Fund, for which we act as sub-investment advisor. The consolidated amended complaint sought damages in an unspecified amount, including rescission or rescissory damages. The Court granted defendants' motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint and, on September 4, 2008, the Court entered a judgment in favor of defendants. Plaintiffs have appealed the Court's judgment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, and that appeal is pending. We believe that the allegations and claims are without merit and we will continue to contest these claims vigorously.

ITEM 4.    SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

        During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, no matters were submitted to a vote of security holders.

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PART II.

ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

        Our Class A common stock is listed for trading on the NYSE under the symbol "PZN". As of March 3, 2009, there were approximately 22 record holders of our Class A common stock and 68 record holders of our Class B common shares. These numbers do not include shareholders who hold their shares through one or more intermediaries, such as banks, brokers or depositories.

        The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low sales prices of our Class A common stock on the NYSE for the periods indicated and dividends declared during such periods.

        Our shares of Class A common stock began trading on the NYSE on October 25, 2007.

 
  High   Low   Dividends
Declared Per
Share
 

Year Ended December 31, 2007:

                   

Fourth Quarter (beginning on October 25, 2007)

  $ 20.09   $ 10.55   $ 0.11  

Year Ended December 31, 2008:

                   

January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2008

  $ 13.75   $ 2.39   $ 0.27  

Period Ended March 3, 2009:

                   

January 1, 2009 through March 3, 2009

  $ 4.96   $ 1.62     NA  

        We declared a quarterly dividend of $0.11 per share of our Class A common stock on November 9, 2007, with a record date of December 28, 2007 and a payment date of January 11, 2008. We declared a quarterly dividend of $0.11 per share of our Class A common stock on March 4, 2008, with a record date of March 27, 2008 and a payment date of April 11, 2008. On June 3, 2008, we declared a quarterly dividend of $0.11 per share of our Class A common stock, with a record date of June 27, 2008 and a payment date of July 11, 2008. On September 3, 2008, we declared a quarterly dividend of $0.05 per share of our Class A common stock, with a record date of September 26, 2008 and a payment date of October 10, 2008.

Our Dividend Policy

        Under the terms and conditions of the amendment to our credit agreement and our senior subordinated notes, both of which are dated October 28, 2008, our operating company is generally restricted from making cash distributions to us in respect of our approximate 9.6% member interest therein (other than to fund the payment of taxes we owe as a result of our proportionate ownership of the operating company). See "Item 1A—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Our periodic interest and amortization payment obligations under our financing facilities could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. Our current financing facilities restrict our ability to make cash distributions to our Class A stockholders." Since our operating company is our sole source of distributions from which we can make dividend distributions to our Class A stockholders, on October 28, 2008 we suspended our regular dividend payments to stockholders.

        In the future, our board of directors may, in its discretion, reinstate the dividend at an amount to be determined by it. However, the ability of our operating company to make distributions to us so that we are able to make a dividend distribution to our shareholders is subject to its operating results, debt agreements to which it is or may be a party, cash requirements and financial condition and applicable Delaware laws (which may limit the amount of funds available for distribution to its members). If, as a consequence of these various limitations and restrictions, we are unable to generate sufficient

33



distributions from our business, we may not be able to make, or may have to reduce or eliminate, the payment of future dividends on our Class A common stock.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

        In 2008, we awarded an aggregate of 13,000 Class B units and the related 13,000 shares of Class B common stock to four new employee members. The issuances did not involve any public offering, general advertising or general solicitation. The certificates representing the securities bear a restrictive legend. On the basis of these facts, the securities were issued in a transaction not involving a public offering and were issued in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933.

        In 2008 we issued an aggregate of 78,728 shares of our Class A common stock to our non-employee directors pursuant to our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan for no consideration. See "Item 11—Executive Compensation—2008 Non-Employee Director Compensation." Each person to whom the shares were issued, by virtue of his relationship with us, had knowledge of and access to sufficient information to make an informed investment decision. The certificates representing the securities bear a restrictive legend. On the basis of these facts, the securities were issued in a transaction not involving a public offering and were issued in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.

34


Performance Graph

        The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock from October 25, 2007 (the date our Class A common stock first began trading on the NYSE) through December 31, 2008, with the cumulative total return of the S&P 500® and the SNL Asset Manager Index*. The graph assumes the investment of $100 in our common stock and in each of the two indices on October 25, 2007 and the reinvestment of all dividends, if any. The initial public offering price of our common stock was $18.00 per share.

GRAPHIC

 
  Period Ended  
Index
  10/25/07   12/31/07   12/31/08  

Pzena Investment Management, Inc. 

    100.00     63.92     24.19  

SNL Asset Manager Index*

    100.00     96.32     45.87  

S&P 500® Index

    100.00     97.28     61.35  

35


        In accordance with the rules of the SEC, this section entitled "Performance Graph" shall not be incorporated by reference into any future filings by us under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and shall not be deemed to be soliciting material or to be filed under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

Recent Purchases of Equity Securities

        During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, we did not repurchase any of our equity securities.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

        For certain information concerning securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans, see Item 12—"Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters—Equity Compensation Plan Information."

36


ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

        The following tables set forth selected historical consolidated financial data of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. Reported results for the periods prior to October 30, 2007 reflect solely the operations of Pzena Investment Management, LLC. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the consolidated statements of financial condition data as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, have been derived from Pzena Investment Management, Inc.'s audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

        The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2006, have been derived from Pzena Investment Management, LLC's audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the consolidated statement of financial condition data as of December 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004, have been derived from Pzena Investment Management, LLC's audited consolidated financial statements not included in this Annual Report.

        You should read the following selected historical consolidated financial data together with "Item 7—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the historical consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 
  For the Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2008   2007   2006   2005   2004  
 
  (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 

Statements of Operations Data:

                               

REVENUE

                               
 

Management Fees

  $ 101,404   $ 146,776   $ 113,984   $ 75,003   $ 46,954  
 

Incentive Fees

        373     1,103     3,593     4,942  
                       
   

Total Revenue

    101,404     147,149     115,087     78,596     51,896  

EXPENSES

                               
 

Cash Compensation and Benefits

    20,703     33,924     34,830     23,832     18,837  
 

Distributions on Compensatory Units

        12,087     17,857     10,147     6,865  
 

Change in Redemption Value of Compensatory Units

        15,969     20,411     7,306     3,225  
 

Change from Formula to Fair Value Plan for Compensatory Units

            232,534          
 

Acceleration of Vesting of Compensatory Units

        64,968              
 

Other Non-Cash Compensation

    4,952     2,753              
                       
 

Total Compensation and Benefits Expense

    25,655     129,701     305,632     41,285     28,927  
 

General and Administrative Expenses

    11,356     13,038     8,380     5,734     4,919  
                       
   

TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES

    37,011     142,739     314,012     47,019     33,846  
                       

Operating Income/(Loss)

    64,393     4,410     (198,925 )   31,577     18,050  

Other Income/(Expense)

    35,685     (2,136 )   6,114     2,661     3,170  
                       

INCOME/(LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS

    100,078     2,274     (192,811 )   34,238     21,220  

Provision for Income Taxes

    67,680     5,610     3,941     2,704     1,765  

Non-Controlling Interests

    36,095     (20,644 )   1,997     67     3  
                       

Income/(Loss) Before Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units

    (3,697 )   17,308     (198,749 )   31,467     19,452  

Less: Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units

        16,575     516,708     60,136     19,452  
                       

NET INCOME/(LOSS)

  $ (3,697 ) $ 733   $ (715,457 ) $ (28,669 ) $  
                       

Per Share Data:

                               

Net Income/(Loss) for Basic Earnings per Share(1)

 
$

(3,697

)

$

733
                   

Basic Earnings/(Loss) per Share(1)

  $ (0.60 ) $ 0.12                    

Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding(1)

    6,122,569     6,111,118                    

Net Income/(Loss) for Diluted Earnings per Share(1)

 
$

(3,697

)

$

7,765
                   

Diluted Earnings/(Loss) per Share(1)

  $ (0.60 ) $ 0.12                    

Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding(1)

    6,122,569     64,056,778                    

Cash Dividends Declared Per Share

  $ 0.27   $ 0.11                    

(1)
Represents the Company's weighted average shares and its earnings generated through its economic interest in the operating company subsequent to October 30, 2007.

37


 
  As of December 31,  
 
  2008   2007   2006   2005   2004  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Statements of Financial Condition Data:

                               

Cash and Cash Equivalents

  $ 27,421   $ 27,184   $ 30,920   $ 4,969   $ 4,932  

TOTAL ASSETS

    62,519     154,646     89,746     48,968     33,652  

Term Loan

   
22,000
   
60,000
   
   
   
 

Senior Subordinated Debt

    16,000                  

Capital Units Subject to Mandatory Redemption

            533,553     49,729     22,875  

TOTAL LIABILITIES

    46,179     140,212     806,313     66,672     33,649  

Non-Controlling Interests

    11,819     16,355     13,399     1,965     3  

EQUITY (EXCESS OF LIABILITIES OVER ASSETS)

  $ 4,521   $ (1,921 ) $ (729,966 ) $ (19,669 ) $  

        Prior to the consummation of our initial public offering on October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC operated as a partnership and was not subject to U.S. federal and certain state income taxes. After that date, we became subject to U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes applicable to C-corporations.

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ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

        We are an investment management firm that utilizes a classic value investment approach in each of our investment strategies. We currently manage assets in a variety of value-oriented investment strategies across a wide range of market capitalizations in both U. S. and international capital markets. At December 31, 2008, our assets under management, or AUM, were $10.7 billion. We manage separate accounts on behalf of institutions and high net worth individuals and act as sub-investment adviser for a variety of SEC-registered mutual funds and offshore funds.

        We function as the holding company through which the business of our operating company, Pzena Investment Management, LLC, is conducted. Following our initial public offering and reorganization on October 30, 2007, we became the sole managing member of Pzena Investment Management, LLC. As such, we now control its business and affairs and, therefore, consolidate its financial results with ours. In light of our employees' and other investors' collective membership interest in our operating company, we reflect their ownership as a non-controlling interest in our consolidated financial statements. As a result, subsequent to October 30, 2007, our income is generated by our economic interest in our operating company's net income. Results for the periods prior to October 30, 2007 reflect solely the operations of Pzena Investment Management, LLC. As of December 31, 2008, the holders of Class A common stock (through the Company) and the holders of Class B units of the operating company held approximately 9.6% and 90.4%, respectively, of the economic interests in the operations of the business.

Revenue

        We generate revenue from management fees and incentive fees, which we collectively refer to as our advisory fees, by managing assets on behalf of separate accounts and acting as a sub-investment adviser for mutual funds and certain other investment funds. Our advisory fee income is recognized over the period in which investment management services are provided. Pursuant to the preferred accounting method under Emerging Issues Task Force Issue D-96, Accounting for Management Fees Based on a Formula ("EITF D-96"), income from incentive fees is recorded at the conclusion of the contractual performance period, when all contingencies are resolved.

        Our advisory fees are primarily driven by the level of our AUM. Our AUM increases or decreases with the net inflows or outflows of funds into our various investment strategies and with the investment performance thereof. In order to increase our AUM and expand our business, we must develop and market investment strategies that suit the investment needs of our target clients and provide attractive returns over the long term. The value and composition of our AUM, and our ability to continue to attract clients, will depend on a variety of factors includindg, among other things:

39


        For our separately-managed accounts, we are paid fees according to a schedule, which varies by investment strategy. The substantial majority of these accounts pay us management fees pursuant to a schedule in which the rate we earn on the AUM declines as the amount of AUM increases, subject to a minimum fee to manage each account. Certain of these clients pay us fees according to the performance of their accounts relative to certain agreed-upon benchmarks, which results in a slightly lower base fee, but allow us to earn higher fees if the relevant investment strategy outperforms the agreed-upon benchmark.

        Pursuant to our sub-investment advisory agreements, we are generally paid a management fee according to a schedule, in which the rate we earn on the AUM declines as the amount of AUM increases. Certain of these funds pay us fixed rate management fees. Due to the substantially larger account size of certain of these accounts, the average advisory fees we earn on them, as a percentage of AUM, are lower than the advisory fees we earn on our separately-managed accounts.

        The majority of advisory fees we earn on separately-managed accounts are based on the value of AUM at a specific date on a quarterly basis, either in arrears or advance. Advisory fees on certain of our separately-managed accounts, and with respect to most of the mutual funds that we sub-advise, are calculated based on the average of the monthly or daily market value. Advisory fees are also adjusted for any cash flows into or out of a portfolio, where the cash flow represents greater than 10% of the value of the portfolio. While a specific group of accounts may use the same fee rate, the method used to calculate the fee according to the fee rate schedule may differ as described above.

        Our advisory fees may fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the following:

Expenses

        Our expenses consist primarily of compensation and benefits expenses, as well as general and administrative expenses. These expenses may fluctuate due to a number of factors, including the following:

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Compensation and Benefits Expense

        Our largest expense is compensation and benefits, which includes the salaries, bonuses, equity-based compensation and related benefits and payroll costs attributable to our members and employees. Compensation and benefits packages are benchmarked against relevant industry and geographic peer groups in order to attract and retain qualified personnel. We have experienced a decrease in cash compensation and benefits expense, particularly in 2008, as we reduced our year-end bonus packages to reflect the adverse economic conditions in our business and industry in general. Cash compensation has also declined due to lower revenue-based variable compensation costs and a decline in headcount. The table included in the section below describes the components of our compensation expense for the three years ended December 31, 2008:

 
  For the Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2008   2007   2006  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Cash Compensation and Other Benefits

  $ 20,703   $ 33,924   $ 34,830  

Distributions on Compensatory Units

        12,087     17,857  

Change in Redemption Value of Compensatory Units

        15,969     20,411  

Change from Formula to Fair Value Plan for Compensatory Units

            232,534  

Acceleration of Vesting of Compensatory Units

        64,968      

Other Non-Cash Compensation

    4,952     2,753      
               
 

Total Compensation and Benefits Expense

  $ 25,655   $ 129,701   $ 305,632  
               

        Historically, we granted profits-only interests in our operating company to selected employees. These profits-only interests entitled the holder to a share of the future distributions of our operating company. Pursuant to the terms of the operating agreement of our operating company prior to December 31, 2006, the holders of these profits-only interests had the right to require us to redeem their profits-only interests upon their termination of employment, or death, at a formula value equal to their pro-rata share of our net investment advisory fee revenues for the four completed fiscal quarters preceding their termination, or death, as applicable. We have accounted for the distributions on profits-only interests, as well as the annual increase in their redemption value, in our operating company's financial statements as compensation expense. On December 31, 2006, all then outstanding profits-only interests in our operating company were exchanged for capital units, as discussed further in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report, and our operating company's operating agreement was amended to, among other things, change the formula pursuant to which it would be required to redeem the previously granted profits-only interests, subsequently exchange for capital units, to one based on the fair market value of our firm. The change in the redemption value required us to a take a one-time compensation charge of $232.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2006, which was recorded as compensation expense, with respect to the capital units deemed compensatory. Our operating company's operating agreement was further amended as of March 31, 2007 to eliminate its obligation to redeem units under any circumstance. As all of its membership units thereafter had only equity characteristics, neither distributions nor subsequent incremental changes to their value were charged against income from the date of the amendment. As of March 31, 2007, we accelerated the vesting of all compensatory units, as described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report, then subject to vesting. The one-time charge associated with this acceleration, approximately $65.0 million, was recorded on March 31, 2007. Subsequent to this date, distributions on these units are not considered a component of compensation and benefits expense and are instead recorded as a direct reduction of operating company capital.

41


        On January 1, 2007, we adopted the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, pursuant to which we have issued restricted units, and options to acquire units, in our operating company, both of which vest ratably over a four-year period. We used a fair-value method in recording the compensation expense associated with the granting of these restricted units, and options to acquire units, to new and existing members under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. Under this method, compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized over the award's vesting period. The fair value of the units is to be determined by reference to the market price of our Class A common stock on the date of grant, since these units are exchangeable for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The fair value of the options to acquire units will be determined by using an appropriate option pricing model on the grant date.

        On January 1, 2007, we instituted a deferred compensation plan, in which employees who earn in excess of $600,000 per year are required to defer a portion of their compensation in excess of this amount. These deferred amounts may be invested, at the employee's discretion, in certain of our investment strategies, restricted phantom units of our operating company, or money market funds. Amounts deferred in any calendar year reduce that year's cash compensation expense and vest ratably over a four-year period beginning on January 1 of the next year. Therefore, the amortization of 2007 deferred amounts has been reflected in our expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008. No material amounts were deferred in 2008. Should additional amounts be deferred in future years, we would expect the non-cash portion of our compensation expense to increase as the existing and subsequently deferred amounts are amortized through income.

        As of December 31, 2008, we had approximately $2.2 million in unrecorded compensation expense related to phantom operating company units issued pursuant to our deferred compensation plan and operating company unit and option grants issued under our PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. We expect that the amortization of these amounts will be approximately $0.7 million for each of the next three years, with a negligible amount amortized thereafter. There was no such unrecorded compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2007.

General and Administrative Expenses

        General and administrative expenses include professional and outside services fees, office expenses, depreciation and the costs associated with operating and maintaining our research, trading and portfolio accounting systems. Our occupancy-related costs and professional services expenses, in particular, generally increase or decrease in relative proportion to the overall size and scale of our business operations.

        As a result of our offering on October 30, 2007, we have incurred and expect to incur, additional expenses associated with being a public company for, among other things, director and officer insurance, director fees, SEC reporting and compliance (including Sarbanes-Oxley compliance), transfer agent fees, professional fees and other similar expenses. These additional expenses have and will reduce our net income.

Other Income/(Expense)

        Other income/(expense) is derived primarily from interest income generated on our excess cash balances, investment income or loss arising from our investments in various private investment vehicles that we employ to incubate new strategies, interest expense on our amended credit agreement and senior subordinated notes, and mark-to-market movements on our swap agreement. Other income/(expense) is also affected by changes in our estimates of the liability due to our selling shareholders associated with payments owed to them under the tax receivable agreement which was implemented subsequent to our reorganization and offering on October 30, 2007. As discussed further below, this liability represents 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income

42



tax that we realize as a result of the amortization of the increases in tax basis generated from company's purchase of operating company units from its selling shareholders. Amounts waived by our selling shareholders reduce this liability. We expect the interest and investment components of other income, in the aggregate, to fluctuate based on market conditions and the performance of our investment strategies.

Non-Controlling Interests

        Our operating company has historically consolidated the results of operations of the private investment partnerships over which we exercise a controlling influence. After our reorganization, we became the sole managing member of our operating company and now control its business and affairs and, therefore, consolidate its financial results with ours. In light of our employees' and outside investors' interest in our operating company, we have reflected their membership interests as a non-controlling interest in our consolidated financial statements. As a result, subsequent to October 30, 2007, our income is generated by our economic interest in our operating company's net income. As of December 31, 2008, the holders of Class A common stock (through the Company) and the holders of Class B units of the operating company held approximately 9.6% and 90.4%, respectively, of the economic interests in the operations of the business.

Provision for Income Tax

        While our operating company has historically not been subject to U.S. federal and certain state income taxes, it has been subject to New York City Unincorporated Business Tax. As a result of our reorganization, we are now subject to taxes applicable to C-corporations. As such, our effective tax rate has increased as a result of our reorganization. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. As discussed below, in 2008, we recorded a $62.7 million valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset associated with our acquisition of operating company units in conjunction with the offering.

Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units

        Until the amendment of its Operating Agreement on March 31, 2007, the operating company recorded a net liability for its capital units equal to the accumulated redemption value as of the balance sheet date of all such outstanding units. This liability also included any undistributed earnings attributable to such units. As such, interest on mandatorily redeemable units included distributions made on capital units outstanding, as well as the incremental increases or decreases in the redemption values of these units. Distributions were generally paid on the operating company's income before non-cash compensation charges. Redemption values were determined based on fair value.

        Prior to March 31, 2007, capital units were required to be redeemed on the death of a member. Effective March 31, 2007, the operating company's Operating Agreement was amended to eliminate its obligation to redeem units under any circumstance. Since all capital units thereafter had only equity characteristics, neither distributions, nor subsequent incremental changes to these units' value, were charged against income subsequent to the effective date of the amendment. The $16.6 million charge recorded in 2007 represents the distributions and incremental changes to these units' fair value through March 31, 2007.

Operating Results

General

        Our earnings and cash flows are heavily dependent upon prevailing financial market conditions. Significant increases or decreases in the various securities markets, particularly the equities markets, can have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

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        Beginning in the second half of 2007 and continuing through 2008, performance of our investment strategies was negatively impacted by significant volatility in the equity markets, and our overweight investment exposure to the financial services sector in particular. As a result, our assets under management declined in 2008 by $12.9 billion, or 54.7% from $23.6 billion to $10.7 billion, and $3.7 billion, or 13.6%, from $27.3 billion to $23.6 billion in 2007, due primarily to negative performance of $10.0 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively.

        In 2008, we experienced gross outflows of $8.3 billion, which were partially offset by gross inflows of $5.4 billion. Our sub-advised accounts experienced gross outflows of $4.4 billion, which were offset by $3.2 billion in gross inflows. The $1.2 billion in net outflows were mainly attributable to the weaker performance of our sub-advised funds compared to that of their peers. Our separately-managed accounts similarly experienced $1.7 billion in net outflows during 2008. For the year, our separately-managed accounts had $3.9 billion in gross outflows and $2.2 billion in gross inflows.

        In 2007, we experienced gross outflows of $8.0 billion, which were almost entirely offset by gross inflows of $7.9 billion. This decline in AUM occurred during the second half of the year. Our sub-advised accounts experienced $5.9 billion in gross outflows of AUM, which were offset by $4.3 billion in gross inflows. As noted above, the $1.6 billion in net outflows were mainly attributable to the weaker performance of our sub-advised funds compared to that of their peers. These net outflows were, however, mostly offset by net inflows of $1.5 billion in our separately-managed accounts during 2007. For the year, our separately-managed accounts experienced gross inflows of $3.6 billion and gross outflows of $2.1 billion.

        Prior to 2007, our AUM had grown significantly as a result of several factors including, among others, the exceptional investment performance for the since inception, five-year and three-year periods for each of our investment strategies through the end of 2006.

        Our average AUM fluctuates based on changes in the market value of accounts advised and sub-advised by us and on fund flows. Accordingly, our revenues have declined from the comparable 2007 and 2006 periods to the extent that the markets have continued to be unfavorable to our value investment strategy. A decrease in revenue results in lower operating income and net income.

        We expect that we will experience continued pressure on our operating margins in the future if AUM continues to decline. We expect our operating expenses, exclusive of unit-based compensation charges, to decline modestly in 2009 from the comparable 2008 periods, as we identify and implement potential cost savings opportunities.

44


Assets Under Management and Flows

        The change in AUM in our separately-managed accounts and our sub-advised accounts for the two years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 is described below:

 
  Year Ended December 31,  
Assets Under Management
  2008   2007  
 
  (in billions)
 

Separately-Managed Accounts

             
 

Beginning of Period Assets

  $ 14.0   $ 14.5  
   

Inflows

   
2.2
   
3.6
 
   

Outflows

   
(3.9

)
 
(2.1

)
           
   

Net Flows

    (1.7 )   1.5  
   

Performance

   
(5.9

)
 
(2.0

)
           
 

End of Period Assets

  $ 6.4   $ 14.0  
           

Sub-Advised Accounts

             
 

Beginning of Period Assets

  $ 9.6   $ 12.8  
   

Inflows

   
3.2
   
4.3
 
   

Outflows

   
(4.4

)
 
(5.9

)
           
   

Net Flows

    (1.2 )   (1.6 )
   

Performance

   
(4.1

)
 
(1.6

)
           
 

End of Period Assets

  $ 4.3   $ 9.6  
           

Total

             
 

Beginning of Period Assets

  $ 23.6   $ 27.3  
   

Inflows

   
5.4
   
7.9
 
   

Outflows

   
(8.3

)
 
(8.0

)
           
   

Net Flows

    (2.9 )   (0.1 )
   

Performance

   
(10.0

)
 
(3.6

)
           
 

End of Period Assets

  $ 10.7   $ 23.6  
           

        At December 31, 2008, our $10.7 billion of AUM were invested in twelve value-oriented investment strategies which represent distinct capitalization segments of the U.S and international markets. The following table describes the allocation of our AUM as of December 31, 2008 among our seven largest investment strategies and the aggregate of our other investment strategies:

Investment Strategy
  AUM at December 31, 2008  
 
  (in billions)
 

Large Cap Value

  $ 5.6  

Value Service

    1.8  

Global Value

    1.9  

Small Cap Value

    0.6  

International Value

    0.2  

Mid Cap Value

    0.2  

All Cap Value

    0.1  

Other Strategies(1)

    0.3  
       
 

Total

  $ 10.7  
       

(1)
Our five other investment strategies are: Financial Opportunities Service, Diversified Value, European Value, Mega Cap Value, and International Diversified Value.

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Year Ended December 31, 2008 versus December 31, 2007

        At December 31, 2008, the Company managed $10.7 billion in total assets, a decrease of $12.9 billion, or 54.7%, from $23.6 billion at December 31, 2007. The decrease year-over-year in AUM was due primarily to $10.0 billion in market depreciation, and, to a lesser extent, net outflows of $2.9 billion. Generally negative economic conditions and our overweight investment exposure to the financial services sector in particular contributed to the performance-related decline in our AUM. Our separately-managed and sub-advised accounts experienced net outflows of $1.7 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2008. These net outflows were driven in part by our investment strategies' underperformance relative to their respective benchmarks and client asset re-balancing in response to the volatile economic environment.

        The Company managed $6.4 billion in separately-managed accounts and $4.3 billion in sub-advised accounts, for a total of $10.7 billion in assets at December 31, 2008. Assets in separately-managed accounts decreased by $7.6 billion, or 54.3%, during the year ended December 31, 2008, due to $5.9 billion in market depreciation and $3.9 billion in gross outflows, offset by $2.2 billion in gross inflows. Assets in sub-advised funds decreased by $5.3 billion, or 55.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2008, as a result of $4.1 billion in market depreciation and $4.4 billion in gross outflows, offset by $3.2 billion in gross inflows.

        At December 31, 2008, separately-managed accounts represented 59.8% of our total AUM, as compared to 59.3% at December 31, 2007. AUM in our International Value and Global Value strategies, decreased by a total of $1.0 billion, or 32.3%, to $2.1 billion, at December 31, 2008 from $3.1 billion at December 31, 2007. At December 31, 2008, our International Value and Global Value investment strategies accounted for 19.6% of our AUM, as compared to 13.0% at December 31, 2007.

Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus December 31, 2006

        At December 31, 2007, the company managed $23.6 billion in total assets, a decrease of $3.7 billion, or 13.6%, from $27.3 billion at December 31, 2006. The decrease year-over-year in assets under management was due almost entirely to $3.6 billion in market depreciation, with net inflows of $1.5 billion into our separately-managed accounts largely offsetting net outflows of $1.6 billion from our sub-advised accounts. The performance-related decline in our AUM occurred primarily in the second half of 2007, as market conditions in general deteriorated and were particularly unfavorable to certain of our strategies' overweight positions in the financial services sector.

        The Company managed $14.0 billion in separately-managed accounts and $9.6 billion in sub-advised accounts, for a total of $23.6 billion in assets at December 31, 2007. Assets in separately-managed accounts decreased $0.5 billion, or 3.4%, to $14.0 billion at December 31, 2007 from $14.5 billion at December 31, 2006, due to $2.0 billion in market depreciation and $2.1 billion in gross outflows, offset by gross inflows of $3.6 billion. During the same period, assets in sub-advised accounts decreased $3.2 billion, or 25.0%, to $9.6 billion at December 31, 2007 from $12.8 billion at December 31, 2006, due to $1.6 billion in market depreciation and gross outflows of $5.9 billion, offset by gross inflows of $4.3 billion.

        At December 31, 2007, separately-managed accounts represented 59.3% of our total AUM, as compared to 53.1% at December 31, 2006. AUM in our International Value and Global Value strategies, increased by a total of $1.8 billion, or 138%, to $3.1 billion, at December 31, 2007 from $1.3 billion at December 31, 2006. At December 31, 2007, our International Value and Global Value investment strategies accounted for 13.1% of our AUM, as compared to 4.7% at December 31, 2006. In 2007, we re-opened all of our domestic strategies.

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Revenues

        Our revenues from advisory fees earned on our separately-managed accounts and our sub-advised accounts for the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 is described below:

 
  Year Ended December 31,  
Revenue
  2008   2007   2006  
 
  (in millions)
 

Separately-Managed Accounts

  $ 73.8   $ 99.8   $ 80.8  

Sub-Advised Accounts

    27.6     47.3     34.3  
               
 

Total

  $ 101.4   $ 147.1   $ 115.1  
               

Year Ended December 31, 2008 versus December 31, 2007

        Our total revenue decreased $45.7 million, or 31.1%, to $101.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, from $147.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This change was driven primarily by a reduction in weighted-average AUM, which decreased $10.2 billion, or 36.0%, to $18.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2008 from $28.3 billion from the year ended December 31, 2007.

        Our weighted average fees were 0.562% and 0.521% for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The increase in weighted average fees was primarily due to a shift in asset mix towards separately-managed accounts. Weighted-average assets in separately-managed accounts decreased $4.5 billion, or 29.0%, to $11.0 billion, for the year ended December 31, 2008 from $15.5 billion at December 31, 2007, and had weighted average fees of 0.669% and 0.647% for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Weighted-average assets in sub-advised accounts decreased $5.8 billion, or 45.3%, to $7.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2008 from $12.8 billion for the year ended December 31, 2007, and had weighted average fees of 0.393% and 0.369% for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

Years Ended December 31, 2007 versus December 31, 2006

        Our total revenue increased $32.0 million, or 27.8%, to $147.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $115.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This change was driven primarily by an increase in weighted-average AUM, which increased $6.2 billion, or 28.1%, to $28.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $22.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2006.

        Our weighted average fee was 0.521% for each of the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. Weighted-average assets in separately-managed accounts increased $3.1 billion, or 25.0%, to $15.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $12.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2006. Weighted average fees for separately managed accounts remained constant at 0.647% for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. Weighted-average assets in sub-advised accounts increased $3.1 billion, or 32.0%, to $12.8 billion for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $9.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2006, and had weighted average fees of 0.369% and 0.360% for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Expenses

        Our operating expenses are driven primarily by our compensation costs. The table below describes the components of our compensation expense for the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006. Much of the historical variability in our compensation costs had been driven by distributions made on our compensatory units then outstanding, and the incremental increases or decreases in their

47



redemption value subsequent to their grant date. As of March 31, 2007, these items are no longer reflected in compensation expense.

 
  For the Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2008   2007   2006  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Cash Compensation and Other Benefits

  $ 20,703   $ 33,924   $ 34,830  

Distributions on Compensatory Units

        12,087     17,857  

Change in Redemption Value of Compensatory Units

        15,969     20,411  

Change from Formula to Fair Value Plan for Compensatory Units

            232,534  

Acceleration of Vesting of Compensatory Units

        64,968      

Other Non-Cash Compensation

    4,952     2,753      
               
 

Total Compensation and Benefits Expense

  $ 25,655   $ 129,701   $ 305,632  
               

Year Ended December 31, 2008 versus December 31, 2007

        Total operating expenses decreased by $105.7 million, or 74.1%, to $37.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 from $142.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This decrease was primarily attributable to the $93.0 million in charges taken in 2007 associated with the distributions on, and change in redemption value of, the compensatory units of our operating company and the one-time charge associated with the acceleration, as of March 31, 2007, of the vesting of all such compensatory units then subject to vesting. As a result of changes to the operating company's Operating Agreement on March 31, 2007, these charges did not recur in 2008.

        Compensation and benefits expense decreased by $104.0 million, or 80.2%, to $25.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 from $129.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This decrease was primarily attributable to the $93.0 million in charges described above that were not replicated in 2008. Compensation and benefits expense also decreased due to a $13.2 million reduction in cash compensation, as we lowered our headcount and reduced our year-end bonus packages to reflect the adverse economic conditions in our business and industry in general. These decreases were, to a limited extent, offset by a $2.2 million increase in other non-cash compensation associated with annual option awards to our employees. Our employee count decreased from 78 at December 31, 2007 to 68 at December 31, 2008.

        General and administrative expenses decreased by $1.6 million, or 12.3%, to $11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 from $13.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This decrease was mainly attributable to the incurrence, in 2007, of $1.8 million in professional and outside services fees associated with our reorganization and initial public offering and data system enhancements that were not replicated in 2008. These decreases were offset modestly by an increase in facility related costs associated with the full-year impact of the lease of additional office space that began in 2007.

Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus December 31, 2006

        Total operating expenses decreased by $171.3 million, or 54.6%, to $142.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $314.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This decrease was primarily attributable to the one-time, $232.5 million compensation charge taken on December 31, 2006 arising as a result of the change in the method of calculating the redemption value of profits-only interests in our operating company from a formula-based amount to a fair value-based amount pursuant to an amendment and restatement of the operating agreement of our operating company on

48



December 31, 2006. The decrease arising from this charge was partially offset in 2007 by a $65.0 million one-time charge associated with the acceleration, as of March 31, 2007, of the vesting of all compensatory units of our operating company then subject to vesting.

        Compensation and benefits expense decreased by $175.9 million, or 57.6%, to $129.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $305.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This decrease was primarily attributable to the $167.5 million net difference in the one-time charges described above of $232.5 million and $65.0 million taken in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Compensation and benefits expense also decreased as a result of a $4.4 million decrease in the expense associated with the change in the redemption value of compensatory membership units outstanding, and a $5.8 million decrease in the compensatory distributions made to employees with respect to these units in the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the year ended December 31, 2006. This decrease was offset by a $2.8 million increase in other non-cash compensation associated with the vesting of all options granted in 2007, as well as cash costs associated with the hiring of additional employees across all functional areas of the company during the year ended December 31, 2007. Overall cash compensation expenses fell slightly in the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the year ended December 31, 2006 in part due to the approximately $4.4 million effect of the initial adoption on January 1, 2007 of the mandatory deferral provisions of the operating company's bonus plan. Our employee count increased from 65 at December 31, 2006 to 78 at December 31, 2007.

        General and administrative expenses increased by $4.6 million, or 54.8%, to $13.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was mainly attributable to a $2.6 million increase in professional and outside services fees associated with our reorganization and initial public offering, and a $0.7 million increase associated with more significant expenditures for information systems upgrades and data system enhancements commensurate with our growth. General office and facility related expenses also increased by $1.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily as a result of the increase in headcount and the lease of additional office space in 2007.

Other Income/(Expense)

Year Ended December 31, 2008 versus December 31, 2007

        Other income/(expense) was income of $35.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 and consisted primarily of $53.3 in income associated with the reduction in the liability to selling shareholders that occurred in conjunction with the tax valuation allowance taken on September 30, 2008. The Company also recognized approximately $2.9 million in income in the year ended December 31, 2008 related to the waiver, by its selling shareholders, of all payments due to them under the tax receivable agreement for the 2008 and 2009 tax years. As discussed further below, this liability represents 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that we realize as a result of the amortization of the increases in tax basis generated from the company's purchase of operating company units from its selling shareholders. Amounts waived by our selling shareholders reduce this liability. This income was partially offset by $18.2 million in losses related to the negative performance of our investments in our own products and $3.4 million in interest charges associated with the operating company's term loan and subordinated notes agreements. Other income/(expense) was an expense of $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, and consisted primarily of $3.5 million in expenses associated with losses related to the negative performance of our investments in our own products and $1.8 million in interest expense, offset by $3.1 million in interest, dividend and other income.

49


Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus December 31, 2006

        Other income/(expense) was an expense of $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, and consisted primarily of $3.5 million in losses related to the negative performance of our investments and $1.8 million in interest expense associated with the term loan agreement. These expenses were partially offset by $3.1 million in interest, dividend and other income. Other income/(expense) was income of $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and consisted of $3.3 million of income related to the positive performance of our investment in our own products and $2.8 million from net interest, dividend income, equity in earnings of affiliates, and other income.

Provision for Income Taxes

Year Ended December 31, 2008 versus December 31, 2007

        The provision for income taxes increased by $62.1 million, from $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 to $67.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, due to the establishment, in the third quarter, of a $62.7 million valuation allowance assessed against the deferred tax asset recorded as part of our initial public offering. A comparison of the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2008 to the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2007 is not meaningful due to the valuation allowance and the full year effect of our liability for C-corporation taxation in 2008.

Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus December 31, 2006

        The provision for income taxes increased by $1.7 million, or 43.6%, from $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, to $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, due to an increase in taxable income, as well as the partial year effect of our obligation to pay taxes applicable to C-corporations subsequent to the reorganization and our initial public offering. Our effective corporate tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2007, exclusive of our pro rata share of our operating company's provision for the New York City Unincorporated Business Tax, was approximately 44%. A comparison of the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2007 to the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 is not meaningful due to the partial year effect of our liability for C-corporation taxation, and the equity-based compensation charges of $65.0 million and $232.5 million taken in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Neither of these charges was deductible for tax purposes.

Non-Controlling Interests

Year Ended December 31, 2008 versus December 31, 2007

        Non-controlling interests were a charge of $36.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 and consisted of $45.9 million associated with our employees' and outside investors' full-year interest in the income of the operating company, offset by the $9.8 million effect of the absorption, by our consolidated subsidiaries, of their share of the losses of our consolidated investment partnerships. For the year ended December 31, 2007, non-controlling interests were a credit of $20.6 million and consisted primarily of our employees' and outside investors' exclusive interest in the $31.5 million loss of our operating company prior to the consummation of our reorganization on October 30, 2007, partially offset by their $12.5 million interest in the income of the operating company subsequent to that date. The change in non-controlling interests reflects primarily the losses incurred at the operating company in 2007 that were not replicated in 2008. This change also reflects, to a lesser extent, the impact to our non-controlling interests of the less favorable investment performance of the private investment vehicles we managed during the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to the year ended December 31, 2007.

50


Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus December 31, 2006

        Non-controlling interests were a credit of $20.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to a charge of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This change primarily reflects our employees' and outside investors' exclusive interest in the $31.5 million loss of our operating company prior to the consummation of our reorganization on October 30, 2007, partially offset by their $12.5 million interest in the income of the operating company subsequent to that date. This change also reflects, to a lesser extent, the impact to our non-controlling interests of the less favorable investment performance of the private investment vehicles we managed during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the year ended December 31, 2006.

Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units

Year Ended December 31, 2008 versus December 31, 2007

        There were no charges associated with interest on mandatorily redeemable units for the year ended December 31, 2008. As of March 31, 2007, the Operating Agreement of our operating company was amended to remove all mandatory redemption provisions related to our membership units. The removal of these provisions caused our membership units to be classified as equity, and neither distributions, nor subsequent changes to these units' value, were charged to income following the amendment.

Years Ended December 31, 2007 versus December 31, 2006

        Interest on mandatorily redeemable units decreased by $500.1 million to $16.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from $516.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The decrease was due to the amendment of the Operating Agreement of our operating company as of March 31, 2007 to remove all mandatory redemption provisions related to our membership units. The removal of these provisions caused our membership units to be classified as equity, and neither distributions, nor subsequent changes to these units' value, were charged to income following the amendment.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

        Historically, the working capital needs of our business have primarily been met through cash generated by our operations. Distributions to members of our operating company and loan amortization payments have been our largest use of cash from financing activities. Investing activities have historically been investments in our own investment strategies and, to a lesser extent, capital expenditures.

        At December 31, 2008, our cash and cash equivalents were $27.4 million, inclusive of $0.3 million in cash held by our consolidated investment partnerships. Advisory fees receivable were $13.6 million. We also had approximately $4.1 million in marketable equity securities, net of $8.1 million in non-controlling interests, and exclusive of approximately $1.8 million in investments set aside to satisfy our obligations under our deferred compensation program.

        We expect to fund the liquidity needs of our business in the next twelve months, and over the long term, primarily through cash generated from operations. As an investment management firm, our business has been materially affected by conditions in the global financial markets and economic conditions throughout the world. Our liquidity is highly dependent on the revenue and income from our operations, which is directly related to our levels of AUM. As of and for the year ended December 31, 2008, our AUM and revenues declined by 54.7% and 31.1%, respectively, compared with the year ended December 31, 2007. These reductions contributed to a 19.9% decline in our cash provided by operating activities during the same period. To the extent that our AUM continues to decline, the cash provided by operating activities may be negatively impacted.

51


        In determining the sufficiency of liquidity and capital resources to fund our business, we regularly monitor our liquidity position, including, among other things, cash, working capital, investments, long-term liabilities, lease commitments, debt obligations (including required amortization payments), and operating company distributions. Further, we consider compensation, one of our largest expenses, as sufficiently variable such that it can be adjusted to mitigate the decline in revenue we have experienced, and may continue to experience in the next twelve months. We continuously evaluate our staffing requirements and compensation levels with reference to our own liquidity position and external peer benchmarking data. The result of this review directly influences management's recommendations to our board of directors with respect to such staffing and compensation levels. During the fourth quarter of 2008, we reduced our year-end compensation packages and lowered headcount by approximately 10%, as we took steps to reduce our overall cost structure.

        We anticipate that tax allocations to the members of our operating company, which consisted of 26 of our employees as of December 31, 2008, two outside investors, one former employee and us, will continue to be a material financing activity. Under the terms and conditions of our amended credit agreement and Senior Subordinated Notes, we have suspended our dividend payment to shareholders. Cash distributions to operating company members for partnership tax allocations are expected to decline as the taxable income of the operating company decreases.

        As discussed further below, on October 28, 2008, our operating company entered into a third amendment to its credit agreement and issued $16.0 million in senior subordinated notes to entities established by Richard S. Pzena, the Company's CEO, for the benefit of certain of his family members, an entity controlled by a company director and a former employee. The proceeds of the notes and $9.0 million of cash reserves were used to reduce the principal amounts outstanding under the credit agreement. The amendment to the credit agreement, among other things, eliminated all financial covenants and the excess cash flow sweep, and reduced availability under the revolving credit facility from $3.0 million to $1.8 million. It also requires us to make mandatory quarterly principal repayments of $2.0 million and precludes us from paying dividends to shareholders. As of December 31, 2008, we had $22.0 million and $16.0 million outstanding under the credit agreement and the senior subordinated notes, respectively. Although we are comfortable with our current capital structure, in the current economic environment, it is uncertain whether additional or alternative sources of debt or equity financing would be available on acceptable terms. We have never drawn on our current revolving credit facility for liquidity needs and do not anticipate needing to draw on such a facility in the future.

        We do not anticipate meaningful outlays for internal investment or capital expenditures over the next twelve months.

        We believe that the amendment of our credit agreement, elimination of the dividend, reductions in headcount and ability to vary cash compensation levels have provided us with an appropriate degree of flexibility in providing for our liquidity needs.

Dividend Policy

        We are a holding company and have no material assets other than our ownership of membership interests in our operating company. As a result, we depend upon distributions from our operating company to pay any dividends that our board of directors may declare to be paid to our Class A common stockhoders, if any. When and if our board of directors declares any such dividends, we then cause our operating company to make distributions to us in an amount sufficient to cover the amount of the dividends declared. We may not pay dividends to our Class A common stockholders in amounts that have been paid to them in the past, or at all, if, among other things, we do not have the cash necessary to pay our intended dividends or any of our financing facilities or other agreements restrict us from doing so. Pursuant to restrictions set forth in our amended credit agreement and the senior subordinated notes as of October 28, 2008, we have suspended previous quarterly cash dividend payments to our Class A common stockholders. In the future, our board of directors may, in its

52



discretion and subject to the Company's operating results, debt agreements and applicable law, reinstate the dividend at an amount to be determined by it. To the extent we do not have cash on hand sufficient to pay dividends in the future, we may decide not to pay dividends. By paying cash dividends rather than investing that cash in our future growth, we risk slowing the pace of our growth, or not having a sufficient amount of cash to fund our operations or unanticipated capital expenditures, should the need arise.

Credit Agreement

        On July 23, 2007, our operating company borrowed $60.0 million pursuant to a three-year term loan facility (the "Credit Agreement"), the proceeds of which were used to finance a special one-time distribution to the members of our operating company as of that date. Concurrently, our operating company also obtained a $20.0 million revolving Credit facility to finance our short-term working capital needs. We refer to the term loan and revolving loan facilities as our Credit Agreement. On February 11, 2008, our operating company entered into the first amendment to the Credit Agreement. The amendment changed a number of Credit Agreement provisions, including: (i) the minimum AUM financial covenant was reduced from $20.0 billion to $15.0 billion; (ii) the minimum Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization, or EBITDA, financial covenant for each four quarter period was reduced from $60.0 million to $40.0 million; (iii) the capacity of the revolving credit facility was reduced from $20.0 million to $5.0 million; and (iv) the interest rate was increased from LIBOR plus 1.0% to LIBOR plus 1.5%. In addition, two mandatory prepayment provisions were added: (a) term loan amortization was required beginning in any period when AUM was less than $20 billion and ending when AUM was greater than $21.5 billion, and (b) a 50% excess cash flow sweep was required if AUM was below $17.5 billion. During the three months ended June 30, 2008, our assets under management fell below $20 billion. Pursuant to the provisions of the term loan, as amended, our operating company was required to make an amortization payment of $3.0 million on June 30, 2008.

        On September 19, 2008, our operating company entered into Amendment No. 2 to its Credit Agreement. The agreement, as amended, required the operating company to maintain assets under management of at least $12.0 billion and to make minimum quarterly amortization payments of $2.0 million until maturity, which was extended to July 23, 2011. Additionally, the LIBOR interest rate option was increased to LIBOR plus 1.75% and the EBITDA financial covenant stipulated in Amendment No.1 was eliminated. The excess cash flow sweep was also increased to 75% of excess cash flow. On September 22, 2008, our operating company made a required amortization payment of $5.0 million as a condition precedent to the effectiveness of this amendment. On September 30, 2008, our operating company made a quarterly amortization payment of $5.0 million.

        On October 28, 2008, our operating company entered into Amendment No. 3 to its Credit Agreement. This amendment provided for the following changes to the Credit Agreement, among others:

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        Conditions precedent to the execution of Amendment No.3 included, among others, (i) the repayment by the operating company of $25.0 million of the $47.0 million principal amount outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of October 28, 2008, and (ii) the grant by the operating company and one of its subsidiaries of a security interest in their accounts receivable.

        In order to fund the $25.0 million repayment by our operating company, we used $9.0 million in cash reserves and the proceeds from the issuance on October 28, 2008 of an aggregate of $16.0 million principal amount of Senior Subordinated Notes (collectively, the "Notes") to entities established by Richard Pzena, our Company's Chief Executive Officer, for the benefit of certain of his family members, an entity controlled by a Company director, and a former employee of our operating company. Each of these Notes is unsecured, has a ten-year maturity and bears interest at 6.30% per annum. The provisions of the Notes include a restricted payments covenant (including dividend payments), a prohibition on incurring indebtedness which is not subordinated to the Notes, and events of default based on failure to make payments, bankruptcy, change of control and acceleration of material indebtedness. In addition, the Notes are subordinated to the repayment in full of the loans under the Credit Agreement.

Tax Receivable Agreement

        Our purchase of membership units of our operating company concurrently with our initial public offering, and the future exchanges by holders of Class B units of our operating company for shares of our Class A common stock (pursuant to the exchange rights provided for in the Operating Company's operating agreement), has resulted in, and are expected to continue to result in, increases in our share of the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of our operating company at the time of our acquisition and these future exchanges, which will increase the tax depreciation and amortization deductions that otherwise would not have been available to us. These increases in tax basis and tax depreciation and amortization deductions have reduced and are expected to continue to reduce, the amount of tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future. We have entered into a tax receivable agreement with the current members of our operating company, the one member of our operating company immediately prior to our initial public offering who sold all of its membership units to us in connection with our initial public offering, and any future holders of Class B units, that requires us to pay them 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that we actually realize (or are deemed to realize in the case of an early termination payment by us, or a change in control, as described in the tax receivable agreement) as a result of the increases in tax basis described above and certain other tax benefits related to entering into the tax receivable agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the tax receivable agreement.

        In October 2008, the selling unitholders agreed to waive any payments that we are or will be required to make to them for the 2008 and 2009 tax years pursuant to the tax receivable agreement.

Cash Flows

        Operating activities provided $64.8 million and $80.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. This decline in cash flows from operating activities was driven primarily by a decrease in average AUM from $28.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2007, to $18.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2008, which had a corresponding negative impact on total revenues. This decline was partially offset by the full-year impact of the reclassification of cash flows associated with the removal of the mandatory redemption provisions of the operating company's operating agreement noted below. Overall cash compensation declined in 2008 as we reduced our year-end compensation packages and lowered headcount by approximately 10% to reduce our overall cost structure.

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        Operating activities provided $80.9 million and $16.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. This change is due primarily to the fact that beginning on March 31, 2007, the effective date of an amendment to the operating agreement of our operating company to eliminate its obligation to redeem a member's units therein under any circumstance, as well as the acceleration of the vesting of all compensatory units then subject to vesting, distributions on all membership units are classified as financing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. As a result of this reclassification, net cash provided by operating activities has increased, and net cash provided by financing activities has decreased during the period from March 31 to December 31, 2007. Overall cash compensation fell slightly in the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the year ended December 31, 2006, in part due to the approximately $4.4 million effect of the initial adoption on January 1, 2007 of the mandatory deferral provisions of our operating company's bonus plan.

        Investing activities consist primarily of investments in affiliates and other investment partnerships, as well as capital expenditures. Investing activities used $0.1 million and $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. This change was largely a result of capital expenditures undertaken in 2007 that were not replicated in 2008.

        Investing activities used $1.4 million for the year ended December 2007 and provided $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This change was driven primarily by capital expenditures associated with the build out of additional space in our New York office.

        Financing activities consist primarily of borrowing arrangements and contributions from, and distributions to, non-controlling interests. Financing activities used $64.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 and used $75.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The decrease in cash used in financing activities is due primarily to a reduction in distributions to non-controlling interests associated with reduced operating company income and a suspension of our dividend payments. This decrease was offset by $22.0 million in repayments on our debt and the full year effect of the reclassification of cash flows associated with the removal of the mandatory redemption provisions of the operating company's operating agreement noted above.

        Financing activities used $75.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 and provided $6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in cash used in financing activities is due primarily to the fact that the amendment to the operating agreement of our operating company, as explained above, reclassifies distributions on all membership units as financing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows subsequent to March 31, 2007.

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Contractual Obligations

        The following table sets forth information regarding our consolidated contractual obligations as of December 31, 2008.

 
  Payments Due by Period  
 
  Total   Less Than 1 Year   1-3 Years   3-5 Years   More Than 5 Years  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Operating Lease

  $ 14,033   $ 1,949   $ 4,039   $ 4,198   $ 3,847  

Term Loan

    22,000     8,000     14,000          

Senior Subordinated Debt To Related Parties

    16,000                 16,000  

Interest Payments

    11,061     1,649     2,523     2,016     4,872  
                       
 

Total

  $ 63,094   $ 11,598   $ 20,562   $ 6,214   $ 24,719  
                       

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

        We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2008.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

        The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under current circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

        Accounting policies are an integral part of our financial statements. A thorough understanding of these accounting policies is essential when reviewing our reported results of operations and our financial condition. Management believes that the critical accounting policies discussed below involve additional management judgment due to the sensitivity of the methods and assumptions used.

Unit-based Compensation

        On January 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment ("FAS 123(R)"), which requires the recognition of the cost of equity-based compensation based on the fair value of the award as of its grant date. Prior to the adoption of FAS 123(R), we accounted for our unit-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees ("APB 25"), and related interpretations. The adoption of FAS 123(R) did not have a material effect on the results of operations or financial condition of the Company. Pursuant to FAS 123(R), we recognize compensation expense associated with the granting of equity-based compensation based on the fair value of the award as of its grant date if it is classified as an equity instrument, and on the changes in settlement amount for awards that are classified as liabilities. Prior to March 31, 2007, our compensatory membership unit-based awards had repurchase features that required us to classify them as liabilities. Accordingly, distributions paid on these membership units were classified as compensation expense. In addition, changes to their redemption values subsequent to their grant dates have been included in compensation expense. As of March 31, 2007, we accelerated the vesting of all compensatory units then subject to vesting. The one-time charge associated with this acceleration, approximately $65.0 million, was recorded on March 31, 2007. Our Operating Agreement was further amended as of March 31, 2007, such that our operating company will no longer be required to redeem any membership units for cash

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upon a member's termination or death. Accordingly, beginning with our interim financial statements for the three months ended June 30, 2007, our operating company is no longer required to include in compensation expense the distributions in respect of these membership units or the change in their redemption value.

Consolidation

        Our policy is to consolidate all majority-owned subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest and variable-interest entities where we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. We also consolidate non-variable-interest entities which we control as the general partner or managing member. We assess our consolidation practices regularly, as circumstances dictate. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated.

        Investments in private investment partnerships in which we have a minority interest and exercise significant influence are accounted for using the equity method. Such investments, if any, are reflected on the consolidated statements of financial condition as investments in affiliates and are recorded at the amount of capital reported by the respective private investment partnerships. Such capital accounts reflect the contributions paid to, distributions received from, and the equity earnings of, the private investment partnerships. The earnings of these private investment partnerships are included in equity in earnings of affiliates in the consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

        We are a "C" corporation under the Internal Revenue Code, and thus liable for federal, state and local taxes on the income derived from our economic interest in our operating company. The operating company is a limited liability company that has elected to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes. Our operating company has not made a provision for federal or state income taxes because it is the responsibility of each of the operating company's members (including us) to separately report their proportionate share of the operating company's taxable income or loss. Similarly, the income of our consolidated investment partnerships is not subject to income taxes, as such income is allocated to each partnership's individual partners. The operating company has made a provision for New York City UBT.

        We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits. A valuation allowance is maintained for deferred tax assets that we estimate are more likely than not to be unrealizable based on available evidence at the time the estimate is made. Determining the valuation allowance requires significant management judgments and assumptions. In determining the valuation allowance, we use historical and forecasted future operating results, based upon approved business plans, including a review of the eligible carryforward periods, tax planning opportunities and other relevant considerations. Each quarter, we reevaluate our estimate related to the valuation allowance, including our assumptions about future profitability.

        We believe that the accounting estimate related to the $62.7 million valuation allowance, assessed in 2008 against the deferred tax asset recorded in 2007 as part of our initial public offering, is a critical accounting estimate because the underlying assumptions can change from period to period. For example, tax law changes or variances in future projected operating performance could result in a change in the valuation allowance. If we were not able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to our deferred tax assets valuation allowance would be charged to income tax expense in the period such determination was made.

        Management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, evaluating our tax positions and establishing deferred tax assets and liabilities. The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. If our estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to earnings would result.

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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

        We adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements ("FAS 157"), on January 1, 2008. Our fair value measurements relate to our interest rate swap, as well as our investments in marketable securities and securities sold short, which are primarily exchange-traded securities with quoted prices in active markets. The fair value measurements of the securities have been classified as Level 1. The fair value measurement of the interest rate swap has been classified as Level 2, based upon the market prices for interest rate swaps with similar provisions and forward interest rate curves.

        In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("FAS 159"). FAS 159 permits an entity to elect to measure certain financial instruments and certain other items at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. FAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Since we chose not to elect this fair value option, the impact of the adoption of this statement was not material.

        In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations ("FAS 141R") which replaces Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141, Business Combinations. FAS 141R establishes the principles and requirements for how an acquirer: (i) recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree; (ii) recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase; and (iii) discloses the business combination. This Statement applies to all transactions in which an entity obtains control of one or more businesses, including transactions that occur without the transfer of any type of consideration. FAS 141R is effective for us on a prospective basis for all business combinations on or after January 1, 2009, with the exception of the accounting for valuation allowances on deferred taxes and acquired tax contingencies. The adoption of FAS 141R on January 1, 2009 will apply to future acquisitions, and its impact will depend on the nature and volume of those transactions.

        In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51 ("FAS 160"). FAS 160 amends ARB No. 51 and establishes accounting and reporting standards that require non-controlling interests (previously referred to as minority interest) to be reported as a component of equity, changes in a parent's ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling interest be accounted for as equity transactions, and upon a loss of control, retained ownership interest will be remeasured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. FAS 160 is effective for us on January 1, 2009, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, which will be applied retrospectively. The adoption of FAS 160 will only impact the Company's presentation of its consolidated financial statements.

        In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("FAS 161"). FAS 161 is intended to improve financial reporting about derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosures to enable investors to better understand their effects on an entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. It is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. As FAS 161 only affects financial statement disclosure, the impact of the adoption will be limited to financial statement disclosure.

        In June 2008, the FASB issued EITF 03-6-1, "Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities". The EITF release states that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and shall be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. EITF 03-6-1 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those years. The adoption of EITF 03-6-1 on January 1, 2009 will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risk

        Our exposure to market risk is directly related to our role as investment adviser for the separate accounts we manage and the funds for which we act as sub-investment adviser. As noted in Item 1A, "Risk Factors," global markets have continued to experience unprecedented volatility, and a challenging business climate is forecast for the foreseeable future. Market conditions have resulted in a significant reduction in our assets under management, which directly impacts our revenues and net income. A continued economic downturn and volatility in the global financial markets could also significantly affect the estimates, judgments, and assumptions used in the valuation of our financial instruments.

        All of our revenue for the three years ended December 31, 2008 was derived from advisory fees, which are typically based on the market value of AUM, which can be affected by adverse changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange and equity prices. Accordingly, a decline in the prices of securities would cause our revenue and income to decline due to a decrease in the value of the assets we manage. In addition, such a decline could cause our clients to withdraw their funds in favor of investments offering higher returns or lower risk, which would cause our revenue and income to decline further.

        We are also subject to market risk due to a decline in the value of the holdings of our consolidated subsidiaries, which consist primarily of marketable securities. At December 31, 2008, the fair value of these assets was $14.0 million. Assuming a 10% increase or decrease, the fair value would increase or decrease by $1.4 million at December 31, 2008.

Interest Rate Risk

        The amounts that our operating company borrowed pursuant to the Credit Agreement, and any amounts our operating company borrows under the related revolving credit facility, will accrue interest at variable rates. The operating company entered into an interest rate swap agreement that commenced on July 23, 2008. The swap, which expires on July 23, 2010, obligates us to pay a 2.825% fixed rate of interest on the notional amount and requires the counterparty to pay us a floating interest rate based on the monthly LIBOR interest rate. The spread on the Credit Agreement is in addition to these amounts. Interest rate changes may, therefore, affect the amount of our interest payments related to any potential differential between the notional amount of the interest rate swap and amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, as well as any amounts borrowed under the revolving credit facility. Such changes would correspondingly affect our future earnings and cash flows. In addition, we have not entered any arrangement to hedge our exposure to interest rates from July 23, 2010 to July 23, 2011. For this one year period, interest rate changes would affect our future earnings and cash flows. Based on the consolidated debt obligations that we have as of December 31, 2008, we believe that our hedge would be unaffected in the event that interest rates were to increase by one percentage point.

ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

        Our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto begin on page F-1 of this Annual Report and are incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

        In March 2007, our operating company engaged Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, to audit its consolidated financial statements beginning with the year ended December 31, 2006. The decision to engage Ernst & Young LLP was approved by its Executive Committee. During the year ended December 31, 2006, and for the period from January 1, 2007 to March 26, 2007, our operating company did not consult with Ernst & Young LLP regarding the

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application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on its consolidated financial statements.

        There were no "disagreements" or "reportable events" as that term is used in Item 304 of Regulation S-K, with Ernst & Young LLP on any matter of accounting principle, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.

ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

        During the course of their review of our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2008, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2008. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2008, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

        Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurances with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal controls may vary over time.

        Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, has assessed the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth in the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework.

        Based on the assessment using those criteria, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2008, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

        Our independent registered public accounting firm audited the financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K and have issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting. This report appears on page F-3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

        There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2008 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION

        There was no information that we were required to disclose in a current report on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 that was not so disclosed.

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PART III.

ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

        The following table provides certain information relating to our directors and executive officers. All of our executive officers were appointed to their positions effective June 2007, with the exceptions of Richard S. Pzena and Wayne A. Palladino, both of whom were appointed in May 2007. Our executive officers are subject to re-appointment by our Board of Directors on an annual basis. All of our directors were appointed to their positions effective October 2007, other than Richard S. Pzena, who was appointed in May 2007, and Ronald W. Tysoe, who was appointed in December 2008.

Name   Age   Position
Richard S. Pzena     50   Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Co-Chief Investment Officer
John P. Goetz     51   President, Co-Chief Investment Officer
A. Rama Krishna     45   President, International
William L. Lipsey     50   President, Marketing and Client Service
Wayne A. Palladino     50   Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer
Steven M. Galbraith     46   Director
Joel M. Greenblatt     51   Director
Richard P. Meyerowich     66   Director
Ronald W. Tysoe     55   Director

        Richard S. Pzena is our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Co-Chief Investment Officer. Prior to forming Pzena Investment Management, LLC in 1995, Mr. Pzena was the Director of U.S. Equity Investments and Chief Research Officer for Sanford C. Bernstein & Company. Mr. Pzena joined Sanford C. Bernstein & Company in 1986 as an oil industry analyst and was named to the Institutional Investor All America Research Team from 1988 to 1990. During 1990 and 1991, Mr. Pzena served as Chief Investment Officer, Small Cap Equities, and assumed his broader domestic equity role in 1991. Prior to joining Bernstein, Mr. Pzena worked for the Amoco Corporation in various financial and planning roles. He earned a B.S. summa cum laude and an M.B.A. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979 and 1980, respectively.

        John P. Goetz is our President, Co-Chief Investment Officer. Mr. Goetz joined us in 1996 as Director of Research and has been Co-Chief Investment Officer since 2005. Previously, Mr. Goetz held a range of key positions at Amoco Corporation for over 14 years, most recently as the Global Business Manager for Amoco's $1 billion polypropylene business, where he had bottom-line responsibility for operations and development worldwide. Prior positions at Amoco included strategic planning, joint venture investments and project financing in various oil and chemical businesses. Prior to joining Amoco, Mr. Goetz had been employed by The Northern Trust Company and Bank of America. He earned a B.A. summa cum laude in Mathematics and Economics from Wheaton College in 1979 and an M.B.A. from the Kellogg School at Northwestern University in 1982.

        A. Rama Krishna is our President, International. Prior to joining us in 2003, Mr. Krishna was at Citigroup Asset Management, where he was Chief Investment Officer and Head—Institutional and International, and a member of the Citigroup Management Committee. Prior to Citigroup, Mr. Krishna was Director of International Equity Research, Portfolio Manager, International Equities and Chief Investment Officer, Emerging Markets Equities at Alliance Capital Management in New York, London and Tokyo. He has also worked at Credit Suisse First Boston, first as an Equity Research Analyst and ultimately as Chief Investment Strategies and Director—Equity Research. Mr. Krishna earned a joint M.B.A./M.A. in Asian Studies with a Japan Specialization from the University of Michigan in 1987 and a B.A. (Honors) in Economics from St. Stephen's College, The University of Delhi in 1984. Mr. Krishna received the Prize Fellowship in Japanese Business and the University Fellowship at the University of Michigan. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst.

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        William L. Lipsey is our President, Marketing and Client Service. Before joining Pzena Investment Management in 1997, Mr. Lipsey was an Investment Advisory Consultant and a Senior Vice President at Oppenheimer & Company, Inc. Prior to joining Oppenheimer, Mr. Lipsey's career included positions at Morgan Stanley, Kidder Peabody and Hewitt Associates. At Morgan Stanley and Kidder Peabody, Mr. Lipsey managed assets for institutional and private clients. He earned a B.S. in Economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1980 and an M.B.A. in Finance from the University of Chicago in 1986.

        Wayne A. Palladino is our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer. Mr. Palladino was appointed our Chief Financial Officer in May 2007. Since 2002, he has served as our Head of Client Service. Prior to joining us in 2002, Mr. Palladino was Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at the Lillian Vernon Corporation, a publicly-traded company, from 2000 to 2002. From 1991 to 2000, Mr. Palladino was Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Transworld Healthcare, Inc. (now known as Allied Healthcare International Inc.), also a publicly-traded company. He is currently a director of Allied Healthcare International Inc. He earned a B.S. in Economics and an M.B.A. in Finance with distinction from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1980 and 1983, respectively.

        Steven M. Galbraith currently serves as a member of our board of directors. Mr. Galbraith has been a partner of Maverick Capital, an investment management firm at which he has portfolio management responsibilities, since January 2004. Prior to joining Maverick Capital, Mr. Galbraith served as Chief Investment Officer and Chief U.S. Investment Strategist at Morgan Stanley from June 2000 to December 2003. Prior to joining Morgan Stanley, he was a partner at Sanford Bernstein, where he was an analyst in the packaged foods sector and the securities industry. Mr. Galbraith was also an employee of our operating company from June 1998 to March 1999. Mr. Galbraith is an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University Business School where he teaches securities analysis. He also serves on the Board of Trustees for the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia. Mr. Galbraith received his B.A. (summa cum laude) from Tufts University, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.

        Joel M. Greenblatt currently serves as a member of our board of directors. Mr. Greenblatt has been a Managing Partner of Gotham Capital, a hedge fund that he founded, since 1985, and of Gotham Asset Management since 2002. For the past ten years, he has been an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University Business School where he teaches Value and Special Situation Investing. Mr. Greenblatt is the former Chairman of the Board of Alliant Techsystems, a NYSE-listed aerospace and defense company. He is the chairman of Harlem Success Academy, a charter school in New York City. He is the author of two books, You Can Be A Stock Market Genius (Simon & Schuster, 1997) and The Little Book That Beats The Market (John Wiley & Sons, 2005). Mr. Greenblatt earned a B.S. and an M.B.A. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979 and 1980, respectively.

        Richard P. Meyerowich currently serves as a member of our board of directors. Mr. Meyerowich worked in the New York office of Deloitte & Touche LLP from 1966 to 2005, including as a Senior Partner from 1978 to 2005. Mr. Meyerowich headed the National Investment Management Practice for over ten years and served as lead partner on major investment management entities, including SEC-registered mutual funds, unit investment funds, hedge funds, investment partnerships, separate accounts of insurance companies and commodity pools. He served two terms on the Investment Companies Committee of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Since 2005, he has been an external consultant for Deloitte & Touche on quality control and technical advice. Mr. Meyerowich earned a B.S. in Economics from Wagner College in 1965.

        Ronald W. Tysoe currently serves as a member of our board of directors. Mr. Tysoe served as a senior advisor at Perella Weinberg Partners LP, a boutique investment banking firm in New York, from October 2006 through September 2007. Prior to that he was vice chairman, finance and real estate, of Federated Department Stores, Inc. (now Macy's, Inc.), a position he held since April of 1990. He

62



served as chief financial officer of Federated from 1990 to 1997, and served on the Federated board of directors from 1988 until May of 2005. Mr. Tysoe is a member of the board of directors of Cintas Corporation, a publicly-traded uniform rental and supply company, where he serves as a member of the audit and corporate governance committees. He is also a member of the board of directors of Taubman Centers, Inc., a publicly-traded real estate investment trust, where he serves as a member of the audit committee and executive committee. Mr. Tysoe is a member of the board of directors of Scripps Networks Interactive, Inc., a publicly-traded media and broadcasting enterprise, where he serves as chairman of the audit committee and as a member of the compensation committee. He is also a member of the board of directors of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, a publicly-traded commercial banking company, and serves as chairman of its audit committee. In addition he is a director and member of the audit committee of NRDC Acquisition Corp., a publicly-traded special purpose acquisition corporation (SPAC) listed on the NYSE Alternext market (formerly the American Stock Exchange). Mr. Tysoe earned Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Law degrees from the University of British Columbia in 1977 and 1978, respectively.

        There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Board Composition

        Our board of directors currently consists of five directors. We have determined that each of Messrs. Galbraith, Meyerowich and Tysoe is an "independent" director within the meaning of the applicable rules of the SEC and the NYSE.

        Our bylaws provide that our board of directors will consist of five directors, or such number of directors as fixed by our board of directors from time to time. Our directors are elected for one-year terms and will continue to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until such director's earlier death, resignation or removal.

Board Committees

        Although we would qualify for the "controlled company" exemption from certain of the corporate governance rules of the NYSE, our board of directors has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, each consisting solely of independent directors, and our board of directors has adopted charters for its committees that comply with the NYSE and SEC rules relating to corporate governance matters. We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, and a Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers. Copies of the committee charters, as well as our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers, are available on our website at www.pzena.com and are also available in print, free of charge, upon request to Investor Relations.

        To date, the Company's independent directors have not chosen an individual director to preside at each executive session of the non-management directors, but rather make the determination at each executive session on an ad-hoc basis.

        In order to communicate any concerns with our non-management directors, please send comments to the attention of our Corporate Secretary, Joan F. Berger, at our primary offices located at 120 West 45th Street, 20th Floor, New York, New York 10036. All appropriate correspondence will be forwarded to our non-management directors.

63


Audit Committee

        Our Audit Committee assists our board of directors in its oversight of the integrity of our consolidated financial statements, our independent registered public accounting firm's qualifications and independence, and the performance of our independent registered public accounting firm.

        Our Audit Committee's responsibilities include, among others:

        Messrs. Galbraith, Meyerowich and Tysoe currently serve on the Audit Committee and Mr. Meyerowich serves as its chair. Our board of directors has determined that each of Messrs. Meyerowich and Tysoe are an "audit committee financial expert" as such term is defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

        In addition to serving on our Audit Committee, Mr. Tysoe serves on the audit committees of five other public companies. Our board of directors has determined that such simultaneous service does not impair Mr. Tysoe's ability to effectively serve on our Audit Committee.

Compensation Committee

        Our Compensation Committee assists our board of directors in the discharge of its responsibilities relating to the compensation of our executive officers.

        Our Compensation Committee's responsibilities include:

        Messrs. Galbraith, Meyerowich and Tysoe currently serve on the Compensation Committee and Mr. Galbraith serves as its chair.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

        Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee assists our board of directors by:

64


        Messrs. Galbraith, Meyerowich and Tysoe currently serve on the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Mr. Tysoe serves as its chair.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

        Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors and officers, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities, to file with the SEC and NYSE reports of ownership on Form 3 and changes in ownership (including changes in ownership of derivative securities representing the right to acquire our securities) on Forms 4 and 5. Such executive officers, directors and greater than 10% shareholders are required by SEC rules to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

        Based on a review of such reports, we believe that all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to our directors, executive officers and greater than 10% shareholders were complied with in respect of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, except that (i) the issuance, on January 1, 2008, of 30,000 options to acquire Class B units to Mr. Palladino, pursuant to the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, was reported late on January 17, 2008; (ii) the disposition of 2,778 shares of the Company's Class A common stock to the Company, by Mr. Ullman, in connection with his resignation as director of the Company on December 11, 2008, was reported late on December 19, 2008; and (iii) the purchase of 165,000 shares of the Company's Class A common stock by Pennant Capital Management, LLC on December 31, 2007, was reported late on February 21, 2008.

65


ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Overview

        The Compensation Committee of the board of directors is responsible for determining executive officer compensation. The Compensation Committee is comprised entirely of members who are qualified to serve on the Committee pursuant to the requirements of the NYSE. Members of the Compensation Committee additionally qualify as "non-employee directors" within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and "outside directors" within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

        Prior to December 11, 2008, the Compensation Committee consisted of board members Galbraith, Meyerowich and Ullman. Beginning December 11, 2008, Mr. Tysoe replaced Mr. Ullman on the Board of Directors of the Company and on the Compensation Committee. In this regard, on December 11, 2008, Mr. Ullman resigned from the Board of Directors of the Company as a result of his appointment to the Board of Directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.

        None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee, or other committee serving an equivalent function, of any entity that has one or more of its executive officers serving as a member of our board of directors or our Compensation Committee.

Compensation Committee Report

        The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis set forth below, and based upon such review and discussions, the Compensation Committee recommended to our board of directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Annual Report. Each of Messrs. Galbraith, Meyerowich and Tysoe approved such inclusion in this report.

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

        This section of the Annual Report summarizes the principles underlying our policies relating to our executive officers' compensation. It generally describes the manner and context in which compensation is earned by, and awarded to, our executive officers and provides perspective on the tables and narratives that follow.

        Our compensation philosophy relies heavily on performance-based cash compensation and equity compensation. The total compensation package is designed to reward past performance and encourage future contributions to achieving the company's strategic goals and enhancing stockholder value.

        We emphasize incentive compensation in our overall compensation package for our executive officers. Our long-term incentive program uses a combination of restricted stock, units and options.

        Our compensation program for our executive officers is designed to meet the following objectives:

66


        We have established compensation practices that directly link compensation with our performance, as described below. These practices apply to all of our professionals, including our named executive officers, Messrs. Pzena, Goetz, Krishna, Lipsey and Palladino. Ultimately, ownership in our operating company is the primary tool that we use to attract and retain professionals, including the named executive officers. As of March 3, 2009, our employees held 73.4% of the ownership interests in our operating company, the substantial majority of which is held by the four members of the Executive Committee of our operating company, Messrs. Pzena, Goetz, Krishna and Lipsey, together with their estate planning vehicles.

        We provide the following elements of compensation to our named executive officers:

        The Compensation Committee has not adopted any formal or informal policies or guidelines for allocating compensation between currently paid out and long-term compensation, between cash and non-cash compensation, or among different forms of non-cash compensation. In order to attract and retain qualified personnel, all compensation and benefits packages, including those of our named executive officers, are generally benchmarked against relevant industry and geographic peer groups.

        It is customary in the investment management industry to provide for base salaries and discretionary bonuses to be paid to executives upon whom the company relies for its success. Cash compensation in the form of a fixed base salary and discretionary cash bonuses constitute only a portion of the compensation that we pay our named executive officers.

67


68


Executive Employment Agreements

        We determined that it was in the best interests of our stockholders and the owners of our operating company to enter into employment agreements with the four members of the Executive Committee, collectively referred to herein as the managing principals.

        On October 30, 2007 we entered into employment agreements with each of Messrs. Pzena, Goetz, Krishna and Lipsey. Pursuant to the terms of the individual employment agreements, (i) Mr. Pzena serves as our Chief Executive Officer, Co-Chief Investment Officer; (ii) Mr. Goetz serves as our President, Co-Chief Investment Officer; (iii) Mr. Krishna serves as our President, International; and (iv) Mr. Lipsey serves as our President, Marketing and Client Service. Each of Messrs. Pzena, Goetz, Krishna and Lipsey will serve for an initial term of three years, subject to automatic, successive one-year extensions thereafter unless either party gives the other 60 days prior notice that the term will not be extended. Each agreement provides for: (i) an annual base salary of $300,000, and (ii) an annual bonus, the amount of which will be determined by our Compensation Committee, subject to a maximum annual bonus of $2,700,000 each for each of the three years of the employment agreement. These annual bonuses are subject to the provisions of our Bonus Plan further described under Item 12 below. We have not entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Palladino, our chief financial officer.

        The following is a description of certain restrictive covenants by which Messrs. Pzena, Goetz, Krishna and Lipsey, as well as other employee members, have agreed to be bound.

        Pursuant to the terms of the amended and restated operating agreement of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, all employees who are members of Pzena Investment Management, LLC have agreed not to compete with us during the term of their employment with us. In addition, each of Messrs. Pzena, Goetz and Lipsey have agreed not to compete with us for a period of three years following the termination of his employment. Mr. Krishna has agreed not to compete with us for a period of 18 months following (i) his notice of resignation, which must be given six months prior to the termination of his employment with us pursuant to his agreement, or (ii) the date of any other termination of his employment with us. Other employee members of Pzena Investment Management, LLC have agreed not to compete with us for a period of up to six months following the termination of his or her employment, if the employee member and his or her permitted transferees collectively hold at that time more than 1% of all the Class B units outstanding and if he or she continues to receive compensation during this non-competition period.

69


        The managing principals have agreed not to solicit our clients or any other employees of Pzena Investment Management, LLC during the term of their employment and for three years thereafter. Other employee members of Pzena Investment Management, LLC are subject to similar non-solicitation provisions during the term of their employment and 18 months thereafter.

        Unless otherwise determined by our board of directors, in its sole discretion, or previously agreed to by the employee member, his or her permitted transferees and us:

70


Executive Compensation

        Prior to the consummation of our initial public offering on October 30, 2007, our business was conducted through a limited liability company. As a result, until such date, the compensation of the persons who are our executive officers had not been of the type generally used by corporations, as further described below. The compensation information for Mr. Palladino, as provided in the table below, includes compensation he received while he served only as our Head of Client Service and prior to being appointed our Chief Financial Officer in May 2007.

        The following table sets forth certain summary information concerning compensation provided by Pzena Investment Management, LLC during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and the next three most highly compensated executive officers, whom we refer to collectively as the named executive officers. The amounts set forth under the Unit Awards and Option Awards columns are calculated in accordance with the rules of the SEC and may not reflect actual amounts received by the named executive officer.

Summary Compensation Table

Name and Principal Position
  Year   Salary(2)   Bonus(3)   Unit
Awards(4)
  Option
Awards(5)
  Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation(6)
  All Other
Compensation(7)
  Total  

Richard S. Pzena,
Chief Executive Officer,
Co-Chief Investment Officer

    2008
2007
2006
  $

250,959
260,000
121,950
 
$

1,603,000
2,833,000
 
$

41,988,447
84,893,296
  $

352,000

 
$

692,000
  $

34,500
33,750
33,000
  $

637,459
44,577,197
87,881,246
 

Wayne A. Palladino,
Chief Financial Officer(1)

    2008
2007
2006
    252,656
250,000
130,000
    204,887
350,000
351,100
   
1,345,064
2,650,674
    167,200
60,400
   

    34,500
33,750
33,000
    659,243
2,039,214
3,164,774
 

John P. Goetz,
President, Co-Chief
Investment Officer

    2008
2007
2006
    252,656
250,000
121,950
   
1,479,500
2,533,000
   
10,711,311
36,415,865
    352,000

   
603,000
    34,500
33,750
33,000
    639,156
13,077,561
39,103,815
 

A. Rama Krishna,
President, International

    2008
2007
2006
    252,656
250,000
129,600
   
1,403,000
2,325,000
   
8,254,462
38,350,487
    352,000

   
552,000
    34,500
33,750
33,000
    639,156
10,493,212
40,838,087
 

William L. Lipsey,
President, Marketing and
Client Service

    2008
2007
2006
    252,656
250,000
121,950
   
1,148,000
1,834,000
   
10,658,523
35,561,064
    352,000

   
382,000
    34,500
33,750
33,000
    639,156
12,472,273
37,550,014
 

(1)
Mr. Palladino became our Chief Financial Officer in May 2007.

(2)
Amounts represent payments of salary made to the named executive officers pursuant to their respective employment agreements.

(3)
Amounts represent the aggregate guaranteed and discretionary bonuses paid to the named executive officers for the 2007 and 2006 fiscal years. There were no guaranteed bonuses in 2008 and 2007. The guaranteed portion of these bonuses for 2006 was as follows: Mr. Pzena, $533,000; Mr. Palladino, $126,100; Mr. Goetz, $333,000; Mr. Krishna, $125,000; and Mr. Lipsey, $334,100.

(4)
Reflects the expense recognized during 2007 and 2006 associated with compensatory units in our operating company, including distributions in respect of such units, calculated pursuant to FAS 123(R). Pursuant to FAS 123(R), our operating company recognized compensation expense associated with the granting of equity-based compensation based on the grant-date fair value of the award if it is classified as an equity instrument, and on the changes in settlement amount for awards that are classified as liabilities. Our operating company's compensatory unit-based awards had redemption features that necessitated their classification as liabilities and, accordingly, changes to their redemption values subsequent to the grant date have been included as a component of compensation and benefits expense. For the year ended December 31, 2007, distributions of $2.5 million, $0.1 million, $1.0 million, $1.9 million and $1.0 million were made to Messrs. Pzena, Palladino, Goetz, Krishna and Lipsey, respectively, which distributions were attributable to the portion of the compensatory units held by them or their respective estate planning vehicles. For the year ended December 31, 2006, such distributions to Messrs. Pzena, Palladino, Goetz, Krishna and Lipsey totaled $5.7 million, $0.2 million, $2.4 million, $2.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively, with respect to the portion of the compensatory units held by them or their respective estate planning vehicles. Effective March 31, 2007, the operating company amended its Operating Agreement to remove all mandatory redemption provisions. As all of its membership units thereafter had only equity characteristics, neither distributions, nor subsequent incremental changes to their value, were charged against income from the effective date of the amendment.

(5)
Amounts reflected represent the fair value of grants, on the date of grant, calculated in accordance with FAS 123(R). For a discussion of the FAS 123(R) assumptions utilized, see Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report.

(6)
On January 1, 2007, we instituted the Bonus Plan, pursuant to which employees who earn in excess of $600,000 per year are required to defer a portion of their compensation in excess of this amount. Deferred amounts contributed by named executive officers may be invested, at their discretion, in certain of our investment strategies or a money market fund. Amounts shown represent the cash compensation deferred. Pursuant to the plan, each deferred amount vests as follows: (i) 25% on the first anniversary; (ii) 50% on the second anniversary; (iii) 75% on the third anniversary; and (iv) 100% on the fourth anniversary, provided that the named executive officer continues in service with us.

(7)
Represents a company contribution to our operating company's simplified employee pension for each named executive officer.

71


Grants of Plan-Based Awards

        The following table sets forth information concerning grants of options in 2008 to any named executive officer.

Name
  Grant Date   All Other
Option Awards:
Number of Securities
Underlying Options(1)
  Exercise or
Base Price of
Option Awards(2)
  Grant Date
Fair Value
of Option
Awards(3)
 

Richard S. Pzena

  December 31, 2008     200,000   $ 4.22   $ 352,000  

Wayne A. Palladino

  January 1, 2008     30,000     11.40     79,200  

Wayne A. Palladino

  December 31, 2008     50,000     4.22     88,000  

John P. Goetz

  December 31, 2008     200,000     4.22     352,000  

A. Rama Krishna

  December 31, 2008     200,000     4.22     352,000  

William L. Lipsey

  December 31, 2008     200,000     4.22     352,000  

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

        The following table sets forth information relating to unexercised options held by any named executive officer as of December 31, 2008.

 
  Option Awards
Name   Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
#
Exercisable(1)
  Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
#
Unexercisable(1)
  Option
Exercise
Price(5)
  Option
Expiration Date

Richard S. Pzena

    200,000 (2)       $ 4.22   December 31, 2018

Wayne A. Palladino

    10,000 (3)       13.53   January 1, 2017

Wayne A. Palladino

    7,500 (4)   22,500 (4)   11.40   January 1, 2018

Wayne A. Palladino

    50,000 (2)         4.22   December 31, 2018

John P. Goetz

    200,000 (2)         4.22   December 31, 2018

A. Rama Krishna

    200,000 (2)         4.22   December 31, 2018

William L. Lipsey

    200,000 (2)         4.22   December 31, 2018

72


Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation

        The following table sets forth information relating to non tax-qualified deferral of compensation by the named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2008.

Name   Executive Contributions for
Year Ended December 31, 2008(1)
  Aggregate Balance at
Year Ended December 31, 2008
 

Richard S. Pzena

      $ 288,605  

Wayne A. Palladino

         

John P. Goetz

        251,487  

A. Rama Krishna

        230,217  

William L. Lipsey

        159,317  

Pension Benefits

        As of December 31, 2008, none of the named executive officers was a participant in any defined benefit pension plan, whether tax-qualified or supplemental, which was maintained by us, our operating company, or any of its affiliates.

Termination or Change of Control

        Neither we nor our operating company maintain any termination or change of control programs. However, the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan provides that the Compensation Committee will have the discretion to accelerate the vesting of awards granted thereunder upon the occurrence of certain events, including a change of control of us.

2008 Non-Employee Director Compensation

        The following table sets forth information concerning non-employee director compensation for the year ended December 31, 2008. It is our policy not to pay director compensation to directors who are also our employees.

Name   Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash(1)
  Stock
Awards(2)
  Total(5)  

Steven M. Galbraith

  $ 35,000   $ 105,000   $ 140,000  

Joel M. Greenblatt

    35,000     105,000     140,000  

Richard P. Meyerowich

    35,000     105,000     140,000  

Myron E. Ullman, III

    33,098 (3)   35,000     68,098  

Ronald W. Tysoe

    1,902 (4)   70,000     71,902  

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74


ITEM 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Beneficial Ownership

        The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our Class A and Class B common stock by the following persons as of March 3, 2009 (except as otherwise noted):

        Beneficial ownership and percentage ownership are determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. This information does not necessarily indicate beneficial ownership for any other purpose. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of common stock underlying options and warrants held by that person that are exercisable within 60 days of March 3, 2009 are considered to be outstanding. However, the numbers in the percent of combined voting power column do not give effect to any options or warrants held by the persons listed in the table. To our knowledge, except as indicated in the footnotes to this table and subject to community property laws, where applicable, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock shown as beneficially owned by them.

        The address for those individuals for which an address is not otherwise indicated is: c/o Pzena Investment Management, Inc., 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036.

 
  Class A Shares
Beneficially Owned(1)
  Class B Shares
Beneficially Owned(1)
   
 
  Number of
Shares
  Percent(2)   Number of
Shares
  Percent(3)   Percent Combined
Voting Power

Name of Beneficial Owner

                           

Richard S. Pzena

   
106
   
*
   
24,928,620

(4)(5)
 
44.7
 

43.2

Wayne A. Palladino

   
41,866
   
*
   
304,744

(6)
 
*
 

*

John P. Goetz

   
   
   
6,351,755

(4)(7)
 
11.4
 

10.7

A. Rama Krishna

   
795,587
   
9.2
   
4,708,328

(4)(7)
 
8.4
 

8.1

William L. Lipsey

   
   
   
5,737,910

(4)(7)
 
10.3
 

9.7

Steven M. Galbraith

   
23,460
   
*
   
   
 

*

Joel M. Greenblatt

   
22,460
   
*
   
247,708

(8)
 
*
 

*

Richard P. Meyerowich

   
22,460
   
*
   
   
 

*

Ronald W. Tysoe

   
16,588
   
*
   
   
 

*

All executive officers and directors as a group (9 persons)

   
922,527
   
10.7
   
42,279,065

(9)
 
74.9
 

72.6

Kinetics Asset Management Inc.(10)
470 Park Avenue South
4th Floor
New York, NY 10016

   
1,877,134
   
21.7
   
   
 

*

75


 
  Class A Shares
Beneficially Owned(1)
  Class B Shares
Beneficially Owned(1)
   
 
  Number of
Shares
  Percent(2)   Number of
Shares
  Percent(3)   Percent Combined
Voting Power

Keeley Asset Management Corp(11)
401 South Lasalle Street
Chicago, IL 60605

    551,500     6.4          

*


*
Less than 1%

(1)
Each share of our Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and each share of our Class B common stock is entitled to five votes per share, for so long as the number of shares of our Class B common stock outstanding constitutes at least 20% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding.

(2)
Based on 8,633,041 shares of Class A common stock outstanding as of March 3, 2009.

(3)
Based on 55,559,751 shares of Class B common stock outstanding as of March 3, 2009.

(4)
Includes options to purchase 200,000 membership units in our operating company that are currently exercisable and which, upon exercise, will entitle the named executive officer to the same number of shares of our Class B common stock.

(5)
Includes 6,258,600 shares of our Class B common stock directly held by certain trusts established by Mr. Pzena for estate planning purposes. Mr. Pzena may be deemed to beneficially own the shares of our Class B common stock that are directly held by these trusts because, pursuant to the terms of the applicable trust agreements, he may be considered to share dispositive power over securities held by these trusts, along with their respective trustees. Mr. Pzena disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares of Class B common stock held by these trusts.

(6)
Includes options to purchase 67,500 membership units in our operating company that are currently exercisable and which, upon exercise, will entitle Mr. Palladino to the same number of shares of our Class B common stock.

(7)
Includes shares of Class B common stock held directly by estate planning vehicles established by the executive officer for the benefit of his family members. The executive officer disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares of Class B common stock directly held by the applicable vehicle.

(8)
Includes 82,200 shares of Class B common stock held directly by family members of Mr. Greenblatt. Mr. Greenblatt disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares of Class B common stock directly held by his family members.

(9)
Includes options to purchase an aggregate of 867,500 membership units in our operating company that are currently exercisable and which, upon exercise, will entitled the holders to purchase the same number of shares of our Class B common stock. As indicated in the foregoing footnotes, also includes shares of Class B common stock held by estate planning vehicles and family members of the executive officers and directors as to which beneficial ownership is disclaimed.

(10)
The number of shares owned is based on information included in the Form 13G filed by Kinetics Asset Management Inc., with the SEC on February 17, 2009. According to the Form 13G, Kinetics Asset Management Inc. has sole dispositive power over 1,877,134 shares of our Class A common stock, shared dispositive power over zero shares of our Class A common stock, sole voting power of over 1,877,134 shares of our Class A common stock and shared voting power over zero shares of our Class A common stock.

(11)
The number of shares owned is based on information included in the Form 13G/A filed by Keeley Asset Management Corp, and its related entities, with the SEC on February 13, 2009. According to the Form 13G/A, Keeley Asset Management Corp has sole dispositive power over 551,500 shares of our Class A common stock, shared dispositive power over zero shares of our Class A common stock, sole voting power of over 551,500 shares of our Class A common stock and shared voting power over zero shares of our Class A common stock.

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Equity Compensation Plan Information

        The table below sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2008, the last day of the fiscal year, for: (i) all equity compensation plans previously approved by our stockholders; and (ii) all equity compensation plans not previously approved by our stockholders.

Plan Category   Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
options, warrants
and rights
  Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
  Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in column (a))
 
 
  (a)
  (b)
  (c)
 

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

                   
 

Pzena Investment Management, LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, or PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan

   
3,153,122
 
$

6.95
   
6,923,060

(1)
 

Pzena Investment Management, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan, or 2007 Equity Incentive Plan

   
87,062
   
   
553,317
 
 

Pzena Investment Management, LLC Amended and Restated Bonus Plan, or Bonus Plan

   
   
   
6,923,060

(1)

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(2)

   
   
   
 
     

Total

   
3,240,184
 
$

6.95
   
7,476,377
 

(1)
Represents the total number of remaining securities as of December 31, 2008, which may be collectively granted under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan and the Bonus Plan.

(2)
All equity compensation plans have been approved by security holders.

Equity Incentive Plans

PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan

        The Pzena Investment Management, LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, or the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, became effective on January 1, 2007 and was amended and restated as of October 30, 2007. The following is a description of the material terms of the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. The full text of the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan has been filed as an exhibit to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on December 5, 2007. The PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan is the source of equity-based awards to our employees, consultants and other service providers of incentive Class B unit options (within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code), non-qualified Class B unit options, restricted Class B units and other grants of Class B units.

        Administration.    The Compensation Committee of our board of directors administers the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. The Compensation Committee may delegate its authority to grant awards under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan in whole or in part as it determines, including to a subcommittee consisting solely of at least two non-employee directors within the meaning

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of Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act and, to the extent required by Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, "outside directors" within the meaning thereof. The Compensation Committee determines who will receive awards under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, as well as the form of the awards, the number of units underlying the awards, and the terms and conditions of the awards consistent with the terms of the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. The Compensation Committee has full authority to interpret and administer the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, which determinations will be final and binding on all parties concerned.

        Units Subject to the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan.    The total number of Class B units that may be issued under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan is 10,113,996, with 6,923,060 remaining at December 31, 2008, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, as described below.

        We will make available the number of shares of our Class A common stock necessary to satisfy the maximum number of Class B units that may be issued under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. The Class B units underlying any award granted under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan that expires, terminates or is cancelled or satisfied for any reason without being settled in Class B units will again become available for awards under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan.

        Unit Options.    The Compensation Committee may award non-qualified or incentive unit options under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. Options granted under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan will become vested and exercisable at such times and upon such terms and conditions as may be determined by the Compensation Committee at the time of grant, but an option will generally not be exercisable for a period of more than ten years after it is granted.

        The exercise price per Class B unit for any options awarded will not be less than the fair market value of the Class B unit on the day the option is granted. To the extent permitted by the Compensation Committee the exercise price of an option may be paid in cash or its equivalent, Class B units having a fair market value equal to the aggregate option exercise price, partially in cash and partially in Class B units, or through the delivery of irrevocable instructions to a broker to sell shares of our Class A common stock issuable upon the exchange of the Class B unit acquired upon exercise of the option and to deliver promptly to us an amount from the proceeds of the sale equal to the aggregate option exercise price.

        Other Unit-Based Awards.    The Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, may grant Class B units and awards that are valued in whole or in part by reference to, or are otherwise based on the fair market value of, Class B units. Any of these other Class B unit-based awards may be in such form, and depend on the conditions imposed by the Compensation Committee, including, without limitation, the right to receive, or vest with respect to, one or more units (or the equivalent cash value of such units) upon the completion of a specified period of service, the occurrence of an event and/or the attainment of performance objectives. The Compensation Committee may, in its discretion, determine whether other Class B unit-based awards may be payable in cash, Class B units, or a combination thereof.

        LTIP Units.    In the future, we may choose to amend the operating agreement of Pzena Investment Management, LLC to provide for a new class of membership interests that are designed to provide long term incentives to their recipients, or LTIP units, and that may, upon the occurrence of certain events or the recipient's achievement of certain goals, convert into Class B units. To the extent provided for, LTIP Units, whether or not vested, would entitle the participant to receive, currently or on a deferred or contingent basis, distributions or distribution equivalent payments with respect to the number of Class B units corresponding to the LTIP unit or other distributions from our operating company, and may be structured as "profits interests," "capital interests" or other types of interests for federal income tax purposes. If provided for in the operating agreement of our operating company, the Compensation Committee may award LTIP units as free-standing awards or in tandem with other awards under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. LTIP units would be subject to such conditions

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and restrictions as the Compensation Committee may determine, including, but not limited, to the conversion ratio, if any, for LTIP units. In addition, the Compensation Committee may provide that distributions in respect of LTIP units are deemed to be reinvested in additional Class B units or LTIP units.

        Adjustments Upon Certain Events.    In the event of any change in the outstanding number of membership units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, by reason of any unit dividend or split, any reorganization, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, spin-off or combination, any distribution to holders of units other than cash dividends, or any other transaction similar to any of the foregoing, the Compensation Committee, or its appointed delegate, in its sole discretion, and without liability to any person, may make such substitution or adjustment, if any, as it deems to be equitable, as to: (i) the number or kind of Class B units or other securities issued or reserved for issuance pursuant to the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan or pursuant to outstanding awards; (ii) the option price; and/or (iii) any other affected terms of such awards.

        Transferability.    Unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee, no award granted under the plan will be transferable or assignable by the award recipient.

        Amendment and Termination.    We may amend or terminate the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, but no amendment or termination will be made (i) without the approval of our stockholders, if such action would, except as permitted in order to adjust the shares as described above under the section "—Adjustments Upon Certain Events," increase the total number of shares reserved for the purposes of the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan or increase the maximum number of shares that may be issued hereunder, or change the maximum number of shares for which awards may be granted to any participant; or (ii) without the consent of a participant, if such action would diminish any of the rights of the participant under any award theretofore granted to such participant under the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan; provided, however, that the Compensation Committee may amend the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, and/or any outstanding awards, in such manner as it deems necessary to permit the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, and/or any outstanding awards, to satisfy requirements of the Internal Revenue Code or other applicable laws.

2007 Equity Incentive Plan

        On October 24, 2007, we adopted the Pzena Investment Management, Inc. 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, or our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, which provides for the issuance of awards relating to our Class A common stock to directors, officers and other employees, consultants and advisers who are providing services to us and our subsidiaries.

        Our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan is administered by our Compensation Committee, which has the authority, among other things, to determine who will be granted awards and all of the terms and conditions of such awards. The Compensation Committee is authorized to determine the extent to which an award may be settled, cancelled, forfeited or surrendered, to interpret our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan and any awards granted under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, and to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan. Where the vesting or payment of an award under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan is subject to the attainment of performance goals, the Compensation Committee will be responsible for certifying that the performance goals have been attained. Neither the Compensation Committee nor the board of directors has the authority under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan to take any action that (i) would lower the exercise, base or purchase price of any award granted thereunder; (ii) amend the limits on individual participation thereunder; (iii) amend the number of shares available for awards thereunder; or (iv) amend the provisions with respect to administration of our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, without, in any case, first obtaining the approval of our stockholders.

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        A number of shares of our Class A common stock that was equal to 1.0% of the number of shares of our common stock that was outstanding immediately after our initial public offering was made available for awards under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, subject to adjustment as described below. The total number of shares available was 640,379, with 553,317 shares remaining as of December 31, 2008. Shares issued under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan may be authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares. If any shares subject to an award granted under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan are forfeited, cancelled, exchanged or surrendered or if an award terminates or expires without a distribution of shares, or if shares of stock are surrendered, or withheld as payment of either the exercise price of an award and/or withholding taxes in respect of an award, those shares will again be available for awards under the plan. Upon the exercise of any award granted under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan in tandem with any other award, the related award will be cancelled to the extent of the number of shares as to which the award is exercised and such shares will not again be available for awards under the plan. In the event that the Compensation Committee determines that any corporate event, such as a dividend or other distribution, recapitalization, stock split, reorganization, merger, spin-off or the like, affects our Class A common stock such that an adjustment is appropriate in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of the rights of plan participants, then the Compensation Committee will make those adjustments as it deems necessary or appropriate to any or all of (i) the number and kind of shares or other property that may thereafter be issued in connection with future awards; (ii) the number and kind of shares or other property that may be issued under outstanding awards; (iii) the exercise price or purchase price of any outstanding award; (iv) the performance goals applicable to outstanding awards; and (v) the individual share limitations applicable to awards granted under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan.

        The performance goals may be expressed in terms of attaining a specified level of the particular criterion, or an increase or decrease in the particular criterion, and may be applied to us or one of our subsidiaries. The Compensation Committee has the authority to make equitable adjustments to the performance goals in recognition of unusual or non-recurring events, in response to changes in laws or regulations, or to account for extraordinary or unusual events. Where an award under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan is made subject to a performance goal, no compensation may be paid under such award unless and until the Compensation Committee certifies that the goal has been attained.

        The terms and conditions of awards of restricted stock and restricted stock units granted under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan will be determined by the Compensation Committee and set forth in an award agreement. A restricted stock unit confers on the participant the right to receive a share of our Class A common stock or its equivalent value in cash, in the discretion of the Compensation Committee. These awards will be subject to restrictions on transferability, which will lapse under those circumstances that the Compensation Committee may determine, which may include the attainment of one or more performance goals. The Compensation Committee may determine that the holder of restricted stock or restricted stock units may receive dividends (or dividend equivalents, in the case of restricted stock units) that may be deferred during the restricted period applicable to these awards.

        Our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan also provides for other equity-based awards, the form and terms of which will be as determined by the Compensation Committee, consistent with the purposes of the plan. The vesting, value or payment of one of these awards may be made subject to the attainment of one or more performance goals. The types of awards that may be granted may include, without limitations, stock options and stock bonuses.

        The Compensation Committee has the authority under our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan to establish such procedures and programs that it deems appropriate to provide participants with the ability to defer the receipt of cash, common stock or other property payable with respect to awards granted under the plan.

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        Unless earlier terminated, our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan will expire on the tenth anniversary of its effective date. Our board of directors or the Compensation Committee may, at any time, amend, suspend or terminate our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, in whole or in part. No amendment that requires stockholder approval in order for our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan to continue to comply with Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, or any other applicable law, will be effective unless the approval is obtained. The Compensation Committee may amend, suspend or terminate an outstanding award, in whole or in part. However, no amendment or termination of our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, or amendment of any award, will affect adversely the rights of any participant who has an outstanding award under the plan without the participant's consent.

        On October 30, 2007, we filed an S-8 with the SEC to register 640,379 shares of our Class A common stock that may be issued under the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan.

Bonus Plan

        The Pzena Investment Management, LLC Bonus Plan, or the Bonus Plan, became effective on January 1, 2007, was amended and restated as of October 30, 2007, and was further amended as of October 21, 2008.

        Purpose.    The purpose of the Bonus Plan is to enable us to attract, retain, motivate and reward highly qualified individuals to provide services to us by:

        Administration.    The Bonus Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of our board of directors. The Compensation Committee may delegate its authority under the Bonus Plan to a subcommittee of the Compensation Committee.

        Eligibility; Awards.    No later than the last day of a fiscal year, the Compensation Committee will designate, from among our employees and the members of Pzena Investment Management, LLC who provide personal services to us, those individuals eligible for a bonus award for such fiscal year, or an eligible individual, and will determine and specify for each eligible individual the amount of the bonus award that will be awarded to such eligible individual for such fiscal year. In designating the eligible individuals for a fiscal year and in determining the amount of the bonus awards to be granted, the Compensation Committee will take into account any subjective or objective factors that it may, in its sole discretion, deem relevant, including, without limitation, the performance of the eligible individual, the business unit to which the eligible individual provides services, or our firm as a whole. The Compensation Committee may designate as an eligible individual an employee of us or a member of Pzena Investment Management, LLC who terminates his association with us during a fiscal year. Unless deferred under a provision of the Bonus Plan, a bonus award under the Bonus Plan will be paid to the participant in one lump sum in cash in the calendar year following the fiscal year in which it was earned, but no later than March 15th of such calendar year.

        Mandatory Deferral of Restricted Amounts.    Each eligible individual who is allocated a bonus award for a fiscal year, and whose compensation for such fiscal year (including such bonus award) exceeds

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$600,000, must defer a portion of their compensation, which we refer to as the restricted amount. The restricted amount is 25% of the amount of the eligible individual's compensation for the fiscal year that exceeds $600,000; plus an additional 15% of the amount of the eligible individual's compensation for the fiscal year that exceeds $1,200,000. Each eligible individual who is a member of Pzena Investment Management, LLC and who is entitled to receive a restricted amount in any fiscal year may elect to have the restricted amount credited to an account in his or her name, to receive the restricted amount in the form of restricted phantom Class B units, or a combination thereof. Each eligible individual who is not a member of Pzena Investment Management, LLC and who is entitled to receive a restricted amount in any fiscal year will have the entire restricted amount credited to an account in his name.

        Payment of Awards.    A participant will become vested in the portion of his account related to each bonus earned according to the following schedule: (i) 25% on the first anniversary; (ii) 50% on the second anniversary; (iii) 75% on the third anniversary; and (iv) 100% on the fourth anniversary; provided the participant continues in service with us. A participant will also become fully vested in his entire account, and the restriction period applicable to his restricted phantom Class B units will lapse, if he dies while in service, his service is terminated by us without cause or he voluntarily terminates his service with good reason. Additionally, a participant who voluntarily terminates his service with us and who has, as of the time of such termination, provided services to us for a continuous period of no less than ten years, will continue to vest in his entire account, and in any restricted phantom units for which the restriction period has not lapsed, provided that he does not, on or before an applicable vesting date, compete with us, solicit our employees or clients, or disclose our confidential information. A participant's restricted phantom Class B units will be settled within 30 days of vesting. Except as provided in this paragraph, the unvested portion of his account and any unvested restricted phantom membership units will be forfeited and/or cancelled upon termination of the participant's employment.

        In addition, in the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee, a participant may be entitled to distribution equivalents with respect to restricted phantom Class B units, calculated as follows. On each date that a cash distribution is paid while the restricted phantom Class B are outstanding, a participant's account will be credited with an amount of cash equal to the aggregate dollar amount of the cash distribution that would have been paid had the restricted phantom Class B units been issued as Class B units. The distribution equivalents will be subject to the same terms and conditions applicable to the related restricted phantom Class B units, including, without limitation, provisions related to vesting and payment. Alternatively, in lieu of the account credit described above, a participant's account may, in the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee and to the extent the participant is credited with distribution equivalents, be credited with an additional number of restricted phantom Class B units equal to the number of whole units (valued at fair market value on such date) that could be purchased on such date with the aggregate dollar amount of the cash distribution that would have been paid on the restricted phantom Class B units had they been issued as Class B units. The additional restricted phantom Class B units credited to a participant's account will be subject to the same terms and conditions applicable to the restricted phantom Class B units originally awarded to the participant, including, without limitation, for purposes of vesting and crediting of additional distribution equivalents.

        Amendment and Termination of Plan.    The Compensation Committee may at any time amend, suspend, discontinue or terminate the Bonus Plan.

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ITEM 13.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Reorganization Transactions

        Concurrently with the closing of our initial public offering on October 30, 2007, we engaged in a series of related transactions with certain of our directors, each of our executive officers and other persons and entities who became holders of 5% or more of our voting securities upon the consummation of these transactions. Each of these transactions, which we refer to collectively as the reorganization transactions, is described below.

Acquisition of Membership Units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC

        Immediately after the closing of our initial public offering on October 30, 2007, we used the net proceeds of the initial public offering to acquire 6,100,000 of the membership units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, or the operating company, outstanding as of such date from its three non-employee members. One of the selling members, which received approximately $62,292,000 in connection with the sale of a portion of its membership units, was an entity which became a holder of more than 5% of the combined voting power of our common stock due to its acquisition of our Class B common stock in certain other reorganization transactions (as described below), and is also controlled by Joel Greenblatt (who became one of our directors in connection with our initial public offering). Another selling member was a former employee of our operating company. As a result of this acquisition of 6,100,000 membership units, we owned approximately 9.5% of the outstanding membership units of the operating company.

Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of Pzena Investment Management, LLC

        In connection with our acquisition of 6,100,000 membership units of the operating company, we and the continuing members of the operating company entered into an amended and restated operating agreement for the operating company on October 30, 2007 whereby, among other things, (i) we became the managing member of the operating company; (ii) the membership units that we acquired were reclassified as Class A units and holders of Class A units were designated as Class A members; and (iii) the 57,937,910 membership units held by the continuing members, then representing 90.5% of the operating company's outstanding membership units, were reclassified as Class B units and holders of Class B units were designated as Class B members. The Class B members at that time included (i) the four members of the Executive Committee, each of whom (either individually, or in combination with their estate planning vehicles) also became holders of more than 5% of the combined voting power of our common stock due to their acquisition of our Class B common stock in the reorganization; (ii) other of the operating company's employees; and (iii) an entity which became a holder of more than 5% of the combined voting power of our common stock due to its acquisition of our Class B common stock in the reorganization, and is also controlled by Joel Greenblatt (who became one of our directors in connection with our initial public offering).

        The operations of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, and the rights and obligations of its members, are set forth in the operating company's amended and restated operating agreement, the material terms of which are described below.

Governance

        We serve as the sole managing member of the operating company. As such, we control its business and affairs and are responsible for the management of its business. We also have the power to delegate certain of our management responsibilities to an Executive Committee consisting of our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Pzena, and the officers appointed by him to serve as members of the committee.

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Currently, Mr. Pzena and each of our Presidents, Messrs. Goetz, Krishna and Lipsey, serve as members of the Executive Committee.

Issuances and Transfers of Units; Voting and Economic Rights of Members

        The operating company may issue Class A units and Class B units. Class A units may only be issued to us, as the sole managing member, and are non-transferable. Class B units may only be issued to persons or entities to which we agree to issue membership units in exchange for cash or other consideration, including the services of the operating company's employees. Class B units may only be transferred to permitted transferees, subject to such conditions as we may specify. A holder of Class B units may not transfer any Class B units to any person unless he or she transfers an equal number of shares of our Class B common stock to the same transferee.

        Holders of Class B units have no voting rights, except for the right to approve amendments to the amended and restated operating agreement that adversely affects the rights of the holders of Class B units and to approve certain material corporate transactions. See "—Amendments" and "—Material Corporate Transactions."

        Each Class A unit and Class B unit entitles holders to the same economic rights. Net profits and net losses of the operating company are allocated, and distributions by the operating company are made, to members pro rata in accordance with the number of membership units they hold (whether or not vested). The operating company makes distributions to members for the purpose of funding their tax obligations in respect of the portion of the operating company's taxable income that is allocated to them. Generally, these tax distributions will be computed based on our estimate of the net taxable income of the operating company allocable per membership unit multiplied by an assumed tax rate equal to the highest combined U.S. federal, state and local tax rate applicable to any member (taking into account the deductibility of state and local taxes for U.S. federal income tax purposes). However, our operating company may not make any distributions to its members if doing so would violate any agreement to which it is then a party or any law then applicable to it, have the effect of rendering it insolvent, or result in it having net capital lower than that required by applicable law.

Coordination of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and Pzena Investment Management, LLC

        Whenever we issue a share of our Class A common stock for cash, we will either contribute the net proceeds to the operating company in exchange for one Class A unit or purchase one Class B unit from a Class B member in exchange for such net proceeds (which Class B unit will be automatically converted into a Class A unit). Whenever we issue a share of our Class A common stock pursuant to our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, we will contribute all of the proceeds from such issuance (if any) to the operating company, which will issue us a Class A unit with the same restrictions, if any, attached to such Class A common stock. In the event that we issue other classes or series of our equity securities, the operating company will issue, and Class B units (if any) transferred to us by its members in exchange for our newly issued equity securities will be automatically converted into, an equal amount of equity securities of the operating company with designations, preferences and other rights and terms that are substantially the same as our newly issued equity securities. Conversely, if we redeem any shares of our Class A common stock (or our equity securities of other classes or series) for cash, the operating company will, immediately prior to our redemption, redeem an equal number of Class A units (or its equity securities of the corresponding classes or series) held by us, upon the same terms and for the same price, as the shares of our Class A common stock (or our equity securities of such other classes or series) are redeemed.

        The operating company may also, from time to time, issue such other classes or series of membership units having such relative rights, powers and duties and interests in profits, losses, allocations and distributions of the operating company as may be designated by us.

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        As managing member, we have agreed not to conduct any business other than the management and ownership of Pzena Investment Management, LLC and its subsidiaries, or own any other assets (other than on a temporary basis), although we may incur indebtedness and may take other actions if we determine in good faith that such indebtedness or other actions are in the best interest of Pzena Investment Management, LLC. In addition, membership units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, as well as our common stock, will be subject to equivalent stock splits, dividends and reclassifications.

Material Corporate Transactions

        In the event that Pzena Investment Management, LLC proposes to engage in a material corporate transaction, including a merger, consolidation, dissolution or sale of substantially all of its assets, we, in our capacity as the managing member, along with a majority in interest of the holders of the Class B units, have the power and authority to approve such a transaction. In addition, in the event that we, in our capacity as the managing member, along with a majority in interest of the holders of the Class B units, determine that all (or any portion) of the Class A units and Class B units, should be sold to a third party purchaser, we have the right to compel the holders of Class B units to sell all or the same portion of their Class B units to this third party purchaser.

Exchange Rights

        Pursuant to the amended and restated operating agreement, each vested Class B unit is exchangeable for a share of our Class A common stock, subject to the exchange timing and volume limitations described below. We have reserved for issuance 68,051,906 shares of our Class A common stock, which is the aggregate number of shares of our Class A common stock that may be issued upon the exchanges of (i) the 57,975,724 Class B units that were outstanding as of December 31, 2008; (ii) the Class B units issued upon the ultimate exercise of the options to acquire 3,153,122 Class B units that were outstanding as of December 31, 2008; and (iii) the 6,923,060 additional Class B units that may be granted pursuant to the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2008.

        Holders of Class B units may exchange their vested Class B units for shares of our Class A common stock at the times and in the amounts described below.

        Managing Principals.    Each year, in the period beginning on the first effective date of the Form S-3 registration statement described under "—Resale and Registration Rights Agreement," which we refer to as the shelf registration statement, and ending on the date of the termination of employment of a managing principal (who are Messrs, Pzena, Goetz, Krishna and Lipsey) with us, a managing principal and his permitted transferees may collectively exchange up to the number of vested Class B units that equals 15% of all Class B units they collectively hold as of the first day of that year, in accordance with the timing restrictions described under "—Resale and Registration Rights Agreement." For the three-year period following the managing principal's termination, the managing principal and his permitted transferees may not exchange any of their Class B units. Thereafter, they may exchange the remainder of their Class B units when they vest, subject to the same timing restrictions.

        Other Employee Members.    Each year, in the period beginning on the first effective date of the shelf registration statement and ending on the date of termination of employment of an employee member other than our managing principals, he or she and his or her permitted transferees, may collectively exchange up to the number of vested Class B units that equals 15% of all Class B units they collectively hold as of the first day of that year, in accordance with the timing restrictions described under "—Resale and Registration Rights Agreement." For the one-year period following the employee's termination, the employee and his or her permitted transferees may not exchange any of their Class B units. Within the following six months, they may exchange vested Class B units so long as, except as may be agreed by us, the employee retains a number of vested Class B units equal to at least

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25% of the number of vested Class B units collectively held by the employee and his or her permitted transferees on the date of the termination of employment with us, subject to the same timing restrictions. Thereafter, they may exchange the remainder of their Class B units when they vest, subject to the same timing restrictions.

        Non-Employee Members.    Each year, in the period beginning on the first effective date of the shelf registration statement and ending on the third anniversary of our initial public offering, the non-employee members of our operating company immediately after our initial public offering (which includes an entity controlled by Mr. Greenblatt, one of our directors) may exchange up to 15% of the Class B units they hold as of the first day of that year, in accordance with the timing restrictions described under "—Resale and Registration Rights Agreement." Thereafter, these non-employee members may sell the remainder of their Class B units, subject to the same timing restrictions.

        Exceptions.    If the amount of income taxes that employee members are required to pay due to the grant or vesting of their Class B units, the exercise of their options to acquire Class B units and/or the exchange of their Class B units for shares of our Class A common stock (whether or not they are employees at the time that the tax payment obligation arises) exceeds the net proceeds they would receive upon the sale of all shares of our Class A common stock issued to them in exchange for 15% of the Class B units that they hold as of the first day of the year with respect to which the tax is payable, then they are entitled to exchange an amount of vested Class B units, and resell an equivalent amount of shares of our Class A common stock issued upon exchange, such that the net proceeds from the sale of this amount of shares would enable them to pay all such taxes due. In addition, we may allow holders of Class B units to make exchanges in amounts exceeding those described above at any time following the effective date of the shelf registration statement, which determination may be withheld, delayed, or granted on such terms and conditions as the Board may determine, in its sole discretion.

Restrictive Covenants

        Non-Competition.    All employees who are members of the operating company have agreed not to compete with us during the term of their employment with us. In addition, each of Messrs. Pzena, Goetz and Lipsey have agreed not to compete with us for a period of three years following the termination of his employment. Under the terms of his executive employment agreement, Mr. Krishna has agreed not to compete with us for a period of 18 months following (i) his notice of resignation, which must be given six months prior to the termination of his employment with us pursuant to this agreement, or (ii) the date of any other termination of his employment with us. The other employee members have agreed not to compete with us for a period of up to six months following the termination of his or her employment, if the employee member and his or her permitted transferees collectively hold at that time more than 1% of all the Class B units outstanding and if he or she continues to receive compensation during this non-competition period.

        Non-Solicitation.    The managing principals have agreed not to solicit our clients or any other employees of Pzena Investment Management, LLC during the term of their employment and three years thereafter. Other employee members will be subject to similar non-solicitation provisions during the term of their employment and 18 months thereafter.

        Confidential Information.    All employee members have agreed to protect the confidential information of Pzena Investment Management,  LLC. This covenant will survive the termination of their employment.

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Forfeiture of Class B Units

        Unless otherwise determined by our board of directors, in its sole discretion, or previously agreed to by the employee member, his or her permitted transferees and us:

Indemnification and Exculpation

        To the extent permitted by applicable law, Pzena Investment Management, LLC will indemnify us, as its managing member, its authorized officers, its other employees and agents from and against any losses, liabilities, damages, costs, expenses, fees or penalties incurred by any acts or omissions of these persons, provided that the acts or omissions of these indemnified persons are not the result of fraud, intentional misconduct or a violation of the implied contractual duty of good faith and fair dealing, or any lesser standard of conduct permitted under applicable law.

        We, as the managing member, and the authorized officers and other employees and agents of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, will not be liable to Pzena Investment Management, LLC, its members or their affiliates for damages incurred by any acts or omissions of these persons, provided that the acts or omissions of these exculpated persons are not the result of fraud, intentional misconduct or a violation of the implied contractual duty of good faith and fair dealing, or any lesser standard of conduct permitted under applicable law.

Amendments

        The amended and restated operating agreement of Pzena Investment Management, LLC may be amended with the consent of the managing member and a majority in interest of the holders of Class B units, provided that the managing member may, without the consent of any Class B member, make certain amendments that, generally, are not expected to adversely affect Class B members.

        Notwithstanding the foregoing, no amendment may

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Tax Receivable Agreement

        On October 30, 2007, we entered into a tax receivable agreement with each holder of Class B units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC outstanding on that date. The terms of this agreement also apply to Class B units that have been or may be issued after such date to existing or new Class B members of the operating company. If applicable, any such new Class B members will become parties to this agreement.

        This agreement requires us to pay holders of Class B units 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that we actually realize (or are deemed to realize in the case of an early termination payment by us, or a change in control, as discussed below) as a result of the increases in tax basis described above and certain other tax benefits related to entering into the Tax Receivable Agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments thereunder. Cash savings in income tax are computed by comparing our actual income tax liability to the amount of such taxes that we would have been required to pay had there been no increase in our share of the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Pzena Investment Management, LLC.

        On October 27, 2008, we entered into a Limited Waiver to Tax Receivable Agreement with Milestone Associates, L.L.C., a limited liability company of which Mr. Greenblatt, a director of our Company, is the managing member. Pursuant to the Limited Waiver to Tax Receivable Agreement, our obligation to make the required payments (as described above) to Milestone Associates for taxable years 2008 and 2009 under the Tax Receivable Agreement was waived. The amount waived by Milestone Associates for taxable year 2008 is estimated to be approximately $1,252,320.

Resale and Registration Rights Agreement

        On October 30, 2007, we entered into a resale and registration rights agreement with each holder of Class B units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC outstanding on that date. The terms of this agreement also apply to Class B units that have been or may be issued after such date to existing or new Class B members of the operating company. If applicable, any such new Class B members will become parties to this agreement.

        Pursuant to this agreement, any shares of Class A common stock issued upon exchange of Class B units will be eligible for resale pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3, or the shelf registration statement, subject to the resale timing and manner limitations described below.

        On February 17, 2009, the SEC declared effective our shelf registration statement on Form S-3, in which we registered 57,937,910 shares of our Class A common stock, issuable upon the exchange of an equivalent number of Class B units of the operating company.

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        From the first effective date of this shelf registration statement until the fourth anniversary of the consummation of our initial public offering, holders of Class B units, subject to the exchange timing and volume limitations described above under "—Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of Pzena Investment Management, LLC—Exchange Rights," will only be able to sell the shares of Class A common stock issued upon exchange in connection with a public offering, which may be an underwritten offering or a block trade. We will determine the timing and manner of these public offerings, but are required to provide for at least one public offering in each twelve-month period from the effective date of this shelf registration statement until the fourth anniversary of our initial public offering. However, if we fail to provide for a public offering by the end of any such twelve-month period, each holder of Class B units who is then eligible to exchange Class B units, may exercise its exchange right and resell the shares issued upon exchange in any manner of sale permitted under the registration statement or otherwise available to the holder. Thereafter, holders of Class B units will be able to exchange their Class B units for shares of our Class A common stock, subject to the exchange timing and volume limitations described above, and will be permitted to sell their shares in any manner, but only at times determined by us, in our sole discretion.

        We have agreed to indemnify the holders of Class B units against any losses or damages resulting from any untrue statement, or omission of material fact, in any registration statement or prospectus pursuant to which they may sell the shares of our Class A common stock that they receive upon exchange of their Class B units, unless such liability arose from the selling stockholder's misstatement or omission, and the holders have agreed to indemnify us against all losses caused by their misstatements or omissions. We will pay certain expenses incident to our performance under the registration rights agreement, and the selling stockholders will pay certain other expenses, in addition to their respective portions of all underwriting discounts, commissions and transfer taxes relating to the sale of their shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the registration rights agreement.

Stockholders' Agreement Among Class B Stockholders

        On October 30, 2007, we entered into a stockholders' agreement with each holder of Class B common stock outstanding on that date. The terms of this agreement also apply to shares of Class B common stock that have been or may be issued after such date to existing or new Class B members of the operating company. If applicable, any such new Class B common stockholders will become parties to this agreement.

        Pursuant to this agreement, each of the Class B common stockholders agreed to vote all their shares of Class B common stock together on any matter submitted to our common stockholders for a vote. Prior to any vote of our common stockholders, this agreement provides for a separate, preliminary vote of the shares of Class B common stock on each matter upon which a vote of all common stockholders is proposed to be taken. In this preliminary vote, the participating Class B common stockholders may vote all of the shares of Class B common stock then owned by them in the manner that each may determine in his, her or its sole discretion. Each Class B common stockholder must then vote all of their shares of Class B common stock in accordance with the vote of the majority of the shares of Class B common stock present (in person or by proxy) and voting in this preliminary vote. In order to give effect to these voting provisions, each of these Class B common stockholders granted Mr. Pzena an irrevocable proxy to vote all their shares of Class B common stock in accordance with the vote of this majority in any vote of our common stockholders. In addition, each holder of shares of Class B common stock has agreed that:

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        This agreement may only be amended with the consent of the holders of a majority of the shares of Class B common stock that are party to the agreement.

Other Related Party Transactions

        Set forth below is a description of certain other transactions between Pzena Investment Management, LLC and certain of our directors, executive officers and beneficial owners of more than 5% of our voting securities, or their respective family members.

Issuance of Senior Subordinated Notes

        On October 28, 2008, our operating company entered into Amendment No. 3 (the "Amendment") to the Credit Agreement, dated July 23, 2007 (the "Credit Agreement"), among the operating company, as borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and L/C issuer, and the other lenders party thereto. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Credit Agreement was amended and restated in full. Conditions precedent to the execution of the Amendment included, among others, the repayment by the operating company of $25,000,000 of the $47,000,000 principal amount outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of October 28, 2008.

        In order to partially fund the $25,000,000 repayment required by the Lenders, the three independent members of the Company's board of directors (Messrs. Galbraith, Meyerowich and Ullman), the members of our Audit Committee and the members of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, approved the Company's issuance of an aggregate of $16,000,000 principal amount of senior subordinated notes (collectively, the "Notes") to the following persons and entities.:

        The Notes were issued on October 28, 2008. Each of the Notes is unsecured, has a ten year maturity and bears interest at 6.30% per annum. The provisions of the Notes include a restricted payments covenant, a prohibition on incurring indebtedness which is not subordinated to the Notes, and events of default based on failure to make payments, bankruptcy, change of control and acceleration of material indebtedness. In addition, the Notes are subordinated to the repayment in full of the loans under the Credit Agreement.

        The Notes have not been registered under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any jurisdiction and are subject to certain restrictions on transfer.

Other Related Party Transactions

        Our operating company manages the personal funds of many of its employees, including each of our executive officers, pursuant to investment management agreements in which it has waived its regular advisory fees. In addition, it manages the personal funds of some of its employees' family

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members at reduced advisory fee rates. In 2008, the aggregate value of the fees that we waived was approximately $251,216 with respect to accounts beneficially owned by a private fund in which certain of our executive officers invest.

        In May 2006, our operating company entered into a customer services agreement with Humble Monkey, LLC, of which Mr. Pzena's brother owns approximately 10% of the equity, under which Humble Monkey provides information technology services to our operating company. The initial term of this agreement ended in May 2007, but was renewed until August 27, 2008, at which time the Company terminated the agreement. For 2008, Humble Monkey billed our operating company approximately $229,216 for these services under this contract. We believe that the terms of this agreement were no less favorable than we could have obtained from an unrelated third party for similar services.

        In May 2007, our operating company entered into a customer services agreement with Storage Monkey, LLC, of which Mr. Pzena's brother owns approximately 5% of the equity, under which Storage Monkey provides disaster recovery services to our operating company. The initial term of this agreement ended in May 2008, but was extended until May 9, 2009. For 2008, Storage Monkey billed our operating company approximately $304,585 for these services. We believe that the terms of this agreement are no less favorable than we could have obtained from an unrelated third party for similar services.

        As of December 31, 2008, membership interests in Pzena Global Value Service include a $3.1 million interest of a private fund in which Mr. Pzena, our chief executive officer, Mr. Goetz, our President and Co-Chief Investment Officer , Mr. Krishna, our President, International, and Mr. Lipsey, our President, Client and Marketing Services have invested in their individual capacities. As of December 31, 2008, the private fund also had a $3.6 million interest in Pzena International Value Service. Both Pzena Global Value Service and Pzena International Value Service are series of Pzena Investment Management International, LLC, which is managed by our operating company. As of December 31, 2008, Mr. Pzena had also invested in the following entities, all of which are managed and co-owned by our operating company: a $1,000 initial investment in the Pzena Large Cap Value Fund, and a $2,000 initial investment in each of Pzena Emerging Market Countries Value Service and Pzena Emerging Market Focused Value Service, each a series of Pzena Investment Management International, LLC.

Related Person Transaction Policy

        We have adopted a policy regarding the approval of any transaction or series of transactions in which we or any of our subsidiaries is a participant, the amount involved exceeds $120,000, and a "related person" (as defined under SEC rules) has a direct or indirect material interest. Under the policy, a related person must promptly disclose to our General Counsel any "related person transaction" (defined as any transaction that is required to be disclosed under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K in which we were or are to be a participant and the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and in which any related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest) and all material facts about the transaction. The General Counsel will then assess and promptly communicate that information to the Audit Committee of our board of directors. Based on its consideration of all of the relevant facts and circumstances, the Audit Committee will decide whether or not to approve such transaction and will generally approve only those transactions that do not create a conflict of interest. If we become aware of an existing related person transaction that has not been pre-approved under this policy, the transaction will be referred to the Audit Committee, which will evaluate all options available, including ratification, revision or termination of such transaction. Our policy requires any director who may be interested in a related person transaction to recuse himself or herself from any consideration of such related person transaction.

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Director Independence

        Under the NYSE corporate governance rules, a majority of the Board of Directors (and each member of the Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees) must be independent. Under the NYSE corporate governance rules, a director is deemed independent if the director has no disqualifying relationship as defined in the NYSE corporate governance rules and if the Board of Directors has affirmatively determined that the director has no material relationship with the Company, either directly or as a partner, stockholder, officer or employee of an organization that has a relationship with the Company.

        The Board of Directors has determined that Messrs. Galbraith, Meyerowich and Tysoe are each "independent" for purposes of NYSE corporate governance rules.

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ITEM 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

        Aggregate fees for professional services rendered to us by Ernst & Young LLP for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were as follows:

 
  Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
  2008   2007  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Audit Fees

  $ 963   $ 1,895  

Tax Fees

    35     91  

Other Fees

        123  
           
 

Total

  $ 998   $ 2,109  
           

        Audit fees for 2007 were for professional services rendered for the audits of the consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, review procedures rendered with respect to the Company's initial public offering, and the audits of the Company's subsidiary funds. Audit fees for 2008 were for professional services rendered for the audits of the consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, professional services rendered for quarterly reviews of the consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, and the audits of the Company's subsidiary funds. Also included in 2008 fees were professional services rendered in connection with the Company's shelf registration statement filed in November 2008 and declared effective in February 2009, and other accounting consultations.

        Tax fees for 2007 and 2008 were for reviews of the Company's tax returns. A fund return review was rendered in 2007.

        Other fees for 2007 related to other attestation services over the Company's investment performance.

Pre-Approval Policy

        The charter of our Audit Committee provides that the Audit Committee shall appoint our independent auditors and shall review and approve in advance our independent auditors' annual engagement letter, including the proposed fees contained therein, as well as all audit and all permitted non-audit engagements and relationships between us and our independent auditors. The charter of the Audit Committee further provides that audit and permitted non-audit services may be approved in advance: (i) by the Audit Committee, or by one or more members of the Audit Committee designated by the Audit Committee; or (ii) based on policies and procedures adopted by the Audit Committee, provided that (a) the policies and procedures are detailed as to the particular service, (b) the Audit Committee is informed of each service on a timely basis, (c) such policies and procedures do not include delegation of the Audit Committee's responsibilities to management, and (d) such policies and procedures are disclosed in our Annual Report. To date, the Audit Committee has not adopted any policies and procedures relating to the pre-approval of audit and permitted non-audit services.

        Notwithstanding the foregoing requirement of the charter of the Audit Committee that audit and permitted non-audit services must be approved in advance, the charter of the Audit Committee provides that pre-approval is not necessary for minor non-audit services if (i) the aggregate amount of all such non-audit services provided to us constitutes not more than 5% of the total revenues paid by us to our auditors during the fiscal year in which the non-audit services are provided; (ii) such services were not recognized by us at the time of the engagement to be non-audit services; and (iii) such services are promptly brought to the attention of the Audit Committee and approved prior to the completion of the audit by the Audit Committee. We refer to the foregoing as the "De Minimus Exception." None of the services listed above for 2008 and 2007 were approved pursuant to the De Minimus Exception.

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PART IV

ITEM 15.    EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

1.
Financial Statements
 
  Page

Pzena Investment Management, Inc. (Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Reports of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 
F-2

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2008 and 2007

 
F-4

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

 
F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

 
F-6

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007

 
F-7

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Excess of Liabilities Over Assets for the Year Ended December 31, 2006

 
F-8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
F-9
2.
Financial Statement Schedules

        There are no Financial Statement Schedules filed as part of this Annual Report, since the required information is included in our consolidated financial statements and in the notes thereto.

3.
Exhibit List

        Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, we have filed or incorporated by reference the following documents. The documents are included to provide you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about the Company or the other parties to the agreements. The agreements may contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and:

        Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. Additional information about the Company may be found elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K, and the Company's other public filings, which are

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available without charge through the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov as well as through the Company's website at www.pzena.com.

Exhibit   Description of Exhibit

3.1

 

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Pzena Investment Management, Inc., effective as of October 30, 2007(1)
3.2   Amended and Restated Bylaws of Pzena Investment Management, Inc., effective as of October 30, 2007(1)
4.1   Form of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. Class A Common Stock Certificate(2)
4.2   Form of Exchange Rights of Class B Members(2)
4.3   Resale and Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and the Holders named on the signature pages thereto(1)
4.4   Class B Stockholders' Agreement, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and the Class B Stockholders named on the signature pages thereto(1)
4.5   Pzena Investment Management LLC Senior Subordinated Note for $1,250,000, dated October 28, 2008, issued to The Michele Pzena Family Trust created under the Richard Pzena Descendants Trust dated November 4, 2005, Laura Pzena, Trustee(9)
4.6   Pzena Investment Management LLC Senior Subordinated Note for $1,250,000, dated October 28, 2008, issued to The Daniel Pzena Family Trust created under the Richard Pzena Descendants Trust dated November 4, 2005, Jeffrey Pzena and William Pearce, Trustees(9)
4.7   Pzena Investment Management LLC Senior Subordinated Note for $1,250,000, dated October 28, 2008, issued to The Aaron Pzena Family Trust created under the Richard Pzena Descendants Trust dated November 4, 2005, Edward Fisher, Trustee(9)
4.8   Pzena Investment Management LLC Senior Subordinated Note for $1,250,000, dated October 28, 2008, issued to The Eric Pzena Family Trust created under the Richard Pzena Descendants Trust dated November 4, 2005, Robin Buchalter, Trustee(9)
4.9   Pzena Investment Management LLC Senior Subordinated Note for $5,000,000, dated October 28, 2008, issued to The Pzena Family 1996 Irrevocable Trust between Richard S. Pzena and Wendy M. Pzena dated December 30, 1996, Gregory Sawers, Trustee(9)
4.10   Pzena Investment Management LLC Senior Subordinated Note for $5,000,000, dated October 28, 2008, issued to Milestone Associates, L.L.C.(9)
4.11   Pzena Investment Management LLC Senior Subordinated Note for $1,000,000, dated October 28, 2008, issued to Amelia Jones Feinberg(9)
10.1   Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and the Class B Members named on the signature pages thereto(1)
10.2   Tax Receivable Agreement, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc., Pzena Investment Management, LLC and the Continuing Members and Exiting Members named on the signature pages thereto(1)
10.3   Pzena Investment Management, LLC Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan(1)
10.4   Pzena Investment Management, LLC Amended and Restated Bonus Plan (further amended October 21, 2009) (further amended October 21, 2008)(9)
10.5   Pzena Investment Management, Inc. 2007 Equity Incentive Plan(1)

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Exhibit   Description of Exhibit
10.6   Credit Agreement, dated as of July 23, 2007 among Pzena Investment Management, LLC, as the Borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and as a Lender and L/C Issuer(3)
10.7   Amendment No.1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 11, 2008 among Pzena Investment Management, LLC, as the Borrower, Pzena Alternative Investments, LLC, as the Guarantor and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and as a Lender(4)
10.8   Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement and Limited Consent and Waiver, dated as of September 22, 2008, among Pzena Investment Management, LLC as Borrower, Pzena Alternative Investments LLC as Guarantor, and Bank of America, N.A. as Administrative Agent and Lender(8)
10.9   Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement and Limited Consent and Waiver, dated October 28, 2008, among Pzena Investment Management, LLC, as the Borrower, Pzena Alternative Investments, LLC, as Guarantor, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Lender(9)
10.10   Security Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2008, among Pzena Investment Management, LLC, Pzena Alternative Investments, LLC, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent for each of the Secured Parties named therein(9)
10.11   Lease, dated as of February 4, 2003, between Magnolia Associates, Ltd. and Pzena Investment Management, LLC and the amendments thereto dated as of March 31, 2005 and October 31, 2006(5)
10.12   Executive Employment Agreement for Richard S. Pzena, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc., Pzena Investment Management, LLC and Richard S. Pzena(1)
10.13   Executive Employment Agreement for John P. Goetz, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc., Pzena Investment Management, LLC and John P. Goetz(1)
10.14   Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement for A. Rama Krishna, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc., Pzena Investment Management, LLC and A. Rama Krishna(1)
10.15   Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement for William L. Lipsey, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc., Pzena Investment Management, LLC and William L. Lipsey(1)
10.16   Indemnification Agreement for Richard S. Pzena, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and Richard S. Pzena(1)
10.17   Indemnification Agreement for Steven M. Galbraith, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and Steven M. Galbraith(1)
10.18   Indemnification Agreement for Joel M. Greenblatt, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and Joel M. Greenblatt(1)
10.19   Indemnification Agreement for Richard P. Meyerowich, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and Richard P. Meyerowich(1)
10.20   Indemnification Agreement for Myron E. Ullman, III, dated as of October 30, 2007, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and Myron E. Ullman, III(1)
10.21   Indemnification Agreement for Ronald W. Tysoe, dated as of December 11, 2008, by and among Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and Ronald W. Tysoe(10)

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Exhibit   Description of Exhibit
14.1   Code of Business Conduct and Ethics(7)
14.2   Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers(7)
16.1   Letter, dated June 11, 2007, from J.H. Cohen LLP to the Securities and Exchange Commission regarding Pzena Investment Management, LLC's change in independent accountants(6)
21.1   List of Subsidiaries of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. (filed herewith)
23.1   Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (filed herewith)
31.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) (filed herewith)
31.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) (filed herewith)
32.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)

32.2

 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)

(1)
Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 5, 2007 (SEC File No. 001-33761).

(2)
Previously filed as an exhibit to Amendment No. 4 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-143660) of Pzena Investment Management, Inc., which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 22, 2007.

(3)
Previously filed as an exhibit to Amendment No. 2 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-143660) of Pzena Investment Management, Inc., which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 6, 2007.

(4)
Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 2008 (SEC File No. 001-33761).

(5)
Previously filed as an exhibit to Amendment No. 1 of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-143660) of Pzena Investment Management, Inc., which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 10, 2007.

(6)
Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-143660) of Pzena Investment Management, Inc., which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 11, 2007.

(7)
Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's 2007 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2008 (SEC File No. 001-33761).

(8)
Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 22, 2008 (SEC File No. 001-33761).

(9)
Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 13, 2008 (SEC File No. 001-33761).

(10)
Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 12, 2008 (SEC File No. 001-33761).

97



SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Pzena Investment Management, Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: March 12, 2009

    Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

 

 

By:

 

/s/ RICHARD S. PZENA

Name: Richard S. Pzena
Title: Chief Executive Officer

        Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Wayne A. Palladino and Joan F. Berger, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done to effectuate the intent and purpose of this paragraph, as fully as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

SIGNATURE   TITLE   DATE

 

 

 

 

 
/s/ RICHARD S. PZENA

Richard S. Pzena
  Chief Executive Officer   March 12, 2009

/s/ WAYNE A. PALLADINO

Wayne A. Palladino

 

Chief Financial Officer and
Chief Accounting Officer

 

March 12, 2009

/s/ STEVEN M. GALBRAITH

Steven M. Galbraith

 

Director

 

March 12, 2009

/s/ JOEL M. GREENBLATT

Joel M. Greenblatt

 

Director

 

March 12, 2009

/s/ RICHARD P. MEYEROWICH

Richard P. Meyerowich

 

Director

 

March 12, 2009

/s/ RONALD W. TYSOE

Ronald W. Tysoe

 

Director

 

March 12, 2009

98



SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

Board of Directors

Richard S. Pzena, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

Steven M. Galbraith, Partner, Maverick Capital

Joel M. Greenblatt, Managing Partner of Gotham Capital and Gotham Asset Management

Richard P. Meyerowich, External consultant and former Senior Partner of Deloitte & Touche LLP

Ronald W. Tysoe, former vice chairman of Federated Department Stores, Inc. (now Macy's, Inc.)

Executive Officers

Richard S. Pzena, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer

John P. Goetz, President, Co-Chief Investment Officer

A. Rama Krishna, President, International

William L. Lipsey, President, Marketing and Client Service

Wayne A. Palladino, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer

Corporate Headquarters

120 West 45th Street, 20th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10036
(212) 355-1600

Investor Relations

Inquiries should be directed to:

Wayne Palladino, Chief Financial Officer
Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
120 West 45th Street, 20th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10036
(212) 355-1600

Stock Exchange Listing

Pzena Investment Management, Inc. Class A common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol PZN.

Transfer Agent

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company
Operations Center
6201 15th Avenue
Brooklyn, N.Y. 11230
(800) 937-5449
www.amstock.com

A-1


Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Ernst & Young LLP
5 Times Square
New York, N.Y. 10036

Website Access to the Company's Reports

        The Company's Internet website can be found at www.pzena.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, including financial statements and financial statement schedules, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge through our website under "Investor Relations—SEC Filings" as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.

        Our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers and Board of Directors committee charters (including the charters of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee) are available free of charge through our website under "Investor Relations—Corporate Governance".

        This information is also available in print, free of charge, upon request to our Investor Relations contact.

        The information on the Company's website is not part of, or incorporated by reference into, this report, or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC.

        You may report any concerns regarding violations of the Company's policies to an objective third party by calling (888) 475-8376 and you have the option of remaining anonymous.

Executive Certifications

        On October 20, 2008, we submitted the annual certification of our chief executive officer to the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") certifying that he is not aware of any violation by the Company of the NYSE's corporate governance listing standards. In addition, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer each have signed the certifications required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in respect of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and we have filed such certifications as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

A-2



INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF
PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.
AND PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLC

 
  Page

Pzena Investment Management, Inc. (Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

   

Reports of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

  F-2

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2008 and 2007

  F-4

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

  F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

  F-6

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007

  F-7

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Excess of Liabilities Over Assets for the Year Ended December 31, 2006

  F-8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

  F-9

F-1


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
of Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

        We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in equity, and cash flows of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. (prior to October 30, 2007—Pzena Investment Management, LLC) for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in excess of liabilities over assets, and cash flows of Pzena Investment Management, LLC for the year ended December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

        We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. at December 31, 2008 and 2007, the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in equity, and cash flows of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in excess of liabilities over assets, and cash flows of Pzena Investment Management, LLC for the year ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

        We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Pzena Investment Management, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 9, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

New York, New York
March 9, 2009

F-2



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
of Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

        We have audited Pzena Investment Management Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Pzena Investment Management, Inc.'s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

        We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

        Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

        In our opinion, Pzena Investment Management, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the COSO criteria.

        We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statements of financial condition of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in equity, and cash flows of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. (prior to October 30, 2007—Pzena Investment Management, LLC) for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in excess of liabilities over assets, and cash flows of Pzena Investment Management, LLC for the year ended December 31, 2006 and our report dated March 9, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

New York, New York
March 9, 2009

F-3



PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(in thousands, except share and per-share amounts)

 
  As of  
 
  December 31,
2008
  December 31,
2007
 

ASSETS

             
 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

  $ 27,421   $ 27,184  
 

Due from Broker

    41     268  
 

Advisory Fees Receivable

    13,606     26,061  
 

Investments in Marketable Securities, at Fair Value

    14,045     27,465  
 

Receivable from Related Parties

    191     351  
 

Other Receivables

    74     1,040  
 

Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets

    949     881  
 

Deferred Tax Asset

    3,444     68,233  
 

Property and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation of $1,913 and $1,412, respectively

    2,748     3,163  
           
   

TOTAL ASSETS

  $ 62,519   $ 154,646  
           

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

             
 

Liabilities:

             
   

Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

  $ 4,338   $ 8,542  
   

Securities Sold Short, at Fair Value

        1,028  
   

Due to Broker

    47     4,101  
   

Dividends Payable

        7,045  
   

Term Loan

    22,000     60,000  
   

Senior Subordinated Debt to Related Parties

    16,000      
   

Liability to Selling Shareholders

    1,787     58,391  
   

Other Liabilities

    2,007     1,105  
           
     

TOTAL LIABILITIES

    46,179     140,212  
 

Non-Controlling Interests

   
11,819
   
16,355
 
 

Equity:

             
   

Preferred Stock (Par Value $0.01; 200,000,000 Shares Authorized; None Outstanding)

         
   

Class A Common Stock (Par Value $0.01; 750,000,000 Shares Authorized; 6,187,068 and 6,111,118 Shares Issued and Outstanding in 2008 and 2007, respectively)

    61     61  
   

Class B Common Stock (Par Value $0.000001; 750,000,000 Shares Authorized; 57,975,724 and 57,937,910 Shares Issued and Outstanding in 2008 and 2007, respectively)

         
   

Additional Paid-In Capital

    9,749     (2,043 )
   

Retained Earnings/(Accumulated Deficit)

    (5,289 )   61  
           
     

TOTAL EQUITY

    4,521     (1,921 )
           
     

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

  $ 62,519   $ 154,646  
           

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

F-4



PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.
(Prior to October 30, 2007—Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per-share amounts)

 
  For the Year Ended  
 
  December 31, 2008   December 31, 2007   December 31, 2006  

REVENUE

  $ 101,404   $ 147,149   $ 115,087  
               

EXPENSES

                   

Compensation and Benefits Expense

    25,655     129,701     305,632  

General and Administrative Expenses

    11,356     13,038     8,380  
               
 

TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES

    37,011     142,739     314,012  
               

Operating Income/(Loss)

    64,393     4,410     (198,925 )
               

OTHER INCOME/(EXPENSE)

                   

Interest and Dividend Income

    1,800     2,093     1,431  

Interest Expense

    (3,362 )   (1,797 )   (15 )

Realized and Unrealized Gain/(Loss), Net on Marketable Securities and Securities Sold Short

    (18,245 )   (3,464 )   3,280  

Equity in Earnings/(Loss) of Affiliates

        (3 )   614  

Write-Down of Liability to Selling Shareholders

    56,200          

Other

    (708 )   1,035     804  
               
 

Total Other Income/(Expense)

    35,685     (2,136 )   6,114  

Income/(Loss) Before Income Taxes and Non-Controlling Interests

    100,078     2,274     (192,811 )

Provision for Income Taxes

    67,680     5,610     3,941  

Non-Controlling Interests

    36,095     (20,644 )   1,997  
               

Income/(Loss) Before Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units

    (3,697 )   17,308     (198,749 )

Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units

        16,575     516,708  
               

Net Income/(Loss)

  $ (3,697 ) $ 733   $ (715,457 )
               

Net Income/(Loss) for Basic Earnings per Share(1)

 
$

(3,697

)

$

733
       

Basic Earnings/(Loss) per Share(1)

  $ (0.60 ) $ 0.12        

Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding(1)

    6,122,569     6,111,118        

Net Income/(Loss) for Diluted Earnings per Share(1)

 
$

(3,697

)

$

7,765
       

Diluted Earnings/(Loss) per Share(1)

  $ (0.60 ) $ 0.12        

Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding(1)

    6,122,569     64,056,778        

Supplementary 2007 and 2006 Pro Forma Information—Note 18 (unaudited)

                   

Provision for Income Taxes

        $ 9,029   $ 6,625  

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

        $ 0.81   $ 0.60  

(1)
Represents the Company's weighted average shares and its earnings generated through its economic interest in the operating company subsequent to October 30, 2007.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

F-5


PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.
(Prior to October 30, 2007—Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

 
  For the Year Ended  
 
  December 31,
2008
  December 31,
2007
  December 31,
2006
 

OPERATING ACTIVITIES

                   
 

Net Income/(Loss)

  $ (3,697 ) $ 733   $ (715,457 )
   

Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income/(Loss) to Cash Provided by Operating Activities:

                   
     

Depreciation

    501     368     292  
     

Non-Cash Compensation

    4,952     2,752     252,945  
     

Non-Cash Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units

        78,517     483,824  
     

Director Share Grant

    227          
     

Realized and Unrealized (Gain)/Loss, Net on Marketable Securities and Securities Sold Short

    18,245     3,464     (3,280 )
     

Non-Controlling Interests

    36,095     (20,644 )   1,997  
     

Equity in Losses/(Earnings) of Affiliates

        3     (614 )
     

Write-off of Capitalized Expenditures

            115  
     

Write-down of Liability to Selling Shareholders

    (56,200 )        
     

Deferred Income Taxes

    64,592     196     398  
   

Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities:

                   
     

Advisory Fees Receivable

    12,455     (845 )   (8,096 )
     

Due from Broker

    227     614     197  
     

Restricted Cash

        2,014     (620 )
     

Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets

    1,180     (545 )   369  
     

Due to Broker

    (4,054 )   1,327     2,774  
     

Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

    (3,837 )   3,772     (262 )
     

Purchases of Marketable Securities and Securities Sold Short

    (35,340 )   (35,949 )   (19,219 )
     

Proceeds from Sale of Marketable Securities and Securities Sold Short

    29,485     45,165     21,030  
               
 

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

    64,831     80,941     16,393  
               

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

                   
   

Investments in Affiliates

            (2,619 )
   

Investments in Investment Partnerships

            5,460  
   

Receivable from Related Parties

    3     251     (43 )
   

Purchases of Property and Equipment

    (86 )   (1,656 )   (273 )
               
 

Net Cash Provided by/ (Used in) Investing Activities

    (83 )   (1,405 )   2,525  
               

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

                   
   

Contributions from Members for Option Exercise

        3,609     5,160  
   

Capital Contribution

    172          
   

Contributions from Non-Controlling Interests

    7,082     12,083     2,467  
   

Distributions to Non-Controlling Interests

    (5,253 )   (12,506 )   (1,036 )
   

Net Proceeds from Initial Public Offering

        98,914      
   

Purchase of Operating Company Units

        (98,914 )    
   

Debt Proceeds

    16,000     60,000      
   

Debt Repayment

    (38,000 )        
   

Dividends

    (2,324 )        
   

Distributions to Members

    (42,188 )   (138,398 )    
               
 

Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Financing Activities

    (64,511 )   (75,212 )   6,591  
               

NET CHANGE IN CASH

  $ 237   $ 4,324   $ 25,509  
               

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—Beginning of Year

  $ 27,184   $ 30,920   $ 4,969  
 

Effect of Initial Consolidation of Affiliates

        (8,060 )   442  
               
 

Cash and Cash Equivalents—Beginning of Year (Adjusted)

    27,184     22,860     5,411  
 

Net Change in Cash

    237     4,324     25,509  
               

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—End of Year

  $ 27,421   $ 27,184   $ 30,920  
               

Supplementary Cash Flow Information:

                   
 

Interest Paid:

                   
   

On Mandatorily Redeemable Units

  $   $ 14,560   $ 32,884  
               
   

Other

  $ 4,046   $ 982   $ 15  
               
 

Income Taxes Paid

  $ 3,847   $ 4,291   $ 3,290  
               

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

F-6


PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.
(Prior to October 30, 2007—Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in thousands, except share and per-share amounts)

 
  Capital
Units
  Shares of
Class A
Common
Stock
  Shares of
Class B
Common
Stock
  Members'
Capital
  Class A
Common
Stock
  Additional
Paid-In
Capital
  Retained
Earnings
  Excess of
Liabilities
Over Assets
  Total  

Balance at December 31, 2006

              $   $   $   $   $ (729,966 ) $ (729,966 )

Net Loss Prior to Amendment of Operating Agreement on 3/31/2007

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
(88,075

)
 
(88,075

)

Amortization of Deferred Compensation Prior to Amendment of Operating Agreement on 3/31/2007

                                1,901     1,901  

Reclassification of Liabilities to Capital Units

    63,778,720             875,096             (816,140 )   816,140     875,096  

Net Income Subsequent to Amendment of Operating Agreement on 3/31/2007 and Prior to Initial Public Offering on October 30, 2007

                            56,589         56,589  

Amortization of Deferred Compensation Subsequent to Amendment of Operating Agreement on 3/31/2007 and Prior to Initial Public Offering on October 30, 2007

                851                     851  

Unit Forfeiture Subsequent to Amendment of Operating Agreement on 3/31/2007 and Prior to Initial Public Offering on October 30, 2007

    (7,500 )                                

Option Exercise Subsequent to Amendment of Operating Agreement on 3/31/2007 and Prior to Initial Public Offering on October 30, 2007

    266,690             3,609                     3,609  

Distributions to Members Subsequent to Amendment of Operating Agreement on 3/31/2007 and Prior to Initial Public Offering on October 30, 2007

                (131,988 )                   (131,988 )

Initial Public Offering

    (64,037,910 )   6,111,118     57,937,910     (747,568 )   61     (1,740 )   759,551         10,304  

Net Income Subsequent to Initial Public Offering

                            733         733  

Equity Effect of Operating Company Net Deficit on Minority and Non-Controlling Interests

                        (303 )           (303 )

Class A Cash Dividends Declared ($0.11 per share)

                            (672 )       (672 )
                                       

Balance at December 31, 2007

        6,111,118     57,937,910   $   $ 61   $ (2,043 ) $ 61   $   $ (1,921 )

Issuance of Class A Common Stock

   
   
75,950
   
   
   
   
46
   
   
   
46
 

Issuance of Class B Common Stock and Amortization of Deferred Compensation

            37,814             33             33  

Net Loss

                            (3,697 )       (3,697 )

Capital Contribution

                        172             172  

Amortization of Option Grants

                        398             398  

Equity Effect of Operating Company Net Deficit on Non-Controlling Interests

                        11,143             11,143  

Class A Cash Dividends Paid ($0.27 per share)

                            (1,653 )       (1,653 )
                                       

Balance at December 31, 2008

        6,187,068     57,975,724   $   $ 61   $ 9,749   $ (5,289 ) $   $ 4,521  
                                       

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

F-7



PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.
(Prior to October 30, 2007—Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EXCESS OF LIABILITIES
OVER ASSETS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006
(in thousands)

Balance at December 31, 2005

  $ (19,669 )
 

Loss before Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units

    (198,749 )
 

Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units

    (516,708 )
 

Contributions

    5,160  
       

Balance at December 31, 2006

  $ (729,966 )
       

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

F-8



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1—Organization

        The Company functions as the holding company through which the business of its operating company, Pzena Investment Management, LLC, is conducted. The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware on May 8, 2007. On May 10, 2007, the Company issued 100 shares of its common stock for $100 to Richard S. Pzena, the sole director of the Company as of that date. On October 30, 2007, the Company consummated an initial public offering of 6,100,000 shares of its Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $98.9 million, after payment of underwriting discounts and offering expenses. These net proceeds were used to purchase 6,100,000 membership units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, representing 9.5% of its then outstanding membership units, from its two outside investors and one former employee. Concurrently with the consummation of the Company's initial public offering, the Operating Agreement of Pzena Investment Management, LLC (the "Operating Agreement") was amended and restated such that, among other things, the Company became the sole managing member of Pzena Investment Management, LLC. The acquisition of the operating company's membership interests by the Company has been treated as a reorganization of entities under common control pursuant to the guidance set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board Technical Bulletin No. 85-5, Issues Relating to Accounting for Business Combinations ("FTB 85-5"). Accordingly, the net assets assumed by the Company through the offering have been reported at Pzena Investment Management, LLC's historical cost basis. As a result of these transactions, as of and subsequent to October 30, 2007, (i) the Company has consolidated the financial results of Pzena Investment Management, LLC with its own and reflected the membership interest in it that it does not own as a non-controlling interest in its consolidated financial statements, and (ii) the Company recognizes income generated from its economic interest in Pzena Investment Management, LLC's net income. Reported results for the periods prior to October 30, 2007 reflect solely the operations of Pzena Investment Management, LLC.

        Pzena Investment Management, LLC is an investment adviser which is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and is headquartered in New York, New York. As of December 31, 2008, the Company managed assets in a variety of value-oriented investment strategies across a wide range of market capitalizations in both U.S. and international capital markets.

        The Company, through its investment in its operating company, has consolidated the results of operations and financial condition of the following private investment partnerships as of December 31, 2008:

Entity
  Type of Entity (Date of Formation)   Ownership at
December 31,
2008
 

Pzena Large Cap Value Fund

  Massachusetts Trust (11/1/2002)     99.6 %

Pzena International Value Service

  Delaware Limited Liability Company (12/22/2003)     2.5 %

Pzena Global Value Service

  Delaware Limited Liability Company (12/22/2003)     0.5 %

Pzena Emerging Markets Country Value Service

  Delaware Limited Liability Company (12/28/2007)     99.9 %

Pzena Emerging Markets Focused Value Service

  Delaware Limited Liability Company (12/28/2007)     99.9 %

        Pursuant to its Operating Agreement, the operating company will continue until December 31, 2026, unless a terminating event, as defined in the Operating Agreement, occurs prior to this date. Operating company members are not liable for repayment, satisfaction or discharge of any debts, liabilities or obligations of the operating company, except to the extent of their capital accounts.

F-9



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation:

        The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and related Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations. The Company's policy is to consolidate all majority-owned subsidiaries in which it has a controlling financial interest and variable interest entities where the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary ("Consolidated Subsidiaries"). Pursuant to the guidance of Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 04-5, Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights ("EITF 04-5"), the Company also consolidates non-variable-interest entities in which it acts as the general partner or managing member. All of these entities represent private investment partnerships over which the Company exercises or exercised control. Non-controlling interests recorded on the consolidated financial statements of the Company include the non-controlling interests of the outside investors in each of these entities, as well as those of the operating company. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated.

        The Pzena International Value Service and the Pzena Global Value Service are limited liability companies whose managing members are or were members of the executive committee of the operating company or the operating company itself. Neither of these entities are considered variable-interest entities, as the managing members have substantive interests in the partnerships. Each of these limited liability companies are considered entities "similar" to limited partnerships and thus subject to the guidance of EITF 04-5. Under each of their respective operating agreements, none of these entities' non-managing members have the ability to remove the managing member under any circumstance, nor do they have any participating rights. As a result, nothing substantive exists to overcome the presumption of control by the managing member laid out by EITF 04-5. As the managing members of these entities are, or were, either the operating company or one of the controlling persons of the operating company, their results of operations and financial position have been consolidated.

        During 2008, the decision was made to close the Pzena Large Cap Value Fund II, the Pzena Emerging Markets Value Service, the Pzena Mega Cap Value Fund and Pzena Value Partners. The results of operations and financial position of each of these entities were consolidated until the dates of their respective liquidations.

        All of the consolidated investment partnerships are, or were, investment companies under the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Audit and Accounting Guide for Investment Companies (the "AICPA Guide"). The Company has retained the specialized accounting for these partnerships pursuant to Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 85-12, Retention of Specialized Accounting for Investments in Consolidation ("EITF 85-12"). Thus, the Company reports the investment partnerships' investments in marketable securities and securities sold short at fair value, with net realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in earnings in the consolidated statements of operations.

        The Company records in its own equity its pro rata share of transactions that impact the operating company's net equity, including equity and option issuances and adjustments to accumulated other comprehensive income. The operating company's pro rata share of such transactions are recorded as adjustments to additional paid-in capital or non-controlling interest, as applicable, on the consolidated statements of financial position. As discussed further in Note 15, the Company did not initially record a

F-10



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)


non-controlling interest associated with the acquisition of its operating company, as the post offering net equity of the operating company was less than zero. Pursuant to the guidance in Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 95-7, Implementation Issues Related to the Treatment of Minority Interest in Certain Real Estate Trusts ("EITF 95-7"), an operating company non-controlling interest was recorded after the initial deficit that existed at acquisition was extinguished in 2008.

        The Company acts as the investment manager for four trusts and one offshore investment company, each of which are considered variable-interest entities. All of these entities are vehicles through which the Company offers its Global Value and/or International Value strategies. The Company is not considered the primary beneficiary of any of these entities. Correspondingly, their results of operations and financial condition are not consolidated by the Company. The total net assets of these variable-interest entities were approximately $446.0 million and $902.8 million at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. The Company is not exposed to losses as a result of its involvement with these entities because it has no direct investment in them.

        Investments in private investment partnerships in which the Company has a non-controlling interest and exercises significant influence are accounted for using the equity method. Such investments, if any, are reflected on the consolidated statements of financial condition as investments in affiliates and are recorded at the amount of capital reported by the respective private investment partnerships. Such capital accounts reflect the contributions paid to, distributions received from, and the equity earnings of, the private investment partnerships. The earnings of these private investment partnerships are included in equity in loss of affiliates in the consolidated statements of operations.

        Prior to March 31, 2007, the operating company's membership units were categorized as either compensatory units or capital units. Because these units each had features of both debt and equity, the operating company accounted for them pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment ("FAS 123(R)"), and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 150, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity ("FAS 150"), as described further below.

        Compensatory units consisted of a series of annual Profits Only Interest and Class C Profits Interest awards issued between 2002 and 2006 that were granted to employees and members for services rendered. Through March 31, 2007, the distributions associated with these units, and the subsequent incremental increase or decrease in their redemption value, were accounted for as part of compensation and benefits expense on the consolidated statements of operations, as further discussed below.

        Capital units included units issued to founders and those purchased by certain employees. Through March 31, 2007, the distributions associated with these units, and the subsequent incremental increase or decrease in their redemption value, were accounted for as part of interest on mandatorily redeemable units on the consolidated statements of operations.

        Effective March 31, 2007, the operating company amended its Operating Agreement to remove all mandatory redemption provisions. As all of its membership units thereafter had only equity characteristics, neither distributions, nor subsequent incremental changes to their value, were charged against income from the effective date of the amendment.

F-11



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Management's Use of Estimates:

        The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments:

        The carrying amount of all financial instruments in the consolidated statements of financial condition, including investments in marketable securities, approximates their fair values.

Revenue Recognition:

        Revenue, comprised of advisory fee income, is recognized over the period in which investment management services are provided. Advisory fee income includes management fees that are calculated based on percentages of assets under management, generally billed quarterly, either in arrears or advance, depending on their contractual terms. Advisory fee income also includes incentive fees that may be earned by the Company depending on the investment return of the assets under management. Incentive fee arrangements generally entitle the Company to participate, on a fixed-percentage basis, in any returns generated in excess of an agreed-upon benchmark. The Company's participation percentage in such return differentials is then multiplied by assets under management to determine the incentive fees earned. Returns are calculated on an annualized basis over the contract's measurement period, which may extend up to three years. Incentive fees are generally payable annually. Pursuant to the preferred accounting method under Emerging Issues Task Force Issue D-96, Accounting for Management Fees Based on a Formula ("EITF D-96"), such incentive fee income is recorded at the conclusion of the contractual performance period, when all contingencies are resolved. The Company recognized no such incentive fees for the year ended December 31, 2008. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company recognized approximately $0.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively, in incentive fee income.

Unit-based Compensation:

        Until March 31, 2007, compensation and benefits expense included the distributions made on compensatory units outstanding, as well as the incremental increases or decreases in the redemption values of these units subsequent to their grant date, over their vesting period. Distributions were generally paid on the operating company's income before non-cash compensation charges. Redemption values were determined based on fair value.

        The Operating Agreement was amended as of March 31, 2007 to eliminate the obligation to redeem units under any circumstance. Since all compensatory units thereafter had only equity characteristics, neither distributions, nor subsequent incremental changes to these units' value, were charged against income subsequent to March 31, 2007. In addition, as of March 31, 2007, the operating company accelerated the vesting of all compensatory units then subject to vesting. The operating company recorded a $65.0 million one-time charge in compensation and benefits expense associated with this acceleration as of March 31, 2007.

F-12



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units:

        Until the amendment of its Operating Agreement on March 31, 2007, the operating company recorded interest on mandatorily redeemable units equal to the distributions made on capital units outstanding, as well as the incremental increases or decreases in the redemption values of these units. Distributions were generally paid on the operating company's income before non-cash compensation charges. Redemption values were determined based on fair value.

        Prior to March 31, 2007, capital units were required to be redeemed on the death of a member. Effective March 31, 2007, the Operating Agreement was amended to eliminate the obligation to redeem units under any circumstance. Since all capital units thereafter had only equity characteristics, neither distributions, nor subsequent incremental changes to these units' value, were charged against income subsequent to the effective date of the amendment. The $16.6 million charge recorded in 2007 represents the distributions and incremental changes to these units' fair value through March 31, 2007.

Earnings per Share:

        Prior to October 30, 2007, reported results of operations are solely those of Pzena Investment Management, LLC. Since the operating company is a private limited liability company, no historical earnings per share calculations have been reported prior to this date. Subsequent to October 30, 2007, earnings per share reflect the per share allocation of the Company's economic interest in its operating company.

        Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the Company's net income or loss by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share adjusts this calculation to reflect the impact of all outstanding operating company membership units, as well as outstanding operating company options and phantom units, to the extent that they would have a dilutive effect on net income per share for the reporting period. Net income for diluted earnings per share generally assumes all operating company membership units are converted into Company stock at the beginning of the reporting period and the resulting change to Company net income associated with its increased interest in the operating company is taxed at the Company's effective tax rate. Should the additional assumed incremental units and/or income result in a reduction of a per share loss, the assumed effects of such a conversion are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share. For the year ended December 31, 2008, 57,975,724 operating company units, 3,153,122 options to purchase operating company units and 153,829 phantom operating company units were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share, as their inclusion would have had an antidilutive effect for the year. For the year ended December 31, 2007, 150,000 options to purchase operating company units were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share, as their inclusion would have had an antidilutive effect.

F-13



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

        For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company's basic and diluted earnings per share were determined as follows (in thousands, except for share and per-share amounts):

 
  For the
Year Ended
December 31,
2008
 

Net Loss for Basic Earnings per Share

  $ (3,697 )
       

Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

    6,122,569  

Basic Earnings per Share

  $ (0.60 )
       

Net Loss for Diluted Earnings per Share

 
$

(3,697

)
       

Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

    6,122,569  

Diluted Earnings per Share

  $ (0.60 )
       

 

 
  For the
Year Ended
December 31,
2007
 

Net Income for Basic Earnings per Share

  $ 733  
       

Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

    6,111,118  

Basic Earnings per Share

  $ 0.12  
       

Net Income for Diluted Earnings per Share

 
$

7,765
 
       

Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

    6,111,118  

Dilutive Effect of Operating Company Units

    57,937,910  

Dilutive Effect of Operating Company Options

    7,750  
       

Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding

    64,056,778  
       

Diluted Earnings per Share

  $ 0.12  
       

Cash and Cash Equivalents:

        The Company considers all highly-liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash in bank deposits and other accounts, the majority of which are held at two financial institutions. These balances, at times, exceed federally insured limits.

        Interest on cash and cash equivalents is recorded as interest income on an accrual basis on the consolidated statements of operations.

F-14



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Due to/from Broker:

        Due to/from broker consists primarily of cash balances and amounts receivable/payable for unsettled securities transactions held/initiated at the clearing brokers of the Company's consolidated investment partnerships.

Investments in Securities:

        Investments in marketable securities and securities sold short represent primarily the securities held by the Company's consolidated investment partnerships. All such securities are recorded at fair value, with net realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in earnings in the consolidated statements of operations.

        The Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 157, Fair Value Measurements ("FAS 157"), on January 1, 2008. FAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. FAS 157 also establishes a framework for measuring fair value and a valuation hierarchy based upon the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of an asset or liability. Classification within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The valuation hierarchy contains three levels: (i) valuation inputs are unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets (Level 1); (ii) valuation inputs are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and other observable inputs directly or indirectly related to the asset or liability being measured (Level 2); and (iii) valuation inputs are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement (Level 3).

        The Company's fair value measurements relate to its interest rate swap, as well as its investments in marketable securities, which are primarily exchange-traded securities with quoted prices in active markets. The fair value measurement of the interest rate swap has been determined primarily based upon the market prices for interest rate swaps with similar provisions and the use of forward interest rate curves, and has been classified as Level 2, and recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial condition. The fair value measurements of the securities have been classified as Level 1.

        The following table presents these instruments' fair value at December 31, 2008 (in thousands):

 
  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3  

Assets:

                   
 

Marketable Securities

  $ 14,045   $   $  

Liabilities:

                   
 

Interest Rate Swap

        (628 )    
               
 

Total Fair Value

  $ 14,045   $ (628 ) $  
               

F-15



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Securities Valuation:

        Investments in marketable equity securities and securities sold short which are traded on a national securities exchange are carried at fair value based on the last reported sales price on the valuation date. If no reported sales occurred on the valuation date, investments in securities are valued at the bid price and securities sold short are valued at the ask price. Securities transactions are recorded on the trade date.

        The net realized gain or loss on sales of securities and securities sold short is determined on a specific identification basis and is included in realized and unrealized loss, net on marketable securities and securities sold short in the consolidated statements of operations.

Concentrations of Credit Risk:

        Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, amounts due from brokers and advisory fees receivable. The Company maintains its cash and temporary cash investments in bank deposits and other accounts whose balances, at times, exceed federally insured limits.

        The concentration of credit risk with respect to advisory fees receivable is generally limited due to the short payment terms extended to clients by the Company. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates its advisory fees receivable and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts, if necessary, based on a history of past write-offs and collections and current credit conditions. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, approximately 13.9%, 20.4% and 20.3%, respectively, of the Company's advisory fees were generated from an advisory agreement with one client. At December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, no allowance for doubtful accounts has been deemed necessary.

Financial Instruments:

        On February 28, 2008, the operating company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates associated with the credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") discussed in Note 11. The counterparty to this agreement is a major financial institution. The Company designated the interest rate swap agreement as a cash flow hedge of the Credit Agreement effective February 28, 2008. Pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities ("FAS 133"), the Company recorded the cash flow hedge at fair value on the consolidated statement of financial condition. Additionally, the Company's pro rata share of the changes in the fair value of this agreement were recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

        During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the Company changed the designation of its swap agreement from a cash flow hedge to a trading derivative, as a significant portion of the cash flows associated with the original forecasted transaction were probable to not occur due to amortization payments required be made pursuant to the terms of its amended Credit Agreement. Accordingly, the Company reclassified the cumulative changes in fair value related to this swap from accumulated other comprehensive income to other income/(expense). In addition, the Company recorded all subsequent changes to the swap's fair value as a component of other income/(expense). For the year ended

F-16



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)


December 31, 2008, the Company recognized approximately $0.8 million in other expense associated with these adjustments.

        At December 31, 2008, the approximate fair value of the liability associated with the swap agreement was $0.6 million and has been included in other liabilities on the statement of financial condition.

Property and Equipment:

        Property and equipment is carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which range from three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the remaining lease term.

Business Segments:

        The Company views its operations as comprising one operating segment.

Income Taxes:

        The Company is a "C" corporation under the Internal Revenue Code, and thus liable for federal, state and local taxes on the income derived from its economic interest in its operating company. The operating company is a limited liability company that has elected to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes. It has not made a provision for federal or state income taxes because it is the personal responsibility of each of the operating company's members (including the Company) to separately report their proportionate share of the operating company's taxable income or loss. Similarly, the income of the Company's consolidated investment partnerships is not subject to income taxes, as it is allocated to each partnership's individual partners. The operating company has made a provision for New York City Unincorporated Business Tax, or New York City UBT.

        The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries account for all state, local and federal taxation pursuant to the asset and liability method, which requires deferred income tax assets and liabilities to be recorded for temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount more likely than not to be realized. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recorded a $62.7 million valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset recorded as part of the Company's initial public offering. At December 31, 2007, no such valuation allowances were deemed necessary. The income tax provision, or credit, is the tax payable or refundable for the period, plus or minus the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company records its deferred tax liabilities as a component of other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

F-17



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Foreign Currency:

        Investment securities and other assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured into U.S. dollar amounts at the date of valuation. Purchases and sales of investment securities and income and expense items denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured into U.S. dollar amounts on the respective dates of such transactions.

        The Company does not isolate that portion of the results of its operations resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates on investments from the fluctuations arising from changes in market prices of securities held. Such fluctuations are included in the net realized and unrealized loss, net on marketable securities and securities sold short in the consolidated statements of operations.

        Reported net realized foreign exchange gains or losses arise from sales of foreign currencies, currency gains or losses realized between the trade and settlement dates on securities transactions, and the difference between the amounts of dividends, interest, and foreign withholding taxes recorded on the Company's books and the U.S. dollar equivalent of the amounts actually received or paid. Net realized foreign exchange gains and losses arise from changes in the fair values of assets and liabilities resulting from changes in exchange rates.

New Accounting Pronouncements:

        In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("FAS 159"). FAS 159 permits an entity to elect to measure certain financial instruments and certain other items at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. FAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Since the Company chose not to elect this fair value option, the impact of the adoption of this statement was not material.

        In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations ("FAS 141R") which replaces Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141, Business Combinations. FAS 141R establishes the principles and requirements for how an acquirer: (i) recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree; (ii) recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase; and (iii) discloses the business combination. FAS 141R applies to all transactions in which an entity obtains control of one or more businesses, including transactions that occur without the transfer of any type of consideration. FAS 141R is effective on a prospective basis for all business combinations on or after December 15, 2008, with the exception of the accounting for valuation allowances on deferred taxes and acquired tax contingencies. The adoption of FAS 141R on January 1, 2009 will apply to future acquisitions, and its impact will depend on the nature and volume of those transactions.

        In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51 ("FAS 160"). FAS 160 amends ARB No. 51 and establishes accounting and reporting standards that require non-controlling interests (previously referred to as minority interest) to be reported as a component of equity, changes in a parent's ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling interest be accounted for as equity transactions, and upon a loss of control, retained ownership interest

F-18



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)


will be remeasured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. FAS 160 is effective for the Company on January 1, 2009, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, which will be applied retrospectively. The adoption of FAS 160 will only impact the Company's presentation of its consolidated financial statements.

        In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("FAS 161"). FAS 161 is intended to improve financial reporting about derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosures to enable investors to better understand their effects on an entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. It is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. As FAS 161 only affects financial statement disclosure, the impact of adoption will be limited to financial statement disclosure.

        In June 2008, the FASB issued EITF 03-6-1, Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities ("EITF 03-6-1"). The EITF release states that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and shall be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. EITF 03-6-1 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those years. The adoption of EITF 03-6-1 on January 1, 2009 will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

F-19



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 3—Property and Equipment

        Property and equipment, net, is comprised of the following:

 
  As of December 31,  
 
  2008   2007  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Computer Hardware

  $ 921   $ 796  

Computer Software

    191     152  

Furniture and Fixtures

    1,161     1,156  

Office Equipment

    243     243  

Leasehold Improvements

    2,145     2,228  
           
 

Total

    4,661     4,575  

Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization

    (1,913 )   (1,412 )
           
 

Total

  $ 2,748   $ 3,163  
           

        Depreciation is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $0.5 million, $0.4 million, and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.

Note 4—Related Party Transactions

        For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company earned $6.4 million, $7.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively, in investment advisory fees from unconsolidated entities for which it acts as the investment manager.

        At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had advanced $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, to an international investment company for organization and start-up costs, which are included in receivable from related parties on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company is the sponsor and investment manager of this entity.

        At December 31, 2008 and 2007, receivable from related parties included $0.1 million of loans to employees. These loans are in the form of forgivable promissory notes which are amortized through compensation expense pursuant to their terms. For each of the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, approximately $0.2 million of such amortization was recognized as compensation and benefits expense.

        Employees of the Company who are considered accredited investors have the ability to open separately-managed accounts, or invest in certain of the Company's consolidated investment partnerships, without being assessed advisory fees. Investments by employees in separately-managed accounts are permitted only at the discretion of the Executive Committee of the Company, but are generally not subject to the same minimum investment levels that are required of outside investors. Some of the investment advisory fees that are waived on separately managed accounts for employees are for strategies that typically have account fee minimums, which vary by strategy, but typically average approximately $50,000 per account per year.

        During the year ended December 31, 2008, an unaffiliated shareholder who held more than 10% of the Company's outstanding shares sold shares in transactions deemed to be short-swing sales. Under

F-20



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 4—Related Party Transactions (Continued)


Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the shareholder was required to disgorge to the Company the $0.2 million in profits realized from these stock sales. The Company recognized these proceeds as a capital contribution from a shareholder and reflected a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital in its consolidated statements of changes in equity. Proceeds from these transactions did not affect the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

        As discussed in Note 11, on October 28, 2008, the operating company issued an aggregate of $16.0 million principal amount of Senior Subordinated Notes to entities established by Richard S. Pzena, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, for the benefit of certain of his family members, an entity controlled by a Company Director, and a former employee.

Note 5—Investments in Affiliates

        The Company held an investment in, and acted as manager of, an unconsolidated investment partnership which was accounted for under the equity method. Summary financial information related to this entity is as follows:

 
  PAI Hedged Value Fund, LLC  
 
  For the Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2007   2006  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Net Investment Income

  $ 1   $ 140  

Net Realized and Unrealized Income/(Loss)

    (49 )   1,125  
           

Net Income (Loss)

  $ (48 ) $ 1,265  
           

Company's Equity in Earnings/(Loss)

  $ (3 ) $ 614  
           

Ownership Percentage

    0 %   29 %

        In the fourth quarter of 2007, the decision was made to dissolve the PAI Hedged Value Fund, LLC. This entity was consolidated beginning October 1, 2007, the effective date of the withdrawal of the external joint venture partner, until it was fully liquidated on December 28, 2007.

Note 6—Commitments and Contingencies

        In the normal course of business, the Company enters into agreements that include indemnities in favor of third parties, such as engagement letters with advisors and consultants. In certain cases, the Company may have recourse against third parties with respect to these indemnities. The Company maintains insurance policies that may provide coverage against certain claims under these indemnities. FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others ("FIN 45"), providing accounting and disclosure requirements for certain guarantees. The Company has had no claims or payments pursuant to these agreements, and it believes the likelihood of a claim being made is remote. Utilizing the methodology in FIN 45, the Company's estimate of the value of such guarantees is de minimis, and, therefore, an accrual has not been made in the consolidated financial statements.

F-21



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 6—Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

        The Company may be subject to various legal and administrative proceedings in the normal course of business. On November 21, 2007 and January 16, 2008, substantively identical putative class action lawsuits were commenced in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company and Richard S. Pzena, the Company's chief executive officer, seeking remedies under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Court consolidated the lawsuits and appointed co-lead plaintiffs, who filed a consolidated amended complaint. The consolidated amended complaint named as defendants the Company, Richard S. Pzena, and two of the underwriters of the Company's initial public offering, Goldman Sachs & Co., Inc. and UBS Securities LLC. Plaintiffs sought to represent a class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired Class A common stock issued pursuant or traceable to the Company's initial public offering. The consolidated amended complaint alleged that the registration statement and prospectus relating to the initial public offering of the Company's Class A common stock contained material misstatements and omissions and wrongfully failed to disclose net redemptions in the John Hancock Classic Value Fund, for which the Company acts as sub-investment advisor. The consolidated amended complaint sought damages in an unspecified amount including rescission or rescissory damages. The Court granted Company's motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint and, on September 4, 2008, the Court entered a judgment in favor of the Company. Plaintiffs have filed a Notice of Appeal of the Court's judgment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. The Company believes that the allegations and claims are without merit and will continue to contest these claims vigorously.

        The Company leases office space under a non-cancelable operating lease agreement which expires on October 31, 2015. The Company reflects lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In early 2007, the Company agreed to lease additional office space at the Company's headquarters at 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York. The Company took possession of this space on March 1, 2007. The new lease is co-terminous with the Company's existing lease.

        Lease expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $2.0 million, $1.8 million and $1.2 million, respectively and included in general and administrative expense.

Year Ending December 31,
  Minimum Payments  
 
  (in thousands)
 

2009

  $ 1,949  

2010

    1,965  

2011

    2,074  

2012

    2,099  

2013

    2,099  

Thereafter

    3,847  
       
 

Total

  $ 14,033  
       

Note 7—Retirement Plan

        The Company maintains a defined contribution pension plan which covers substantially all members and employees. The Company may make contributions to the plan at the discretion of management. Under the terms of the plan, all such contributions vest immediately. The expenses associated with this plan for years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $1.3 million, $1.4 million, and $1.1 million, respectively. These expenses are included in compensation and benefits expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

F-22



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 8—Compensation and Benefits

        As discussed further in Note 16, the operating company issued compensatory units to employees and members which had redemption features that required them to be classified as liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition prior to March 31, 2007. Until this date, distributions on the compensatory units outstanding, and changes in these units' redemption values, were recorded as compensation and benefits expense. Effective December 31, 2006, the terms of these units' redemption features were changed from a formula-based plan to a fair value based plan. The increase in value associated with this change, approximately $232.5 million, was charged to compensation and benefits expense on December 31, 2006.

        Compensation and benefits expense to employees and members is comprised of the following:

 
  For the Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2008   2007   2006  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Cash Compensation and Other Benefits

  $ 20,703   $ 33,924   $ 34,830  

Distributions on Compensatory Units

        12,087     17,857  

Change in Redemption Value of Compensatory Units

        15,969     20,411  

Change from Formula to Fair Value Plan for Compensatory Units

            232,534  

Acceleration of Vesting of Compensatory Units

        64,968      

Other Non-Cash Compensation

    4,952     2,753      
               
 

Total Compensation and Benefits Expense

  $ 25,655   $ 129,701   $ 305,632  
               

        Distributions on compensatory units included cash distributions paid on, as well as the net increase or decrease in undistributed earnings attributable to, compensatory units.

        As of March 31, 2007, the effective date of the amendment to the Operating Agreement to eliminate the operating company's obligation to redeem units under any circumstance, the unit-based compensation awards previously categorized as liabilities were reclassified as equity. Further, as of March 31, 2007, the operating company accelerated the vesting of all compensatory units then subject to vesting. Subsequent to this date, distributions on these units have not been considered a component of compensation and benefits expense and are instead recorded as a direct reduction of members' capital.

F-23



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 8—Compensation and Benefits (Continued)

        The change in liability for the redemption of compensatory units, through the date of the amendment of the Operating Agreement described above, is as follows (in thousands):

 
  (in thousands)
 

Balance at December 31, 2005

  $ 11,035  
 

Value of Units Vested During the Year

    5,809  
 

Increase in Value of Units Previously Vested

    3,269  
 

Change in Undistributed Earnings

     
 

Compensation Expense Associated with Unvested Units

    11,333  
 

Payment of Liabilities

     
 

Charge for Conversion to Fair Market Value

    232,534  
       

Balance at December 31, 2006

  $ 263,980  
 

Value of Units Vested During the Year

    79,199  
 

Increase in Value of Units Previously Vested

    1,738  
 

Change in Undistributed Earnings

     
 

Compensation Expense Associated with Unvested Units

     
 

Payment of Liabilities

    (953 )
 

Reclassification due to Amendment of Operating Agreement

    (343,964 )
       

Balance at March 31, 2007

  $  
       

        For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the operating company granted 2,644,812 and 795,000 options, respectively, to purchase units pursuant to the Pzena Investment Management, LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. The options had varying vesting schedules and were issued at strike prices equal to the assessed fair market value per unit at the time of award issuance. The Company determined that the total grant-date fair value of the options awarded were $5.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company recognized approximately $4.2 million and $2.8 million in compensation and benefits expense associated with the amortization of these awards.

        Pursuant to the operating company's bonus plan, which became effective January 1, 2007, eligible employees whose cash compensation is in excess of certain thresholds have a portion of that excess mandatorily deferred. Amounts deferred may be credited to an investment account or take the form of phantom Class B units, at the employee's discretion, and vest ratably over four years. At December 31, 2008 and 2007, approximately $0.0 million and $4.4 million, respectively, in such compensation was deferred. At December 31, 2008, the liability associated with such investment accounts was approximately $0.3 million, and has been included as a component of other liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial condition. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recognized approximately $0.6 million in compensation and benefits expense associated with the amortization of all deferred compensation awards.

Note 9—Short Term Borrowings

        Simultaneously with the Credit Agreement described below, on July 23, 2007, the operating company obtained a $20.0 million revolving credit facility, expiring on July 23, 2010, in order to finance

F-24



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 9—Short Term Borrowings (Continued)


its short term working capital needs. This facility carries a commitment fee of 0.2% on any unused amounts, and the Company's approximately $1.8 million letter of credit reduces the amounts otherwise available to be used. On February 11, 2008, the operating company entered into Amendment No. 1 to its Credit Agreement. The amendment changed a number of Credit Agreement provisions, including reducing the capacity of the revolving credit facility from $20.0 million to $5.0 million. On September 19, 2008, the operating company entered into Amendment No. 2 to its Credit Agreement. The amendment reduced the capacity of the revolving credit facility from $5.0 million to $3.0 million and extended its maturity to July 23, 2011. On October 28, 2008, the operating company entered into Amendment No. 3 to its Credit Agreement, which reduced the capacity of the revolving credit facility to the value of its letter of credit, approximately $1.8 million. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, no balance was outstanding against the facility.

Note 10—Settlement Fee Income

        As part of the Company's settlement agreement and withdrawal from its membership in a limited liability company that is the general partner of an investment partnership, the Company was entitled to certain future payments through 2007, provided that specific revenue goals were achieved by the general partner of the investment partnership. The Company recognized these future payments only when such revenue goals were achieved. The Company recognized $1.0 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively, related to the payments per the settlement agreement. These settlement fees were recorded in other income at the end of the contractual period and amounts receivable as part of the settlement were included in other receivables. Subsequent to December 31, 2007, the Company was no longer entitled to such payments.

Note 11—Debt

        On July 23, 2007, the operating company entered into a $60.0 million, three-year Credit Agreement, the proceeds of which were used to finance a one-time distribution to its members. The principal amount borrowed bore interest at a variable rate based, at the Company's option, on (i) the one, two, three, nine or twelve-month LIBOR rate plus 1.00%, or (ii) the higher of the lender's prime rate and the Federal Funds Rate. The principal amount was payable in full at the end of the three-year term, with no penalty for prepayment. Approximately $0.1 million in debt issuance costs were incurred in association with this loan. Such costs have been recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated statements of financial condition and are being amortized over the term of the loan.

        On February 11, 2008, the operating company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement. The agreement, as amended, required the operating company to maintain assets under management of at least $15.0 billion and generate consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), as defined, of at least $40.0 million in any consecutive four fiscal quarterly periods. Pursuant to the terms of the amended agreement, term loan amortization was required beginning in any period when assets under management were less than $20.0 billion and ending when assets under management was greater than $21.5 billion. Further, a 50% excess cash flow sweep was required if assets under management were below $17.5 billion. Additionally, the LIBOR interest rate option was increased to LIBOR plus 1.50%. For the period from February 11, 2008 through July 23, 2008, the interest rate in effect was 6.91%, which was equal to the twelve-month

F-25



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 11—Debt (Continued)


LIBOR rate in effect at the time of the closing of the agreement of 5.41%, plus 1.50%. During the three months ended June 30, 2008, the Company's assets under management fell below $20 billion. On June 30, 2008, the Company made a required amortization payment of $3.0 million.

        On September 19, 2008, the operating company entered into Amendment No. 2 to its Credit Agreement. The agreement, as amended, required the operating company to maintain assets under management of at least $12.0 billion and to make minimum quarterly amortization payments of $2.0 million until maturity, which was extended to July 23, 2011. Additionally, the LIBOR interest rate option was increased to LIBOR plus 1.75% and the EBITDA financial covenant stipulated in Amendment No. 1 was eliminated. The excess cash flow sweep was also increased to 75% of excess cash flow. On September 22, 2008, the Company made a required amortization payment of $5.0 million as a condition precedent to the effectiveness of this amendment. On September 30, 2008, the Company made a quarterly amortization payment of $5.0 million.

        On October 28, 2008, the operating company entered into Amendment No. 3 to its Credit Agreement. This amendment provided for the following changes to the Credit Agreement, among others:

        Conditions precedent to the execution of Amendment No.3 included, among others, (i) the repayment by the operating company of $25.0 million of the $47.0 million principal amount outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of October 28, 2008, and (ii) the grant by the operating company and one of its subsidiaries of a security interest in their accounts receivable.

        In order to fund the $25.0 million repayment by the operating company, the Company used $9.0 million in cash reserves and the proceeds from the issuance by the operating company of an aggregate of $16.0 million principal amount of Senior Subordinated Notes (collectively, the "Notes") to entities established by Richard S. Pzena, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, for the benefit of certain of his family members, an entity controlled by a Company director, and a former employee. The issuance of these Notes was approved by the three independent members of the Company's Board of Directors.

F-26



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 11—Debt (Continued)

        The Notes were issued on October 28, 2008. Each of these Notes is unsecured, has a ten-year maturity and bears interest at 6.30% per annum. The provisions of the Notes include a restricted payments covenant (including dividends), a prohibition on incurring indebtedness which is not subordinated to the Notes, and events of default based on failure to make payments, bankruptcy, change of control and acceleration of material indebtedness. In addition, the Notes are subordinated to the repayment in full of the loans under the Credit Agreement.

        Pursuant to the Credit Agreement and the senior subordinated notes, the operating company would be in default if it ever failed to pay required interest and amortization payments in a timely fashion. Further, the Credit Agreement stipulates that the operating company would be in default thereunder if it defaults on its senior subordinated notes. Such events of default would permit the lender under the applicable debt agreement to accelerate the debt thereunder. No such occurrence of acceleration occurred during the year ended December 31, 2008.

        As discussed above, subsequent to Amendment No. 2 and Amendment No. 3 to the Company's Credit Agreement in 2008, the minimum EBITDA and minimum AUM covenants were eliminated. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of and for all 2008 periods in which they were in effect. As of and for the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company complied with the EBITDA and minimum AUM covenants contained in the Credit Agreement as follows:

 
  As of and for the year ended
December 31, 2007
 
 
  AUM   EBITDA  
 
  (in billions)
  (in thousands)
 
 
  (unaudited)
 

Actual Results

  $ 23.6   $ 101,855  

Required Minimum

  $ 20.0   $ 60,000  

             

        An unaudited reconciliation of the operating company's GAAP results to EBITDA, as defined, for the year ended December 31, 2007 is as follows (in thousands):

Operating Company Net Loss

  $ (17,689 )
 

Interest Charges

    1,796  
 

Provision for Income Taxes

    5,028  
 

Depreciation and Amortization

    368  
 

Non-cash Compensation

    95,777  
 

Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units

    16,575  
 

Equity in Loss of Affiliates

     
       

Operating Company EBITDA

  $ 101,855  
       

F-27



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 12—Interest Rate Swap

        The Company manages its exposure to changes in market rates of interest. The Company's use of derivative instruments is limited to an interest rate swap used to manage the interest rate exposure related to its Credit Agreement. The Company monitors its position and the credit rating of the counterparty and does not anticipate non-performance by such counterparty.

        On February 28, 2008, the operating company entered into a $60.0 million notional amount interest rate swap agreement that commenced on July 23, 2008. The swap, which expires July 23, 2010, obligates the operating company to pay a 2.825% fixed rate of interest on the notional amount and requires the counterparty to pay the operating company a floating interest rate based on the monthly LIBOR interest rate. The spread on the Credit Agreement is in addition to these amounts. As discussed in Note 11, on September 19, 2008, the maturity of amounts outstanding under the Company's Credit Agreement was extended to July 23, 2011. The Company has not entered into any agreements to manage its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates from July 23, 2010 through July 23, 2011.

        During the three months ended September 30, 2008, the Company changed the designation of its swap agreement from a cash flow hedge to a trading derivative, as a significant portion of the cash flows associated with the original forecasted transaction were probable to not occur due to the amortization payments required to be made pursuant to the terms of its amended agreement. Accordingly, the Company reclassified the cumulative changes in fair value related to this swap from accumulated other comprehensive income to other income/(expense). Additionally, the Company recorded all subsequent changes to the swap's fair value as a component of other income/(expense). For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recognized approximately $0.8 million in expense associated with these adjustments.

        Concurrently with the reductions in principal outstanding under the Credit Agreement, the Company reduced the notional amount of its interest rate swap to $22.0 million. The amounts paid to the counterparty in exchange for these reductions were approximately $0.1 million.

Note 13—Income Taxes

        The operating company is a limited liability company that has elected to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes. Neither it nor the Company's other consolidated subsidiaries has made a provision for federal or state income taxes because it is the personal responsibility of each of these entities' members (including the Company) to separately report their proportionate share of the respective entity's taxable income or loss. The operating company has made a provision for New York City UBT. Subsequent to the offering and reorganization on October 30, 2007, the Company, as a "C" corporation under the Internal Revenue Code, is liable for federal, state and local taxes on the income derived from its economic interest in its operating company, which is net of UBT. Correspondingly, in its consolidated financial statements, the Company reports both the operating company's provision for

F-28



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 13—Income Taxes (Continued)


UBT as well as its provision for federal, state and local corporate taxes. The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:

 
  For the Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2008   2007   2006  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Current Provision:

                   
 

Unincorporated Business Taxes

  $ 3,114   $ 5,294   $ 3,543  
 

Local Corporate Tax

    (3 )   18      
 

State Corporate Tax

    (2 )   19      
 

Federal Corporate Tax

    (20 )   83      
               

Total Current Provision

  $ 3,089   $ 5,414   $ 3,543  
               

Deferred Provision:

                   
 

Unincorporated Business Taxes

  $ (197 ) $ (266 ) $ 398  
 

Local Corporate Tax

    222     90      
 

State Corporate Tax

    418     77      
 

Federal Corporate Tax

    1,439     295      
               

Total Deferred Provision

  $ 1,882   $ 196   $ 398  
               

Deferred Income Tax Valuation Allowance

    62,709          
               

Total Provision for Income Taxes

  $ 67,680   $ 5,610   $ 3,941  
               

        The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 
  As of December 31,  
 
  2008   2007  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Deferred Tax Assets:

             
 

Section 754 Basis Step Up

  $ 65,368   $ 68,191  
 

Other

    785     42  
           
   

Subtotal

    66,153     68,233  
 

Valuation Allowance

    (62,709 )    
           

Total Deferred Tax Assets

  $ 3,444   $ 68,233  
           

Deferred Tax Liabilities:

             
 

Operating Company Cash Basis Differences

  $ 448   $ 672  
 

Other

    48     21  
           

Total Deferred Tax Liabilities

  $ 496   $ 693  
           

F-29



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 13—Income Taxes (Continued)

        Prior to October 30, 2007, the operating company was a cash basis taxpayer. As the result of the Company's acquisition of membership units in conjunction with the offering, the operating company was required to become an accrual basis taxpayer. Pursuant to Section 481 of the Internal Revenue Code, the cumulative difference between the two methods of taxpaying are amortizable over four years. These differences generated approximately $0.4 million and $0.7 million in deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Such amounts are recorded in other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

        The acquisition of the operating company membership units noted above has allowed the Company to make an election under Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code to step up its tax basis in the net assets acquired. This step up is deductible for tax purposes over a 15-year period. Based on the net proceeds of the offering and tax basis of the operating company as of October 30, 2007, this election gave rise to a deferred tax asset of approximately $68.7 million. Pursuant to a Tax Receivable Agreement signed between the members of the operating company and the Company, 85% of the cash savings generated by this election will be distributed to the selling shareholders upon this benefit's realization.

        During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company evaluated the asset associated with this election after the decline in its AUM brought, for the first time, revenue projections below the point at which the Company would generate sufficient full-year taxable income to fully utilize this deferred tax asset. Other negative evidence it reviewed included (i) the general uncertain economic environment, which has been reflected in declining stock markets and had a corresponding impact on AUM and revenue levels; (ii) the accelerating negative trends affecting the asset management industry in particular; and (iii) the difficulty of projecting AUM in the current volatile environment. These factors were moderated by (i) the Company's ability to control its compensation costs, which is its single largest expense; (ii) management's experience in the asset management industry and minimal turnover of key personnel; and (iii) the ability of the Company to utilize tax losses generated by this asset over a longer time horizon. In conducting its analysis, the Company believed that the inherent difficulty in projecting future income was exacerbated by the economic environment. It correspondingly limited its projections to three years. Over this time period, the Company projected taxable income assuming no AUM growth and modest reductions in its cost structure.

        The Company determined that, after weighing both the positive and negative evidence discussed above, a portion of benefits associated with this deferred tax asset were more likely than not to go unrealized due to estimates of future taxable income. As a result, the Company established a $62.7 million valuation allowance to reduce the net deferred tax asset to an amount more likely than not to be realized. This deferred tax asset remains available to the Company and can be used to reduce taxable income in future years. The Company similarly reduced the associated liability to selling shareholders to reflect this change in the estimated realization of the asset. The Company recorded an approximate $53.3 million increase to other income associated with this reduction in the liability to selling shareholders during the year ended December 31, 2008.

        In October 2008, the selling unitholders agreed to waive any payments that the Company is or will be required to make to them for the 2008 and 2009 tax years pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recognized approximately $2.9 million in other income associated with this waiver.

F-30



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 13—Income Taxes (Continued)

        As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the net value of this deferred tax asset was approximately $3.4 million and $68.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the liability to selling shareholders was approximately $1.8 million and $58.4 million, respectively.

        For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company's taxable income was determined as follows:

 
  For the Year Ended
 
 
  December 31,  
 
  2008   2007  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Income Before Taxes and and Non-Controlling Interests

  $ 100,078   $ 2,274  
 

Unincorporated Business Taxes

    (2,917 )   (5,027 )
 

Non-Controlling Interests

    (36,095 )   20,644  
 

Interest on Mandatorily Redeemable Units

        (16,575 )
           

Income Before Corporate Income Taxes

  $ 61,066   $ 1,316  
           

        Differences between the provision for corporate income taxes reported for financial reporting purposes and that computed based upon the application of the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate to the reported income/(loss) before income taxes and interest on mandatorily redeemable units for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were as follows:

 
  For the Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2008   2007  
 
  Amount   % of Pretax
Income
  Amount   % of Pretax
Income
 

Federal Corporate Tax

  $ 20,765     34.0 % $ 448     34.0 %

State and Local Corporate Tax, net of Federal Benefit

    422     0.7 %   135     10.3 %

Write-down of Liability to Selling Shareholders

    (19,108 )   (31.3 )%       0.0 %

Other

    (25 )   0.0 %       0.0 %

Deferred Income Tax Valuation Allowance

    62,709     102.7 %       0.0 %
                   

Provision for Corporate Income Taxes

  $ 64,763     106.0 % $ 583     44.3 %
                   

        In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes ("FIN 48"). FIN 48 establishes the minimum threshold for recognizing, and a system for measuring, the benefits of tax return positions in financial statements. It is the Company's policy to recognize accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as part of the tax provision. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, no such

F-31



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 13—Income Taxes (Continued)


expenses were recognized, and as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, no accruals were recorded.

        The Company and the operating company are generally no longer subject to U.S federal, or state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for any year prior to 2005. All tax years subsequent to this date are considered open and subject to examination by tax authorities.

Note 14—Investments in Marketable Securities

        Investments in marketable securities consisted of the following at December 31, 2008:

 
  Cost   Unrealized
Gain/(Loss)
  Fair Value  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Equities

  $ 24,097   $ (10,052 ) $ 14,045  
               

        Investments in marketable securities and securities sold short consisted of the following at December 31, 2007:

 
  Cost   Unrealized
Gain/(Loss)
  Fair Value  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Equities

  $ 28,738   $ (1,273 ) $ 27,465  
               

 

 
  Proceeds   Unrealized
(Gain)/Loss
  Fair Value  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Equity Securities Sold Short

  $ 1,047   $ (19 ) $ 1,028  
               

Note 15—Non-Controlling Interests

        The Company did not initially record a non-controlling interest associated with the acquisition of its operating company, as the post-offering net equity of the operating company was less than zero. Pursuant to the guidance of EITF 95-7, no operating company non-controlling interest was recorded until the deficit attributable to non-controlling interest, approximately $10.8 million as of the date of the initial public offering, was extinguished. As of December 31, 2007, the deficit attributable to the non-controlling interest of the operating company was approximately $11.1 million. As of December 31, 2008, this deficit had been extinguished.

F-32



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 15—Non-Controlling Interests (Continued)

        Changes in the initial deficit attributable to the non-controlling interest of Pzena Investment Management LLC were recorded as adjustments to the Company's additional paid-in capital until the deficit was extinguished. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, such changes were summarized as follows:

 
  2007  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Non-Controlling Interest of Pzena Invement Management, LLC

  $ 12,481  

Distributions to Members

    (12,784 )
       

Equity Effect of Operating Company

       
 

Net Deficit on Non-Controlling Interest

  $ (303 )
       

Initial Deficit

 
$

(10,840

)

Equity Effect of Operating Company

       
 

Net Deficit on Non-Controlling Interest

    (303 )
       

Deficit at December 31, 2007

  $ (11,143 )
       

 

 
  2008  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Non-Controlling Interest of Pzena Invement Management, LLC

  $ 45,857  

Distributions to Members

    (35,813 )

Amortization of Option Grants

    3,765  

Amortization of Deferred Compensation

    272  

Equity Issuances

    459  
       
 

Subtotal

    14,540  

Less: Deficit at December 31, 2007

    (11,143 )
       

Non-Controlling Interest in

       
 

Net Equity of Pzena Investment Management, LLC

  $ 3,397  
       

F-33



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 15—Non-Controlling Interests (Continued)

        Non-controlling interests in the operations of the Company's consolidated subsidiaries and operating company are comprised of the following:


 
  For the Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2008   2007   2006  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Net Loss of Pzena Investment

                   
 

Management LLC prior to October 30, 2007

  $   $ (31,486 ) $  

Non-Controlling Interest of Pzena Investement Management, LLC

    45,857     12,481      

Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated Subsidiaries

    (9,762 )   (1,639 )   1,997  
               
 

Non-Controlling Interests

  $ 36,095   $ (20,644 ) $ 1,997  
               

        Non-controlling interests in the equity of the Company's consolidated subsidiaries and operating company are summarized as follows for the year ended December 31, 2008:

 

Non-Controlling Interests of Consolidated Subsidiaries at December 31, 2007

  $ 16,355  
 

Contributions from Non-Controlling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries

    7,082  
 

Distributions to Non-Controlling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries

    (5,253 )
 

Non-Controlling Interest in Loss of Consolidated Subsidiaries

    (9,762 )
 

Non-Controlling Interest of Pzena Investment Management, LLC

    3,397  
       

Non-Controlling Interests of Consolidated Subsidiaries at December 31, 2008

  $ 11,819  
       

        Non-controlling interests in the equity of the Company's consolidated subsidiaries and operating company are summarized as follows for the year ended December 31, 2007:

Non-Controlling Interests of Consolidated Subsidiaries at December 31, 2006

  $ 13,399  
   

Contributions from Non-Controlling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries

    12,083  
   

Distributions to Non-Controlling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries

    (12,506 )
   

Non-Controlling Interest in Loss of Consolidated Subsidiaries

    (1,639 )
   

Effect of Initial Consolidation of PAI, LLC on Non-Controlling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries

    5,018  
       
 

Non-Controlling Interests of Consolidated Subsidiaries at December 31, 2007

  $ 16,355  
       

Note 16—Members' Equity Interests of Operating Company

        Prior to March 31, 2007, distributions made with respect to compensatory units were classified as compensation and benefits expense. Incremental changes to these units' redemption values subsequent to the grant date were also included as a component of compensation and benefits expense at each reporting period. For the operating company's non-compensatory units (capital units), distributions and incremental changes in the net liability associated with these units' redemption values have been recorded as components of interest on mandatorily redeemable units in the consolidated statements of operations for all periods prior to March 31, 2007.

F-34



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 16—Members' Equity Interests of Operating Company (Continued)

        Under the original operating agreement, upon the sale of the operating company, proceeds were to be allocated first to the holders of Capital Units, and then to the holders of Profits-Only Interests and Class C Profits Interests based on their pro rata share of the incremental increase in assigned value of the operating company above the point at which the respective units were issued.

        On December 31, 2006, the operating company initiated a capital restructuring, wherein all of the outstanding Compensatory Units and Capital Units were exchanged for new units on a percentage basis determined by the outstanding units' relative fair values. These new units all retained the same earnings sharing and voting rights, but participated in the potential liquidation of the operating company on a pro rata basis. The operating company and unitholders each had fair-value put and call provisions, subject to certain restrictions, that allowed for redemption only for the vested units that had been held longer than six months. New units exchanged for units previously issued retained their original liability classification. Of the total $696.3 million increase in value arising from the change from a formula-based redemption plan to a fair-value plan to a fair value plan, approximately $232.5 million was associated with compensatory unit awards and charged to compensation and benefits expense on December 31, 2006. The remaining $463.8 million was recorded as a component of interest on mandatorily redeemable units for the year ended December 31, 2006.

        The Operating Agreement was amended as of March 31, 2007 to eliminate the operating company's obligation to redeem units under any circumstance. As a result, all units that were categorized as liabilities in the consolidated financial statements were reclassified as equity as of March 31, 2007. Subsequent to this date, distributions paid on unit-based compensation and incremental changes to these units' value are not considered a component of compensation and benefits expense and are instead recorded as a direct reduction of undistributed earnings. As of March 31, 2007, the operating company accelerated the vesting of all compensatory units then subject to vesting. The one-time charge associated with this acceleration, approximately $65.0 million, was recorded on March 31, 2007.

        Compensation and benefits expense associated with the operating company's compensatory units was comprised of the following:

 
  For the Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2007   2006  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Distributions on Compensatory Units

  $ 12,087   $ 17,857  

Change in Redemption Value of Compensatory Units

    15,969     20,411  

Change from Formula to Fair Value Plan for Compensatory Units

        232,534  

Acceleration of Vesting of Compensatory Units

    64,968      
           
 

Total Compensation and Benefits Expense

  $ 93,024   $ 270,802  
           

F-35



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 16—Members' Equity Interests of Operating Company (Continued)

        For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the operating company granted 2,644,812 and 795,000 options, respectively, to purchase units pursuant to the Pzena Investment Management, LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. The options had varying vesting schedules and were issued at strike prices equal to the assessed fair market value per unit at the time of award issuance. The Company determined that the total grant-date fair value of the options awarded were $5.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

 
  For the Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
  2008   2007  

Weighted-average Time Until Exercise

    7 years     7 years  

Volatility

    36%     30%  

Risk Free Rate

    2.19%     5.02%  

Dividend Yield

    0.65%     4.41%  

        On January 1, 2008, the operating company granted 13,000 restricted Class B units to certain members pursuant to the Pzena Investment Management, LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. On January 1, 2008, the operating company also issued 89,826 phantom Class B units as part of its Bonus Plan. These grants each vest ratably over a four-year period commencing January 1, 2008.

        The following is a summary of the option activity for the three years ended December 31, 2008:

 
  Options Outstanding   Weighted Average Exercise Price  

Balance, at December 31, 2005

    537,000   $ 9.61  
 

Options Granted

         
 

Options Cancelled

         
 

Options Exercised

    (537,000 )   (9.61 )
             

Balance, at December 31, 2006

         
 

Options Granted

    795,000     14.37  
 

Options Cancelled

    (20,000 )   (13.53 )
 

Options Exercised

    (266,690 )   (13.53 )
             

Balance, at December 31, 2007

    508,310     14.85  
 

Options Granted

    2,644,812     5.43  
 

Options Cancelled

         
 

Options Exercised

         
             

Balance, at December 31, 2008

    3,153,122   $ 6.95  
             

        The weighted-average grant date fair value of the options issued in 2008 and 2007 were $1.91 and $3.52, respectively.

        Except as otherwise provided by law, the liability of a member of the operating company is limited to the amount of its capital account. A member may transfer or assign all, or any part of, its membership interest to any other party (a "Transferee"). A Transferee of such membership interest

F-36



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 16—Members' Equity Interests of Operating Company (Continued)


shall not become a member unless its membership in the operating company is unanimously approved by the then existing member(s) in writing. Any Transferee admitted as a member shall succeed to the capital account or portion thereof transferred or assigned, as if no such transfer or assignment had occurred.

        On February 13, 2007, the operating company accelerated the vesting of 285,000 of the 315,500 Class A units that were granted on January 1, 2007 pursuant to its 2006 Equity Incentive Plan and repurchased them from a departing employee. The charge associated with this acceleration was approximately $3.8 million and has been included in compensation and benefits expense for the three months ended March 31, 2007. As of March 31, 2007, the operating company accelerated the vesting of all options then subject to vesting. The non-cash compensation charge associated with this accelerated amortization was approximately $1.9 million.

        On July 17, 2007, the operating company effected a 5-for-1 unit split. All unit and per unit amounts have been adjusted to reflect this split.

Note 17—Shareholders' Equity

        The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware on May 8, 2007. On May 10, 2007, the Company issued 100 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Old Common Stock"), for $100 to Richard S. Pzena, the sole director of the Company as of that date. On October 5, 2007, the Company effected a 100-for-6 reverse stock split of all shares of its Old Common Stock then outstanding. All share amounts have been adjusted to reflect this split. As of the effectiveness of the amendment and restatement of the Company's certificate of incorporation on October 30, 2007, each share of the Old Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to effectiveness was reclassified as one share of the Company's Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

        On October 30, 2007, the Company consummated an initial public offering of 6,100,000 shares of its Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $98.9 million, after payment of underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses. These net proceeds were used to purchase 6,100,000 membership units of the operating company, representing 9.5% of its then outstanding membership units, from its two outside investors and one former employee. Concurrently with the consummation of the Company's initial public offering, the Operating Agreement of the operating company was amended and restated such that, among other things, (i) the Company became the sole managing member of the operating company, (ii) the 6,100,000 membership units of the operating company that the Company acquired were reclassified as Class A units of the operating company, (iii) an additional 11,118 Class A units were issued to the Company in respect of its issuance of 11,112 shares of Class A common stock to certain directors of the Company on October 30, 2007, and contribution of the $100 initial investment the Company received in exchange for issuance of six shares of Class A common stock on May 10, 2007, and (iv) the holders of the remaining 90.5% of the outstanding membership units of the operating company were reclassified as Class B units of the operating company. Class A and Class B units of the operating company have the same economic rights per unit. Accordingly, immediately following the consummation of the offering and reorganization, the holders of Class A common stock (through the Company) and the holders of Class B units of the operating company held approximately 9.5% and 90.5%, respectively, of the economic interests in the operations of the business. As of December 31, 2008, the holders of Class A common stock (through the Company) and the holders of Class B units of the operating company held

F-37



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 17—Shareholders' Equity (Continued)


approximately 9.6% and 90.4%, respectively, of the economic interests in the operations of the business. As of December 31, 2007, the holders of Class A common stock (through the Company) and the holders of Class B units of the operating company held approximately 9.5% and 90.5%, respectively, of the economic interests in the operations of the business.

        For each membership unit of the operating company that was reclassified as a Class B unit in the reorganization, the Company issued the holder one share of its Class B common stock, par value $0.000001 per share, in exchange for the payment of this par value. Each share of the Company's Class B common stock entitles its holder to five votes, until the first time that the number of shares of Class B common stock outstanding constitutes less than 20% of the number of all shares of our common stock outstanding. From this time and thereafter, each share of the Company's Class B common stock entitles its holder to one vote. When a Class B unit is exchanged for a share of the Company's Class A common stock or forfeited, a corresponding share of the Company's Class B common stock will automatically be redeemed and cancelled. Conversely, to the extent that the Company causes Pzena Investment Management, LLC to issue additional Class B units to employees pursuant to its equity incentive plan, these additional holders of Class B units would be entitled to receive a corresponding number of shares of the Company's Class B common stock (including if the Class B units awarded are subject to vesting).

        Simultaneously with the consummation of the offering and reorganization, all holders of the Company's Class B common stock entered into a stockholders' agreement, pursuant to which they agreed to vote all shares of Class B common stock then held by them, and acquired in the future, together on all matters submitted to a vote of the common stockholders.

        The outstanding shares of the Company's Class A common stock represent 100% of the rights of the holders of all classes of the Company's capital stock to receive distributions, except that holders of Class B common stock will have the right to receive the class's par value upon the Company's liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

        Pursuant to the amended and restated Operating Agreement of the operating company, each vested Class B unit is exchangeable for a share of the Company's Class A common stock, subject to certain exchange timing and volume limitations.

        The acquisition of the operating company's membership interests by the Company has been treated as a reorganization of entities under common control pursuant to the guidance set forth in FTB 85-5. Accordingly, the net assets assumed by the Company through the offering have been reported at the operating company's historical cost basis. As a result of these transactions, as of and subsequent to October 30, 2007, (i) the Company has consolidated the financial results of the operating company with its own and reflected the membership interest in it that it does not own as a non-controlling interest in its consolidated financial statements, and (ii) the Company's income will be generated by its economic interest in the operating company's net income.

        This acquisition of membership units in the operating company has allowed the Company to make an election to step up its tax basis in the net assets acquired. This step up is deductible for tax purposes over a 15-year period. Pursuant to a tax receivable agreement between the Company and the operating company, 85% of the benefits of this election, less amounts waived, will be returned to the selling unitholders of the operating company as they are realized.

F-38



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 17—Shareholders' Equity (Continued)

        The assets and liabilities assumed in the offering and reorganization were recorded at October 30, 2007 as follows:

 
  (in thousands)
 

Pzena Investment Management, LLC Member's Capital

  $ 747,568  

Pzena Investment Management, LLC Retained Deficit

    (759,551 )

Deferred Tax Asset

    68,695  

Tax receivable Liability to Selling Unithoders

    (58,391 )
       
 

Total

  $ (1,679 )
       

Common Stock, at Par

    61  

Additional Paid-in Capital

    (1,740 )
       
 

Total

  $ (1,679 )
       

        On November 9, 2007, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.11 per share of Class A common stock, payable on January 11, 2008 to shareholders of record as of December 28, 2007. The liability associated with this payment, and the corresponding obligation to the operating company members, is recorded in dividends payable on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

        On March 4, 2008, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.11 per share of Class A common stock, paid on April 11, 2008 to shareholders of record as of March 27, 2008.

        On June 3, 2008, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.11 per share of Class A common stock, paid on July 11, 2008 to shareholders of record as of June 27, 2008.

        On September 3, 2008, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.05 per share of Class A common stock, paid on October 10, 2008 to shareholders of record as of September 26, 2008.

F-39



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 18—Pro Forma Financial Information (unaudited)

        The following unaudited pro forma results of operations have been prepared assuming that the initial public offering and associated restructuring occurred on January 1, 2006. This pro forma financial information should not be considered indicative of the actual results that would have been achieved had these transactions been completed on these dates and does not purport to indicate results of operations as of any future date or any future period.

 
  For the Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2007   2006  
 
  (in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 
  (unaudited)
  (unaudited)
 

Revenue

  $ 147,149   $ 115,087  

Operating Expenses

    45,900     43,210  
           

Operating Income

    101,249     71,877  

Other Income

    (4,309 )   2,250  

Provision for Income Taxes

    9,029     6,625  

Minority and Non-Controlling Interests

    82,976     63,848  

Net Income

  $ 4,935   $ 3,654  
           

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

  $ 0.81   $ 0.60  
           

Note 19—Quarterly Results of Operations (unaudited)

        Unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 are summarized below:

 
  For the Quarter Ended  
 
  2008  
 
  Dec. 31   Sept. 30   June 30   March 31,  
 
  (unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)

 

Total Revenue

  $ 18,015   $ 25,072   $ 28,305   $ 30,012  
                   

Operating Income

    15,098     14,286     16,991     18,018  
                   

Net Income/(Loss)

  $ 3,413   $ (8,710 ) $ 780   $ 820  
                   

Basic Earnings/(Loss) Per Share

 
$

0.56
 
$

(1.42

)

$

0.13
 
$

0.13
 

Diluted Earnings/(Loss) Per Share

  $ 0.13   $ (1.42 ) $ 0.13   $ 0.13  

F-40



Pzena Investment Management, Inc.
(Prior to October 30, 2007, Pzena Investment Management, LLC)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Note 19—Quarterly Results of Operations (unaudited) (Continued)

 
  For the Quarter Ended  
 
  2007  
 
  Dec. 31   Sept. 30   June 30   March 31,  
 
  (unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)

 

Total Revenue(1)

  $ 34,794   $ 40,217   $ 36,840   $ 35,298  
                   

Operating Income(1)(2)

    20,855     28,452     25,718     (70,615 )
                   

Net Income(1)(2)(3)

  $ 733   $ 26,273   $ 25,320   $ (88,075 )
                   

Basic Earnings Per Share(3)

 
$

0.12
   
   
   
 

Diluted Earnings Per Share(3)

  $ 0.12              

(1)
Reported results prior to October 30, 2007 reflects solely the results of our operating company.

(2)
Compensation and interest charges associated with the operating company's Compensatory Units and Capital Units are included in the quarter ended March 31, 2007.

(3)
Represents the Company's weighted average shares and its earnings generated through it economic interest in the operating company subsequent to October 30, 2007.

Note 20—Subsequent Events

        On January 23, 2009, the Company repaid $8.0 million of the principal amount outstanding under the Credit Agreement.

        On February 17, 2009, the Company's form S-3 registration statement, filed in order to register the Company's issuance to Class B unitholders the total number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exchange of all Class B units outstanding immediately after the consummation of the operating company's reorganization, was declared effective.

        On February 28, 2009, the Company's assets under management were approximately $7.9 billion.

        On March 3, 2009, certain operating company members elected to exchange an aggregate of 2.4 million Class B units for an equivalent number of shares of Company Class A common stock.

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